TDE, the Thomson-Davis Editor
Version 3.2a
November 13, 1993
Frank Davis


Description:

TDE is a simple, public domain, multi-file/multi-window binary and text
file editor written for IBM PCs and close compatibles running either
MSDOS or Linux. TDE is suitable for editing batch files, binary files,
text files, and various computer language source code files. The only
limit on the number and size of files that TDE can handle is the amount
of conventional memory. Likewise, the only limit on the number of windows
is the amount of conventional memory. There is no preset maximum number
of files or windows that may be open at any one time.


Introduction:

I work with data files, computer source code, and various text files quite
a bit. Most of the features in TDE are related, in some way, to handling
those types of files. The various window and cursor commands in TDE are
really nice for comparing and editing source code or output files. A
good collection of block commands is available for use on source code
and formatted data files. For what little word processing I do, TDE has
a few simple commands for formatting text and paragraphs. In short, TDE
contains most of the features that I use most of the time in an easy to
use, easy to remember, and easy to configure editor. I hope you find
TDE as easy to use for most of your routine editing as me.


Usage:

At the command line type:

tde [ [-f search_pattern] file name(s)]

tde [ [-g regular_expression] file name(s)]

tde [ [-b] file name]

For example:

tde
tde foo.bar
tde c:\c70\TDE\main.c
tde *.c \qc25\TDE\*.h
tde foo.bar foobar f* foo.* f??b??

* * * to search files for a pattern or reg ex and load matches * * *

tde -f find_me_load_me foo.*
tde -f find_me_load_me foo.* *.bar

tde -g "this|that" foo.* <=== finds "this" or "that"
tde -g [a-zA-Z0-9_]+\( foo.bar <=== finds C functions

Note: If the '|' symbol is needed in a regular expression on
the command line, the search string needs to be enclosed
in quotes, or the MSDOS command interpreter will interpret '|'
as the pipe operator rather than the 'or' symbol.

* * * to edit binary files * * *

tde -b tde.exe
tde -b80 tde.exe


If you don't enter a file name on the command line, TDE will prompt you
for a file name. If the file does not exist, TDE starts out with an
empty file with the file name you just entered. Or, pressing
twice will pop-up a directory list.


What's new:
TDE 3.2a corrections

Oops, I linked the wrong source code with the 3.2 config utility. The
3.2 config utility has the same nasty bug that I fixed in 3.1.

One of my UNIX friends pointed out one the symptoms of my MS-DOS pro-
grammer's disease: using '/' to introduce command line options. In UNIX,
the '/' character is a path name character and is similar to '\' in MS-DOS.
Unless TDE were compiled in Linux, this problem would not show-up.


New features in TDE 3.2 include:

Pop-up pull-down command menu = Control \
More Language support, thanks to Byrial Jensen, [email protected]
Ported TDE to Linux (POSIX, SVR4, BSD4.3+?, FIPS 151-1, etc...)
Fixed a stupid mistake in the 3.1 config utility.
Linux FAQs and HOWTOs


Even though I wrote TDE, I can't remember what half the function keys do.
The new simple pop-up pull-down command menu is handy for running commands
that are seldom used. Also, dumb UNIX terminals don't have a lot of extra
function and cursor control keys. The pop-up pull-down command menu is
really handy on dumb UNIX terminals. Press Ctrl \ to access most of the
commands in TDE. The only keys that really need to be remembered are the
mark line, box, and stream blocks keys. Incidentally, when I added the
auto-CRLF/LF detect in TDE 2.2, seemlessly editing either DOS or UNIX
files was the intended goal. The auto-CRLF/LF detect and the CRLF/LF
toggle is very convenient for working on text files in either DOS or UNIX.

Byrial Jensen, [email protected], contributed several functions that are
useful with non-English languages. DOS filenames can contain extended
ASCII characters. Now, the dirlist function in TDE sorts filenames
according to the sort order array, which can be customized to your favorite
alphabet. Other things were changed for more easier non-English language
support: predefined regular expression macros may be redefined, I think
all editor prompts were gathered into prompts.h, response letters were
gathered into letters.h, and the window letters can be changed to follow a
non-English alphabet. Byrial contributed two new functions that look at
the Caps Lock key. Here's Byrial's description:

2 new editor functions in TDE:

IfCapsLock:

When NOT playing back a macro, this function does absolutely nothing.
If executed from a macro, the next key recorded in the macro will only
be executed if Caps Lock is active, and else be dropped.
The function is mapped to key combination Ctrl-grey /

IfNotCapsLock:

When NOT playing back a macro, this function does absolutely nothing.
If executed from a macro, the next key recorded in the macro will only
be executed if Caps Lock is NOT active, and else be dropped.
The function is mapped to key combination Ctrl-grey *

These functions are useful when assigning macroes for non-english letters
to ALT-letter and ALT-SHIFT-letter key pairs. E.g. one could define:
To ALT-G: IfCapsLock C-circumflex IfNotCapsLock c-circumflex
To SHIFT-ALT-G: IfCapsLock c-circumflex IfNotCapsLock C-circumflex
if one use a character set with c-circumflex in both cases.


When UNIX programmers port their utilities to MSDOS, they try to make
MSDOS have the look-and-feel of UNIX. Not to be out done when I ported
TDE from MSDOS to UNIX, I tried to make UNIX have the look-and-feel of
MSDOS: 1) the curses function keys were mapped back to their "natural"
MSDOS PC position, and 2) a 128 element array simulates the top half of
the standard PC MSDOS video attributes (video attributes 128-255 are the
annoying blinking attributes.) After about fifteen minutes of programming
in the UNIX environment, I suggest changing the UNIX motto from:

Build on the work of others.

to:

Perpetuate someone else's mistakes.


UNIX on a PC is an alternative to MSDOS, Windows, or OS/2. Several free
unices are available for 386 or better PCs. Linux, written by Linus
Torvalds ([email protected]) at Helsinki, Finland, is a free,
copyleft UNIX that follows the POSIX standard quite closely. Most of the
GNU utilities have been ported to Linux. A free X Window port is also
available. Performance on a typical 486/66 (or Pentium(tm)?) PC with a
good video card running Linux and XFree86 2.0 is comparable to or better
than your average UNIX workstation.

Linux runs on most PCs. Even if you don't have any plans to use Linux,
it is a good quality control test. Linux is more demanding than MSDOS
and PCs with a sloppy design or inferior components may have trouble
running Linux. Several of the Linux FAQs are included with TDE to give
you more info on what, where, and how.

Neither Print Block nor signals work in Linux. At this time the config
utility does not work under Linux, either. Customizing the color or key
assignments requires compiling a new executable. Depending on the colors,
ncurses does bizarre things to the screen. After pressing F1 for help,
you may have to redraw the screen to get the right colors (and sometimes
that doesn't work.) Another annoying problem in Linux or ncurses or
termcap or terminfo or SLS is the lack of support for the F11, F12, End,
and Insert keys. I haven't found any portable way to make those keys
return anything except escape codes or '~'.



New features in TDE 3.1 include:


FindRegX meta characters:
< = Empty string at beginning of word
> = Empty string at end of word


I use the regular expression search much more often than I first
anticipated. A couple of features missing in the original implementa-
tion are the beginning of word and end of word metacharacters. These
metacharacters really come in handy for culling prefixes and suffixes
from the search. Here's our new reg ex table:


Regular Expression operator precedence:
(based on the table in Dr. Aho's book)


c = char x = string r,s = regular expression

c any non-operator character Felis
\c c literally and C escapes catus\.
\:c predefined macro: \:c*(ie|ei)
\:a - alphanumeric
\:b - white space
\:c - alphabetic
\:d - decimal
\:h - hex
\:l - lower alpha
\:u - upper alpha
. any character but newline c.t
< beginning of word > end of word
^ beginning of line ^cat>
$ end of line cat$
[x] any character in x [a-z0-9]
[^x] any character not in x [^AEIOU]
r* zero or more r's ca*t
r+ one or more r's ca[b-t]+
r? zero or one r c.?t
rs r followed by s ^$
r|s either r or s kitty|cat
(r) r (c)?(a+)t





New features in TDE 3.0 include:

FindRegX = #F7
RepeatFindRegX = F7
RepeatFindRegXBackward = @F7
DefineRegXGrep = ^F12
Renamed the SearchAndSeize functions to Grep


The main feature in this version of TDE is a regular expression search
function. I don't need regular expressions very often, but they do come
in handy. For instance, our mainframe has a "compare" and a "compair"
function. After years of using those functions, I have forgotten which
is the correct spelling. With a regular expression function, I can
search for "comp(are|air)". The '|' symbol, which is the or operator,
is very useful for finding several different or similar patterns at once.
Recently, I needed to delete all blank lines in a data file. With a simple
macro, a regular expression search really simplified the job.

Unfortunately, the regular expression search function can be very slow --
the worst case is really bad. Searching for .*abc can take several minutes
in a small file (on a 486/33). Press Control-Break to break-out of a long
running reg ex find. In all actuallity, I never need to search for worst
case patterns.


Here's the macro I used to delete all blank lines in a file:

Shift-F7 = FindRegX (find a blank line before recording the macro)
^$

Alt-F3 = turn macro record on
Alt-5 = assign macro to Alt-5
F7 = RepeatFindRegX - next blank line
Alt-D = delete line
Up = move cursor up a line (just in case current line is blank)
Alt-5 = call the macro we just recorded
Alt-F3 = turn macro record off

Press Alt-5 to delete all blank lines.


The SearchAndSeize function was renamed to Grep. I didn't want to call
the old function Grep, because that implies the ability to search for
regular expressions. Now, there is a choice between a very fast, but
limited, DefineGrep or a slow, but very flexible, DefineRegXGrep for
grepping around.


TDE only checks for valid syntax in a regular expression, which basically
means that parens and brackets are balanced and that consecutive operators
'*', '+', '?', and '|' are not allowed. For example, either ^$ or $^ will
find blank lines. TDE does not check for regular expressions that create
null loops in the pattern matching machine. If TDE can compile a regular
expression, TDE will try to find it. Here are some examples of good and
bad regular expressions in TDE:

will find (good): chokes on null loops (bad):

(a|b)* (a*|b)*
a*(ba*)* (a*b*)*
(a*b)* (a*b*)+
(a+)* (a*)+
a*|b (a?)*

TDE will correctly compile all of the above regular expressions, but it
just can't find the "bad" regular expressions. If TDE does choke on

null loops, a harmless "nfa choked" message is displayed in the status bar
at the bottom of the screen. TDE never tries to predict whether a given
regular expression will produce null loops.

Null loops are created when a regular expression has zero or more occur-
rences of zero or more occurrences, e.g. (a*)*. The nondeterministic
finite-state pattern matching machine in TDE will choke trying to find
an infinite number of zero occurrences of 'a'.



New features in TDE 2.2 include:

Dirty Line color = Config file
NextDirtyLine = @F5
PrevDirtyLine = @F6
Right margin justify = ^F7
Stable Quicksort = replaced the old insertion sort
Customize overscan = config utility
Put support for two-key combo's back in, e.g. ^KQ
Edit text and binary files
+ Source code may now be compiled w/ MSC 7.0, QuickC 2.51, and BC 3.1
+ Make file supports MSC 7.0, QuickC 2.5, and BC 3.1
+ autoload , , and some BIN (binary) files
+ added signatures to structures changed by the config utility
+ assertions in source code to find my many design flaws,
programming mistakes, and logic errors


In this version, the big text buffer was replaced by a double linked
list. In general, many functions are faster. However, this version
will not handle files quite as large as previous versions. On the
other hand, this version will edit binary files. I think just about
any ASCII or Extended ASCII character may be edited in any file. Also
notice in the file header that the offset is displayed for files
opened in binary mode.

When I added support for binary files, I wanted the ability to edit
some of the files produced by our lab equipment. The data collectors
dump data in a fixed record size. The record size varies among the
machines, so TDE needs to handle various fixed record formats. The
default record length for binary files is 64. The default record
size may be overridden on the command line with the /b switch. Just
add the size of the desired fixed length record to the /b, e.g.

tde -b128 nmr.dat
tde -b80 hplc.dat
tde -b54 rs232.dat

Now, whenever a line is changed, the line changes color. The dirty
line color can be set in the config utility. Incidentally, the dirty
line color can be set to the same color as regular text, which effectively
turns off this feature. After using this feature for a while, I really
needed another function to move the cursor to dirty lines. During the
day, I get interrupted quite a bit and forget what I just changed. The
NextDirtyLine and PrevDirtyLine functions are really useful for finding
the changes I made. Other times, I forget what I just did. Often, I
forget what I just did five minutes ago. I vaguely remember changing
something, but I can't remember what or where. The NextDirtyLine and
PrevDirtyLine functions come in handy for those with bad memories, like
me.

A minor feature was added to the word processing functions: right margin
justification. The SetRightMargin function asks whether or not to
justify the right margin. In the ruler, a '<' indicates the right margin
is jagged and a '' indicates the right margin is smooth.

The simple insertion sort was replaced by the much faster Quicksort. The
SortBoxBlock function works the same -- just faster. Computer science
types seem to have a fixation on sorting and searching.

In the DTE 5.1 editor, Doug supported the WordStar/Turbo X command
convention. TDE now supports two-key commands in a generic way. The first
key must be a recognized function key and the second key can be anything,
even a repeat of the first key. The one restriction with two-key commands
is that macros cannot be assigned to two-key combo's.

Now that I own both Microsoft C 7.0 and Borland C 3.1, the source was
changed so both compilers can compile TDE.


New features in TDE 2.1 include:

SetLtabs = ^Tab
SetPtabs = ^Tab, prompts for both Ltabs and Ptabs
BlockCompressTabs = #@C
BlockIndentTabs = #@I
ToggleTabInflate = #@T
DefineDiff = #F11
RepeatDiff = F11
-f pattern files = command line option to define grep
DefineGrep = #F12
RepeatGrep = F12
SwapBlock = #@S
Sort sequence = Config file


Renamed functions:

ReplaceString == ReplaceForward || ReplaceBackward
PanUp == FixedScrollUP
PanDown == FixedScrollDn
PanLeft == ScrollLeft
PanRight == ScrollRight



At work, we may have several versions of one program. For me, I find it
hard to remember which changes were made to which source files. There
are several diff utilities that can point out differences, but I
probably need the edit those differences anyway. The diff options I
find most useful are: setting the diff start, ignore leading space,
ignore all space, ignore blank lines, and ignore end of line. The new
diff function in TDE prompts for the windows and the starting diff
options. Once the diff is defined, press the RepeatDiff key at any time
to find the next diff. With cursor sync turned on, it's easy to move
the cursors to begin the next diff. Any two visible windows may be
diffed. You may even diff windows in the same file, which is really
nice for comparing similar functions, data, or text in separate areas of
a file.

Sort sequences were added for non-English languages: English, Esperanto,
Finnish, French, German, and Swedish. You may customize the sort
sequence in tde.cfg. This function is based on a program by Pierre
Jelenc, [email protected]. Pierre's sort program will handle a much
wider range of alphabets and languages than TDE.

The new SwapBlock function works only with BOX blocks. Every once in a
while, I need to swap rows of numbers or areas of text. The width of
the swap area assumed to be the width of the BOX.


New features in TDE 2.0e include:

BlockRot13 = #@<
BlockFixUUE = #@>
BlockEmailReply = #@?

ROT13 is an informal, voluntary standard used on the networks to send
text that some may consider inappropriate. ROT13 is a convenient way
that allows one to choose whether or not to read the material. To read
the material, one has to make a conscious and deliberate effort to
convert the text into a readable form. ROT13 is also used to hide
answers to questions, puzzles, etc... BlockRot13 alternately converts
ROT13 alpha characters into normal text and hides normal alpha
characters in ROT13.

The most common default for sending large binary files across network
nodes and gateways uses UUencoding; however, some characters in the
UUencode set do not make the trip correctly. On IBM mainframes, the
EBCDIC to ASCII translation don't do right. Although I don't fully
understand why, but, three characters need to be fixed when receiving
text e-mail files, which include UUencoded files, from IBM mainframes.
BlockFixUUE will fix the three characters in a marked block. The three
characters that need to be fixed in text (as opposed to binary) e-mail
files received from IBM mainframes are:

Hex Decimal ASCII

1) 5d ==> 7c 93 ==> 124 ] ==> |
2) d5 ==> 5b 223 ==> 91 ==> [
3) e5 ==> 5d 229 ==> 93 ==> ]


When sending a reply to an e-mail, it is customary to prepend any lines
from the original e-mail with the ">" character. BlockEmailReply
prepends "> " to the original line in an e-mail and prepends ">" to all
replies to replies in a LINE block.



New features in TDE 2.0 include :

DateTimeStamp = ^2 or Control-@ sign
SortBoxBlock, ascending or descending = @S
ToggleSmartTabs = @Tab
Dynamic left margin for writers = @V
Pause, useful with macros = ^P
Recursive macros
Support for Control-Break to stop recursive macros,
sorting, search/replacing, some block operations,
formatting text or paragraph, and printing.
Support for lines as long as 1040 characters.
Improved undo buffer management. There is now room for
the last 10 by 1040 or 130 by 80 deleted lines.
Gathered all prompts into one header file to aid translation
of prompts and documentation into other languages.
Configuration file, option 6 in tdecfg.exe.


The date-time stamp was added to TDE because some users talk with field
units over the phone and the event needs to be date and time stamped.
Users may customize the date to local preferences, eg MM-DD-YY or
DD-MM-YY. The time stamp may use either 12 hour or 24 hour form.

Every once in a while, I need to sort data, names, etc..., in some of my
files. The SortBoxBlock function was added to sort lines according to
the keys in a box block. The keys may be sorted ascending or
descending, while the IGNORE/MATCH toggle determines whether case is
significant. To sort multiple columns, start the sort with the least
significant key first.

I also wrote a handler for the Control-Break interrupt, 0x1B. On IBM
compatible PCs, the Control-Break key generates an interrupt via
hardware. By writing a Control-Break interrupt handler, a user can
immediately gain control of a run-a-way recursive macro, printing job,
most box block operations, expanding tabs, trimming space from line
blocks, formatting a paragraph or text, search/replace, or a sort
operation. Although one may trap Control-C, which is a software
generated interrupt, there is no telling when the operating system will
turn control over to a Control-C handler. One may gain immediate
control with the Control-Break key, however.

The undo-buffer space and management was greatly enhanced. There is now
room for over 200 deleted lines in the buffer. Users may now get back
entire functions that may have been deleted.

All of the prompts in TDE were gathered into one header file to aid the
translation of documentation as well as the user prompts into other
languages. Pierre Jelenc, [email protected] and a member of the Foreign
Language Education Forum (FLEFO) on CompuServe, has translated the
documentation and has created configuration files for several languages.
If you need a non-English version of TDE, contact Pierre to find out if
he has a version of TDE for you.

A configuration file was added so that users may define all function
keys, modes, and colors from a configuration file. Users may also
define macros in the configuration file. Those who need to assign ASCII
and Extended ASCII character to unused function keys will find this
extremely useful. Some alphabets need letters with all kinds of accent
marks.


New features in TDE 1.5 include :

Ruler = @R
Block trim trailing = @T
User defined macros:
Record macro = @F3
Save macros to file = #F1
Load macros from file = #F3
Clear macro buffer = ^ESC
Critical error handler

If by accident you forget to put a diskette in a floppy drive and try to
save a file or if you forget to turn on the printer before printing a
block or file, a critical error occurs. That kind of error is the
infamous Abort, Retry, Ignore thing. A routine was written to give some
information on the kind and the location of those errors when they
occur. The TDE critical error handler gives you all kinds of info and
then prompts you for a response. The timeout for critical errors varies
quite a bit. Some timeouts may take a couple of minutes.

When I "work" at the USDA, I often need to create or massage formatted
data files. Also, a lot of engineers and scientists at the USDA program
in FORTRAN and the source code needs to be in a certain format. When
working with those types of files, it is really useful to have a ruler
that explicitly shows which column the cursor is in. The new ruler in
TDE shows margins, column numbers, and a column pointer.



New features in TDE 1.4 include :

Split screen vertically = F8
Number box block = Alt+N
Directory list = Alt+F1

Also added in tdecfg was a choice of cursor styles and a switch for .bak
files. Both of those options are in the mode section of tdecfg.




Editor fields and information lines:


Sample TDE screen


File number - each window opened to same file has same number
Window letter

Dirty file indicator - asterisk
File name
File attributes
Total number of lines in file
CR, CRLF, BIN mode
line:column


The first line on the screen contains file information

........1..... Optional ruler line ......7........8



File area




Editor modes and information

Insert
Overwrite
^Z at eof?
trim trailing
space at eol, T = TRUE

character under cursor
CRLF or LF at eol?
word wrap indicator
Sync cursor in all windows?
Ignore / Match search case?
Indent mode?
Tab modes = Smart/Fixed, In/Deflate, and ptabs
Available memory for editing files

Total number of windows, including hidden windows
Total number of open files



Multiple keys:

I use the following abbreviated key definitions throughout this file:

^ = Control # = Shift @ = Alt

For example, ^F5 means press and hold the Control key and then press F5
while holding down the Control key.


Cursor movement:

101 Keyboard overview

Cursor keys Keypad keys

Ins Home PgUp NumLockGrey / Grey * Grey -

Del End PgDn Home Up Pg Up Grey
+
Left Center Right

Up End Down Pg Dn Grey

Left Down Right Ins Del Enter



If you like using these grey With Num Lock off,
cursor keys, these function you can probably guess most
assignments are for you. of these function assignments.

Grey cursor keys Keypad keys

Up - move cursor up Home - toggle col 1 & beg of line
Down - move cursor down ^Home - first line in window
Left - move cursor left Pg Up - page up
Right - move cursor right ^Pg Up - goto first page in file
^Up - scroll cursor up Center - move to center of window
^Down - scroll cursor down ^Center - line to center of window
^Left - cursor to previous word End - last character in line
^Right - cursor to next word ^End - last line in window
@Up - pan up Pg Dn - page down
@Down - pan down ^Pg Dn - goto last page in file
@Left - pan left Ins - toggle insert mode
@Right - pan right Del - delete character
@PgUp - horizontal page left ^Del - stream delete character
@PgDn - horizontal page right Grey - - scroll screen up
^#Left - pan left Grey + - scroll screen down
^#Right - pan right ^Grey - - pan up
^Grey + - pan down
Enter - Insert line and move down
#Enter - 1st char in next line
^Enter - column 1 in next line


Function Keys:

I tried to use some logical order when I assigned functions to the
function keys. I use a 101 keyboard most of the time, so it should be
easy to see the logical function grouping with it. The function keys
on a 101 keyboard are placed along the top of the keyboard. Functions
are arranged as follows:


Help File Find/Replace Window
Functions & Diff Commands
F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12


F1 = Instantaneous Help

@F1 = Directory List
List the contents of a directory or matching files. At the
prompt, press enter to list all files in the current directory or
enter any valid subdirectory name, file name, or wild card
characters. You don't have to put a *.* at the end of a
subdirectory name; the directory list function adds those wild
card characters to subdirectory names as a default. A '\' is
added to the end of subdirectory names in the file list. To list
files in other directories, just move the cursor to the desired
subdirectory name and press enter. When you see ..\ in the
directory list, the double periods represent the parent of the
current directory. The .\ represents the current directory. You
may move up and down the directory tree by selecting the parent or
childrens of the current directory.


File Functions:

F2 = Save file
Saves all changes made to file. Existing file is overwritten by
the new file. It does not prompt for a new file name -
automatically assumes you want to overwrite the old file.

F3 = Quit file
Abandons any changes made in the file and closes or kicks the file
out of the current window. If you are editing multiple files or
have multiple windows, TDE searches for any invisible files to
display in the current window. If no invisible windows are found,
TDE combines windows. If this is the only file being edited, F3
quits TDE. If you made any changes to the file, it asks you if
you want to abandon them. You can create an invisible window when
you load in a file over the current file. Nothing happens to the
invisible file or window - you just can't see it.

When I added vertical windows, this routine became a LOT more
complicated. To keep things reasonably sane, let's only close
windows that have three common edges, eg.


no

yes1 yes1
no
yes2

yes2


Windows with 'no' cannot be closed. Windows with 'yes' can be
combined with windows that have the same yes number.


F4 = File (save and quit)
This function is a combination of Save and Quit (F2 & F3 above).

#F2 = Save as
If you don't want to overwrite the original file but you want to
save the contents of the current file, you may save the file under
a different file name. This function prompts you for a file name
to save the changes (press escape to abort).

#F4 = Edit new file
To bring another file into the editor, use this function. It
loads the file into the current window and previous window becomes
invisible. You can even load several copies of the same file. I
like this because I often need to refer back to the original
unchanged file on disk. When I make a booboo in a file, which is
quite often, I don't necessarily want to quit and start over; I
just want to get back the part that I messed up. It is really
easy to mark the original text in a block and copy it to the place
where I made a booboo. Each time a file is loaded into TDE, it is
treated as a different file.

@F2 = Set file attributes
Change the attributes of a file. Attributes are: A = Archive,
S = System, H = Hidden, R = Read-Only. You can change the
attributes of a file so that read-only files can be edited. To
edit a read-only file: 1) edit the file, 2) change the file
attributes to archive, 3) save the changes made in the file, 4)
change the file attributes back to read-only.

@F4 = Edit next file
If you type multiple file names or type wildcard characters on the
command line, press this key to bring in the next file or the next
matching file into the editor.

-f pattern file(s) (Command line DefineGrep)
-g pattern file(s) (Command line DefineRegXGrep)
or
^F12 = DefineRegXGrep
#F12 = DefineGrep
Grep will search files for a pattern and only load those files that
contain pattern. The command line Define Grep works a little
differently than the function key Grep. On the command line, spaces
are interpreted by DOS as delimiters. Therefore, the search pattern
on the command line can not have any embedded spaces. On the other
hand, the Fkey Grep search pattern may contain most any character.

Defining Grep also defines the search pattern. When a file is
loaded, press RepeatFind to go to the next occurrence of pattern.
There are actually two find structures - one for the standard
search function and one for Grep. Defining Grep also defines
the search function. However, redefining the standard search
structure has no effect on the Grep pattern. The Grep pattern
remains defined until another Grep redefines it.

F12 = RepeatGrep
After Grep has been defined, press this key to search the next file
for pattern.


Macros:

@F3 = Macro record
This key toggles macro record off and on. A flashing "Recording"
is displayed in the lite bar, so it shouldn't be too difficult to
tell when record is on. This function assigns a keystroke or a
series of keystrokes to an unused function key. Keystrokes are
played back for some prompts. Prompts that require the user to
input a name or pattern are played back. Prompts that require the
user to enter a choice, "Overwrite existing file (y/n)?" for
example, are not played back.

There is room for 1024 keystrokes in the macro buffer. There are
no restrictions on the length of a single macro. If you want, you
may define one macro that contains 1024 keystrokes. When TDE
terminates, all macros definitions disappear. Macro definitions
are temporary. If you want to reuse macros that are defined
during an editing session, they need to be saved before you exit
TDE.

Recursive Macros

"Recursive" macros are supported. Only one level of recursion is
supported in TDE. Here's a simple example of a recursive macro:

Alt-F3 = turn macro record on
Alt-5 = assign the recording to Alt-5
Down = move cursor down a line
Alt-5 = call the macro we just defined
Alt-F3 = turn macro record off

Enter this macro and press Alt-5 to see what a recursive macro
does. Recursive macros repeatedly execute themselves until an
error condition occurs, which usually happens when the end of file
is reached. I often use recursive macros to delete certain lines
in a file or to rearrange the fields of a formatted data file.

Each editor function in TDE returns a code to the macro processor
that indicates whether or not an error occurred. Here are some
conditions that generate an error: attempting to move the cursor
past the end of file or behind the start of the file, trying to
add too many characters in a line, attempting block operations
with no marked block, etc...

One interesting phenomenon about recursive macros is that a macro
can be defined that never terminates. The simplest
non-terminating macro definition in TDE is:

Alt-F3 = turn macro record on
Alt-7 = assign the recording to Alt-7
Alt-7 = call the macro we just defined
Alt-F3 = turn macro record off

This a+7 macro carries out no instructions. The only thing this
macro does is call itself. In a perfect world, this macro will
execute forever. There are lots of ways to create non-terminating
recursive macros. Be creative and try creating a few non-
terminating recursive macros yourself. With several different
sizes and shapes of horizontal and vertical windows on the screen
and with cursor sync toggled on, you can create some really neat
macros using cursor movement keys. If you get tired of waiting
for forever, just press Control-Break to stop any macro.

A Really Neat Recursive Macro

Here's a really neat recursive macro that you might try with
cursor sync turned off. Edit a fairly large file, one with at
least a 1000 lines, and move the cursor to line 500 or the half
way point. Then, split the screen into several vertical windows
with about 15 columns in each window , e.g.:





start





With cursor sync turned off and macro record turned on, define a
macro that 1) moves the cursor down in one window, 2) goes to the
next window and moves the cursor up, 3) goes to the next window
and moves the cursor down, 4) when the cursor finally makes it
back to the starting window, make the macro recursive. Suppose
the cursor is in the window labeled "start" in the sample screen
above. Here's the way the keystrokes in this macro would be
recorded:


Alt-F3 = turn macro record on
Alt-8 = assign this macro to Alt-8
Down = move cursor down in "start" window
F10 = next window
Up = move cursor up
F10 = next window
Down = move cursor down
F10 = next window
Down = move cursor down
F10 = next window
Up = move cursor up
F10 = next window - cursor is now in "start"
Alt-8 = call the macro just defined. it's now recursive.
Alt-F3 = turn macro record off

Press Alt-8 and watch a really neat recursive macro.


#F1 = Save macro file
Saves all macro definitions to a file. TDE prompts for the macro
file name.

#F3 = Load macro file
Prompts for a search pattern or file name. I can never remember
macro file or path names, so this function uses a file pick list.

^ESC = Clear macros
Resets or clears all macros.

^P = Pause
When this function is part of a macro, press any key to continue
the macro or press ESC to halt or break the macro.


Find and Search/Replace:

TDE uses the Boyer-Moore search algorithm for finding strings. Typically,
the longer the search pattern the faster the search. So, if you want to
speed up searches, try searching for longer patterns, e.g. phrases.

^F5 = Toggle search case
You can toggle the case of the search flag at any time, even
after you define the search pattern.

#F5 = find forward
To define the search pattern, use this function. It prompts you
for the search pattern. The pattern is defined, across files,
until changed.

#F6 = find backward
Same as find forward except search backward in file.

F5 = Repeat find forward
Once the search pattern has been defined (Shift F5 or Shift F6),
you can press this key at any time in any file to find the next
occurrence of pattern. I decided to use two sets of functions to
perform searches. Once I found a pattern, I might do some editing
and then find the next occurrence. I hate to define the search
pattern over and over or set the search direction over and over.
This function does a wrap search - when it reaches the eof it
starts over at the beginning of the file.

F6 = Repeat find backward
Like repeat find forward, you can press this key at anytime once
the search pattern has been defined.

Repeat find forward2
Like F5 except the cursor is not repositioned to the middle of the
screen. This function is useful when working with data files.

Repeat find backward2
Like F6 except the cursor is not repositioned to the middle of the
screen.

#F8 = Replace String
This function prompts you for the search pattern and the
replacement text. It also prompts for the replace direction. If
you want to match the search case, remember to toggle the search
flag, which can be done at any time. You can either do prompt or
no prompt replacing. Regardless of prompt or no prompt
replacing, this function actually moves the cursor to the pattern
and displays it on the screen and replaces the text. If you are
using TDE on a slow machine, you can see the search/replace taking
place. I implemented the function this way because I just like to
see what the search/replace function is doing. Press
Control-Break to stop no prompt replacing.

#F7 = FindRegX
Prompts for regular expression to find. Press F1 for a help table.

F7 = RepeatFindRegX
Once a regular expression is defined, find next regular expression.

@F7 = RepeatFindRegXBackward
Once a regular expression is defined, find previous reg ex.


Diff Functions:

#F11 = DefineDiff
This function initializes diff. It prompts for the window number
and letter to diff, ignore leading space, ignore all space, ignore
blank lines, ignore case, and ignore end of line. Any two windows
may be diffed. Diff only requires that the windows be visible.

Diff prompts

DIFF: Enter first window number and letter (e.g. 1a) :
DIFF: Enter next window number and letter (e.g. 2a) :
DIFF: Start diff at (B)eginning of file or (C)urrent position? (b/c)
DIFF: Ignore leading spaces (y/n)?
DIFF: Ignore all space (y/n)?
DIFF: Ignore blank lines (y/n)?
DIFF: Ignore end of line (useful with reformatted paragraphs) (y/n)?

F11 = RepeatDiff
Once the diff has been defined, press RepeatDiff to find the next
diff.


Window Functions:

F8 = Split window vertically
Splits the screen at the current cursor location. The current
file is displayed in multiple windows. Changes to a file are
echoed in all windows opened to the same copy of that file. You
can also see any marked blocks in the same copy of the file in
different windows. There has to be at least 15 columns in any
window, so the number of visible windows is limited by the display
screen.

F9 = Split window horizontally
Splits the screen at the current cursor location. There has to be
at least 1 text line in any window, so the number of visible
windows is limited by the display screen.

#F9 = Resize window
Sometimes there is a need to concentrate on the contents of one
window. Use the up and down arrow keys to adjust the current
window to desired size. Changing the size of the top window is
not allowed.

^F9 = Zoom window
Makes the current window fill the whole screen. All windows

except the current window become invisible.

F10 = Next window
If more than one window is displayed, you can press one key to
move to the next window.

#F10 = Previous window
Move to previous window - opposite of next window.

^F10 = Next Hidden Window
Displays "hidden" or "invisible" windows in the same place as the
current window. The current window then becomes invisible.


Block Commands:

Block operations can be done within or between files. Operations on
line blocks that move text are carried out on the line immediately
below the cursor. Operations on box or stream blocks that move text
begin at the column of the cursor. Press Control-Break to stop most Box
operations. Nearly all Line and Stream operations happen so fast that
you can't stop them once they are started.

@B - Mark Box Block
This key is used to mark both the beginning and ending corner of
a box block.

@L - Mark Line Block
This key is similar to the operation of the box block, but entire
lines are marked.

@X - Mark Stream Block
All the text between the beginning and ending column, sorta like a
stream of characters, is marked. Useful with sentences.

@U - Unmark Block
If you make a booboo when marking blocks, press @U to unmark the
block and start over. After certain block operations, the block
may remain marked.

@G - Group Delete block
Sorta self explanatory. This function deletes the text in the
marked block.

@M - Move block
Move the cursor to the desired location and press @M to move the
marked block. In line mode, the text is moved to the line
immediately below the cursor. In box and stream mode, the block
is moved to the column of the cursor.

@C - Copy block
With line blocks, the block is copied to the line below the
cursor. With box and stream blocks, the block is copied
beginning at the column of the cursor. If you try to copy a
Line block within itself, the block copy starts at the first
line immediately after the marked block.

@K - Kopy block
Same as copy block except block stays marked. It's sorta like a
poor man's cut-and-paste buffer.

@O - Overlay block
You can only overlay Box blocks. The original block stays marked
after the operation.

@F - Fill box block
Fills the marked Box block with character. This function is
useful for filling in a column of periods for tables and such.

@N - Number box block
TDE prompts you for the starting number, the increment, and
whether to left or right justify the numbers. TDE only handles
integers - no floating point numbers are allowed. I felt that
there were too many things involved in real numbers, eg. number
of significant places to left of decimal, to right of decimal,
exponents, engineering form, scientific form, etc.... If you
want real numbers, just use a combination of the number box
and fill box functions. Use the fill box function to make a
column of decimals and the number box function to number the left
and right side of the decimal.

@P - Print block
Prints the block to the PRN device. I haven't tried redirecting
the PRN, but it should work. This function prompts for block or
file to print. Press Control-Break to stop printing.

@S - Sort box block
Lines are sorted, ascending or descending, using the contents of
the box block as the sort keys. The Ignore/Match toggle
determines whether case of the keys is significant. To sort
multiple columns, sort the least significant column first. Press
Control-Break to stop.

#@S - Swap block
Swap block only works with BOX blocks. The area to be swapped
is assumed to be the width of the BOX block. Make sure the
cursor is at the top left corner of the area to swap before
swapping.

@W - Write block to file
Writes the marked block to a file. TDE prompts for the file
name.

@E - Block expand tabs
Expands the tabs in the marked block, which must be a LINE block,
using the current tab setting. Press Control-Break to stop.

@T - Block trim trailing
Trims trailing space, if any, at the end of each line in a LINE
block. Press Control-Break to stop.

@< - Block upper case
Convert all lower case characters in the block to upper case.
Our old IBM mainframe line printers can only print upper case.

@> - Block lower case
Convert all upper case characters in the block to lower case.

@? - Block strip high bit
Strip the high bit off all characters in the block. This function
is useful when editing files produced by WordStar.

#@< - BlockRot13
Convert all alpha characters in a block using ROT13.

#@> - BlockFixUUE
Fixes the EBCDIC to ASCII problem with text e-mail.

#@? - BlockEmailReply
Prepends the customary "> " or ">" to e-mail replies to lines in a
LINE block.


Word Processing Commands:

@V - toggle word wrap
Toggle word wrap between off, Fixed Wrap, and Dynamic Wrap. In
Fixed Wrap mode, the left margin is explicitly determined by the
left margin setting. In Dynamic Wrap mode, the left margin is
determined by the indentation of the current line. Writers may
find the Dynamic Wrap mode easier to use. If the cursor is
somewhere in the line, words are pushed to the next line.

In TDE, other than margins, word wrap and format paragraph or
format text have nothing to do with each other. Word wrap is
used to push characters or the cursor to the next line when the
right margin is violated. Format paragraph and format text can
be used at any time - they do not depend on the state of the
WordWrap flag.

^F6 - Set Left margin
May be set to any column equal to or greater than 1 and less than
the right margin.

^F7 - Set Right margin
May be set to any column greater than the left margin and less
than the maximum line length or 1040.

^F8 - Set Paragraph margin
The paragraph margin may be set to any column less than the right
margin.

format paragraph - not currently assigned to a key
Text is formatted from the beginning of the paragraph according
to the current left, right, and paragraph margins. If the cursor
is not on the beginning line of a paragraph, TDE searches for
start of the paragraph and formatting starts there. The entire
paragraph is formatted according to the margins.

^B - Format Text
Text is formatted from the cursor onward. This function does not
search for the beginning of the paragraph to start the format.

@F8 - Left justify
Beginning of current line is adjusted to start at left margin

@F9 - Right justify
End of current line is adjusted so it ends at the right margin

@F10 - Center justify
Current line is centered between the left and right margins.


Tabs:

Tab
If in insert mode, insert the appropriate number of spaces for a
tab and move the cursor left. If in overwrite mode, just move
the cursor left w/o inserting text.

#Tab
Move cursor to previous tab.

^Tab
Set ptabs and ltabs.

@Tab
Toggle smart tab mode. Smart tab positions are determined by
looking for the first, previous, non-blank line above the cursor
and then positioning the cursor at the beginning of the next or
previous word from the column of the cursor. It's useful for
building tables and formatted data files.

#@T
Toggle TabInflate mode. In TabInflate mode, tabs are not
physically expanded. Tabs are filled with space to give the
illusion of physical expansion.


Toggles:

^F1
Toggle cursor sync. Only cursor movement commands are synced.
Commands that change text are not synced.

^F2
Toggle eol display. A special character is displayed in the
column of the actual new line.

^F3
Toggle writing , , or nothing at end of line. TDE
will read a text file with lines that end in either method;
however, you may want to write the file in a different method.
I think *nix systems only want a of the end of line.

^F4
Toggle trimming trailing space at the end of line. A 'T' is
displayed in the bottom right of the mode line to indicate
trailing space is trimmed.

^F5 = Toggle search or sort case
You can toggle the case flag at any time, even after you define
the search pattern.

Ins
Toggle between insert and overwrite mode.

@I
Toggle between indent and no indent mode. In indent mode, TDE
searches for the first non-blank character on previous lines and
places the cursor on that column when a carriage return is
pressed. When backspacing in indent mode, TDE lines up the
indentation with the first non-blank character of the previous
line(s).

@R - Toggle ruler
Toggle display of ruler in all visible windows.

@V - toggle word wrap
Toggle word wrap between Off, Fixed Wrap, and Dynamic Wrap.

@Z
Toggle writing Control Z at the end of file. Some programs may
misbehave if a Control Z is not at the end of the file.


Other keys:

Enter
Insert a newline at the cursor. If the cursor is in the middle of
a line, the line is split at the cursor. Indentation is matched
if the editor is in the Indent mode.

#Enter
Move the cursor down a line. The cursor is placed on the first
non-blank character in the next line. No lines are added to the
file.

^Enter
Move the cursor down a line. The cursor is placed on column 1 in
the next line. No lines are added to the file.

Up (arrow)
Move cursor up.

Down (arrow)
Move cursor down.

Left (arrow)
Move cursor left.

Right (arrow)
Move cursor right.

Home
Toggles between the first non-blank character and column zero.

End
Move cursor to the end of line character.

Page Up
Move cursor up one page.

Page Down
Move cursor down one page.

^Right
Move cursor one word right.

^Left
Move cursor one word left.

^#Right (Control+Shift+Right)
Pan the screen one character to the right.

^#Left (Control+Shift+Left)
Pan the screen one character to the left.

^Home
Move cursor to first line on screen.

^End
Move cursor to last line on screen.

^Page Up
Move cursor to first page in file.

^Page Down
Move cursor to last page in file.

Zip to line
Move to line number. TDE prompts for line number. Press Escape
to abort.

Center
The cursor is moved to the center of the current window.

^Center
The line the cursor is on is moved to the center of the current
window.

Grey - (on the key pad) or
^Down
Scroll window up with cursor staying on same line in file.

Grey + (on the key pad) or
^Up
Scroll window down with cursor staying on same line in file.

@Grey Up (the arrow in the cursor/control cluster) or
^Grey - (grey - on keypad)
Cursor stays on same line of the screen as the file scrolls up.

@Grey Down (the arrow in the cursor/control cluster) or
^Grey + (grey + on keypad)
Cursor stays on same line of the screen as the file scrolls down.

@Grey PgUp
Horizontal page left.

@Grey PgDn
Horizontal page right.

ESC - undo line
Get back the original unchanged line. When cursor is moved off a
line, all changes to the file are made and there is no way to get
back the contents of a line.

Del
Delete the character, if any, under the cursor.

^Del
Delete the characters in the file as if they were a stream.
Lines will be joined at the cursor and eventually every
character in the file may be deleted.

Backspace
Delete the character to the left of the cursor and move left. If
the cursor is on the first column of a line, the current line is
joined with the line above. If in indent mode and the cursor is
on the first non-blank character, TDE matches the indentation of
the previous line(s).

@=
Duplicates the current line.

@-
Deletes the text from the cursor to the end of line.

^Y
Deletes current line, cursor does not move.

@D
Deletes current line, cursor does not move (exactly same as ^Y).

@Y or ^U
Undelete the most recently deleted line. The undelete buffer has
room for 200 lines of deleted text. If more than 200 lines are
deleted, the oldest line(s) are pushed out before the new one is
added. You may press ^U repeatedly to undelete all lines in the
buffer.

Deleted lines from line delete, delete to end of line, word
delete, join line, and backspace are stored in the undelete
buffer.

@A
Add a blank line below cursor.

^_ or Control underline
Split line at column of cursor. If in indent mode, the split line
is autoindented.

@J
Join the current line with the line below.

^]
Paren Balance.

@1 - @3
Set a file marker. Each file may have up to 3 markers.

#@1 - #@3 (Shift+Alt+1 thru Shift+Alt+3)
Goto a previously defined file marker.


^@ (Control+At sign -- not Control+Alt. Control+At sign is the first
character in the ASCII character set, Control+2 on many keyboards)
Writes the current system date and time at the column of the
cursor. Use tdecfg to set the desired year and time format.

Control-Break
In TDE, Control-Break will stop printing, sorting,
search/replacing, and recursive macros.



WordStar style commands:

A limited number of WordStar style commands are implemented in TDE. I
have no plans, whatsoever, to implement any additional WordStar style
commands. This implementation may not correspond exactly to the
WordStar command convention. WordStar is a trademark of WordStar
International.

^A - word left
^B - format text
^C - screen down
^D - character right
^E - line up
^F - word right
^G - delete character
^H - backspace
^I - tab
^J - help
^K - n/a
^L - n/a
^M - return (carriage control, enter)
^N - add line below cursor
^O - n/a
^P - n/a
^Q - n/a
^R - page up
^S - character left
^T - word delete
^U - undelete line
^V - toggle insert mode
^W - scroll up line
^X - line down
^Y - delete line
^Z - scroll line down
^\ - redraw screen


Editor command summary:

Function Description

Help Display instantaneous help screen
Rturn Insert newline and move down while matching indentation
NextLine Move cursor to first character in next line
BegNextLine Move cursor to first column in next line
LineDown Move cursor down a line
LineUp Move cursor up a line
CharRight Move cursor right one character
CharLeft Move cursor left one character
PanRight Pan screen one character right
PanLeft Pan screen one character left
WordRight Move cursor to beginning of next word
WordLeft Move cursor to beginning of previous word
ScreenDown Page screen down
ScreenUp Page screen up
EndOfFile Move to the last page in a file
TopOfFile Move to the first page in a file
BotOfScreen Move cursor to bottom of current window
TopOfScreen Move cursor to top of current window
EndOfLine Move cursor to end of line
BegOfLine Move cursor to first character in line or column 1
JumpToLine Move cursor to line entered by user
CenterWindow Move cursor to center of current window
CenterLine Move current line and cursor to center of window
HorizontalScreenRight Page screen right
HorizontalScreenLeft Page screen left
ScrollDnLine Scroll screen down 1 line and cursor moves with line
ScrollUpLine Scroll screen up 1 line and cursor moves with line
PanUp Scroll screen up 1 line and cursor does not move
PanDn Scroll screen down 1 line and cursor does not move
ToggleOverWrite Toggle insert/overwrite mode and cursor changes shape
ToggleSmartTabs Toggle smart tab mode on/off
ToggleIndent Toggle indent mode on/off
ToggleWordWrap Toggle word wrap on/off
ToggleCRLF Toggle CRLF/LF at eol when writing file to disk
ToggleTrailing Toggle trim trailing space at eol
ToggleZ Toggle writing ^Z at eof
ToggleEol Toggle display of eol character
ToggleSync Toggle cursor sync
ToggleRuler Toggle ruler display
ToggleTabInflate Toggle expanding tabs in display
SetTabs Set file tabs
SetLeftMargin Set left margin
SetRightMargin Set right margin
SetParagraphMargin Set paragraph margin
FormatParagraph Format the entire paragraph according to margins
FormatText Format from the cursor line to end of paragraph
LeftJustify Left justify a line
RightJustify Right justify a line
CenterJustify Center justify a line
Tab Move cursor to next tab and add spaces if insert mode
BackTab Move cursor to previous tab and delete if insert mode
ParenBalance Match (), {}, or [] under the cursor
BackSpace Delete previous character
DeleteChar Delete current character, but do not join lines
StreamDeleteChar Delete current character and join lines if at eol
DeleteLine Delete current line
DelEndOfLine Delete from the cursor to the eol
WordDelete Delete from the cursor to the end of word
AddLine Insert a blank line under the cursor
SplitLine Split the current line at the cursor
JoinLine Join next line with current line at the cursor
DuplicateLine Duplicate the current line
AbortCommand Abort editor functions
UndoLine Get back the original contents of a line
UndoDelete Get back up to the last 200 lines deleted text
ToggleSearchCase Toggle match/ignore search case or sort case
FindForward Prompt for pattern and search forward
FindBackward Prompt for pattern and search backward
RepeatFindForward1 Repeat find forward and adjust cursor if needed
RepeatFindForward2 Repeat find forward and do not adjust cursor
RepeatFindBackward1 Repeat find backward and adjust cursor if needed
RepeatFindBackward2 Repeat find backward and do not adjust cursor
ReplaceString Search and replace pattern forward/backward
DefineDiff Define starting diff options
RepeatDiff Find the next diff
MarkBox Mark start or end of a box block
MarkLine Mark start or end of a line block
MarkStream Mark start or end of a stream block
UnMarkBlock Unmark a block
FillBlock Fill a box block with prompted character
NumberBlock Fill a box block with starting number using increment
CopyBlock Copy a block to cursor and unmark block
KopyBlock Copy a block to cursor and leave block marked
MoveBlock Move a block to cursor and unmark block
OverlayBlock Overlay a box block
DeleteBlock Delete a block
SwapBlock Swap contents of BOX block w/ cursor
BlockToFile Write a marked block to a file
PrintBlock Print a block or file
BlockExpandTabs Expand tabs in marked LINE block using tab setting
BlockCompressTabs Compress space to tabs in LINE block
BlockIndentTabs Compress leading space to tabs in LINE block
BlockTrimTrailing Trim trailing space from all lines in a line block
BlockUpperCase Convert all lower case in block to upper case
BlockLowerCase Convert all upper case in block to lower case
BlockRot13 Rotate alpha characters by 13
BlockFixUUE Fix the ASCII-EBCDIC translation problem
BlockEmailReply Prepend '>' to included mail blocks
BlockStripHiBit Strip the high bit from all characters in block
SortBoxBlock Sort line according to keys in box block
DateTimeStamp Insert system time and date
EditFile Editor prompts for file to edit
DirList List matching files in subdirectories
File Save file and quit window
Save Save file
SaveAs Save file under a new file name
SetFileAttributes Set current file attributes
EditNextFile Edit next file on command line
DefineGrep Initial simple pattern and search files
RepeatGrep Search and load next file that contains pattern
RedrawScreen Redraw the screen
SizeWindow Change size of current window
SplitHorizontal Split current window horizontally
SplitVertical Split current window vertically
NextWindow Move to next window
PreviousWindow Move to previous window
ZoomWindow Make current window the maximum window size
NextHiddenWindow Switch to next hidden window
SetMark1 Set a file marker
SetMark2
SetMark3
GotoMark1 Move cursor to previously defined marker
GotoMark2
GotoMark3
RecordMacro Record keystrokes
PlayBack Used in config file - play back keystrokes
SaveMacro Save macro to a file
LoadMacro Load macro from a file
ClearAllMacros Clear the macro buffer
Pause Pause a macro
Quit Quit current window and file and abandon changes
NextDirtyLine Move cursor to next dirty line, if it exists.
PrevDirtyLine Move cursor to previous dirty line, if it exists.
FindRegX Prompt for regular expression to find
RepeatFindRegX Find next regular expression
RepeatFindRegXBackward Find previous regular expression
DefineRegXGrep Initialize grep function
PullDown Pop-up Pull-down menu