VEDIT Jr.



General Purpose Text Editor

One of the VEDIT Family of Editors


Version 1.1


Manual Written By:

Theodore Green and Charles Scott


Programmed By:

Theodore Green & Thomas Burt



Greenview Data, Inc.
2773 Holyoke Lane
Ann Arbor, MI 48103

Telephone: (313) 996-1300
Fax: (313) 996-1308
BBS (2400 baud): (313)-996-1304
BBS (9600 buad): (313)-996-1315



Copyright (C) 1990-1991 by Greenview Data, Inc. All rights reserved
worldwide. No part of this publication may be reproduced, in any form
or by any means, for any purpose without the express written permission
of Greenview Data.


DISCLAIMER

Greenview Data, Inc. and the authors make no claims or warranties with
respect to the contents or accuracy of this publication, or the product
it describes, including any warranties of fitness or merchantability for
a particular purpose. Any stated or expressed warranties are in lieu of
all obligations or liability for any damages, whether special, indirect,
or consequential, arising out of or in connection with the use of this
publication or the product it describes. Furthermore, the right is
reserved to make any changes to this publication without obligation to
notify any person of such changes.




Last Manual Revision: Dec. 21, 1991















TRADEMARKS

VEDIT, V-SPELL and V-PRINT are trademarks of Greenview Data, Inc.

MS-DOS, OS/2 and Xenix are trademarks of Microsoft.

UNIX is a trademark of American Telephone & Telegraph.

IBM and IBM PC are trademarks of International Business Machines.

Ventura Publisher is a registered trademark of Ventura Software, Inc.

WordStar is a registered trademark of MicroPro International Corp.

Word Perfect is a trademark of WordPerfect Corp.

Turbo Lightning and SuperKey are trademarks of Borland International.




























2


VEDIT Jr. Table of Contents


Table of Contents
------------------------------------------------------------------------

Chapter 1 - Introduction 5

Welcome to VEDIT Jr. 5
Main Features 6
VEDIT and VEDIT PLUS 7
V-PRINT and V-SPELL 8
System Requirements 10
Using this Manual 10
Notation 12

Chapter 2 - Getting Started 13

Installation 13
IBM PCDOS/MS-DOS Automated Installation 13
IBM PCDOS/MS-DOS Manual Installation 15
Checking Your CONFIG.SYS and
AUTOEXEC.BAT files 16
PATH Command 16
VEDPATH Environment Variable 17
Testing Your Installation 17
Getting Started Fast 19
Running VEDIT Jr. with Floppy Disks 19
Description of Files on Disk 20
Keyboard Layout 20
Notes on Normal Layout 21
"Normal" IBM PC Keyboard Layout 22

Chapter 3 - Quick Tutorial 25
Starting VEDIT Jr. 25
Entering New Text 26
Moving the Cursor 26
Deleting Text 27
Typing Beyond the Visible Screen Area 28
Line and Column Numbers 29
Quick Cursor Movement 29
Undo 31
Using Menus 32
Answering a Prompt 33
Response History 34
Exiting the Menu System 35
Context Sensitive Help 35
Keyboard Help 36
General Help 37
Printing Text 38
Repeating Operations 39
Saving Your Work 40
The "Escape" Menu 40
Exiting VEDIT Jr. 41

Chapter 4 - Editing Guide 43


3


VEDIT Jr. Table of Contents



Starting (Invoking) VEDIT Jr. 44
Invocation Options 43
Fast Browse Mode 45
"VEDIT" Environment Variable 45
Exiting VEDIT Jr. 46
Backup Files 47
The Status Line 47
Using Menus 49
Responding to Prompts 51
Point and Shoot File Selection 52
On-Line Help 54
Modifying the Help File 55
Mouse Support 56
Menu System 56
Scroll Bars 57
"Stealth" Scroll Bars and the Right Button 57
Block Operations 58
Search/Replace Options 59
Notes on Mouse Operation 59
Keyboard Characters and Screen Display 60
Entering Control and Graphics Characters 60
How Control and Grpahics Characters are
Displayed 60
End of Line Handling (DOS and UNIX files) 61
The Key and Tab Characters 62
Lower and Upper Case Conversion 63
Key Emulation Modes 64
Other Keyboard Input Options (Technical) 65
Other Screen Display Issues (Technical) 65
Keystroke Macros 66
Scrolling the Screen 68
Vertical Scrolling 68
Horizontal Scrolling 68
Wrapping Long Lines on the Screen 69
Block Operations 70
Marking (selecting) a Block of Text 70
What exactly does the block include? 71
Copying/Moving Text Within Your File 71
[BLOCK COPY] and [BLOCK MOVE] 72
The Text Register 72
Columnar Blocks 73
Columnar Block Examples 73
Search and Replace 77
Pattern Matching 77
Word Procesing Functions 80
Definition of "Word" and "Paragraph" 80
Indenting Text (Left Margin) 81
Word Wrap (Right Margin) 82
Formatting and Justifying Paragraphs 82
Offset Paragraphs 83
Justification 84



4


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 1 Introduction


Chapter 1 - Introduction
------------------------------------------------------------------------


Welcome to Vedit Jr.!
---------------------

Purpose of Program
------------------

VEDIT Jr. is a full featured text editor intended for program
development, text preparation and the editing of any text or binary
files you will ever encounter. It is ideal for writing assembly
language and structured programs (C, Pascal, PL/I) and lengthy documents
such as reports or manuscripts. It is also well suited for the
preparation of text files being used with Desktop Publishing packages
such as Xerox's Ventura Publisher (tm).


Simple, Yet Powerful
--------------------

VEDIT Jr. is simple enough to learn and use for the novice, yet has the
speed, flexibility and power to satisfy the most demanding computer
professional. It offers a rich assortment of editing capabilities,
simple menu operation, complete on-line help facilities, and the ability
to edit text and binary files of any size (even 100 Megabyte or larger).


Totally Configurable
--------------------

The comprehensive configuration lets you completely determine your own
keyboard layout and select numerous default settings to configure
VEDIT Jr. to your particular hardware, applications and personal
preferences. By using the available options and "keystroke macros"
VEDIT Jr. can very closely emulate other editors and word processors.

An easy to use installation program for the IBM PC permits a quick, menu
driven selection of the most common configurations of VEDIT Jr. This
includes selecting from the normal keyboard layout (used in this manual)
or from a WordStar or Word Perfect layout.


VEDIT Family of Editors
-----------------------

VEDIT Jr. is one of the VEDIT Family of Editors which also includes
VEDIT and VEDIT PLUS. The VEDIT family is available for virtually every
computer running under the PCDOS, MS-DOS (IBM and non-IBM compatible),
UNIX 286/386/486, XENIX, QNX, Concurrent DOS, FlexOS and IBM 4680
operating systems. Attractive pricing is available for additional
machines and for educational, OEM and site licensing.


5


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 1 Introduction


Main Features
-------------

* Edit any text or binary files of up to 2 Gigabytes (that's 2000
megabytes). Virtual file buffering automatically handles files
larger than what will fit into memory.

* Pull-down menu system. Easy access to most editing functions.
Editing functions can also be quickly accessed with "hot keys" which
bypass the menu system -- the menu system does not slow down
proficient users.

* Unlimited keystroke macros. Any combination of keystrokes can be
assigned to a single key. Allows single key access to menu functions
and creation of custom editing functions. Keystroke macros may be
built into VEDIT Jr., saved to and loaded from disk.

* Context sensitive help. Pressing the help key gives you precisely
the information you need at the moment. The help text is user
changeable and expandable. Add your own help prompts and messages,
even create on-line help for other programs you use.

* Multi-level Undo. Up to hundreds of the most recent edit changes can
be reversed either step by step or line by line. Deleted text can be
re-inserted in its original position or anywhere else.

* Automatic indenting simplifies editing of structured programs;
advantageous for word processing. Check for proper nesting of
parentheses, e.g. "{" and "}", aids C programming.

* Execute single DOS commands (DIR, compilers, V-SPELL, etc.) or enter
DOS and return later.

* Flexible block operations can process text on a character, line or
column basis. Blocks may be moved or copied directly, or a text
register (scratch-pad buffer) may be used for more flexible "cut and
paste" operations. Blocks can be copied from one file to another.

* Powerful search and replace. Supports sophisticated pattern
matching, reverse searching, selective and global replace. Previous
search strings can be quickly accessed.

* Flexible printing with variable margins and page size. Print a block
of text or the entire file with single, double or triple spacing.
V-PRINT, a powerful print formatter is available.

* ASCII table. Pop up the ASCII table or insert any desired control,
printer or graphic character into the text. IBM PC box drawing
characters are easily accessed.

* Horizontal scrolling for editing long lines -- spreadsheets, program
listings. Optionally, long lines can be wrapped onto multiple screen
lines.


6


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 1 Introduction



* Fully adjustable tab positions. The key can enter a tab
character or, optionally, spaces to the next tab position.

* Word processing. Word wrap, paragraph formatting between adjustable
margins, optional justification, printing. (Does NOT enter any
"special" control character into the text.) Can read/write WordStar
compatible files. V-SPELL, a high performance spelling corrector is
available.

* Word processor emulation. VEDIT Jr. can closely emulate other
editors and word processors. Contains options for emulating common
cursor positioning modes, other block operations, various styles of
searching, functions performed by the and keys and much
more.

* Totally configurable. The keyboard layout is completely configurable
-- assign any key to any function. Any desired number of keystroke
macros can be built in. Default settings of all switches,
parameters, options and screen colors can be configured.
Configurable tab-fill and "newline" display characters. Provides
selectable hardware/software cursor, cursor blink rate (or no blink)
and much more.


VEDIT and VEDIT PLUS
--------------------

VEDIT and VEDIT PLUS are upwards compatible from VEDIT Jr. and have many
additional features. Should your editing needs outgrow VEDIT Jr., you
can easily move to VEDIT or VEDIT PLUS.

Your $29 registration fee for VEDIT Jr. may be applied to your purchase
of VEDIT or VEDIT PLUS when you purchase directly from Greenview Data
and your purchase is made within six (6) months.

The additional features in VEDIT include:

* Multiple file editing. Simultaneously edit up to 37 files, each of
any size.

* Flexible windowing. Optionally display each file you are editing in
its own variable sized window. Different parts of one file can be
displayed in separate windows. Any window can be zoomed to full
screen.

* Hexadecimal and EBCDIC editing. Any window can be toggled to
different modes for editing in ASCII, EBCDIC or Hexadecimal. A split
screen with simultaneous editing in different modes is also possible.

* Integrated compiler support. Popular compilers, assemblers, linkers,
debuggers and Make programs can be run from within VEDIT. The cursor
will be automatically positioned on source code lines containing


7


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 1 Introduction


compilation errors. Very flexible and configurable; easily support
new/custom compilers.

* Search/replace with regular expressions. A full implementation of
Unix style regular expressions permits more sophisticated search and
replace operations.

VEDIT PLUS has all the features of VEDIT and adds a powerful macro
programming language:

* Over 150 commands. Commands can be combined to create powerful
"macros" which save you time by automating complex editing
operations. Macros can be saved to disk and loaded from disk.

* Complete macro programming language with looping, Repeat-Until,
If-Then, If-Then-Else, conditional Jump. Numeric, character and
string testing.

* Auto-execution. A file containing macro commands can be specified
for automatic execution when VEDIT PLUS is invoked.

* Complete numerical capability with 24 bit resolution (+/- 8,388,607).
100 "variables", expression evaluation with numerical, logical and
relational functions. On-line algebraic calculator.

* Interactive input and output with complete screen and window control.
Creating, deleting, size, position and color of windows is fully
programmable.

* (DOS only) Access to hardware. Memory and I/O ports can be examined
and modified. DOS functions, BIOS functions and interrupts can be
directly called.


V-PRINT and V-SPELL
-------------------

V-PRINT and V-SPELL work with VEDIT Jr. to give you a complete word
processing system. Both V-PRINT and V-SPELL can be run from within
VEDIT Jr. with a single keystroke, letting you instantly print or spell
check the current document.


V-PRINT Document Formatter
--------------------------

V-PRINT is a powerful document (text) formatter which handles the
details of page layout, including headers, footers, automatic page
numbering, indenting and justification.

V-PRINT not only handles the details of page layout, but also has
facilities for automatic index and table of contents generation,
underlining, overstriking, multiple font support for popular printers


8


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 1 Introduction


and much more. Multiple files can be included in your document at print
time with an "Include" statement. Single sheets, continuous forms and
any selected page range can be printed.

Combining VEDIT Jr. with V-PRINT gives you the capabilities of a full
featured word processor. Both are particularly well suited to handling
long documents such as reports, manuals and manuscripts.

A table of contents and index can be generated by V-PRINT. The index
can contain both words which appear in the text and "concepts" which are
not explicitly mentioned in the text. V-PRINT also allows the Table of
Contents and the Index to be edited before final printing. List price
$79.


V-SPELL Spelling Corrector
--------------------------

This is the ultimate spelling corrector that proofreads 50 pages (100
Kbytes) of text in 30 seconds (on an IBM PC/AT), displays misspelled
words in context and can instantly suggest corrections for any
misspelling. Since it automatically corrects the words in the document,
there is no need to go back to the word processor. The 70,000 word main
dictionary is expandable--you can have your own supplemental
dictionaries and/or merge them into the main dictionary. You can even
create your own main dictionary. Not only VEDIT Jr., but most popular
word processors are supported.

For typesetting, desktop publishing and other applications, V-SPELL can
perform file hyphenation by inserting "soft hyphens" in all words of a
document. Since the hyphenation points are built into the dictionary,
you can be sure it is 100% correct -- no error-prone algorithms are
used! List price $79.






















9


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 1 Introduction


System Requirements
-------------------

The DOS version requires:

* MS-DOS or PCDOS version 2.0 or later, or a compatible DOS such as DR
DOS or Concurrent DOS. DesqView and Microsoft Windows are also
supported.

* An IBM PC, XT, AT, PS/2 or compatible computer. Some "near"
compatibles such as the Tandy 2000 and Sanyo 550 are also supported.

* At least 196 Kbytes of memory. (At least 100K of memory must be free
after DOS is loaded.)

* A hard disk is highly recommended, but VEDIT Jr. can be installed on,
and will run from, a floppy disk. A minimum of 64K for the VJ.EXE is
required, the optional 60K help file is highly recommended.

* A monochrome, CGA, MCGA, EGA, VGA or compatible display adapter and
display. The Amdec 1280 and Wyse 700 displays are also supported.
EGA 43 line and VGA 50 line modes are supported.


Using this Manual
-----------------

HINTS: The best way to learn VEDIT Jr. is by running the "Demo/
Tutorial" disk supplied for DOS. This disk covers VEDIT Jr.,
VEDIT, and VEDIT PLUS features in great depth -- it is well
worth the one or two hours it will take to carefully work
through it.

Between the "Demo/Tutorial" disk and VEDIT Jr.'s extensive
on-line help, we hope that you won't need this manual very much.


Organization
------------

This manual assumes that you have a working knowledge of your computer
and its basic operation. It is organized into the following chapters:

This on-disk file consists of the first three chapters of the manual and
parts of the fourth chapter. The entire manual is summarized below.

* Introduction (Chapter 1)
Introduces VEDIT Jr. and lists the main features and system
requirements.

* Getting Started (Chapter 2)
Explains how to install VEDIT Jr. and make sure that it is working
correctly. It lists the files on disk and the "Normal" keyboard


10


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 1 Introduction


layout.

* Quick Tutorial (Chapter 3)
This short tutorial familiarizes you with the basic aspects of
using VEDIT Jr. including the menu system, on-line help, how to
save your result and exit VEDIT Jr.

* Editing Guide (Chapter 4)
Covers the main topics of how to use VEDIT Jr. in general terms.

* Command Macros (Chapter 5)
Describes how to use the "command macros" supplied only with VEDIT
and VEDIT PLUS. In particular, the compiler support macro is
covered in great detail.

* Menu Reference (Chapter 6)
Describes each item in the Menu system in detail. It includes many
step by step directions for using the features of VEDIT Jr.

The {CONFIG} menu described here lets you configure VEDIT Jr. and
fine-tune it to your personal preferences and applications.

* Edit Function Reference (Chapter 7)
Describes each basic edit function in detail.

* Configuration (Chapter 8)
For the most part, you can configure VEDIT Jr. from within itself.
However, some additional, mostly hardware related configuration
changes can only be made with the VCONFIG program or ".CFG"
configuration files described in this chapter.

* Messages (Chapter 9)
Lists and explains all error messages and common prompting
messages.

* Appendices
The following topics are included in the appendices:

Technical descriptions of VEDIT Jr.'s file handling, network
support and memory management.

Installation and usage of V-SWAP (supplied only with VEDIT and
VEDIT PLUS).

Additional keyboard layout information.

Application Notes.

ASCII Table.






11


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 1 Introduction


Notation
--------

A control character, such as , which is
typed by holding down the "Ctrl" (Control) key and
typing the letter, in this case "u".

A control character, such as , which is
typed by holding down the "Alt" (Alternate) key and
typing the letter, in this case "E". This type of
control character is most frequently used to
quickly access a particular menu, in this case the
{EDIT} menu.

The "Enter" key. Also named "Return" or "CR" on
some keyboards.

Any other individual key such as ,
or .

The default key for accessing the main menu.

The default key for the [HELP] function. The
actual key is displayed on the right edge of the
status line.

[function] A basic editing function such as [CURSOR UP] or
[INDENT]. Each edit function name is usually
followed with the keypress corresponding to the
"normal" keyboard layout. However, you are free to
modify the keyboard layout. The actual key
assignments are displayed by the [HELP] function.

{menu, menu-item} x Menu selections are shown within braces optionally
followed by "x" to indicate variable parameters.
The main menu is selected with the [MENU] function
(). For example, {GOTO, Line #} 71 denotes
that you select "Goto" from the main menu, select
"Line #" from the "Goto" menu, and then enter the
value "71" at the line number prompt.


Register Today!
---------------

One benefit in registering VEDIT Jr. (for only $29) is the professional
quality manual whose more than 200 pages describe the program in
complete detail.

You will also receive the latest production version of VEDIT Jr. which
does not have the Shareware sign-on screens.

We welcome your comments and suggestions.


12


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 2 Getting Started


Chapter 2 - Getting Started
------------------------------------------------------------------------


Installation
------------

NOTES: Be sure to refer to the file "README" before installing
VEDIT Jr. -- simply give the DOS command "README". This file
often contains last minute installation instructions.

Refer to Appendix F (Troubleshooting) if you have any trouble
installing or running VEDIT Jr. (Not included with on-disk
doco.)

When we refer to "IBM PCDOS/MS-DOS" we mean all IBM PC/AT, PS/2
machines or compatibles, including all clones, running either
PCDOS or MS-DOS 2.x, 3.x, 4.x, 5.x or compatible operating
systems including Concurrent DOS and DR DOS.


IBM PCDOS/MS-DOS Automated Installation
---------------------------------------

The IBM PCDOS/MS-DOS version of VEDIT Jr. can be quickly installed and
configured with the supplied INSTALL program. It creates the directory
"\VEDIT" (on a hard disk), copies the appropriate files to it and lets
you select from the most common configuration options including display
type, screen color and the initial keyboard layout. There is NO NEED to
initially run the configuration program VCONFIG.

NOTES: This automated installation is NOT compatible with some
memory-resident programs and, in particular, with the Norton
Commander Commander(tm), 4DOS and other "point and shoot"
programs. You must remove such programs to perform the
installation or follow the "Manual Installation" directions.
However, once installed, VEDIT Jr. itself will run with these
programs.

The automated installation DOES NOT alter your CONFIG.SYS or
AUTOEXEC.BAT files! It creates the directory "\VEDIT", copies
files to it and pre-configures VJ.EXE.

Before actually installing VEDIT Jr., you should make a copy of
the original VEDIT Jr. disk and place the original in a safe
place. Install VEDIT Jr. from this copy to prevent inadvertent
damage to the original diskette. Refer to the documentation
provided with your operating system for information on how to
copy diskettes.






13


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 2 Getting Started


To install VEDIT Jr. on a floppy disk:

1. You will need a blank, formatted floppy disk on which to install
VEDIT Jr. Refer to the documentation provided with DOS for
information on how to format diskettes.

2. Place a copy of the VEDIT Jr. distribution diskette into drive
A: and a blank, formatted diskette into drive B: then type:

A:

3. Start the installation program by typing:

INSTALL A B

4. Follow the instructions provided by the installation program.
The installation program will ask several questions. Answer
these questions by pressing the appropriate letter key. You do
not have to press .

To install VEDIT Jr. on a hard disk:

1. Place a copy of the VEDIT Jr. distribution diskette into
drive A: and type:

A:

2. Start the installation program by typing:

INSTALL A C

This command will install VEDIT Jr. from the diskette in drive
A: to the directory "\VEDIT" on drive C:. If you want to
install on a drive other than C:, substitute the "C" in the
above command with the appropriate drive letter.

3. Follow the instructions provided by the installation program.
The installation program will ask several questions. Answer
these questions by pressing the appropriate letter key. You do
not have to press .

The tutorials in this manual show examples for the "Normal"
(recommended) keyboard layout only. While VEDIT Jr. may be installed to
mimic Wordstar or WordPerfect, it is suggested that you first try our
normal configuration.

When complete, you will have a ready to use "VJ.EXE" file in the
directory "\VEDIT".

NOTE: Skip down several pages to the topic "Checking Your CONFIG.SYS
and AUTOEXEC.BAT files" for further important installation
instructions.



14


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 2 Getting Started


Then refer to the topic "Testing your Installation" below.


IBM PCDOS/MS-DOS Manual Installation
------------------------------------

This topic covers the steps needed to install VEDIT Jr. when the
automated installation will not run on your system.

The only file absolutely needed to use VEDIT Jr. is VJ.EXE. (You can
rename it if you wish.) To use the on-line help you also need the
VJHELP.HLP file. VEDIT Jr. can be configured to search for its help
file in the root directory or "VEDIT Home Directory", typically
"\VEDIT", of any drive you select.

Decide upon the name of a new directory to hold all VEDIT Jr. files.
This manual assumes it is "\VEDIT" on any desired drive. Create the
directory. When installing VEDIT Jr. on a floppy disk, you can install
it into the root directory.

After you create "\VEDIT", you should copy all files from the original
disk or disks to this directory. This chapter lists the files found on
the VEDIT Jr. distribution disk(s).

The supplied VJ.EXE will immediately run on any machine, but is not
configured ideally for either floppy or hard disk systems. You only
need to change the configuration parameters 1.0 and 2.3 (see Chapter 8)
to adapt VEDIT Jr. to your particular disk configuration. Unless you
configure it, VEDIT Jr. only searches the current drive and directory
for its help file.

With a hard disk, you should configure VCONFIG parameter 1.0 to
"C:\VEDIT\" and 2.3 to "0" -- assuming you are installing VEDIT Jr. in
"\VEDIT" on drive "C:".

With a floppy disk based system, you may want to copy only the VJ.EXE
and VJHELP.HLP files to your system disk on drive A. Then configure
VJ.EXE with VCONFIG parameter 1.0 set to "A:\" and 2.3 set to "0".

Refer above to the topic "IBM PCDOS/MS-DOS Automated Installation" for
information about setting up your PATH command and AUTOEXEC.BAT files.

Here is a typical installation:


1. Make sure you are in the root directory of drive C. Put the
original VEDIT Jr. diskette into drive A. Give the following
DOS commands:

MD C:\VEDIT
CD C:\VEDIT
COPY A:*.*



15


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 2 Getting Started


2. Start up the configuration program with the command:

VCONFIG VJ.EXE

Refer to Chapter 8 (Configuration) for details about running this
program.

3. In the configuration program select "1" from the main menu and enter
a "VEDIT Jr. Home Directory" of "C:\VEDIT\". Then select parameter
2.2 and change it to "0".

4. Press to return to the main menu. Type "E" to exit the
configuration program. At the confirmation prompt type "Y" to save
your changes.

NOTE: Skip down several pages to the topic "Checking Your CONFIG.SYS
and AUTOEXEC.BAT files" for further important installation
instructions.

Then refer to the topic "Testing your Installation" below.


Checking Your CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files
-----------------------------------------------

You should check the file "CONFIG.SYS" which is in the root directory of
your hard (boot) disk. It must contain the two lines:

BUFFERS=10
FILES=40

***It is OK if the numbers are larger than those listed above!***

If you discover that you do not have a CONFIG.SYS file, you can create
one using VEDIT Jr. You can do this after completing the Quick Tutorial
in Chapter 3. CONFIG.SYS is a normal text file.

The "BUFFERS=10" statement is not really necessary but speeds up not
only VEDIT Jr. but virtually every other program. No computer should be
without it. "BUFFERS=15" or "BUFFERS=20" may further speed up some
programs, but also make DOS use up more memory space.


PATH Command
------------

To run VEDIT Jr. from other drives and directories, DOS must know where
to find VJ.EXE. Our recommendation is to simply copy VJ.EXE to a
directory, typically "\DOS" or "\BIN", which DOS already searches for
other programs such as CHKDSK.COM, FORMAT.COM, etc. Alternatively, you
can add the directory "\VEDIT" to the PATH command in your AUTOEXEC.BAT
file. However, long PATH commands slow down computer operation. For
more information on PATH and AUTOEXEC.BAT refer to your DOS manual.


16


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 2 Getting Started



If you prefer not to have VEDIT Jr. in the default directory "\VEDIT"
you can create the desired directory and copy all files from the
"\VEDIT" directory to it; then remove the "\VEDIT" directory. Then run
the configuration program VCONFIG (Chapter 8) and set parameter 1.0
(VEDIT Jr. Home Directory) to the directory in which the
VEDIT Jr. files reside.


"VEDPATH" Environment Variable
------------------------------

As an alternative to running VCONFIG to set the "VEDIT Home Directory",
you can set the environment variable "VEDPATH" to the desired directory.
When this environment variable is set, it overrides any configuration
setting.

For example, if you placed the VEDIT Jr. files in the directory
"\DOS\VEDIT" on drive "C:", you could add the following line to your
AUTOEXEC.BAT file:

SET VEDPATH=C:\DOS\VEDIT


Testing Your Installation
-------------------------

Now that you have VEDIT installed, let's start it up once just to make
sure that everything is working.

1. Assuming that your PATH command includes the directory
containing the VEDIT Jr. program, you can can start up VEDIT Jr.
from any directory by typing:

VEDIT

If VEDIT Jr. was properly installed, there will be a short
pause, and you will see the VEDIT Jr.'s signon message on the
top of the screen. There should also be a (flashing) cursor
near the upper-left corner of the screen.

2. Press the key to bring up the "Escape" menu in the middle
of the screen.

If you cannot read the menu, cannot tell which item is currently
selected, or cannot tell which letter in each item is
highlighted, your screen attributes are not set correctly. If
you have a monochrome (black and white) monitor or a laptop
computer you may need to re-install VEDIT Jr. for a monochrome
monitor or start up VEDIT Jr. with the "-M" option. Otherwise,
see "Change Screen Parameters" in Chapter 8 (Configuration) on
how to change screen attributes.



17


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 2 Getting Started


3. To exit VEDIT Jr. and return to DOS using the displayed {ESCAPE}
menu, press to highlight "Quit File (Abandon)";
then press . At the confirmation prompt "Abandon altered
file (Y/N)" type "Y". You should now be back in DOS.


NEWS.TXT LINE: 1 COL: 1 INS F1=HELP




ESCAPE MENU
Remove Block Markers
Exit File (save)
Quit file (abandon)






VEDIT Jr. is now installed and tested. Refer to Appendix F
(Troubleshooting) if you encounter any trouble running VEDIT Jr.

































18


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 2 Getting Started


Getting Started Fast
--------------------

Despite the many pages in this manual, basic editing with VEDIT Jr. is
very intuitive and you can start using it immediately, without having to
study this manual.

It is easiest to start the editor by specifying the name of the file you
want to edit:

VJ filename.ext

For help while editing press the [HELP] key. The name of the help key
is displayed on the status line (default: ). [HELP] first displays
the key assignments for all of VEDIT Jr.'s functions. For more help on
any function, just press the corresponding key.

The [MENU] key (default: ) starts the pull-down menu system. Select
the desired function using the cursor keys and then press .

To finish editing, access the "File" sub-menu and select either "Exit
(Save)" to save your edited text or "Quit" to quit and abandon your
edited text.

NOTE: The quickest way to learn VEDIT Jr. is to run the supplied
"DEMO/TUTORIAL" disk which covers almost everything you need to
know to effectively use VEDIT Jr.


Running VEDIT Jr. with Floppy Disks
-----------------------------------

To run VEDIT Jr. with dual floppy disks (no hard disk) place the disk
containing the installed VEDIT Jr. into drive "A:", the data disk
containing your text files into drive "B", change to drive "B:" and
specify the name of the file you want to edit:

A:VEDIT filename.ext

Remember: To edit any file, the amount of free space on your disk must
be at least as large as the file you want to edit.














19


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 2 Getting Started


Description of Files on Disk
----------------------------


README.BAT Last minute notes to read before getting started.

INSTALL.BAT Batch file to start up the automated installation;
it uses the files INSTALL.VBT and VBATCH.COM.

INSTALL.VBT Script file for automated installation.

VBATCH.COM Installation program used for automated installation.

VCONFIG.EXE Configuration program described in Chapter 8.

VJ.EXE Executable VEDIT Jr. program.

KEYS.IBM A graphic representation of the "normal" IBM PC
keyboard layout.

ERRATA.DOC Contains errata to this manual and describes recent
enhancements which are not yet documented in the manual.

P.BAT Batch program to start up the PRINT.VDM macro.

VJHELP.HLP Help file accessed by the [HELP] function.

WORDSTAR.KEY Keyboard layout file to emulate WordStar (tm).
Described in WORDSTAR.DOC.

WORDPERF.KEY Keyboard layout file to emulate WordPerfect (tm).
Described in WORDPERF.DOC.


Keyboard Layout
---------------

VEDIT Jr.'s keyboard layout is completely configurable. The automated
installation lets you select the initial keyboard layout. You can
modify the initial layout with the {MISC, Keyboard Layout} sub-menu.

Unless you have a very strong personal preference, we recommended you
start off with the "normal" keyboard layout. It has been carefully
thought out to work well with VEDIT Jr.'s features and menu system.

All examples in this manual list the name of the edit function or menu
item and the corresponding keystroke in the "normal" keyboard layout.
Examples are: [HELP] () and {BLOCK, Set Marker} ).

The initial IBM PCDOS/MS-DOS keyboard layouts are:

* NORMAL. The recommended layout used in this manual.

* WORDPERF. Emulates Word Perfect. Since it has few menu "hot keys",


20


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 2 Getting Started


it helps to access menu functions with a mouse. Fully described in
the file WORDPERF.KEY.

* WORDSTAR. Emulates the newer style WordStar using control, cursor
and function keys. Since it has few menu "hot-keys", it helps to
access menu functions with a mouse. Fully described in the file
WORDSTAR.KEY.

NOTE: The following pages list the normal layout in logical order.
Appendix D lists the layout in alphabetic order. The layout is
available on-line via the [HELP] function and {MISC, Keyboard
Layout, Display}. The status line always displays the current
key assigned to the [HELP] function.


Notes on the Normal Layout
--------------------------

* The preferred keys for [SCROLL UP] and [SCROLL DOWN] are Arrow> and . However, since the original PC/XT keyboard
does not support these keys, we have also assigned these functions
to and . If you have a PC AT/PS-2 keyboard, you
can drop the duplicate assignments.

* Since VEDIT Jr. treats the , , and
keys as function keys, the "normal" layout assigns the displayable
characters "+", "-", "*" and "/" to these keys. (They are set up as
simple keystroke macros.)

* Some IBM PC keys including , and the "" keys are
normally supported. However if the VCONFIG (Chapter 8)
configuration setting for "Keyboard Input" is changed from the
default "ROM BIOS" to "DOS", these keys may appear dead. (Some
versions of DOS support them and others do not.)

NOTE: See the notes for {MISC, Keyboard Layout, Change Layout} in
Chapter 6 (Menu Reference) for more information about which key
combinations can be used with VEDIT Jr.

















21


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 2 Getting Started


"Normal" IBM PC Keyboard Layout
-------------------------------

[BACKSPACE]
[BLOCK COPY]
[BLOCK MOVE]
[CANCEL]
[CURSOR UP]
[CURSOR DOWN]
[CURSOR RIGHT]
[CURSOR LEFT]
[DELETE]
[DEL PREV WORD]
[DEL NEXT WORD]
[ENTER CTRL]
[ERASE EOL]
[ERASE LINE]
[ESCAPE]
[HELP]
[INDENT]
[INSERT TOGGLE]
[LINE BEGIN]
[LINE END]
[MENU]
[NEXT LINE] (Same as )
[NEXT PARAGRAPH]
[NEXT TAB STOP]
[NEXT WORD]
[PAGE UP]
[PAGE DOWN]
[PREV PARAGRAPH]
[PREV WORD]
[REPEAT]
[REPEAT LAST]
[REPLACE]
[SCREEN BEGIN]
[SCREEN END]
[SCROLL UP] or
[SCROLL DOWN] or
[SCROLL RIGHT]
[SCROLL LEFT]
[SEARCH]
[SEARCH AGAIN]
[TAB CHARACTER]
[T-REG COPY]
[T-REG MOVE]
[T-REG INSERT]
[UNDENT]
[VISUAL EXIT]






22


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 2 Getting Started


"Normal" IBM PC Keyboard Layout cont.
-------------------------------------

Built-in Keystroke Macros:

Access {BLOCK} menu
Access {CONFIG} menu
Access {EDIT} menu
Access {FILE} menu
Access {GOTO} menu
Access {HELP} menu
Access {MISC} menu
Access {PRINT} menu
Access {SEARCH} menu

Set a "character" type block marker
Set a "column" type block marker
Format the current paragraph
Go to the beginning of the file
Go to the end of the file
Set a text marker
Goto a text marker
Goto matching parenthesis - () <> [] {}
Toggle between text colors
Toggle between 25 and 43/50 line
screen (EGA/VGA)
Add a new keystroke macro
Start/stop recording a new keystroke macro
Print a block of text
Undo current/previous line
Undo last edit operation (keystroke)
Erase from cursor to beginning of line
Edit next file (save/abandon current file)
Exit VEDIT Jr. - save file





















23


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 2 Getting Started


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24


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 3 Quick Tutorial


Chapter 3 - Quick Tutorial
------------------------------------------------------------------------


Let's take a quick tour of VEDIT Jr. In this chapter you will learn
basic text editing, using the menu system, displaying help and, most
importantly, how to save the results. In short, you will know all
that's required to really use VEDIT Jr.!

Each basic editing function in VEDIT Jr. has a name which we normally
show as in [HELP] and [CURSOR RIGHT]. We show which key to press to
perform the editing functions as in and .

To keep things simple, this quick tutorial often just lists which key to
press to perform various editing operations. However, the rest of this
manual is oriented towards the names of the editing functions.

NOTE: Since this quick tutorial is specific on which keys to press, it
assumes that you have installed VEDIT Jr. on an IBM PC and
selected the "Normal" keyboard layout.


Starting VEDIT Jr.
------------------

To start VEDIT Jr. and begin editing a file called NEWS.TXT, type:

VEDIT NEWS.TXT

Unless you already have a file called NEWS.TXT in the current directory,
VEDIT Jr. will create this file for you. If the file does exist, VEDIT
Jr. will load it and display the beginning of the file. The screen
will appear as:

NEWS.TXT LINE: 1 COL: 1 INS F1=HELP










The "status line" at the top of the screen indicates the name of the
file being edited, the location of the cursor by line number and column
number, and which key performs the [HELP] function.

The status line is also used to display prompts, error messages and the
top line of the menu system.

The "cursor" is initially at the top left of the screen. The cursor


25


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 3 Quick Tutorial


indicates the exact location at which any edit changes, such as typing
in new text, will be made.


Entering New Text
-----------------

VEDIT Jr. starts up in "Insert Mode". As you type, new letters are
inserted at the cursor position. You can tell that VEDIT Jr. is in
Insert Mode by the "INS" on the status line. If you do not see "INS" on
the status line, press once (the [INSERT TOGGLE] function).

You can now type some text which will appear on the screen and will soon
be made into a file. Type in the following text. Press the key
at the end of each line. You can make simple corrections while typing
by pressing .

NEWS.TXT LINE: 6 COL: 1 INS F1=HELP

Bach simply awed the professional musicians
who met or just observed him. Their descriptions
indicate that Bach, at the head of an orchestra,
was a conductor very much like the great
conductors of today.




Pressing the key moves the cursor to the beginning of the next
line. When you press while in Insert Mode, you are inserting a
"newline" character. Every text line ends in a "newline" character.

(The "newline" character is normally invisible, but like many things in
VEDIT Jr., you can configure it to be visible.


Moving the Cursor
-----------------

You can move the cursor to another part of the text using the "Cursor
Control" (arrow) keys:







To move the cursor back to the first line, press until the
cursor is back on the first line. If you keep pressing the
cursor will no longer move, because you're at the beginning of the file.
Similarly, if you press while on the last line, the cursor
will not move any further because you are at the end of the file.


26


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 3 Quick Tutorial


Pressing while at the beginning of a line will move the
cursor to the end of the previous line. Similarly, pressing Right> while at the end of a line will move the cursor to the beginning
of the following line.

With the default configuration, VEDIT Jr. only lets you position the
cursor at real characters in the text and at the ends of lines. You
cannot position the cursor on the screen where there is no text.
However, VEDIT Jr. has several "Cursor Positioning Modes" which let you
modify this behavior.


Deleting Text
-------------

You can delete the character at the cursor by pressing . When you
do that, the character just after the cursor will be "drawn back" to the
cursor position.

Move the cursor just before the word "the":

Bach simply awedthe professional musicians

To delete the word (and the extra space) press four times:

Bach simply awedprofessional musicians

You can also delete the character just before the cursor by pressing the
key. This is helpful when you want to change the word you
just typed.

If you now press five times, the line will be:

Bach simplyprofessional musicians

Earlier in this chapter, when you wanted to start a new line, you
inserted what we called a "newline" character with the key.
While you cannot actually see it, a "newline" really is like a
character. (Technically, for DOS files it is two characters a "carriage
return" and a "line feed".) When you type a character key, a visible
character is inserted. Similarly, pressing inserts a "newline".
Also, just as or delete visible characters, they will
also delete a "newline" or a space.

To show this, move the cursor to the "T" in the word "Their" and press
to split the line in two:









27


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 3 Quick Tutorial


NEWS.TXT LINE: 3 COL: 1 INS F1=HELP

Bach simply awed the professional musicians
who met or just observed him.
heir descriptions
indicate that Bach, at the head of an orchestra,
was a conductor very much like the great
conductors of today.



As you can see, a "newline" has been inserted.

Now press to delete the "newline" again:

NEWS.TXT LINE: 2 COL: 31 INS F1=HELP

Bach simply awed the professional musicians
who met or just observed him. heir descriptions
indicate that Bach, at the head of an orchestra,
was a conductor very much like the great
conductors of today.




Of course the key can also delete characters, and a "newline" is
no exception.

Try the following:



In short, when you're at the beginning of a line and want to append it
to the previous line, press . When you're at the end of a
line and want to append the following line, press .

You can delete an entire line by pressing (the [ERASE LINE]
function); any following lines will then move up.

You can delete text from the cursor position to the end of the line by
pressing (the [ERASE EOL] function). You can blank out the
current line by first pressing and then . This is
different from in that it changes a line of text to a blank
line instead of erasing it entirely.


Typing Beyond the Visible Screen Area
-------------------------------------

Now lets see what happens when you type in more than a single screen
full of text. Move the cursor to the end of your current text and press
. Then repeatedly type a few characters and press until


28


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 3 Quick Tutorial


you reach the bottom of the screen.

As you get near the bottom of the screen, VEDIT Jr. will automatically
"scroll" the text upward to make room for new text. In effect, you
could keep typing forever.

Now try typing a very long line. As you get to the right side of the
screen, just keep typing. VEDIT Jr. will automatically scroll the text
to the left to make room for the new text.


Line and Column Numbers
-----------------------

VEDIT Jr. tells you exactly where you are in your file by displaying the
line and column number of the current cursor position on the status
line. The current line number is located just to the right of "LINE:"
and the current column number is just to the right of "COL:".

In the previous example, VEDIT Jr. had scrolled the text to the left.
If you look at the status line in that example, you will notice that
"COL:" had changed to "20:", which tells you that the left edge of the
screen is at column 20. The real column number is still displayed on
the status line in its normal location.


Quick Cursor Movement
---------------------

Using arrow keys to move the cursor might be fine if you do not have far
to go, but what about long distance jumps? Fortunately the arrow keys
are only some of the cursor control keys available. In addition to
moving line by line or character by character, there are keys which can
move the cursor by words, paragraphs, screens and to the beginning or
end of a line or screen. Other movements using the {GOTO} menu are also
possible and are described later in this manual. (But not in this
on-disk documentation.)


Moving by Words
---------------

To move the cursor forward an entire word, press:

[NEXT WORD]

To move the cursor backward an entire word, press:

[PREV WORD]

The and keys will always place the cursor on the first
character of a word. If the cursor is not currently at a word, pressing
will move the cursor to the first character of the next word and


29


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 3 Quick Tutorial


to the first character of the previous word.


Moving to the Beginning or End of a Line
----------------------------------------

To move the cursor to the end of the current line, press:

[LINE END]

If the cursor is already at the end of the current line when is
pressed, the cursor will move the the end of the next line.

To move the cursor to the beginning of the current line, press:

[LINE BEGIN]

If the cursor is already at the beginning of the current line when
is pressed, the cursor will move to the beginning of the previous
line.

From working with other editors and word processors, you may be used to
the and working differently than they do in VEDIT Jr. Do
not worry, VEDIT Jr. has many configuration options that let it closely
emulate other editing styles you may already be used to.


Moving by Screens
-----------------

Well, actually just less than a screen. VEDIT Jr. comes configured to
"page" the screen up or down two lines less than the actual text screen
size. This allows some overlap between screens of text, thus providing
a visual reference for easier reading.

To move the cursor forward an entire screen page, press:

[PAGE DOWN]

To move the cursor backward an entire screen page, press:

[PAGE UP]

Even though these functions refer to "pages", they bear no relation to
printed pages for a completed document. They are simply "screen" pages
and their size depends mostly on the number of lines of text your
computer displays.








30


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 3 Quick Tutorial


Moving by Paragraphs
--------------------

What is a paragraph? Since VEDIT Jr. is a "Plain Text" editor, it does
not introduce unseen control characters to mark where one paragraph ends
and the next begins. Instead, it considers a blank line as a break
between paragraphs. Even when the first line of a paragraph is
indented, if there is not a blank line between it and the previous
paragraph, VEDIT Jr. will think it's all one big paragraph.

To move the cursor forward an entire paragraph press:

[NEXT PARAGRAPH]

To move the cursor backward an entire paragraph press:

[PREV PARAGRAPH]

The and keys always place the cursor on the first
character of a paragraph. If the cursor is not currently at a
paragraph, pressing will move the cursor to the first
character of the next paragraph and to the first character of
the previous paragraph.


Undo
----

VEDIT Jr. offers you the luxury of changing your mind. Perhaps you
changed some text, then decided it was better before the change. Rather
than deleting and retyping, you can ask VEDIT Jr. to "undo" those
changes.

To undo your last action press:



Each press of undoes the next previous action. Actions which
can be "undone" in this way include inserting or overwriting characters,
deleting characters and cursor movements. Up to the last 1,000 of these
actions can be undone by repeatedly pressing .

To try it, first delete a line of text by pressing . Then press
and the line comes back. Go ahead and make some other changes
deleting, overwriting and inserting text. Repeatedly pressing
will reverse these changes step by step.

You can also undo changes line by line by pressing . This is a
quick way to undo all the changes you just made to a line, but did not
intend to make.

For this tutorial you do not want to repeatedly press or you
will soon end up with a blank screen because that is how you started


31


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 3 Quick Tutorial


out. You cannot reverse the effect of an Undo function.


Using Menus
-----------

So far, you have learned how to perform basic operations by pressing
particular keys which are assigned to them. Most of these operations
are also available using menus, along with many that do not have a
direct keypress equivalent.

To activate the menu system, press:

[MENU]

VEDIT Jr. will replace the status line with a horizontal menu bar. This
is the "main menu" which shows the names of each "pull-down" menu. One
item in the main menu will be highlighted and a pull-down menu will be
displayed. VEDIT Jr. shows you this pull-down menu in advance of
actually selecting it as a reference of what is available in it.


Block Edit File Goto Help Misc Print Search Undo Config

Set Marker F9
Set ColumN Marker ^N
Insert Register Grey-*



NOTE: If the main menu does not have a highlighted item or the
pull-down menus appear blank, you may need to re-install VEDIT
Jr. When the installation program prompts "Should VEDIT Jr. be
configured to use only Black/White characters (Yes/No)?", respond
by pressing "Y".

To highlight a different main menu item, press:

or

Try highlighting each item in the main menu and examine the items in
each pull-down menu.

Before you can make a selection from a pull-down menu you must select it
from the main menu.

Highlight "File" and press to select the {FILE} menu:








32


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 3 Quick Tutorial


Block Edit File Goto Help Misc Print Search Undo Config

Read-Only File No
New File ALT-N
Insert File
Directory
Save As
Save and Continue
Exit File (Save) ALT-X
Quit File (Abandon)



You can tell that you have selected a pull-down menu by the highlight
bar which appears in it. You can move this bar up and down to select
the desired item.

To highlight a different menu item, press:

or or

Try highlighting each item in the {FILE} menu.

Items in the pull-down menus can also be selected by highlighting the
desired one and pressing . In some cases these items will
themselves be sub-menus. For example, in the {MISC} menu, the item
{MISC, Keyboard Layout} is a sub-menu.


Answering a Prompt
------------------

The "Directory" item in the {FILE} menu lets you view the names of all
files in your current directory or any other directory you specify. You
can then press to have VEDIT Jr. display the current directory
or you can type in the directory of your choice.

To display the current directory, select "Directory" from the {FILE}
menu; at the "Enter Filename:" prompt simply press .

A typical display might be:


C:\VEDIT\*.*
.. VEDIT.EXE VCONFIG.EXE VHELP.HLP ERRATA.DOC
WORDSTAR.KEY WORDPERF.KEY KEYS.IBM README.BAT WHATS.NEW
COMPARE.VDM DISPLAY.VDM KEY-MAC.LIB MACROS.LIB PRINT.VDM
SORT.VDM NEWS.TXT



This is VEDIT Jr.'s "point & shoot" file selection window. It is
displayed any time you respond to the "Enter Filename" prompt by just


33


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 3 Quick Tutorial


pressing . It is usually used when selecting new files to edit.
"Point and Shoot File Section" in Chapter 4 (Editing Guide) describes
this in more detail.

When you're done viewing the directory, press . VEDIT Jr. will go
back to displaying your text.

To display the contents of the directory "C:\DOS", select {FILE,
Directory} as before. At the "Enter Filename:" prompt enter:

C:\DOS\*.*

In the typical screen below, notice that the top line indicates that the
files in the "C:\DOS" directory are now being displayed.


C:\DOS\*.*
.. ASSIGN.COM BACKUP.COM BASIC.COM BASICA.COM
CHKDSK.COM COMMAND.COM COMP.COM DEBUG.COM DISKCOMP.COM
DISKCOPY.COM EDLIN.COM FDISK.COM FORMAT.COM GRAFTABL.COM
GRAPHICS.COM KEYBGR.COM KEYENH.COM LABEL.COM MODE.COM
MORE.COM PRINT.COM RESTORE.COM SELECT.COM SHIPTRAK.COM
SYS.COM TREE.COM APPEND.EXE ATTRIB.EXE BASIC.EXE
CHKDSK.EXE EXE2BIN.EXE FIND.EXE JOIN.EXE LINK.EXE
REPLACE.EXE SHARE.EXE SORT.EXE SUBST.EXE XCOPY.EXE
ANSI.SYS DRIVER.SYS HDRIVE.SYS VDISK.SYS



Response History
----------------

VEDIT Jr. remembers what you enter in response to its prompts. You can
recall and reuse these past responses or even edit them.

For example, to see this in action select {FILE, Directory} again. At
the "Enter Filename" press:



This will recall the previous "C:\DOS\*.*" entry.

Block Edit File Goto Help Misc Print Search Undo Config

Read-Only File No
New File ALT-N
Insert File
Directory

Enter Filename: C:\DOS\*.*

Quit File (Abandon)



34


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 3 Quick Tutorial



HINT: While editing a response, the , ,
, , and keys may also be used.


Exiting the Menu System
-----------------------

To back up, or you might say "escape" from the current menu, press:



Pressing will take you back one menu level. Pressing from
the main menu removes the menu system.

Pressing while editing pops up the special "Escape" menu (which is
described later). Of course, you can press to leave the "Escape"
menu too.

You can also jump totally out of the menus from any point. To quit the
menu system, press:



(the [CANCEL] function) cancels any operation in progress.
Pressing it from anywhere within the menu system immediately removes the
menu system.

You can think of as the "Panic Button". It cancels any
function which is prompting you and aborts any printing in progress.

Even if your keyboard layout has some other key assigned to [CANCEL],
will abort any printing, abort any command macro which is
running and, in most cases, cancel any prompt.


Context Sensitive Help
----------------------

VEDIT Jr. provides context sensitive on-line help. When you press
(the [HELP] function), VEDIT Jr. will "pop-up" additional information
related to what you are currently doing.

* If the menu system is active, the information is on the current menu
selection.

* If VEDIT Jr. is prompting you for something, the information is
related to how you should respond.

* Otherwise, (i.e. if you are on a text screen without menus or
prompts), the information describes the special keys available to
you.

For example, activate the menu system and directly access the {FILE}


35


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 3 Quick Tutorial


menu by pressing . Then press and you should see a screen
like this:

Block Edit File Goto Help Misc Print Search Undo Config

Read-Only File No

{FILE} Menu --
Read Only Enables "Read Only Mode" to protect files from accidental
alterations within VEDIT Jr. The "Read Only Mode" is
automatically selected when starting up VEDIT Jr. in
"Browse" mode and when editing a true "read only" file - in
these cases you cannot disable Read Only Mode.

New File Edits a new file in the same edit buffer (and window). The
current file may be saved to disk or abandoned. At the
prompt press for point & shoot file selection.
Press any key to continue



The displayed help information may be more than one page long. You can
advance to the next page by pressing any key. After the last page,
VEDIT Jr. will return to the way it was before you asked for help.


Keyboard Help
-------------

VEDIT Jr. can also display a list of keystrokes and the operations they
perform. To display keystroke help, make sure you are not in the menu
system and press . The resulting screen should look like this:

Keyboard Help

[BACKSPACE] Backspace [NEXT LINE] Ctrl-Enter
[BLOCK COPY] F9 [NEXT PARAGRAPH] Ctrl-F6
[BLOCK MOVE] Alt-F9 [NEXT WORD] F6
[CANCEL] Ctrl-C [PAGE UP] PgUp
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
[HELP] F1 [SCROLL LEFT] Ctrl-Cursor-Left
[INDENT] F8 [TAB CHARACTER] Tab
[INSERT TOGGLE] Ins [T-REG COPY] Ctrl-F10
[LINE BEGIN] Home [T-REG MOVE] Alt-F10
[LINE END] End [T-REG INSERT] F10
[MENU] F10 [UNDENT] F7
Press key for desired function or for next screen:





36


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 3 Quick Tutorial


Each basic "edit function" is shown along with the keys assigned to it.
These are described in detail in Chapter 7 (Edit Function Reference).

From this display, you can obtain additional information on a particular
edit function by pressing the key(s) assigned to that function.

For example, to display additional help on [LINE END], press . You
should see the following screen:

Keyboard Help

[LINE BEGIN] Moves the cursor to the first character of the current
line or, if already there, to the first character of
the previous text line.

[LINE END] Moves the cursor to the end of the current line or,
if already there, to the end of the next line of text.

The behavior of [LINE BEGIN] and [LINE END] can be
changed with {CONFIG, Emulation, Line emulation}.

[NEXT LINE] Moves the cursor to the beginning of the next line of
text.

Press any key to continue



General Help
------------

VEDIT Jr. can also provide help information on particular topics. First
press [HELP] and then the key twice:

Keyboard Help

HELP TOPICS

{STAT} Status line messages
{MARG} Setting left and right margins
{FORM} Formatting paragraphs
{HZ} Horizontal scrolling
{IC} Inserting control and graphics characters
{CONV} Lower / upper case key conversion
{EMPTY} Emptying a text register (free more memory space)
{MOUSE} Mouse support


Type the word between "{" and "}" for help on above topics:






37


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 3 Quick Tutorial


The screen lists topics on which additional help information is
available. To select a topic, simply enter its name.

For example, to display information about the status line, type "stat"
(in upper or lowercase) and press . You should get a result like
this:

Keyboard Help

#R The "#" is followed by the name of the current edit buffer.
It does not appear when you are in the main edit buffer.

BLOCK Indicates that both block markers have been set. The block
can be processed from the {BLOCK} menu or printed from the
{PRINT} menu. The block markers can be removed (cancelled)
by pressing [CANCEL].

C-N-S On the IBM PC, the status of the Caps/Num/Scroll Lock is
displayed on the status line with the single letters "C", "N"
and "S".

COL: Indicates in which column of the text the cursor is located.
When the screen is scrolled sideways, the "COL" changes to
the column number corresponding to the left side of the
screen. E.g. "40:112" indicates the left screen edge is at
column 40 and the cursor is in column 112.

DISK Indicates that the disk is full. This requires immediate
attention since the file currently cannot be saved to disk.
Use {MISC, DOS Shell} to enter DOS and delete some unnecessary
Press any key to continue



Printing Text
-------------

You can print the text you have just created. Make sure that your
printer is properly connected and "ON LINE". Press and "P" to
enter the {Print} menu:


Block Edit File Goto Help Misc Print Search Undo Config

All
Block ^P
Finish/Eject
Eject
Reset





38


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 3 Quick Tutorial


This is a good time to try out the context sensitive help. Press
(the [HELP] function). A pop-up window will give a short description of
each item in the {PRINT} menu.

Select {PRINT, All} to print the entire file. After the text is fully
printed, the printer will advance to the beginning of the next page.

Notice that the text started a few lines down on the page and was not
printed on the left edge of the paper, but rather has about a one inch
margin. The description of the {PRINT, Config} sub-menu in Chapter 6
(Menu Reference) explains how to configure various printing options.


Repeating Operations
--------------------

It is often desirable to repeat an editing operation such as inserting
the same character, or deleting many lines. By using the [REPEAT]
function (), you can perform these operations a specified number
of times without having to press the same key over and over again.

For example, if you needed to enter 50 "*" characters into your text,
you could press the "*" key fifty times, counting very carefully. With
VEDIT Jr., there is a better way the [REPEAT] function is perfect for
this.

EXAMPLE - To enter 50 "*" characters into your text:

1. Press (the [REPEAT] function). The status line will
prompt you with:

Repeat Count: 4

2. Type "50"; DO NOT press . The status line now displays:

Repeat Count: 50

3. Press "*". Fifty "*" characters will be entered into your text.

At the "Repeat Count" you can enter any number up to 256. You can also
press [REPEAT] several more times to quadruple the initial value of 4 to
16, then 64 and finally 256.

After the repeat count is correct, you can enter any text character,
perform any editing function such as [ERASE LINE], or make any menu
selection.

For example, to delete 75 lines, press . At the prompt type
"75". Then press (the [ERASE LINE] function).

You can also repeat the last editing operation by pressing [REPEAT LAST]
(). Each successive [REPEAT LAST] repeats the last editing
operation one more time.


39


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 3 Quick Tutorial


EXAMPLE - Toggle through all screen colors:

1. Select {MISC, Toggle Color}. (Press and then "C".)
The screen color should change.

2. Repeatedly press (the [REPEAT LAST] function)
to toggle through all screen colors.

VEDIT Jr. also lets you repeatedly perform a sequence of editing steps
over and over again. This is done using "keystroke macros" which are
covered in Chapter 4 (Editing Guide) and Chapter 6 (Menu Reference).


Saving Your Work
----------------

You should periodically save your work back to disk. You can do this
using VEDIT Jr.'s menu system. The following example also introduces
you to two menu short cuts.

To save your work to disk, first press to get the {FILE} menu.
Then press "S" for "Save". There may be a short delay while your file
is saved to disk; you may also notice the message "Please wait for disk"
in the lower right corner of the screen.

In the above example you went directly to the {FILE} menu by pressing
the key in combination with the first letter of the main menu
item. You can use this trick to go directly to any main menu item. The
second short cut was to press the highlighted letter of the desired menu
item; this is usually the first letter.


The "Escape" Menu
-----------------

The {ESCAPE} menu is totally separate from the main menu. This menu is
displayed when you press and VEDIT Jr. does not know from what you
want to "escape".

NEWS.TXT LINE: 1 COL: 1 INS F1=HELP




ESCAPE MENU
Remove Block Markers
Exit File (save)
Quit file (abandon)







40


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 3 Quick Tutorial


You select items from this menu using and just
as you do from other menus.


Exiting VEDIT Jr.
-----------------

To finish editing, simply press the key to bring up the {ESCAPE}
menu.

"Exit (save)" saves your work while "Quit (abandon)" leaves the editor
without saving any changes you may have made.

To save your work and exit VEDIT Jr.:

1. Press to bring up the {ESCAPE} menu.

2. Press "E" to select "Exit (save)".


Note that selecting "Exit" from the {ESCAPE} menu is identical to
selecting "Exit" from the {FILE} menu.


That's It!
----------

That's all you need to create and edit text files. Obviously there is
much more VEDIT Jr. can do for you. For example, VEDIT Jr. can copy or
move blocks of text, search for and replace words or entire phrases and
perform numerous other operations. Take some time to get comfortable
with basic editing, then read on through the more detailed chapters
which follow.

We certainly enjoyed creating VEDIT Jr. and sincerely hope it serves you
well.



















41


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 3 Quick Tutorial


This page is intentionally blank






















































42


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 4 Editing Guide


Chapter 4 - Editing Guide
------------------------------------------------------------------------


Starting (Invoking) VEDIT Jr.
-----------------------------

Begin editing by typing the name of the VEDIT Jr. program; this is
normally "VJ". Although not necessary, this is normally followed by the
name of the (first) file you want to edit or create. For example:

vj letter.txt

When creating a new file, the message "New File" will briefly appear.
The filename on the status line at the top of the screen indicates which
file you are editing.


Invocation Options
------------------

In addition to the filename, one or more "options" can be specified (in
upper or lowercase) when you start up VEDIT Jr. The syntax for invoking
VEDIT Jr. is:

vj -options filename

-b This puts VEDIT Jr. into "browse mode"; you can view files,
but cannot alter them. You also cannot create files nor
write blocks to disk.

-m Causes VEDIT Jr. to use screen attributes which are
appropriate for a monochrome (Black and White) monitor.

-o Causes VEDIT Jr. to write to the screen via the "BIOS"
(instead of directly to the screen memory). This overrides
the value set by configuration task 6.1.

-o1 Same as "-o".

-o2 Causes VEDIT Jr. to write to the screen via the "BIOS" on
non-IBM type machines. This is necessary for VEDIT Jr. to
work on the Tandy 2000 and other "near" compatibles.

-snnn Restricts VEDIT Jr. to use a maximum of 'nnn' Kbytes of
memory for all data areas. The minimum value is 30. When
'nnn' is not specified, "-s" defaults to (approximately)
"64". Without this option VEDIT Jr. may use all available
memory.

-nnn Causes VEDIT Jr. to start up on line 'nnn' of the file. If
there are fewer than 'nnn' lines in the file, it will start

up at the end of the file.


43


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 4 Editing Guide


-- Signals the end of the invocation options. This is only
needed when the filename being edited begins with a "-".

To see a summary of all invocation options, give the command:

vj /?

Notes:

"-m" is only needed if VEDIT Jr. was installed (configured) for a
color display and you have a monochrome display connected to a color
(EGA/VGA) adapter.

The "-s" option lets you control how much memory VEDIT Jr. uses.
The total memory used will be 'nnn' Kbytes plus the size of the
executable VEDIT Jr. (approximately 64 Kbytes) plus another 10
Kbytes. "-s" can provide memory for running other programs from
within VEDIT Jr. using {MISC, Dos Shell}. Otherwise VEDIT Jr. may
use all available memory.

Values of less than 196 for the "-s" option will limit the memory
available for text register operations and the number of Undo levels
available. With this option, or with little available memory,
Vedit Jr. will be somewhat slower in editing large files.

All filenames may include drive and path specifications.

See Also:

"Exiting VEDIT Jr." and "Backup Files" later in this chapter.
{MISC, DOS Shell}, in Chapter 6 (Menu Reference).

Examples:

To edit the file "CONFIG.SYS" in the root directory of drive C:,
type:

vj c:\config.sys

After you have modified and saved CONFIG.SYS, you will have both an
updated copy called CONFIG.SYS and the original copy called
CONFIG.BAK.

To edit the file "PHONE.LST" and limit the memory used by
VEDIT Jr. to 130 KBytes, type:

vj -s130 phone.lst

To edit the file "PROGRAM.C" and have the cursor start up on line
984, give the command:

vj -984 program.c



44


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 4 Editing Guide


Fast Browse Mode
----------------

Invoking VEDIT Jr. with the "-b" option causes files to be opened in a
special browse mode. {GOTO, Beginning of file}, {GOTO, End of file} and
relative jumps using the mouse will then work instantly on even
many-megabyte files.

Files opened in browse mode are indicated with a "!" preceding their
filename on the status line.

Since VEDIT Jr. does not create any temporary files in browse mode, you
can browse files on a read-only drive, e.g. a CD-ROM drive.

You can also enable browse mode by selecting {FILE, Browse Mode}. The
*next* file edited will then be opened in the special browse mode.

Notes:

{FILE, Browse Mode} affects the *next* file opened and not the
current file. As a convenience, setting {FILE, Browse Mode} to
"Yes" also prevents any additional alterations to the current file.

CD-ROM and other Read-only files are automatically opened in browse
mode.

To alter a file you are currently browsing, first set {FILE, Browse
Mode} to "No". Then select the same file again with {FILE, New}.

You cannot disable browse mode if you invoked VEDIT Jr. with "-b".

VEDIT Jr. does not always know the current line number when
browsing; the line number is then displayed as "?????". If you must
know the line number in a browsed file, set {CONFIG, File Handling,
Fast browse mode} to "No". Browsing will be slower, but the correct
line number will always be displayed.


VEDIT Jr. Environment Variable
------------------------------

If you use the same invocation options over and over again, you can set
up the environment variable "VEDIT" with any desired default options.

Any options specified by this environment variable are processed by
VEDIT Jr. before those given on the command.

For example, if you always wanted VEDIT Jr. to use monochrome screen
colors and to use a maximum of 196 Kbytes of data space, you could add
the following line to your AUTOEXEC.BAT file:

SET VEDIT=-M -S196



45


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 4 Editing Guide


Exiting VEDIT Jr.
-----------------

You can exit VEDIT Jr. with the functions "Exit (save)", and "Quit
(abandon)". These functions are available in both the {FILE} and
{ESCAPE} menus for convenience and are fully described in Chapter 6
(Menu Reference).

The "Exit (Save)" item causes VEDIT Jr. to save the modified text and
exit back to DOS.

To exit VEDIT Jr. and save the current file:

1. Select either {FILE, Exit} or {ESCAPE, Exit File}. This will
save the file and exit VEDIT Jr.

The "Quit (Abandon)" item causes VEDIT Jr. to discard any changes made
to the text since the last time your saved the file (e.g. with {FILE,
Save and continue}) and returns to DOS.

If you make any text changes, VEDIT Jr. will ask you for confirmation
before discarding them. This confirmation is your last chance of
retaining these changes.

To exit VEDIT Jr. and quit (abandon) the current file:

1. Select either {FILE, Quit} or {ESCAPE, Quit File}.

2. VEDIT Jr. will prompt you for confirmation to abandon any
changes. Press "Y" and VEDIT Jr. will abandon any changes and
exit.

Notes:

VEDIT Jr. checks to see if any changes have been made before
exiting. If no changes were made since starting VEDIT Jr. or since
the last time the file was saved, VEDIT Jr. will not bother to save
the file again or ask for confirmation before quitting.

If there is insufficient disk space to save the modified file,
VEDIT Jr. displays an error and aborts the request to exit. If this
happens, you have several options. You can quit and abandon any
changes made or delete unneeded files from your disk. Or you can
use {FILE, Save As} to save the file on another drive.

{MISC, DOS Shell} and {MISC, Run DOS Program} let you execute DOS
commands for deleting files. Be careful not to delete any files
which start with the same name as the file you are editing.
VEDIT Jr. may be using these files for temporary storage.

See Also:

"Starting VEDIT Jr." earlier in this chapter.


46


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 4 Editing Guide


{FILE, Exit}, {FILE, Quit} in Chapter 6 (Menu Reference).


Backup Files
------------

When you edit and modify an existing file, VEDIT Jr. renames the
original file to the same name with a ".BAK" extension. This provides
an automatic backup of the original file contents should you need to
refer back to the original file. Any existing ".BAK" file is deleted
during this process.

Backup files take up additional disk space but provide important data
protection. They provide a backup in case of a major editing mistake
which you may not notice until days later. They also provide some
protection against accidentally deleting files -- the most recent
revisions may be lost, but at least the previous revisions are still
there.

When you are sure you do not need the backup files anymore you can
delete them with the DOS command "DEL *.BAK". (The "XDEL" command from
Digital Research can delete all backup files in all directories with the
command "XDEL *.BAK /S".)

However, if you are determined not to have VEDIT Jr. create backup
files, this backup feature can be turned off.

To turn off backup files:

1. Set {CONFIG, File Handling, Enable backup} to "Off".

2. To make this change permanent in VEDIT Jr. select {CONFIG, Save
into VEDIT}.


The Status Line
---------------

VEDIT Jr. provides a wide variety of information on the "Status Line"
located at the top of the screen.

Additional status information is available by selecting the menu item
{HELP, Status Display}.

The Status Line may include the following information:


BLOCK Indicates that both block markers have been set. The
highlighted block can be processed with the {BLOCK} menu,
printed with {PRINT, Block} and indented/undented with
[INDENT] and [UNDENT]. The block markers can be removed by
pressing [CANCEL] ().



47


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 4 Editing Guide


C-N-S On the IBM PC (DOS only), the status of the Caps/Num/Scroll
Lock is displayed on the status line with the single letters
"C", "N" and "S".

COL: xxxx Indicates in which column of the text the cursor is. When
the screen is scrolled sideways, the "COL" changes to the
column number corresponding to the left side of the screen.
E.g. "40:112" indicates the left screen edge is at column 40
and the cursor is in column 112.

Disk The disk is full! This requires immediate attention since
the file currently cannot be saved to disk. See the topic
"Exiting VEDIT Jr." earlier in this chapter for more
information.

filename Indicates the name of the file you are currently editing.
This may include a drive ID if the file being edited is not
on the current drive. Use {HELP, Status Display} to display
the full pathname of the file and its size.

The filename is preceded with "!" when the file was opened
in browse mode. The file cannot be altered, but can be
quickly browsed.

INS "Insert" mode is on; if this is not displayed, VEDIT Jr. is
in "Overstrike" mode.

LINE: xxxx Indicates on what line of the file the cursor is. The
message is reduced to "LI:" for line numbers greater than
65535. When the message is all in capital letters the
entire file is memory. Otherwise the message is displayed
as follows:

Line: The beginning of the file is currently in memory, but the
end of the file is on disk.

lINE: The end of the file is currently in memory, but the
beginning of the file has been written to disk.

line: Only the middle of the file is in memory, the remainder is
on disk.

RM: xx Right margin value only displayed if the right margin is
set.

TEXT Indicates that you have text in the text register. The
"BLOCK" and "1-END" messages have higher priority and may
appear in its place.

1-END Indicates that only one block marker is set. The block of
text is highlighted as you move the cursor. The block
marker can be removed by pressing [CANCEL] ().



48


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 4 Editing Guide


Examples:

B:NEWS.TXT LINE: 1 COL: 1 INS N F1=HELP

The status line above indicates that the file "NEWS.TXT" is being
edited on drive "B:", the cursor is at the beginning of the file,
"Insert Mode" is on, the "Numlock" status is on and the [HELP]
function is assigned to .

ACCOUNT.RPT Line: 233 40: 62 1-END CN ALT-F1=Help

The status line above shows that "ACCOUNT.RPT" on the default drive
is being edited, only the first part of the file is in memory, the
cursor is located at line 233 and column 62, the screen is scrolled
40 columns to the right (the left most displayed column is actually
column 40), the first (and not the second) block marker is set,
"CapsLock" and "Numlock" are on and the [HELP] function is assigned
to .


Using Menus
-----------

VEDIT Jr.'s menu system provides convenient access to many editing
functions which complement the basic "edit functions". It also lets you
access most configurable parameters and additional help and reference
information.

You can access the items in the menu system in three ways:

* Bring up the menu system by pressing [MENU] (). You can then
navigate through the available functions with the cursor keys; then
press to select the highlighted item. If the item is an
editing function, it is then performed; if the item is a sub-menu,
that sub-menu is selected.

* Directly access the desired sub-menu by pressing the corresponding
"hot key". On an IBM PC (DOS) the "normal" keyboard layout defines
, where "x" is the first letter of each main sub-menu. For
example, accesses the {BLOCK} sub-menu. You can then select
menu items in the normal fashion.

* Directly access the desired editing function by pressing its
corresponding "hot-key". In this case the menus are not displayed;
the selected editing function is immediately performed. The menu
system displays the currently available "hot-key" for each menu item.
As you learn them you will be able to edit faster. You can also add
"hot-keys" for additional menu functions that you want to directly
access.

The menu system is straight forward in operation and similar to other
menu systems. However, there are several special features you should be
aware of:


49


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 4 Editing Guide


* highlights the next item in the main menu and sub-menus.

* You can also select by typing the highlighted letter of the desired
menu item. This is often, but not always, the first letter of that
item. This technique MUST be used when defining keystroke macros
(i.e. "hot keys").

* When entering a sub-menu with or the technique, the
initially highlighted item is the last selected item in that
sub-menu.

* You can also enter sub-menus from the main menu with [CURSOR DOWN]
and [CURSOR UP] which then highlight the first and last items in the
sub-menu, respectively.

* Even after you have entered a sub-menu, [CURSOR LEFT] and
[CURSOR RIGHT] will pop you back to the main menu and select the
previous/next sub-menu.

To directly exit from any menu or parameter prompt, press [CANCEL]
(). The [CANCEL] function aborts any menu selection or prompt
and returns the editor back to normal editing. If you only want to back
up to a previous menu level, press . Pressing from the main
menu will exit the menu system and return you to normal editing.

VEDIT Jr. displays the special {ESCAPE} menu when is pressed and
there is no pending operation from which to "escape". This "Escape"
menu can be used to cancel block markers or to exit VEDIT Jr.

Context sensitive help is available from within the menu system. While
a menu is displayed, press [HELP] (). The information will contain
a short description of each item in the current menu.

Notes:

If you cannot read the menus, cannot tell which item is currently
selected, or cannot tell which letter in each item is highlighted,
your screen attributes are not set correctly. If you have a
monochrome (black and white) monitor or a Laptop computer you may
need to re-install VEDIT Jr. for a monochrome monitor or start up
VEDIT Jr. with the "-M" option. Otherwise see "Change Screen
Parameters" in Chapter 8 (Configuration) on how to change screen
attributes.

When you highlight a menu item which is itself a sub-menu,
VEDIT Jr. gives you a preview of the sub-menu without actually
selecting it. This is a little different from some other menu
systems.

There is some overlap between the basic "edit functions" and the
editing functions found in the menu system. For example, {EDIT,
Erase Line} is the same as [ERASE LINE], and {SEARCH, Search} is the
same as [SEARCH]. This overlap helps new users and lets you access


50


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 4 Editing Guide


edit functions with a mouse.

As a convenience, the menu system remembers the most recent path
taken. This way you can simply press [MENU] followed by two or more
s to select the same menu item again.

Examples:

To select "Status Display":

1. Press [HELP] ().

2. Highlight "Help" using the Cursor keys; press .

3. Highlight "Status Display" using the Cursor keys; press .

To change the screen color:

1. Press as a shortcut to the {MISC} sub-menu.

2. Press "C" to perform "Color Toggle".

To repeat the above operation:

Press [MENU] .

-OR-

Press [REPEAT LAST] ().

To exit VEDIT Jr.:

1. Press [ESCAPE] to access the {ESCAPE} menu.

2. Press "E" to select "Exit File (save)".


Responding to Prompts
---------------------

When VEDIT Jr. needs to prompt you for additional information, such as a
filename, it uses a pop-up "dialog" box. You can edit your response as
you enter it.

VEDIT Jr. maintains a "history" of the responses you enter at each type

of prompt. You can recall and reuse, or even edit, these previous
responses.

The following edit keys may be used while entering a response:

[CURSOR UP] Recall Previous Response.

[CURSOR DOWN] Recall later response.


51


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 4 Editing Guide


[CURSOR LEFT] Move cursor one character to the left.

[CURSOR RIGHT] Move cursor one character to the right.

[LINE BEGIN] Move the cursor to the beginning of the response.

[LINE END] Move the cursor to the end of the response.

[DELETE] Erase the character under the cursor.

[BACKSPACE] Erase the character to the left of the cursor.

[ERASE LINE] Erase the current response.

[ESCAPE] Cancel the operation for which the information was
requested.

Notes:

Responses are always entered in "Insert Mode". It is not possible
to change to Overstrike Mode.

After editing a line, it is not necessary to move the cursor to the
end of the line before pressing .

Some prompts request only a single character. You respond to these
simply by pressing the desired character. Do not follow your
response by pressing .

Examples:

To insert two files with similar name, say "TEXTFILE.001" and
"TEXTFILE.002":

Select {FILE, Insert File} and type "TEXTFILE.001" and .

Select {FILE, Insert File} again; press [CURSOR UP]; use
[BACKSPACE] to edit the file and then press .


Point and Shoot File Selection
------------------------------

Since it is often difficult to remember exact filenames,
VEDIT Jr. features point & shoot file selection.

For any editing function which requires a filename, such as {FILE, New
File}, VEDIT Jr. will first prompt you for the filename:

Enter Filename:

If you know the exact filename you can simply enter it. Alternatively,
you can press to have VEDIT Jr. give you a display of all files


52


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 4 Editing Guide


in the current directory. Or you can enter a "filespec" using the
"wildcard" characters "*" and "?" to have VEDIT Jr. only display
selected files. The format of the "filespec" is identical to that used
for the DOS "DIR" command.

A typical point & shoot display might be:


C:\VDOC\VEDJR\*.*
.. TEMP\ EXAMPLES\ PRINTALL.BAT CHAPTER1.CAP
CHAPTER2.CAP CHAPTER3.CAP LAYOUT.CAP CHAPTER1.CHP CHAPTER2.CHP
CHAPTER3.CHP CHAPTER4.CHP CHAPTER5.CHP CHAPTER6.CHP CHAPTER7.CHP
CHAPTER8.CHP CHAPTERX.CHP LAYOUT.CHP VED-HEAD.CHP VED-TOC.CHP
CHAPTER1.CIF CHAPTER2.CIF CHAPTER3.CIF CHAPTER4.CIF CHAPTER5.CIF
CHAPTER6.CIF CHAPTER7.CIF CHAPTER8.CIF CHAPTERX.CIF LAYOUT.CIF
VED-HEAD.CIF VED-TOC.CIF VEDITTOC.GEN VEDIT.INI VEDITMAN.PUB
CHAPTER6.SAV VED-HEAD.STY VEDMAN.STY CHAPTER1.TXT CHAPTER2.TXT
CHAPTER3.TXT CHAPTER4.TXT CHAPTER5.TXT CHAPTER6.TXT CHAPTER7.TXT


The top line displays the current "filespec" including the full drive
and pathname.

To select a file from the point & shoot window:

1. Use the cursor keys to highlight the desired file.

2. When there are many files, [PAGE UP] and [PAGE DOWN] may help in
viewing the files; [LINE END] () highlights the last file
and [LINE BEGIN] () highlights the first file.

3. Press to select the highlighted file.

4. Selecting the special first filename "." moves up in the DOS
directory structure. Any directories are displayed before other
filenames and are indicated with a following "\". Selecting a
directory moves down in the directory structure to that
directory.

You can change the "filespec" from within the point & shoot window.

To change the point & shoot "filespec":

1. Press the key (the [TAB CHARACTER] function). The cursor
will move just past the current filespec.

2. Edit the filespec as desired. Remember that you can use
[CURSOR UP] to recall previous filespecs.

3. Press when the filespec is correct. VEDIT Jr. will
display a new set of files with the first one highlighted.

Press [ESCAPE] or [CANCEL] () to cancel the point & shoot


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VEDIT Jr. Chapter 4 Editing Guide


operation.

Notes:

To access files on a different drive you must change the "filespec".


On-Line Help
------------

Help information may be requested at any time by pressing [HELP]. The
keystroke assigned to [HELP] is always displayed at the right end of the
status line.

VEDIT Jr.'s help system is "Context Sensitive", which means that it will
display information which is relevant to the task at hand. For example,
when you are performing simple type and edit operations, requesting help
will display general information on key assignments and basic
operations. If you request help while a menu or prompt is displayed,
information on that particular menu or prompt will be provided.

The "General" help information is divided into three pages:

1. Keystrokes Assigned to Edit Functions

This is a list of all "edit functions" and the keys which are
currently assigned to them. When this page is displayed, you can
press a listed keystroke to display additional information on the
associated edit function.

2. Keystrokes Assigned to Built-In Keystroke Macros

VEDIT Jr.'s "normal" keyboard layout includes numerous "Built-In"
keystroke macros. This page summarizes these macros and displays
the keystrokes to which they are assigned. There is no additional
on-line help available for these macros.

3. Help Topics

This page is a list of assorted topics on which additional
information is available. You can select the desired topic by
entering the key word displayed between the "{}" characters to the
left.

Notes:

Pressing [HELP] during normal editing (i.e. no menus or prompts are
up) is the same as selecting {HELP, General}.

All help information is contained in the file VJHELP.HLP. It is
usually located in the "VEDIT Home Directory" (typically
"C:\vedit").



54


VEDIT Jr. Chapter 4 Editing Guide


The help system's display of the edit function assignments is
dynamic it reflects any changes you may have made to the keyboard
layout. However, the summary of the keystroke macros is static;
this summary is listed at the beginning of the VJHELP.HLP file. It
is only applicable to the "normal" keyboard layout and will not be
correct if you have an alternative keyboard layout. However, you
can edit VJHELP.HLP as desired.

See Also:

The {HELP} menu and {MISC, Keyboard Layout} sub-menu in Chapter 6
(Menu Reference).


Modifying the Help File
-----------------------

VEDIT Jr.'s help file VJHELP.HLP is a standard text file which is easily
changed and/or expanded. You should find it very easy to edit the
beginning of this file which lists a summary of the keystroke macros.

The following is a technical description of how the help file works.
This information is only necessary if you want to make major changes to
the file. This discussion is easier to understand if you are examining
the file VJHELP.HLP within VEDIT Jr. and are familiar with the operation
of the on-line help.

The help file uses three control characters:

Clears the help window

Displays the message following the on the bottom of
the screen and waits for the user to press . It then
continues with the text on the following lines.

Displays the prompt "Press key for desired function or
for next screen:". The next key pressed by the user is
decoded as an edit function and converted into a two-letter
"edit function code". It then searches the remainder of the
file for the string "\edit-function-code\" and displays the
text starting on the following line.

For example, [CURSOR UP] is converted to the code "\CU\". If you
examine VJHELP.HLP, you will notice that the help text for [CURSOR UP]
is preceded with "\CU\".

(the [RETURN] function) is converted to the code "\RT\". You
will notice that is usually followed with "\RT\" -- this
defines what the "next screen" is.

You can examine the VJHELP.HLP file to see what all of the
edit-function-codes are.



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The end of VJHELP.HLP includes additional topics, beginning with the
code "\BL\", which are directly accessed by context sensitive help. The
text for these topics can also be altered.


Mouse Support
-------------

The integrated mouse support makes it easy to navigate and select from
the menu system. The mouse can also quickly scroll to other parts of
the file, perform block operations and access on-line help.

If you have a mouse and it is active, the mouse cursor will by default
remain invisible in the upper left corner of the screen. It will become
visible when you move the mouse out of the corner. You can make it
invisible again by moving it back to its corner.

{CONFIG, Misc, Mouse Cursor} controls the mouse support. A value of "0"
disables the mouse support. The default value of "1" starts the mouse
cursor in the upper left hand corner where it is initially "invisible".
This is the preferred value for experienced users. "2" starts the mouse
cursor in the middle of the screen. This reminds new users that
VEDIT Jr. has mouse support.

The mouse support is fully described in the on-line help.

To access on-line help for mouse support:

1. Press [HELP] ().

2. At the prompt "Press key for desired function..." click the left
mouse button.

-OR-

2. Press twice to see the "Help Topics" and enter "mouse".

NOTE: For the mouse to work within VEDIT Jr., you must have the
appropriate mouse driver installed in memory. This is usually
done by loading "MOUSE.SYS" in your CONFIG.SYS file, or
"MOUSE.COM" in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file. Be sure the Microsoft
mouse driver is version 6.24 or later, or that the Logitech
driver is version 4.15 or later. Older mouse drivers may not
support the VGA 50 line mode.


Menu System
-----------

To access the menu system, move the mouse to the status line and click
the left button. To access the {ESCAPE} menu, click the right button.

Select sub-menus and items by moving the mouse to them and clicking the


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left button.

To navigate the menu system, hold down the left button. Sliding the
mouse along the top screen line displays each sub-menu. Sliding the
mouse up/down highlights each item or sub-sub-menu. Placing the mouse
on an item and releasing the left button selects the item.

To escape from the menu system move the mouse off the menus (into the
text) and release the left button. This is the same action as [CANCEL].

Pressing both mouse buttons also performs a [CANCEL]. The best way to
do this is to press and hold the left button; then click the right
button and release the left button.

Clicking the right button within the menu system accesses the on-line
help.


Scroll Bars
-----------

Standard scroll bar functions are available through use of the left
button.

The vertical scroll bar indicates your position with respect to the
entire file. The horizontal scroll bar indicates how much the screen is
scrolled sideways with respect to 1000 columns. (However, you can edit
lines longer than 1000 characters; the scroll bar slider will remain in
the rightmost position.)

Clicking an arrow scrolls in the indicated direction. Holding down the
left button scrolls continuously.

Clicking on the vertical scroll bar above or below the "slider" performs
a [PAGE UP] or [PAGE DOWN] respectively. You can also drag the slider
in order to quickly jump to a relative position in the file. This may
take some time in multi-megabyte files, but will be nearly instananeous
in "browse" mode.

Clicking on the horizontal scroll bar to the left or right of the
"slider" performs a [SCROLL LEFT] or [SCROLL RIGHT] respectively
(typically 20 columns). You can also drag the slider in order to
quickly scroll the screen sideways up to 1000 columns.


"Stealth" Scroll Bars and the Right Button
------------------------------------------

The right button performs useful (and non-standard) mouse operations.

When scroll bars are enabled, the right button can also access them.
When scroll bars are disabled, the rightmost window column is considered
a "stealth" scroll bar, just as if it were visible. Similarly, the



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bottom window line is the stealth horizontal scroll bar.

Clicking the right button on real or "stealth" arrows scrolls in the
desired direction. Clicking anywhere on a real or stealth scroll bar
immediately jumps to the relative position.

To make quick jumps within the file, move the mouse to the relative
position on the real/stealth vertical scroll bar and click the right
button. (This may take some time in multi-megabyte files!)

To [PAGE UP] move the mouse to the four rightmost columns of the top
line, not including the real/stealth scroll bar, and click the right
button.

To [PAGE DOWN] move the mouse to the four rightmost columns of the
bottom line, not including the real/stealth scroll bar, and click the
right button.

You can also [SCROLL UP] / [SCROLL DOWN] by moving the mouse anywhere in
the top/bottom half of the window, respectively, and holding the right
button as long as desired. Moving the mouse further to the right
scrolls the screen faster. THIS IS A VERY CONVENIENT WAY TO SCROLL AT
VARYING SPEEDS.

In summary, the right button responds to these regions of the window:


PgUp^
Scroll Up
(Slow ....................................Fast)





Scroll Down
PgDn
<>v


(Note the slight inconsistency in the lower right corner between "real"
and "stealth" scroll bars.)


Block Operation
---------------

To move the editing cursor to the mouse position, click the left button.

To highlight a block of text, simply drag the mouse over the desired
block of text with the left button held down.

HINTS: To highlight a small block, move the mouse to the desired 1st


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position. Press and hold the left button. Drag the mouse to
the 2nd position -- the highlighting will follow the mouse.
Release the left button. This sets both block markers.

To highlight a block larger than the screen, move the mouse to
the desired 1st position. Press and hold the left button. Move
the mouse to the window border, scroll bar or status line.
Release the left button; this only sets the 1st block marker.
Then page to the desired 2nd position. Finish highlighting, by
pressing, dragging and releasing the left button. Both block
markers are now set.

To copy a block, first highlight the block, setting both markers. Move
the mouse to the position for inserting the block. While holding down
the key click the left button.

Moving a block is similar, except that you hold down the key and
click the left button.


Search/Replace Options
----------------------

The top line of the dialog box for the Search/Replace functions reads
"Press [SEARCH] or [REPLACE] for Options" (when possible, the function
names are replaced with the names of the assigned keys). To access the
search options, move the mouse to this top line and click the left
button.


Notes on Mouse Operation
------------------------

VEDIT's simple dialog boxes display selections in square brackets, i.e.
"[Y]es [N]o". You can answer these by moving the mouse to the selection
letter (or the bracket) and clicking the left button.

When normal prompts are on the screen, the left button acts identical to
the key (when it is not top of a selection). Therefore, the
prompt "Press any key to continue" is satisfied by moving the mouse
anywhere in the window containing the prompt and clicking the left
button.

When prompts and menus are on the screen, the right button acts
identical to the [HELP] key and supplies context sensitive help.

Pressing both buttons together always performs a [CANCEL], cancelling
any current operation. During normal editing, this removes any block
markers.

To make the mouse cursor invisible, move it to the top left hand corner
of the screen. This is useful when the mouse driver is loaded, but you
don't want to use the mouse. Or set {CONFIG, Misc, Mouse cursor} to


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"0".


Keyboard Characters and Screen Display
--------------------------------------

During editing, all displayable characters such as letters, digits and
punctuation are entered directly into the text, while function and
control keys are interpreted as basic "edit functions" or as "keystroke
macros".

VEDIT Jr. allows complete flexibility in determining the desired
keyboard layout. You can assign the basic edit functions to any
function and control keys, and build in as many keystroke macros
("hot-keys") as desired.

Function and control keys which are not assigned to either edit
functions or keystroke macros are usually ignored.

Entering Control and Graphics Characters
----------------------------------------

There are 256 possible characters on any computer. (A computer's basic
memory unit called a "byte" allows 256 possible values). The first 32
characters are called "control characters" and have decimal values 0
through 31 . The normal displayable characters have decimal values 32
through 127. The characters with values of 128 through 255 are called
"graphics characters" or "high bit characters".

To enter a control character into your text, you must precede it with
[ENTER CTRL] (). This technique also lets you enter control
characters into search strings. [ENTER CTRL] is fully described under
the equivalent {EDIT, Enter CTRL Char} in Chapter 6 (Menu Reference).

On the IBM PC, graphics characters can be entered directly by holding
down the key and typing the decimal value of the desired
character. All character values except "00" (the "null" character) can
be entered in this way.

Alternatively, you can enter control and graphics characters into your
file using {MISC, ASCII Table}. This is the only way to enter the
"null" control character with value 00.


How Control and Graphics Characters are Displayed
-------------------------------------------------

Most control characters are normally displayed as a "^" followed by the
corresponding letter, i.e. displays as "^G". Alternatively,
control characters can be displayed literally (i.e. the "smiling face"
on an IBM PC) by changing the configuration parameter {CONFIG, Screen
Display, Screen display options}.



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Graphics characters are normally displayed literally, but can
alternatively be displayed as a decimal value in the format "" by
using the above configuration parameter.

the Tab character is normally displayed as spaces to the next
tab stop. Alternatively, the Tab character can be displayed with any
other character with the configuration parameter {CONFIG, Screen
Display, Tab display character}.

the Line-Feed character always ends a line of text and is the
true "newline" character at the end of each line. The "newline"
character is normally displayed as a space, effectively making it
invisible. Alternatively, a visible "newline" character can be chosen
with {CONFIG, Screen Display, Newline display character}. With DOS text
files, a Line-Feed not preceded by the normal Carriage-return character
is displayed as "".

the Carriage-Return character normally occurs just before the
Line-Feed in DOS text files; in this case it is considered part of the
"newline" and not displayed. Otherwise, a Carriage-return character is
displayed as "".


End of Line Handling (DOS and UNIX)
-----------------------------------

The configuration parameter {CONFIG, File Handling, Newline
character(s)} determines whether VEDIT Jr. expects normal DOS or UNIX
type text files. It determines how "newline" characters are displayed,
deleted and inserted. By setting this parameter you can easily edit
UNIX files under DOS or vice versa.

Each line in a DOS text file normally ends in both a Carriage-Return and
Line-Feed character; this "" pair is considered the normal
"newline" character even though it really is two characters. Pressing
[DELETE] once at the end of a line deletes the pair.
Similarly, pressing (in Insert Mode) inserts a pair.>

If a line in a DOS text file ends in just a Line-Feed, "" is
displayed at the end of the line. Such a line may be corrected by
deleting the line with [DELETE] and then inserting the
pair with .

UNIX text files normally have lines ending in in just a Line-Feed
character, which is therefore the "newline". Pressing inserts
only the Line-Feed character. Carriage-return characters have no
special meaning and are displayed as "".

VEDIT Jr. does not automatically convert a DOS file to UNIX or vice
versa. However, this can be done with a search and replace operation.

To convert a DOS file into a UNIX file:



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1. Go to the beginning of the file with {GOTO, Beginning of File}.

2. Press [REPLACE] ().

3. Enter the following search and replacement strings:

Search?
Replace with?

Enter the """ search string by pressing . Enter
the "" by first pressing [ENTER CTRL] () and then
pressing .

4. At the replacement prompt press "R" to replace all occurrences.
The file is now converted.

To convert a UNIX file into a DOS file:

1. Go to the beginning of the file with {GOTO, Beginning of File}.

2. Press [REPLACE] ().

3. Enter the following search and replacement strings:

Search?
Replace with?


Enter the "" search string by first pressing [ENTER CTRL]
() and then pressing . Enter the "" by
pressing [ENTER CTRL], then , then [ENTER CTRL] and
. (Then press again.)

4. At the replacement prompt press "R" to replace all occurrences.
The file is now converted.


The Key and Tab Characters
--------------------------------

The key is identical to and is almost universally
assigned to the [TAB CHARACTER] function.

In "Insert Mode" the key normally inserts a "Tab" character into
the text. Tab characters are displayed using spaces up to the next tab
stop, even though these spaces do not exist in the text. As a
convenience, you do not have to be in Insert Mode to insert text on top
of a Tab character. The Tab character will not be overwritten until you
reach its last displayed position.

Because of the importance of the key and Tab characters, several
configuration options are available:




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* The tab stops are normally set to every eighth column, but can be
changed with {CONFIG, Tab Stops}. Tab stops can be set at any
desired columns, e.g. at 7, 20, 30 and 73. Tab characters which
occur past the last tab stop are displayed as normal control
characters, i.e "^I".

* Instead of displaying Tab characters using spaces, you can select
another character with {CONFIG, Screen Display, Tab display
character}. A suitable value on an IBM PC is "07". This can make it
easier to distinguish between Tab characters and spaces in your file.

* VEDIT Jr. can be configured to insert multiple spaces (up to the next
tab stop) instead of a Tab character when is pressed. Although
this uses more disk space, it is useful in applications where tab
stops outside of VEDIT Jr. will not be the same as those inside.
This option is also handy with FORTRAN and COBOL programs. This
option is selected with {CONFIG, Emulation, Expand key with
spaces}.

* The operation of the and keys normally depend upon the
"Insert Mode". This can be changed with {CONFIG, Emulation,
Typewriter emulation mode}.


Lower and Upper Case Conversion
-------------------------------

This topic is primarily applicable to programmers, particularly assembly
language programmers.

Several modes are available for converting between lower and upper case
letters as they are typed on the keyboard. These modes are selected
with the parameter {CONFIG, Programming, Lower/upper case key
conversion}, which can take on three values:

0 No conversion takes place. This is the default.

1 All lower case letters are converted to upper case. This is
similar to the "Caps Lock" on a keyboard.

2 Conditional conversion -- lower case letters are converted to
upper case only when the cursor is to left of the "Conditional
conversion character".

3 Similar to (2) except that characters are reversed instead of
being forced to upper case.

Modes "2" and "3" are specifically designed for assembly language
programmers that prefer having the Label, Opcode and Operand in upper
case and the comment in upper and lower case.

In Mode "2" lower case letters are converted to upper case if they occur
to the left of the "conditional conversion character", typically ";".


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To the right of the ";" they are not converted. In this mode an
assembly language program can be entered or edited with all lower case
letters and VEDIT Jr. will automatically convert the labels, opcodes and
operands to upper case while leaving the comment fields alone. The
"conditional conversion character" may be changed with{CONFIG,
Programming, Conditional conversion character}.

Mode "3" is similar to Mode "2"; instead of converting lower case to
upper case, it reverses the case of letters appearing before the ";".
This makes it easier to enter lower case strings into a program (hold
down the shift key to enter lower case letters).

NOTE: This upper/lower case conversion option does not affect any
existing text; use {EDIT, Lower/Upper case} to convert existing
text.


Key Emulation Modes
-------------------

Not only can you assign the basic edit functions to any desired function
or control keys, but you can change how the commonly used edit functions
work. This lets you emulate other editors and word processors and/or
fine tune VEDIT Jr. to your preferences. The "emulation modes" can be
changed with the {CONFIG, Emulation} sub-menu. They are fully described
in Chapter 6 (Menu Reference).

The emulation modes include:

* Cursor positioning modes -- control how the cursor keys move the
cursor past the ends of lines.

* Typewriter emulation modes -- control how the and keys
work in "Insert" and "Overstrike" modes.

* Line emulation mode -- controls how the [LINE BEGIN] and [LINE END]
functions ( and keys) work when the cursor is already at
the beginning/end of the line.

* Special emulation modes -- controls how the [SCREEN BEGIN],
[SCREEN END], [SCROLL UP], [SCROLL DOWN], [SEARCH], [DELETE] and
[BACKSPACE] functions work.

A little experimentation is best for understanding these modes and
deciding which you like best. The on-line help describes these modes in
more detail; select the {CONFIG, Emulation} sub-menu and press the
[HELP] () key.

More sophisticated emulation can be performed with the use of keystroke
macros.





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Other Keyboard Input Options (Technical)
----------------------------------------

Configuration parameter 2.6 (Chapter 8) controls whether VEDIT Jr. reads
the IBM PC keyboard via "ROM BIOS" or "DOS". When set to "ROM BIOS"
(default), keyboard enhancers, such as Borland's Superkey (tm), are
bypassed and have no effect on VEDIT Jr.'s operation; set to "DOS", they
affect operation (which may be desirable or undesirable).

The parameter {CONFIG, Misc, Keyboard input options} controls several
rarely changed options:

* The "8th" bit can be enabled or stripped when reading the keyboard;
you always want it enabled on an IBM PC. Note that this has no
effect on 8-bit characters already in the text. Such characters are
left unmodified when they are read from disk or written to disk.

* 8-bit characters are normally treated as text (graphics) characters.
Alternatively, they can be treated as as function keys. This is
usually not desirable on an IBM PC.

* Unassigned function/control keys can enter their codes directly into
the text.

* The case of all letters can be flipped e.g. typing "a" gives you "A"
and typing "A" gives you "a". (We are not exactly sure why you
would want this, but VEDIT has always had this capability.)


Other Screen Display Issues (Technical)
---------------------------------------

On the IBM PC, VEDIT Jr. produces its own cursor and its appearance is
user selectable. You can choose a solid block, a blinking block or
DOS's normal (system) cursor. Even the blink rate and a specific cursor
color is selectable. These options are a matter of personal preference
and are configured with the {CONFIG, Misc} sub-menu.

(If you installed VEDIT Jr. for the "BIOS" screen interface, the cursor
is not selectable -- the system cursor is used.)

VEDIT Jr. will interrupt screen updates when you are performing rapid
screen changes. Operations such as [PAGE DOWN] require updating the
entire screen. If you press another [PAGE DOWN] while the screen is
updating, VEDIT Jr. interrupts the unwanted update and restarts to
display the most current screen. You are most likely to notice this if
you hold down the [PAGE DOWN] key.








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Keystroke Macros
----------------

In order to use VEDIT Jr. effectively and streamline your own editing
tasks it is important to understand VEDIT Jr.'s extensive "keystroke
macro" facilities.

VEDIT Jr. can remember a sequence of keystrokes and repeatedly play them
back at the press of a key. These stored keystroke sequences are called
"keystroke macros". They let you assign a frequently typed sequence of
keys to a single function or control key. You can define a virtually
unlimited number of keystroke macros and each may contain up to several
hundred keystrokes.

Each keystroke macro is normally assigned to a function or control key
that is not already in use (examples might be , and
). Pressing the single function or control key then performs the
equivalent of typing the entire sequence of keys. This saves you time,
effort and reduces the chance of error.

You can use keystroke macros to repeatedly execute almost any operation
or sequence of operations. This includes selecting items from the
menus, responding to VEDIT Jr. prompts as well as simply typing text.

Keystroke macros have several purposes:

* The most common use of keystroke macros is as "hot-keys" for directly
accessing items within the menu system. Many such "hot-keys" are
built into the "normal" and other supplied keyboard layouts. The
menus display any "hot-keys" which directly access each item.

* Since new keystroke macros can easily be added at any time, you can
define one whenever you find yourself typing the same sequence over
and over again. For example, you could define the key to
type out the whole phrase "attached and included herein by reference"
each time it was pressed.

You can add new keystroke macros at any time. {MISC, Keyboard Layout,
Add Keystroke Macro} lets you define a new keystroke macro and edit it
as you enter it. Alternatively, {MISC, Keyboard Layout, Record Macro}
lets you record a new keystroke macro while you edit your file. See
these functions in Chapter 6 (Menu Reference) for more details.

VEDIT Jr. forgets new keystroke macros when you exit unless you make
them permanent with {CONFIG, Save into VEDIT}.

Example - Adding a new keystroke macro

In this example, will define to enable justification.
(You could also define to disable it.)

1. Select {MISC, Keyboard Layout, Record Macro} (or press ).
You will see the following dialog box:


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VEDIT Jr. Chapter 4 Editing Guide



Press to edit; to enter
Function/Control Key?



2. At the prompt, press . If you make a mistake, press
[BACKSPACE] to delete the keystroke. Now press to accept
.

You are now in "Record Mode" as displayed on the status line.

3. Justification is enabled by setting {CONFIG, Word Processing,
Justify Paragraphs} to "1". Therefore, press the following
sequence of keys: (assumes is [MENU] and is
[CANCEL])

C W J 1

(This keystroke macro ends in [CANCEL] to exit from the menu
system; in general, keystroke macros do not end in [CANCEL].)

Turn off the Record Mode by pressing . The key to turn
off (stop) Record Mode is displayed on the status line. The new
keystroke macro is now fully defined.

Notes:

The function {MISC, Keyboard Layout, Display Layout} displays all
active keystroke macros. The defined in the example above
would display as:

CTRL-F1 [MENU]CWJ1[RETURN][CANCEL]

VEDIT Jr. records the edit functions in a keystroke macro and not
the function and control keys that were pressed. This ensures that
keystroke macros are independent of the keyboard layout -- you can
change the keyboard layout without having to reenter existing
keystroke macros.

You can get a printout of the entire keyboard layout or just the
keystroke macros by selecting {MISC, Keyboard Layout, Print Layout}.













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Scrolling the Screen
--------------------

The screen can be thought of as a "window" into a much larger area of
text. Certainly this larger area can extend above and below the
currently visible text. However, if the text is logically wider than
the actual screen width, it can also extend to the right or left of the
visible text. The areas of text which are not currently visible can be
exposed by "scrolling" the display over to those areas. Scrolling
happens naturally when entering new text as the older text "scrolls" off
the screen.


Vertical Scrolling
------------------

The screen scrolls automatically as the cursor is moved towards the very
top or bottom of the screen. As delivered, VEDIT Jr. will scroll when
the cursor reaches about the third line from the top or bottom of the
screen. This ensures that you always see a few lines before and after
the line you are editing.

You can also use [SCROLL UP] () and [SCROLL DOWN]
() to scroll the screen without having to move the
cursor. This allows you to view lines which are just off the screen.

The configuration program VCONFIG (Chapter 8) lets you select how many
lines of overlap you will see when using [PAGE UP] and [PAGE DOWN], and
how close to the top/bottom of the screen the cursor can get before the
screen scrolls.


Horizontal Scrolling
--------------------

VEDIT Jr. can scroll the the screen sideways for editing documents which
are wider than the display, such as spreadsheets or structured programs.
Similar to vertical scrolling, the screen automatically scrolls as the
cursor is moved toward the beginning or end of long lines. You can also
scroll the screen horizontally without moving the cursor using
[SCROLL RIGHT] () and [SCROLL LEFT]
().

When scrolling sideways, the screen normally jumps by 20 columns at a
time. If desired, this can be changed with {CONFIG, Emulation,
Horizontal scroll increment}.

When editing extremely long lines, you can quickly move the cursor to
any desired column with {GOTO, Column #}.






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Wrapping Long Lines on the Screen
---------------------------------

Long lines normally extend off the right side of the screen.
Alternatively, you can have them wrap onto multiple screen lines. This
lets you see an entire long line at once.

To wrap long text lines onto multiple screen lines:

1. Select {CONFIG, Emulation, Horizontal scroll margin}.

2. At the prompt enter a new value of "79".

The "horizontal scroll margin" (independent of the word processing right
margin) determines at which column VEDIT Jr. wraps long lines.

Lines longer than the horizontal scroll margin are wrapped to the next
screen (window) line. These additional screen lines are called
"continuation lines" and are indicated with a special "continuation
character", typically a reverse video "-" (dash) in the leftmost column.
The continuation character can be changed with the configuration program
VCONFIG (Chapter 8).

When the horizontal scroll margin is set, the leftmost column is
reserved for the continuation character -- lines which are not
continuation lines have a space in the first column. Therefore only 79
characters can be displayed per screen line (assuming 80 character
width); that is why "79" and NOT "80" is typically chosen for the
horizontal scroll margin.

The horizontal scroll margin can be set to values up to 255 which is
obviously wider than your screen. In this case, only lines longer than
the scroll margin and wrapped, and normal horizontal scrolling is used
to view columns up to the scroll margin. Since continuation lines are
quite obvious on the screen, this lets you flag lines longer than a
specified length, e.g. lines that are too long for your application.

For example, your compiler may not support lines longer than 132
characters. In this case, set the horizontal scroll margin to 132 and
any longer lines will be obvious on the screen.

Notes:

Setting the horizontal scroll margin slows down screen updates by
about 25% due to this feature's computational overhead.

To reduce the amount of unwanted side to side scrolling, especially
on CRT terminals, the [LINE END] function can be configured with
{CONFIG, Emulation, Line emulation mode} to only go to the end of
the screen line instead of the end of the text line.





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Block Operations
----------------

One of the most useful features of VEDIT Jr. is its ability to copy,
move, delete, save and reuse blocks of text. A "block" can be any
amount of text from one character to an entire file. A block can be
either a group of contiguous characters called a "character block" or a
vertical column which extends down through the middle of your text
called a "columnar block".

A block is selected (marked) by setting beginning and ending "block
markers". VEDIT Jr. highlights this area so you can see what you have
selected.

Block editing functions such as {BLOCK, Delete} are not available, and
are not even listed in the menus, until you have selected a block of
text.

Selecting a block of text not only lets you perform block editing
functions, but also changes the operation of other editing functions.
For example, when the cursor is within a highlighted block of text, the
[INDENT] and [UNDENT] functions indent/undent the entire block;
otherwise these functions only change the current left margin.


Marking (selecting) a Block of Text
-----------------------------------

The description for {BLOCK, Set Marker} in Chapter 6 (Menu Reference)
describes in detail how to mark a block of text.

In short, move the cursor to the beginning of the block and select
{BLOCK, Set Marker} () to highlight a "character" block, or {BLOCK,
Set Column Marker} () to highlight a "columnar" block. As you
now move the cursor, intervening text will be highlighted.

Many block operations including {BLOCK, Delete} and {PRINT, Block} can
be performed after setting only the first marker the cursor position
acts as the second marker. However, if you need to or want to, you can
set the second block marker by again selecting {BLOCK, Set Marker} or
{BLOCK, Set Column Marker}. After setting the second block marker, the
status line will display "BLOCK" and moving the cursor will not affect
the highlighted block. All block operations are now available.

You can also use the mouse to mark and highlight a block of text.

NOTES: The "normal" VEDIT Jr. keyboard layout assigns as a
"hot-key" for {BLOCK, Set Marker}. If your layout does not have
an assignment for this function, you can alternatively press
[BLOCK COPY] even if you do not want to copy a block.
[BLOCK COPY] also sets the block markers -- until both block
markers are set, it only sets the block markers; when both block
markers are set, it copies the block to the current cursor


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position.

To remove the block markers it is usually simplest to press
[CANCEL] ().


What Exactly Does the Block Include?
------------------------------------

For "character" blocks you must mark the end of the block with the
cursor one character PAST the last character to be included in the
block. In other words, the character just before the cursor is the last
character included in the block.

Therefore, if you end a "character" block at the end of a line, the
(invisible) "newline" character will not be included. On the other
hand, if you end the block at the beginning of the next line, the
preceding "newline" character will be included.

This exclusion of the character at the cursor position may not make
sense at first, but once you are used to it, it simplifies block
operations.

Although VEDIT Jr. displays the "cursor" on top of characters, it is
best to think of the cursor as being between characters. Indeed,
"graphics mode" word processors such as Microsoft Word (tm) and Xerox
Ventura Publisher (tm) display the "cursor" between characters.
However, because this is not possible in "text mode", VEDIT Jr. is
forced to display the cursor on top of the next character.

If you think of the cursor as really being between characters, you will
understand why VEDIT Jr. marks the ends of blocks the way it does.

However, we violate the above reasoning when marking "columnar" blocks.
It is much more intuitive and useful to include the character at the
cursor position when marking the end of a columnar block.


Copying / Moving Text Within Your File
--------------------------------------

The description for {BLOCK, Copy to Cursor} in Chapter 6 (Menu
Reference) describes in detail how to copy a block of text within your
file.

In short, first select the block of text to be copied by setting both
block markers. Next move the cursor to the position where you would
like the same text. Then select {BLOCK, Copy to Cursor} or press
[BLOCK COPY] (). Alternatively, to move the block, i.e. "cut"
it from its original position and "paste" it into the new position,
select {BLOCK, Move to Cursor} or press [BLOCK MOVE] ().

Copying a block of text to two or more places in your file or into


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another file is best done with the use of a "text register".


[BLOCK COPY] and [BLOCK MOVE]
-----------------------------

[BLOCK COPY] and [BLOCK MOVE] are "smart" edit functions that give you
additional flexibility in setting block markers. Their operation
depends upon how many block markers are set -- see the table below. The
best way to understand their action is to try them in each situation.

For example, when no block markers are set, pressing [BLOCK COPY] sets
the first block marker; pressing it again (after moving the cursor) sets
the second block marker; pressing it a third time copies the highlighted
block to the current cursor position. In this way, only a single key is
needed to copy a block of text.

Block Function Key Behavior

Function Key No Marker Set 1st Marker Set 2nd Marker Set

[BLOCK COPY] Set 1st Marker Set 2nd Marker Copy to cursor
[BLOCK MOVE] Set 1st Marker Set 2nd Marker Move to cursor

Notes:

The "normal" VEDIT Jr. keyboard layout assigns to {BLOCK, Set
Marker}. Alternatively you could assign to [BLOCK COPY].
would then perform a convenient combination of setting block markers
and copying a block of text.


The Text Register
-----------------

VEDIT Jr. provides a text holding area called a "text register". A text
register is similar to "memory" on a calculator. You can use the
register to store text independently of the text you're editing.

To copy a block of text into the text register, highlight the block of
text and select {BLOCK, Copy to Register} or press [T-REG COPY]
(). Alternatively, to also remove the highlighted block from
the file, select {BLOCK, Move to Register} or press [T-REG MOVE]
().

The status line message "TEXT" now indicates that something is stored in
the text register.

You can insert the contents of the text register anywhere in your file
or in another file. Place the cursor at the desired location and select
{BLOCK, Insert Register} or press [T-REG INSERT] ().

The contents of the text register are lost when you exit VEDIT Jr.


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Columnar Blocks
---------------

VEDIT Jr. can manipulate columns of text. A "columnar block" is a
rectangle of characters in the middle of your text. It can be anywhere
from 1 character wide to the full width of the text being edited. It
can also extend from as little as one line to many pages in length.
Once you have marked (highlighted) a columnar block, you can perform any
of VEDIT Jr.'s block operations on it. You can also restrict a
search/replace operation to the columnar block.

Columnar blocks are especially convenient for editing tabular data. For
example, you could copy a particular table of numbers, say between lines
10 and 20 and between columns 30 and 40 to the text register. You could
then insert this table next to another table of numbers, say beginning
on line 50 and column 60.

To make columnar block operations appear as natural as possible,
VEDIT Jr. performs some additional manipulations on your text. First,
it assumes that a columnar block being copied should have a flush right
margin. Since some lines being copied may be too short to reach the
block's right margin, the copy of these lines is padded with spaces to
make it flush. This insures that when the columnar block is inserted,
it does not destroy the alignment of the following text. Similarly,
when inserting a columnar block, spaces are added to pad short text
lines which do not reach the insertion column. This keeps the inserted
text aligned.

In some cases, such as inserting a columnar block at the end of text
lines, these extra spaces become trailing spaces which are not needed
for alignment purposes. You can select with {CONFIG, Emulation, Trim
spaces after columnar block insert} whether these trailing spaces are
trimmed from the text.

Second, if the columnar block being copied contains Tab characters,
these tabs are converted to spaces. (This is essential for columnar
operations to work as expected.) When the columnar block is inserted,
you can select with {CONFIG, Emulation, Retab after columnar block
insert} whether these spaces (and adjacent spaces in the existing text)
are converted back to Tab characters.

NOTE: This trimming and tab/space conversion applies only to the
inserted text and adjacent spaces. It DOES NOT affect the
entire file and only applies in COLUMN mode.


Columnar Block Examples
-----------------------

To perform columnar block operations mark the desired block with {BLOCK,
Set Column Marker} (). After setting the first block marker,
the highlighting shows precisely which characters are included in the
block. You should immediately notice the difference in the way the text


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is highlighted in Column Mode.

NOTE: When columnar markers are set, [CURSOR RIGHT] will move past the
end of short lines (similar to cursor positioning mode 4). This
lets you set the right column past short lines.

The following screen shows a columnar block highlighted. Note that the
cursor is in the lower right corner of the block. (Unlike character
blocks, columnar blocks include the character at the cursor position.)

SAMPLE.TXT LINE: 7 COL: 22 1-END INS F1=HELP

7777777777777777777777777777
77777777777700000000077777
777777777777000000000777
7777777777770000000007
77777777777700000000
777777777777000000
7777777777770000
77777777777777



After copying this block to the text register, the register will contain:

000000000
000000000
000000000
00000000.
000000..
0000...


The "." are spaces which the columnar block copy added to the register
in order to give it a flush right margin.

Now consider the following text before inserting this register.

SAMPLE.TXT LINE: 2 COL: 9 INS F1=HELP

rrrrrrrrssssssssssssssssss
rrrrrrrrsssssssssssssssss
rrrrrrrrssssssssssssssssss
rrrrrrrrssssssssssssssssss
rrrrrrrrssssssssssssssssss
rrrrrrrrssssssssssssssssss
rrrrrrrrssssssssssssssssss
rrrrrrrrssssssssssssssssss



After inserting the register, the screen will display:



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SAMPLE.TXT LINE: 7 COL: 18 INS F1=HELP

rrrrrrrrssssssssssssssssss
rrrrrrrr000000000ssssssssssssssssss
rrrrrrrr000000000ssssssssssssssssss
rrrrrrrr000000000ssssssssssssssssss
rrrrrrrr00000000.ssssssssssssssssss
rrrrrrrr000000...ssssssssssssssssss
rrrrrrrr0000.....sssssssssssssssss
rrrrrrrrssssssssssssssssss



This shows the importance of the added extra spaces when the block was
initially copied to the text register.

Now consider the following text before inserting the same text register.
Note that text lines 6 and 7 do not reach the insertion column.

SAMPLE.TXT LINE: 2 COL: 14 INS F1=HELP

rrrrrrrrrrrrrsssssssssssss
rrrrrrrrrrrrrsssssssss
rrrrrrrrrrrrrsssssss
rrrrrrrrrrrrrssss
rrrrrrrrrrrrrs
rrrrrrrrrrr
rrrrrrrr
rrrrr



After inserting the same register, the screen will display:

SAMPLE.TXT LINE: 7 COL: 22 INS F1=HELP

rrrrrrrrrrrrrsssssssssssss
rrrrrrrrrrrrr000000000ssssssssss
rrrrrrrrrrrrr000000000sssssss
rrrrrrrrrrrrr000000000ssss
rrrrrrrrrrrrr00000000.s
rrrrrrrrrrr..000000...
rrrrrrrr.....0000.....
rrrrr



By padding text lines 6 and 7 with spaces, the inserted block also
remains aligned.

Notice that the extra spaces added to the text register are now trailing
spaces on lines 6 and 7 above and serve no alignment purpose. When
{CONFIG, Emulation, Trim spaces after columnar block insert} is enabled


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(the default), these extra spaces are trimmed following the insertion.

To demonstrate this trimming, consider the following text register.
Note that it contains a blank line consisting of spaces.

000000000
000000000
.....
00000000.
000000..
0000...


Consider the following text which contains three trailing spaces on
lines 4, 6 and 8. (Remember that trailing spaces are invisible unless
you change {CONFIG, Screen Display, Newline display character} to
display the location of the "newline" at the end of each line.)

SAMPLE.TXT LINE: 2 COL: 14 INS F1=HELP

rrrrrrrrrrrrrsssssssssssss
rrrrrrrrrrrrrsssssssss
rrrrrrrrrrrrrsssssss
rrrrrrrrr...
rrrrrrrrrrrrrs
rrrrrrrrrrr...
rrrrrrrr
rrrrr...



With {CONFIG, Emulation, Trim spaces after columnar block insert}
enabled, inserting the text register will change the screen to:

SAMPLE.TXT LINE: 7 COL: 18 INS F1=HELP

rrrrrrrrrrrrrsssssssssssss
rrrrrrrrrrrrr000000000ssssssssss
rrrrrrrrrrrrr000000000sssssss
rrrrrrrrr
rrrrrrrrrrrrr00000000.s
rrrrrrrrrrr..000000
rrrrrrrr.....0000
rrrrr...



The trailing spaces, including the existing ones on lines 4, have been
trimmed. However, the trailing spaces on line 8, which was not involved
in the insertion, still remain.

As explained earlier, Tab characters in a columnar block operation are
first converted to spaces and can optionally be converted back to Tab


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characters. However, a single space is never converted to a Tab
character. Also, the first two spaces following a "." (period), "!" and
":" are not converted to a Tab character. This makes columnar block
operations more compatible with the needs of word processing.

The above discussion also applies to columnar block copy/move operations
performed with [BLOCK COPY] and [BLOCK MOVE]. These are implemented
with an internal text register and therefore operate identically.

A side benefit of this tab/space conversion is the ability to convert
all the Tab characters in the edit buffer into spaces, or convert
sequence of spaces into Tab characters. First mark the entire edit
buffer as a columnar block; then move the block into a text register.
If you only want spaces in the file, disable {CONFIG, Emulation, Retab
after columnar block insert} and insert the text register back in. If
you want spaces converted to Tab characters, enable {CONFIG, Emulation,
Retab after columnar block insert} and insert the text register.


Search and Replace
------------------

The descriptions for {SEARCH, Search} and {SEARCH, Replace} in Chapter 6
(Menu Reference) describe in detail how to perform normal search and
replace operations. Therefore, this discussion assumes you already know
the basics of "search strings" and "replacement strings".


Pattern Matching
----------------

Pattern matching makes it possible to search not only for particular
characters, but also for types of characters such as "any digit", or for
characters that meet special conditions such as "occurring at the
beginning of a line". You could even search for any five letter word
beginning in "t" and ending in "n".

These generalized searches are performed by using "pattern matching
codes" within the search string. Each pattern matching code consists of
the special character "|" followed by another character -- typically a
mnemonic letter.

NOTE: Although the mnemonic letter may be entered in upper or lower
case, for purposes of clarity, all examples show these letters
in upper case.

Here are a few examples of search strings using pattern matching:

|D|D Search for two consecutive digits.

|N|D|D|D|N|D Search for next two digit number. (It will not match
a three digit number.)



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| of a line.

t|A|A|An Search for any five letter word beginning in "t" and
ending in "n".

The following list describes all pattern matching codes:

|A Match any alphabetic letter, upper or lower case.

|B Match a blank - a single Space or Tab.

|C Match any Control Character - a character with an ASCII
decimal value of 0 to 31.

|D Match any numeric digit - "0" through "9". This code does
not match "." or ",".

|F Match any alphanumeric character - a letter or a digit.

|G Match any group character - {}, [], <> and (). (Internally
used by {GOTO, Matching ()}.)

|L Match the "newline" character. When {CONFIG, File Handling,
"Newline" character(s)} is set to "0" (default for DOS),
this matches a "Carriage-Return", "Line-Feed" pair as a
single "newline" character. Otherwise it matches a single
"Line-Feed" character.

|N Match any character except the following character or
pattern code. Use this code to exclude a certain character
or type of character. For example, to search for "exam " or
"examiner" but not "exams", use "exam|Ns". Think of "|Nx"
as "not x".

|S Match any separator - a character which is not a letter or a
digit.

|T Match selected separators (terminators). This is similar to
"|S" but will only match the following characters:

; : , ' " Space Tab Carriage-Return Line-Feed

This code is primarily useful for programming language
constructs where characters such as "$" and "_" may be part
of variable names and labels.

|U Match any upper case letter.

|V Match any lower case letter.

|W Match "white space" - one or more Spaces and/or Tabs.



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|X Match any single character; this is the simple "wildcard"
similar to "?" in DOS filenames.

|0 Match the "Null" character (ASCII 0).

|< Match the beginning of a line -- the following matched
characters must occur at the beginning of a line.

|> Match the end of a line -- the following matched characters
must occur at the end of a line.

|| Match the "|" character. Since "|" starts a pattern
matching code, you need two together to search for a single
"|" in your text.

Most pattern matching codes match a single character; however, some will
match zero, one or even many characters. The code "|W" matches "white
space" -- one or more spaces and/or Tab characters. For example, search
and replacement strings to replace all white space at the beginning of a
line with a single Tab character are:

Search? |<|W
Replace with?

The codes "|<" and "|>" match zero characters; they only ensure that the
entire search string matches at the beginning or end of the line,
respectively.

Remember when using the [REPLACE] function that ALL text characters that
are matched by the search string are replaced by the new text. This is
where the difference between "|<" and "|L" is important text matched
with "xxxx|<" does not include the "newline" character, while text
matched with "xxxx|L" does include the "newline".






















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Word Processing Functions
-------------------------

In addition to its wide range of features for general purpose editing,
VEDIT Jr. has features specifically designed to assist with word
processing. These include:

Left Margin for When a left margin is set, VEDIT Jr. indents new
Indented Text lines of text by automatically adding tabs and
spaces (or just spaces) to reach the left margin.
Existing paragraphs and arbitrary blocks of text can
also be indented.

Right Margin and Setting a right margin also enables "word wrap"
Word Wrap words which would exceed the right margin are
instead "wrapped" to the next line without breaking
the word in half. VEDIT Jr. performs word wrap by
inserting a normal "newline" character before the
wrapped word just as if you had pressed .

Paragraph If desired, each paragraph can have different left
Formatting and right margins. The margins for an existing
paragraph can also be changed and the paragraph then
"re-formatted" to fit the new margins.

Justification When paragraphs are formatted, they can optionally
also be justified. Justification produces a
straight right edge to the text by adding spaces
between words on each line.

Center Line Lines of text can quickly be centered between the
current left and right margins with the {EDIT,
Center Line} function.

Unlike dedicated word processors, VEDIT Jr.'s word processing functions
never insert special "control codes". Paragraphs are formatted by
inserting only "newline" characters (a Carriage-Return and Line-Feed
pair). Text is indented by using only Tab characters and spaces; if
desired only spaces can be used.

This makes it possible to use text files formatted with VEDIT Jr. with
almost any other program. For example, VEDIT Jr. is ideal for preparing
and editing text files using with Desktop Publishing packages such as
XEROX Ventura(tm).


Definition of "Word" and "Paragraph"
------------------------------------

It is important to know exactly what VEDIT Jr. considers to be a word
and a paragraph.

Words are allowed to have embedded periods in them, as in "i.e.". A


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comma "," always ends a word, even if the comma is not followed by a
space. As a special case, numbers with embedded commas, such as
"10,000" are treated as one word. Of course spaces, tabs ("white
space") and "newlines" separate words from each other. All other
characters are allowed in words.

To VEDIT Jr., a paragraph is separated from preceding or following
paragraphs by at least one blank line or a line which starts with a "."
"!" or "@" in the first column. Lines starting with these characters
are assumed to be "print formatting commands" for programs like our
V-PRINT. Print formatter command lines are not considered part of any
paragraph and are therefore never re-formatted.


Indenting Text (Left Margin)
----------------------------

There are several ways to indent text so that it does not begin in the
first column. You can, of course, type spaces at the beginning of each
line to be indented. This is the normal way of indenting the first line
of a new paragraph. However, VEDIT Jr. can indent each new line of text
for you, automatically. This is useful in word processing for indenting
entire paragraphs, and for editing programs written in structured
languages such as C, Pascal and PL/I.

The left margin determines how much newly entered lines will be
indented. Normally the left margin is set to column 1. Pressing
[INDENT] () increases the left margin and [UNDENT] () reduces
the left margin. These functions change the left margin by the "indent
increment", which is normally "4", but configurable.

The left margin can also be changed with {CONFIG, Word Processing, Left
margin}.

VEDIT Jr. indents text by padding the beginning of lines with Tab
characters and spaces. The optimum number of tabs and spaces will be
used and depends upon the currently set tab stops. If you prefer text
to be indented using only spaces, set {CONFIG, Emulation, Expand
key with spaces} to "Yes".

VEDIT Jr. has another mode of indentation called "auto-indent". It is
primarily intended for editing structured programming languages such as
"C". In auto-indent mode, each new line will be indented the same
amount as the previous text line. You can then change the indentation
of the new line by pressing [INDENT] or [UNDENT] to start or end a block
of program instructions. The main advantage of auto-indent mode is that
you can jump around in a program and newly entered instructions will
automatically fit the indentation of the current block of instructions.

Auto-indent and the "indent increment" are configurable with {CONFIG,
Programming, Auto-indent mode} and {CONFIG, Programming, Indent
increment}.



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HINTS Do not not indent your text to keep it from printing on the left
edge of the paper. The print functions let you set a separate
"printer margin" for this purpose.

[INDENT] is not designed for indenting the first line of a
paragraph. Spaces should be used for that purpose.


Word Wrap (Right Margin)
------------------------

Setting the right margin enables "word wrap" which automatically starts
a new line when text reaches the right margin. The entire word, which
would otherwise exceed the right margin, is wrapped to the next line
without breaking the word in half. The new line will start at the
current left margin.

Ordinarily, the right margin is disabled. To enable it, use {CONFIG,
Word Processing, Right margin}. The right margin is the last column in
which a displayable character can occur. However, spaces, especially
the typical two spaces following a sentence, are allowed to exceed this
margin.

A value of zero turns the right margin off, disabling both word wrap and
the {EDIT, Format Paragraph} function.

The right margin can be greater than the screen line length, in which
case VEDIT Jr. will either scroll the screen horizontally or display a
continuation line before the word wrap takes place.

As you edit a paragraph, existing text will sometimes extend past the
right margin. This is normal, because word wrap only occurs when new
text is entered past the right margin. You can get all the text back
between the margins by reformatting the paragraph.

IMPORTANT NOTES: The right margin should be turned off when editing
programs; otherwise, accidentally selecting {EDIT,
Format Paragraph} will generally scramble your
program. VEDIT's "undo" usually cannot recover the
text in this case.

Do not confuse the right margin with the "Horizontal
Scroll Margin" -- the latter only controls how long
lines are displayed on the screen.


Formatting and Justifying Paragraphs
------------------------------------

VEDIT Jr. can "format" a paragraph to fit it between the current left
and right margins. To do this, VEDIT Jr. may move one or more words
from the end of a line to the beginning of the next line or borrow words
from the beginning of the following line to fill out a line. In the


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process, the number of lines in the paragraph may change. VEDIT Jr. can
optionally add extra spaces between words to "justify" (straighten) the
right edge of the paragraph.

The paragraph will be formatted to fit between the current left and
right margins. For example, if a paragraph is indented 8 spaces before
formatting and the left margin is currently 4, formatting the paragraph
will result in it being indented only 4 characters.

To format a paragraph, first ensure that the left and right margins are
set as desired, place the cursor anywhere in the paragraph and select
{EDIT, Format Paragraph} (). After formatting, the cursor is
advanced to the beginning of the next paragraph so that you can easily
format several consecutive paragraphs.

After formatting a paragraph or using word wrap, you may notice that
each text line ends in a space. This actually is the space you typed
between the words. Lines ending in a period "." are typically followed
by two spaces. These spaces at the end of a line are allowed to exceed
the right margin.

When formatting paragraphs, VEDIT Jr. attempts to maintain double spaces
between sentences, i.e. after ".", "!" and "?".

NOTE: An indented line is not enough to separate one paragraph from
another; blank lines MUST be used to separate paragraphs.
Otherwise, re-formatting paragraphs will combine several
paragraphs into one!


Offset Paragraphs
-----------------

An "Offset Paragraph" is a special type of paragraph whose first line is
not indented the same distance as the rest of the paragraph.
VEDIT Jr. maintains this difference in indentation when formatting a
paragraph as in the following examples.

This is an offset paragraph. Notice how the first line is
indented 4 character spaces further than the rest of the paragraph.

When this paragraph is reformatted with different margins, the second
line will be aligned with the left margin and the first line will be
indented the same four spaces.

An offset paragraph can also have the first line outdented from the
remainder of the paragraph.

1. This is an offset paragraph. Notice how the first line is at
the left margin while the remaining lines are indented 4
characters.

When this paragraph is reformatted with different margins, the first


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line will be aligned with the left margin.


Justification
-------------

When "justification" is enabled with {CONFIG, Word Processing, Justify
paragraphs}, VEDIT Jr. will adjust the spacing between words to create a
straight right edge to the paragraph.

This is a justified paragraph. Notice how the
spacing is randomly adjusted between words
to maintain a justified right margin. This is
preferable in some, but not all applications.

If you need to edit text after it has been been justified, it is easier
if you first "unjustify" the text. This removes the additional spaces
between words, leaving the right margin ragged. (It will leave two
spaces following ".", "?" ":" and "!"). To unjustify a paragraph,
change {CONFIG, Word Processing, Justify Paragraphs} to "2" and reformat
the paragraph.

SUGGESTION: Documents justified by another word processor should first
be unjustified for easier editing with VEDIT Jr.































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