Category : Windows 3.X Files
Archive : NTEVAL.ZIP
Filename : NTEVAL.HLP
Output of file : NTEVAL.HLP contained in archive : NTEVAL.ZIP
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¢P lbn UNIX5.BMP ®lb * 8 B L ÿ! ÿ BANY.RTF k9 ¡ RELIABLE ÿ! ! KERNELSYSTEM ÿ ÿO ÿ l ªâR- The Windows NT Evaluation Guide § & Send comments to [email protected] 3 ® 1994 Microsoft Corporation. All Rights Reserved. þ è ( @ ÀÀÀ ÿ ÿ ÿÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿ ÿÿÿ À Ì Ì @ ° À Ì ÌÀ »° À ÌÀ »° ÌÀ »° ÌÀ »° LÀ ³ " " " " $ ê´æ§â¥Z7êZ¯ê´æ§ÿÿÿÿêe·êf²âjª·ê³$ÿÿÿÿÿoÿÿû"çù¢ íú ïn û" ù¢ íú ïn û" ù¢ íú ïn û" ù¢ íú ïn û" ù¢ íû ïÿÀ?ÿÿÿÿ B CreateButton("btn_topic_index", "|<<", "GoToMark(`topic_index')") BrowseButtons() A CreateButton("btn_next_index", ">>|", "GoToMark(`topic_index')") g CreateButton("btn_gloss", "&Glossary", "JumpId(`nteval.hlp>gloss', `GLOSSARY_OF_TERMS_AND_ACRONYMS')") ! DisableButton("btn_topic_index") F CreateButton("btn_toolhelp", "?", "PopupID(`nteval.hlp',`toolhelp')") B CBB("btn_contents", "JumpId(`nteval.hlp', `understanding_main')") : AA(0x20, 0, "JumpId(`nteval.hlp', `understanding_main')") Y InsertItem("mnu_help","itm_about","About This &Guide","JI(`nteval.hlp',`about_main')",0) Z ÿmain main The Windows NT Evaluation Guide O m # # ÌO,ÿl ÿÿ ÀÀÀ ÀÀÀ Z ÿsecondary gloss Windows NT Glossary ation Guide O g # # ÌO,ÿl ôÿ ÀÀÀ ÀÀÀ Z ÿsecondary w32cat 32 bit Applications for Windows NT w # # ÌO,ÿlº 0p ÀÀÀ ÀÀÀ Ä » ÿÿÿÿ Y ( ÿÿÿÿe 1 Ä ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ e 0
Creating the Windows NT Evaluation Guide8 % & ° ÿ About This Guide ì e ² ) Ù ÿ This hypertext guide contains over 1000 pages of information and over 100 separate graphics. It consolidates most of the available Windows NT marketing materials as well as strategic whitepapers on Microsofts Open Services Architecture, Object Linking and Embedding and other important computing technologies. It took two individuals approximately five months to develop this guide. This included the development of content as well as the creation and production of the interactive media. à ± / ,c ãÛP26ÿ This guide was created using Microsoft products including Microsoft Word for Windows 6.0, the Microsoft Windows Help Compiler, Microsoft Access, Microsoft Project and the Microsoft Hot Spot Editor. To expedite many of the tedious and repetitive processes, we employed several of the Microsoft Office Automation components. One specific example was creation of the Solution Provider Guide. (which has about 300 entries)The Mail Merge automation between Microsoft Access and Microsoft Word 6.0 made this process both flexible(since as the database changes it is reflected in the document) and intelligent - we were able to use the Microsoft Word Macros to generate the helpfile format. 8 ² Ê ) ÿ Helpfiles require no run-time license and are easy to create. Their interactive nature facilitates quick information retrieval and the ability to browse and scan topics at a pace compatible with ones level of time and interest. Like most Microsoft products, the help compiler allows you to start external applications and access Dynamic Link Libraries (DLLs) through a macro language. Creating a help file does not require previous programming experience and thus provides powerful functions to a broad base of individuals. µ ) ° ÿ Internally, Microsoft uses Helpfiles to provide quick, informative information on tools and processes. For instance, in the search for editors and technical writers, for this project we consulted a helpfile developed by Microsofts Corporate Communications Group. This tool provides detailed information on contracting external resources and generally simplifies what can be a tedious process. ± Ê 0
* " ÿ Any Questions or comments on this guide, the content or its construction may be directed over the Internet to: [email protected] ² â
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2 2I ° ÿ Because administration is critical to the deployment of any system solution, one of the primary design goals for the Microsoft ® Windows NT operating system was to ensure that it was extensively yet easily managed in an enterprise environment. As a result, Windows NT provides one of the most comprehensive set of management facilities ever offered in an operating system. Graphical tools help administrators centrally configure both systems and users quickly and easily. Every management tool provided with Windows NT is fully remoteable, optimizing the effectiveness of administrators and help desk personnel, and making their talents available across the enterprise. ò ¡ - õ Q pC °ãcA
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ã-Àè¤ ÿ The Graphical, Remote Administration Tools Remote Administration in Windows NT Account Management and Domains Auditing Frequently Asked Questions S " H 1 ï Ò H fB The Graphical Administration ToolsT - õ ' Z R ÿ The Graphical, Remote Administration Tools H ¹A t ¶; ° âW×É
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ÿ Windows NT provides a wide variety of services which can be accessed using any of a number of intuitive graphical tools. Every management tool--from the Registry Editor to the Performance Monitor--can be accessed directly by applications and all are fully remoteable across the enterprise. Windows NT Setup User Manager User Profile Editor Performance Monitor Event Viewer Control Panel [ fB R t¶ °ã9fVl
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ÿ Server Manager and Services The Registry Editor File Manager Print Manager F ¹A ¬B 1 q ÿÿÿÿ¬B ûK Remote Administration? fB ëB ' 0 ÄR ÿ Remote Administration t ¬B D & é ° ÿ A commonly used feature of UNIX is the capability to login remotely. You can connect to any machine and perform administrative tasks remotely. Likewise, you can use any of the Windows NT and Windows NT Advanced Server administration tools remotely but without logging in to the remote machine. Here are some examples of things that you can do without leaving your desk: ¶ C ëB ;E s #¶ °ÿ ° ÿ R ° ÿ ,T °âÆÑà
ÿÿÿ Monitor a remote desktops performance Performance Monitor » H D öE s #¶ °ÿ ° ÿ h ° ÿ ,j °âÚò
ÿÿÿ Monitor a remote print job and adjust priorities Print Manager ¿ L ;E µF s #¶ °ÿ ° ÿ Z ° ÿ ,\ °â£
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ÿÿÿ Create local accounts on a remote machine User Manager for Domains : öE bG s #¶t °ÿ ° ÿ T ° ÿ ,V °âbÜÃ
ÿÿÿ View System events on a remote machine Event Log ¹ R µF H g #¤ °ÿ ° ÿ ° ÿ °ÿÿÿ Redirect system alerts from other systems to your own desktop Server Manager ¾ K bG ÙH s #¶ °ÿ ° ÿ h ° ÿ ,j °â.ß
ÿÿÿ Inspect the connections to any Windows NT system Network Watcher* ² ? H I s #¶~ °ÿ ° ÿ R ° ÿ ,T °âyoQ
ÿÿÿ Edit the Registry on a remote machine Registry Editor É V ÙH TJ s #¶¬ °ÿ ° ÿ ° ÿ , °âÚÕ
ÿÿÿ Build directories and set access privileges on a remote machine File Manager ¼ I I K s #¶ °ÿ ° ÿ h ° ÿ ,j °â¯ Æ
ÿÿÿ Send network messages to popup on users' screens Server Manager à P TJ ÓK s #¶ °ÿ ° ÿ l ° ÿ ,n °âÇÑà
ÿÿÿ Check the free hard disk space on a remote machine Performance Monitor ( K ûK % ° ÿ = ÓK 8L 1 ¢ 8L nL ë Event Viewer6 ûK nL ' R ÿ Event Viewer p = 8L ÞN 3 4{ ° âbÜÃ
ÿ The Event Viewer , as its name implies, is used to record and view Windows NT events. An event is any significant occurrence, in the system or in an application, that warrants notification of the user. For critical events, Windows NT can notify users with an alert on the screen. For those events that do not require immediate attention, Windows NT can add information to an event log file. Event logs can be viewed in real-time, or can be saved for later analysis. The Event Viewer is the single facility for logging events by system and Windows-based applications. û Ò nL å ) ¥
ÿ The Event Viewer has three defined logs: System, Security, and Application. The System Log records all events relating to the base operating system, device drivers, and services. For example, if a driver or system component fails to load on bootinÞN å ûK g, this generates an event in the log. The Security Log records events relating to system security, such as failed logons. The Application Log records events generated by applications, such as "log file too large." Ö ÞN ë 0 . °
ÿ The Event Viewer has five defined event types: Error, Warning, Information, Success Audit, and Fail Audit (the last two are used for the security log). The Event Viewer supports various combinations of log "retention wrapping." You set the log size and choose what you want it to do when the log is full. You can tell it to overwrite as needed, overwrite events older than a specified number of days, or not to overwrite events at all, so you can clear the log manually. The Event Viewer supports comprehensive filtering. You can filter by event types, date and time of events, source, category, user, computer, or event ID. Event logs can be saved in archive log format to be later reopened in the Event Viewer, or saved as text format or comma-delimited text for later analysis (on a spreadsheet, for example). As with many of the administrative tools, the Event Viewer is fully remoteable and can be used to view events on remote Windows NT machines and down-level servers. D å / 1 æ / l ¿ The Registry Editor= ë l ' , R ÿ The Registry Editor ¤ q / 3 4ã °° âyoQ
ÿ The Registry Editor is a tool for viewing and manipulating the configuration registry. The registry is a database that contains secure configuration information. It is structured as a disjointed set of multi-way trees. Each node in the tree is named, and each tree is rooted at a pre-defined, known node called a pre-defined key handle. The registry works very much like a hierarchical file system where each node is called a "key." Each key can contain zero or more data items, called "value entries", that are associated with the key. Keys are analogous to directories, and the value entries are analogous to files. ¯ l ¿ & ° ÿ The registry looks very much like the File Manager, and as with File Manager, security can be applied to registry keys to prevent users from modifying registry entries. The registry is used mainly for troubleshooting and problem resolution. Sections of the registry can be saved to disk and transported to another computer for analysis, and configuration information can be viewed remotely. ? þ 1 Æ Ö þ C À Server ManagerE ¿ C ' < R ÿ Server Manager and Services × ° þ ' a ° ÿ All Windows NT machines can act as servers or workstations. On a Windows NT workstation, the server component is controlled with Server Manager, Services, and File Manager. U C / ,« âzþ
ÿ Server Manager makes it possible for you to monitor who is connected to your machine, check who is using its shared resources, and set directory replication and administrative alerts. Through Server Manager, you have complete control over the users who are connected to your machine and over the resources they are using. If there are several users connected to a particular resource, you can either disconnect each user individually, or simply close the resource. A Windows NT server can use Server Manager to remotely control another Windows NT server, or a down-level LAN Manager server. : À 2 2 °
ÿ Windows NT networking is built from discrete components known as services. These services are the components that bind together to provide the full-featured networking environment. Services have certain properties -- they can be started, stopped, paused, and made to continue. You can also set up a service to replicate a set of files and directories from one machine to multiple machines on the network. For the benefit of the administrator, these services can be controlled individually, using the Services tool. À ¿ D PÀ 1 Ë [ Æ PÀ À 'Á Performance Monitor= À À ' , R ÿ Performance Monitor 2 PÀ ¿À . , ° " ÿ h C À 'Á % ° ÿ Click on the diagram to find out more about Performance Monitor. 1 ¿À XÁ 1 é ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿXÁ Å I " 'Á ¡Á ' D ÄR ÿ Performance Monitor Description G ! XÁ èà & C ° ÿ Performance Monitor is a graphical tool which can be used to measure the performance of any Windows NT computer accessible over the network. You can monitor several aspects of your computer's performance, including CPU utilization, disk reads and writes/second, number of processes, and number of threads. Performance Monitor provides real-time charting, alerting, and reporting capabilities, and a logging facility. Logs can be saved for further analysis. Performance Monitor is particularly useful for cost management and planning purposes. ( ¡Á Å & ° ÿ Performance Monitor can also be used by many applications to measure vital information. For example, both SQL Server for Windows NT and SNA Server use Performance Monitor to measure statistics such as transactions per second and workstation response time. 1 èà AÅ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿAÅ È G Å Å ' @ ÄR ÿ Performance Monitor Data Area ó AÅ ¡Ç & ç ° ÿ Performance Monitor is fully remoteable and can be used to measure activity on several computers simultaneously. The real-time charts can be changed dynamically to provide more or less information on the screen. Performance Monitor can be set to provide an alert when a given threshold is reached, or to execute a program when a counter goes over or under a certain user-defined value. You can also present the information as a table, for example, to present a list of alerts for a given machine. u P Å È % ° ÿ In this example, three different computers with six CPUs are being monitored. 1 ¡Ç GÈ 1 @ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ
ÿÿÿÿGÈ VÉ M & È È ' L ÄR ÿ Performance Monitor Statistics Area  GÈ VÉ & 9 ° ÿ This bar shows a numerical summary of one particular object that is being measured. In this case the fourth processor (CPU3) in a machine called EBC-NCR. 1 È É 1 u ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÉ ËÊ I " VÉ ÐÉ ' D ÄR ÿ Performance Monitor Object List û Õ É ËÊ & « ° ÿ The object list gives you information about each object that you are monitoring. This line shows that you are monitoring the processor time on a single CPU machine called BRETOR4 and that its plot color is red. 1 ÐÉ üÊ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿüÊ ZÌ I " ËÊ EË ' D ÄR ÿ Performance Monitor Object List ï üÊ ZÌ & ß ° ÿ This section of the object list shows that you are monitoring processor time on a four processor machine called EBC-NCR. Each processor has a different color on the chart so that you can observe the load balancing of the remote machine. 1 EË Ì 1 4 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ
ÿÿÿÿÌ Í E ZÌ ÐÌ ' < ÄR ÿ Performance Monitor Toolbar ¾ Ì Í & 1 ° ÿ The toolbar is a convenient way to control Performance Monitor. You can change views, add or delete traces and insert bookmarks for future reference. F ÐÌ ÔÍ 1 Æ æ ÔÍ Î Control Panel Applets7 Í Î ' R ÿ Control Panel ¹ h ÔÍ Ð Q pÑ ° âYcÂ
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ÿ The Control Panel contains many useful tools for controlling different components of Windows NT. Server Manager is for monitoring who is connected to your machine and seeing which shared resources are in use. This tool is also used for setup, directory replication, and administrative alerts. Services controls Windows NT Networking services individually. Services can be started, stopped, paused, and cont Î Ð Í inued. For example, you can stop the messenger service if you don't want to receive messages from other users. With Devices , you can stop, start, and set the startup value for system drivers. S Î O , &§ °
ÿ The Windows NT Boot Loader feature allows you to have more than one operating system installed on your computer. With System , you can tell Boot Loader which operating system to use as the default. That is, if you have multiple operating systems on your computer and you reboot, Boot Loader will automatically boot the default if you don't intervene. Boot Loader has a delay timer that counts down before it boots the default operating system--you set this timer with System. System is also the place where you set user environment variables, which are added to the system environment variables. Environment variables are available in each command shell. Windows NT supports multiple paging files, and you can gain a substantial improvement in performance by using this capability. You set the size and location of your paging file(s) from System. ½ Ð , &# °
ÿ The networking architecture within Windows NT lets you support multiple simultaneous network cards and multiple simultaneous protocols in a single machine. You can have one card and multiple protocol stacks, or one protocol stack and multiple cards. Network is the tool you use to install and configure your network cards, and to install and configure network protocol stacks. This is also the tool you would use to join a work group or a domain. The process of associating a protocol stack with a network card is called "binding." In order to support multiple network cards and protocol stacks, Network supports the configuration of multiple bindings. A O M 1 Ã ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿM Ï Windows NT Setup: ' & ÄR ÿ Windows NT Setup H " M Ï & E ° ÿ Windows NT system maintenance is handled through Windows NT Setup. System maintenance is a privileged operation, and requires high-level access rights for uninhibited access to the system. The Windows NT setup program is similar to the Windows 3.x setup program, with some additional options. You can still change your display, mouse, and keyboard settings, and add or delete components such as readme files and games groups. The new options allow you to add new SCSI disk and tape devices, add drivers to the system, and delete user profiles. H
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ÿ The Windows NT File Manager has more features than the Windows 3.1 File Manager, and is similar to the one contained in Windows for Workgroups. As with Windows 3.1, the Windows NT File Manager can be used for file copying, moving, renaming, and deleting. In addition, it allows users to browse, connect, and disconnect from different types of networks. That is, you can browse Advanced Server, LAN Manager and Novell ® networks simultaneously with a single tool. · i X
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ÿ Working with different file types The Windows NT File Manager shows the name of the file system (FAT, HPFS, CDFS, NTFS) for the current working directory. On NTFS (NT File System) partitions, you can view the long filename and the MS-DOS filename at the same time. File Manager can be used to share part or all of your disk with other users on the network. A share is created by selecting the directory to share and giving it a "share name." Shares can be protected from unauthorized access by setting permissions on the share name. You can share information on FAT (File Allocation Table), HPFS (High-Performance File System), or NTFS partitions, but note that permissions on FAT and HPFS apply only to the share name for remote network access--if a user is sitting at the source, he or she has unrestricted access to all files g *@ Ï on FAT and HPFS partitions. I g s@ 1 é [ s@ µ@ mI Windows NT Print ManagerB *@ µ@ ' 6 R ÿ Windows NT Print Manager ¥ m s@ ZD 8 >Û ° âÚò
ÿ As with Windows 3.1, Print Manager is used to install printers and modify print properties on a Windows NT network. In addition, Print Manager allows you to browse all of the printers that are physically connected to your network and, even more conveniently, browse them from the Print Setup dialog box of Windows-based applications. Apart from the new user interface, the biggest change is in the way printing is handled in an all-Windows NT environment (that is, an environment with a Windows NT print server and a Windows NT client). In this situation, the client is not required to install a printer driver for the printer device to which the client is printing--the device needs only to be installed on the print server. For example, you can print to a PostScript ® printer connected to a print server, without having a PostScript driver installed on your machine. é µ@ mI * "Ó °
ÿ Print Manager Remote Functions Print Manager is fully remoteable and can be used to remotely administer print servers, printers, and print jobs on other network workstations or servers. Any Windows NT machine can be a print server. Traditionally, many LAN (Local Area Network) operating systems have used the term "queue" to represent the logical device that you print to. Windows NT uses the term "logical printer" for the logical printing device. Logical printers and physical printers can be arranged in a number of flexible combinations: one-one--one logical printer for every physical printer, one-many--one logical printer for many physical printers, and many-one--many logical printers to one physical printer. You can also define times when the printer is available. For example, a certain printer can be configured to be available only between the hours of 9:00 pm and 12:00 pm. The print spooler will accept jobs at all times, but will only print between 9:00 pm to 12:00 pm. Logical printers can have different priority levels. For example, you can set up a situation in which the print jobs of one group of users takes precedence over those of everyone else. Windows NT supports printing from parallel, serial, or network-attached printers. O ZD ¼I 1 [ ð ¼I J o Account Management and DomainsH ! mI J ' B R ÿ Account Management and Domains Ø ¼I L , &± °
ÿ Windows NT servers support managing accounts by domains , a set of servers together in a logical group. Within each domain, one server is the Primary Domain Controller (PDC), which holds the master user account database. All other servers within the domain are Backup Domain Controllers (BDCs) and maintain a copy of the PDC user account database. All servers within the domain function as logon servers; but new user accounts for the domain must be added to the PDC. Á J ÉN 2 2 ° â{]vì
ÿ The domain model is effective because an enterprise can include hundreds of servers and thousands of users, and yet require only a single account in the entire domain. This is achieved by creating trust relationships between domains. Suppose an organization has two domains that trust each other, so that domain 1 trusts domain 2, and domain 2 trusts domain 1. Users in either domain could have access to resources in the other domain. However, trust relationships do not have to be bi-directional--domain 2 might trust domain 1 but conversely, domain 1 might not trust domain 2. It is left to the administrator to set up these trust relationships. t L o & é ° ÿ Once the trust relationship is established, you can, for example, take the domain2\userY account and give it permissions to use objects within domain 1. This is exactly how the accounts are represented within the permissions editor, meaning that if an account belongs in aÉN o mI nother domain, you see the account name preceded by the domain name to which the account belongs. 1 ÉN 1 d ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ Ó 3 o Ó / .
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ÿ To access a Windows NT machine, you must log onto that machine with a valid user account. All user and group accounts are managed by a tool called User Manager , which can be used to add or delete user and group account information, set user account security policy (account and user rights), and modify user account properties. 8 F þ $ (
ÿ Configuring Users r Æ & å ° ÿ There are two ways to add new accounts to the user account database: create one from scratch; or copy (clone) an existing account. When you create a new account through User Manager, you can set the user account properties, including group membership, user profile, logon hours, account expiration date, and valid logon workstations. After setting the properties, you can set the security policy for the account (maximum/minimum password age, minimum password length, and password uniqueness). For example, you might want to specify that users must change their passwords after one month, and set password uniqueness to 4. ? þ Õ % 4 R
ÿ Configuring User Rights > & 1 ° ÿ A system administrator can use the User Manager to grant users' rights or privileges. User rights are granted for operations for which normal discretionary access control does not provide a mechanism--for example, setting the system time. It is undesirable to let anybody or everybody change the system time, so Windows NT requires that the user be granted the privilege to perform that action. Other rights include the ability to remotely shut down a Windows NT workstation or server, and the ability to log on locally to a machine. k A Õ ~ * " °
ÿ Auditing User Actions If you want to audit user actions, you would do so from this interface. Auditing can be enabled for such things as successful or failed logon/logoff, file and object access, and use of user rights. Note: for very secure environments, you can halt the system when the event log is full, which is exactly what you want to do when you can't expand the event log any further. When using the User Manager for domains, you can establish trust relationships with other domains. Trust relationships are links between domains that allow one to set up pass-through authentication, in which a user has one account for the entire enterprise. This is possible in part because, like other administration tools for Windows NT, the User Manager is fully remoteable and configurable for any Windows NT workstation or server. D  1 Q  ÿ ¿Å User Profile Editor= ~ ÿ ' , R ÿ User Profile Editor ¥ m  ¤ 8 >Û ° â+ǹ%
ÿ The User Profile Editor is a tool that allows you to set up and maintain environment profiles for users on a per-user basis. Environment profiles include personal groups and the program items in those groups ¾ screen colors, window size, and more. A user profile can be assigned to one user or a group of users. When a user logs on, the user profile is loaded and the Windows NT environment specified in that profile is loaded. There are two types of profiles, mandatory and personal. Mandatory profiles allow users to change their environments for the current session, but it does not save the changes when the user logs off. Personal profiles allow users to make changes and have their changes saved for their next logon session. The User Profile Editor can be used to create default user profiles for new user accounts and to change the default profile of the system. ø Î ÿ ¨Â * " °
ÿ Creating and Maintaining User Configurations The¤ ¨Â ~ User Profile Editor allows the system administrator to centrally manage user accounts. The desktop's profile and access to application and network resources can be stored and carried with users as they move throughout the enterprise. For instance, it could be useful to establish standard desktops by department, with access to specific applications and files. Using the Profile Editor, the administrator can establish pools of standard desktops and assign them to users. In turn, these profiles can be configured to keep the user from making any changes to the desktop. This prevents unnecessary configuration maintenance and significantly reduces help desk calls. ð ¤ ¿Å ' á ° ÿ The User Manager is also an excellent tool for maintaining account information for users who move from one machine to another. These users can access Windows NT in a uniform manner with the same desktop and access to resources. Finally, the User Manager is an excellent way to manage a scarce number of workstations. In environments with several shifts of users, more than one user can share a single PC. The User Manager gives an administrator the ability to establish multiple desktops on the same PC--this means that user A and user B can use the same machine at different times, with desktop and security tailored to their specific needs. When user A logs off and user B logs on, the security and access to resources can be completely different. K ¨Â
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Æ ÜÈ & õ ° ÿ The Windows NT auditing system provides useful system, network, and user information, which administrators can use to make intelligent decisions concerning the enterprise computing environment. Audit entries can be written to the security event log whenever certain actions are performed or files are accessed. The audit entry displays the action performed, the user who performed it, and the date and time of the action. Both successful and failed attempts at actions can be audited, so the audit trail shows both those users who actually performed the actions on the network and those who tried to perform actions unsuccessfully. , <Æ Ê &
° ÿ This table lists the categories of events you can audit and the events covered by each category. For each of the categories listed, you can choose whether to audit only successful actions in that category, failed attempts to perform actions, both, or neither. [ ÜÈ cÊ H #`& H > ° ÿ °
ÿÿÿ Category Event ´ l Ê Ë H #`Ø H > ° ÿ & ° ÿÿÿ Logon and Logoff Logon/Logoff attempts, and the creating and breaking of network connections to servers L cÊ «Ë H #` H > ° ÿ 2 ° ÿÿÿ File and Object Access Accesses of a file or directory set for auditing µ m Ë `Ì H #`Ú H > ° ÿ * ° ÿÿÿ Use of User Rights Successful use of user rights, and failed attempts to use rights not assigned to user é «Ë IÍ I #`A H > ° ÿ 4 ° ÿÿÿ Security Policy Changes Granting or revoking of user rights to users and groups and the establishing and breaking of trust relationships with other domains × `Ì Î I #` H > ° ÿ > ° ÿÿÿ Restart, Shutdown and System Shutdowns and restarts of the computer. The filling up of the audit log and the discarding of audit entries. C IÍ «Î H #` H > ° ÿ & ° ÿÿÿ Process Tracking Starts and stops of processes on the computer Ä ` Î oÏ d #À H > °ÿ ÿ & °ÿ > ° ÿÿÿ User and Group Management Creation, deletion and modification of user and group accounts $ «Î Ï " ÿ j 9 oÏ 1 Ò ð ÿÿÿÿ P ñ Frequently Asked Question about Windows NT Administration Ï Ï D Ï P ' : R ÿ Frequently Asked Questions o B ¿ - * V °°È:
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'¸ÿ Q: Windows NT Advanced Server has several group administration tools that do not appear in Windows NT. How do I administrate my network from my Windows NT desktop? Q: Can I use RAS (Remote Access Services) to configure users on a remote Advanced Server? Q: Windows NT Advanced Server uses Mandatory and User Profiles. What is the difference between the two, and why would I choose to use profiles? Q: Can I limit where and when a user can log on to a Windows NT Advanced Server Domain? 1 ¿ " 1 ° ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ" ¡ Q ñ ¡ . *£ V °°s
ÿ A: Through the use of SNA Server, Windows NT provides comprehensive integration with NetView. SNA Server for Windows NT is designed to maximize administrative flexibility by notifying NetView of communications problems through automatic data-link alerts. Alerts can be sent to NetView from either a third party emulator or from the Windows NT Event Log. SNA Server also provides support for NetView RUNCMDs, which allows administrators to issue Windows NT commands from the NetView Console. Any command, application or Windows NT management utility can be managed from the NetView Console. 1 " Ò 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÒ - ] ¡ \ - *º V °s
ÿ A: The Windows NT Resource Guide includes several tools to address this specific problem. Y Ò µ Q p T s
ÿ User Manager for Remote Computers is a graphical configuration management tool, similar to the version found on Advanced Server, which provides the ability to manage Advanced Server domains remotely. Server Manager for Remote Computers is for remote administration of replication, services, shared and open resources, etc. NetWatcher shows which users are connected to shared resources. Command Scheduler provides the ability to easily schedule commands and programs to run at a specific time and date. x I \ - / . T °s
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ÿ A: Absolutely. Because RAS users are actually participating members of the network, provided a remote user has proper security, he or she can use any of the administration tools to manage the network including User Manager for Remote Computers. 1 ^ µ
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ÿ A: Profiles are an excellent way to centralize user configurations. Each Windows NT computer records certain configuration information on a per-user basis. This information includes the saved desktop, personal program groups, network connections, shared printers, etc. When a user logs on to the domain, the appropriate profile is loaded so that the Windows NT desktop reflects that of its user. The advantage of this system is that the user can log in from any Windows NT machine and maintain the same desktop. ó É µ
@ * " T s ÿ Mandatory profiles are for organizations that require a higher degree of security or control over the user desktop. They differ from User profiles in that the desktop remains the same from one logon session to the next. Once the administrator creates a mandatory profile, it can be distributed to a number of users. The mandatory profile describes the desktop, its content, file permissions and any of a range of options set by the administrator. Conversely, the User Profile, while subject to permissions set by the administrator, can change from one logon session to the next. For example, a user may have the freedom to completely change his or her desktop, but not to delete files or shut down the system. æ @
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ÿ A: Yes, within the User Manager for Domains, the administrator can choose to limit both the computer and specific times the user may log on. If the user exceeds the specific time set forth by the administrator they will be given a warning and then logged off automatically. Á =@ AB 1 ' ÿÿÿÿa AB B H Evaluating Windows NT as an application server EB("btn_topic_index");SaveMark("topic_index");CBB("btn_next_index", "PI(`nteval.hlp',`next_12')")W 1 A B & b °° ÿ Evaluating Windows NT as an Application Server u < AB
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ÿ Although the database is considered a fundamental building block in most organizations, the underlying hardware on which databases run is changing. Many medium to large businesses that have been using minicomputers or mainframes for database solutions, are turning to client-server computing and the increased processing power of servers for their database requirements. Accordingly, user-base expansion in client-server Database Management Systems (DBMS) is expected to increase by 40% per year over the next 24 months. (Source: Datamation projects: June, 1993) ë ¹ B øF 2 2s ° ÿ The Microsoft ® Windows NT operating system runs RDBMS cost-effectively and reliably, while providing maximum power and increased manageability to your client-server computing environment. In addition, Windows NT is scalable. It runs on hardware ranging from a single Intel 486 50MHz chip, to a 100MHz Digital Alpha chip, to a 16-processor Sequent or NCR server. This flexibility helps you adapt quickly to changing market conditions. &
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ÿ More on Client-Server Computing Windows NT Provides Maximum Capacity Windows NT is the Most Cost-Effective Client-Server Platform The Scalability of Windows NT will Protect Your Investment Windows NT is Reliable Windows NT is the Most Manageable Client-Server Platform U $ øF ãH 1 Ý Ö ãH 4I àJ Windows NT Provides Maximum CapacityQ * H 4I ' T R ÿ Windows NT Provides Maximum Scalability Y & ãH J 3 4M °° ã 1ì¯
ÿ Whether you are considering a workgroup project, or, like AT&T , you wish to run a large-scale application with millions of records, Windows NT can handle your data. Using the 64-bit Windows NT File System (NTFS), your organization can access up to 16 TB of disk space and 4 GB of memory. S % 4I àJ . ,J ãÒ
ÿ Hardware Support for Windows NT m < J MK 1 O a 7 MK ³K Windows NT is the Most Cost-Effective Client Server Platformf ? àJ ³K ' ~ R ÿ Windows NT is the Most Cost-Effective Client-Server Platform · x MK jM ? Lñ °° ãóÉ»
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ÿ Windows NT has both the speed and the power you need at competitive prices. It delivers the power of mini and mainframe systems, on hardware that is significantly less expensive, and easier to manage. This was the conclusion of The National League for Health Care and Chevron Canada , both of whom evaluated a number of platforms including UNIX, OS/2 and Windows NT. Ç ³K O O l â<;K
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ÿ In audited benchmark testing, we compared Windows NT to similar platforms, running Sun Microsystem Solaris with the Sybase RDBMS, as well as Oracle running on IBM AIX. See Graph From the beginning, the significant cost advantage of Windows NT Advanced Server and SQL Server was clear. As the graph shows, the transactions per second scale as the underlying hardware is increased. Benchmark Details Related Topics: Windows NT Delivers Value Q # jM . ,F ãã¾Ñ³
ÿ The Windows NT Cost Advantage O àJ 8 O D 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿD graph 1) m & R ÿ 2 D . ,
° " ÿ Y ( m ø 1 × ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ! ø 3 Ù Transaction Processing Benchmark Results; 3 ' ( R ÿ Benchmark Details ¯ ø â ' °° ÿ The TPC-B is a standard benchmark created and maintained by the Transaction Processing Performance Council. Using this benchmark, you can compare the performance and cost of different systems. System speed is measured in transactions per second, while system cost is the total five-year cost of ownership. Dividing the system cost by the speed yields the price/performance measure ($/TPS). æ 3 î & Í ÿ The following TPC-B benchmarks represent audited results of the five-year costs to run Microsoft SQL Server for Windows NT on two different Compaq ProLiant systems: a dual Pentium processor system, and a single-CPU 486 system. æ G â Ô #! ë Ú ÿ $ ÿ ÿ ÿ V ÿ ~ ÿÿÿ System Transactions per Second (TPS) Total System Cost $/TPS Û E î ¯ #ü! ë Ú @ ÿ ÿ X ÿ Z ÿ j ÿ | ÿÿÿ Windows NT on a Compaq ProLiant, 486/50* 93.84 $52,828 $563 ß L Ô #ö! ë Ú ÿ ÿ d ÿ f ÿ x ÿ ÿÿÿ Windows NT on a Compaq ProLiant, dual Pentium* 226.32 $99,780 $441 ß L ¯ m #ö! ë Ú ÿ ÿ ^ ÿ ` ÿ r ÿ ÿÿÿ UNIX (SunOS) on a SPARC server 690MP c/s** 134.90 $372,832 $2,764 Ò ? ? #ö~! ë Ú ÿ ÿ D ÿ F ÿ X ÿ l ÿÿÿ UNIX (AIX) on a RS/6000/970*** 110.32 $307,639 $2,789 J m Ù P p °Ña©ñ9ÉY¡é1y ÿ * Microsoft SQL Server, ** SYBASE ® SQL Server, *** INFORMIX ® OnLine J ? # 1 X Ö " # f Windows NT Delivers ValueC Ù f ' 8 R ÿ Windows NT Delivers Value # '
° ÿ When you purchase an application server product what is included in the purchase price? Are you able to link all of your MS-DOS, Windows, Macintosh and remote dial-in clients? Are there built-in fault-tolerance and back-up features or must you purchase those separately? Finally, does the cost of the shrink-wrapped package include the ability to grow or change with your business needs? N ( f a & P ÿ Windows NT offers you these features: P ò ± ^ å Rñ ð9
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ÿ · Unlimited Client Support : At $2,995, Windows NT Advanced Server includes unlimited client licensing, with no additional software components to acquire or license fees incurred. · Built-in Advanced Fault Tolerance : With Windows NT you get every major fault tolerance technology right out of the box. · Integration with Macintosh Clients : Windows NT Advanced Server allows Macintosh users to connect with no interruption or changes to their environment. More on Macintosh Support Ü ¥ a 7 <K V°ñ ð9
ÿ · Excellent Connectivity and Interoperability : Windows NT is protocol independent, and includes TCP/IP, NETBEUI, AppleTalk, DLC, and IPX in the purchase price. V % ± ã 1 Ø 7 # ã * Ç Application Server - Cost ComparisonsG * ' @ °R ÿ The Windows NT Cost Advantage ( ã R % ° ÿ æ h * DÀ ~ #ÌÐþ ¶ ° ÿ °ÿ V °ÿ v °ÿ ¨ °ÿÿÿ Solution Advanced Server and SQL Server OS/2 R DÀ and DB2/2 NetWare 4.01 and Sybase Solaris and Sybase ë P R /Á # þ ¶ °ÿ ° ÿ < °ÿ > °ÿ V °ÿ n °ÿ °ÿÿÿ LAN Operating System Cost $2,995.00 $2,544.00 $12,495.00 $5,995.00 . w DÀ ]Â · #>îþ ¶ °ÿ ° ÿ °ÿ °ÿ °ÿ °ÿ ¶ °ÿ Ô °ÿ Ö °ÿÿÿ Software Cost Of Adding Additional Hardware Processor To Server $0.00 Not Supported Not Supported $3,750.00 ó X /Á PÃ #°þ ¶ °ÿ ° ÿ H °ÿ J °ÿ d °ÿ | °ÿ °ÿÿÿ DBMS Server (Unlimited license) $14,995.00 $2,495.00 $17,995.00 $52,100.00 å J ]Â 5Ä #þ ¶ °ÿ ° ÿ F °ÿ H °ÿ X °ÿ l °ÿ °ÿÿÿ Per Client Cost (if applicable) $0.00 $150.00 $200.00 $218.00 ß E PÃ Å #þ ¶ °ÿ ° ÿ * °ÿ , °ÿ < °ÿ V °ÿ p °ÿÿÿ Total Client Cost $0.00 $37,500.00 $50,000.00 $54,500.00 ì R 5Ä Æ #¤þ ¶ °ÿ ° ÿ 8 °ÿ : °ÿ T °ÿ n °ÿ °ÿÿÿ Total Cost for 250 Users $17,990.00 $42,539.00 $80,490.00 $112,595.00 L Å Æ F \ 2ÈÑa©ñ9ÉY¡é1y ÿ Pricing on Microsoft products comes from Latest Microsoft Pricing sheet; ¹ Æ Ç H ^s 0ÈÑa©ñ9ÉY¡é1y ÿ Pricing on IBM comes from Computerland; Pricing on NetWare comes from "The LocalNetter Newsletter" June, 1993; Pricing on Sun comes from DataPro Report on SunSoft Inc. Solaris, 1993 k : Æ þÇ 1 j » $ þÇ bÈ Í The Scalability of Windows NT will Protect Your Investmentd = Ç bÈ ' z R ÿ The Scalability of Windows NT will Protect Your Investment ¡ z þÇ Ê ' õ °° ÿ Windows NT has the ability to deliver maximum power at significantly lower costs than other operating systems. An example is its compatibility with symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) machines. The idea behind SMP is that two or more equivalent processors on one machine will deliver better price/performance than a single processor machine with twice the rated processing power. a bÈ Ì 8 >Ã ° ãÕD4â
ÿ Because Windows NT is able to schedule system and application threads over multiple processors, applications such as RDBMS run very well with it. With an SMP system, you can significantly increase the performance of your servers for much less than the cost of adding machines. An SMP system reduces administration, because there are fewer servers to manage. With Windows NT, you can purchase as much processing power as you need now, while ensuring a smooth migration path for the future. Companies such as Chevron Canada , Nordstrom, 3M, and NASA are already developing solutions using this strategy. 7 Ê ÓÌ % $ ° ÿ Related Topics: È Ì Í < F ããk2
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ÿ SMP is More Viable Under Windows NT Than Under Other Systems Windows NT Does Not Force Your Organization To Take Unnecessary Risks g 6 ÓÌ Î 1 3
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ÿ SMP support is not unique to Windows NT. In fact, several versions of UNIX currently support SMP. The difference in the way SMP extensions are implemented with the two systems depends on whether the hardware and applications need to be modified in order to take advantage of multiprocessors. More Technical Information on SMP hÎ Í J hÎ V ? L ° âÃÙE
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ÿ With Windows NT Advanced Server, any multithreaded application can be distributed over multiple processors. Applications written to Solaris 2 or HP UX, however, must be written specifically to those systems, and are not portable across UNIX versions. Additionally, the threading itself is less reliable and robust under Solaris than Windows NT. UNIX graphic systems, such as X Windows and Motif, do not support multiple threads, nor are they thread-safe . Another limitation with UNIX in terms of SMP is cost. In most cases, there are no hardware substitutes for machines that run systems such as Solaris 2 or HP UX, which means that you must accept the market limitations of having only a single hardware provider. Windows NT, however, supports hardware from many competitors. See graph Similarly, because Windows NT supports a broad range of multithreaded applications and can run on a wider array of hardware, software vendors are more likely to apply resources to Windows NT because their potential market is much larger. S ä ; F¦ ã¡ß*%
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ÿ How Windows NT Architecture Supports SMP Supported Windows NT SMP Systems < V 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ& ÿÿÿÿ õ thread safe4 ä T & R ÿ thread safe ¡ | õ % ø ° ÿ a method that the system employs to ensure system integrity when code segments are used by multiple threads of execution 8 T - 1 | ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ' ÿÿÿÿ- q graph 2) õ V & R ÿ 2 - . ,
° " ÿ é Ã V q & ° ÿ This graph shows the projected growth for specialized network servers in existing NetWare environments. Currently, Windows NT comes pre-installed on all of these SMP servers except Sun and HP. v E ç 1 { » : ( ç V Windows NT Does not Force Your Organization to Take Unnecessary Riskso H q V ' : ÿ Windows NT Does Not Force Your Organization to Take Unnecessary Risks Ô ¡ ç *
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ÿ Because of its portable design, Windows NT Advanced Server is able to run not only on Intel processor machines, but also on those supporting RISC, such as the MIPS R4000 and R4400, the Intergraph Clipper, and the new Digital Alpha chip. This is important because with new technologies from Digital, Intel, IBM and MIPS, it is not clear which chip architecture will deliver the best price performance. See Table v P V & ¡ ° ÿ Whether your choice is Intel, Alpha, MIPS, or another chip architecture, however, Windows NT will provide consistent functionality and access to applications. Unlike UNIX and OS/2, hardware decisions with Windows NT do not limit access to applications, leaving you free to choose the best hardware and software for your organization. ^ - *
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½ #Ò: £ Ê R ÿ R ÿ " Rÿ * Rÿ 2 Rÿÿÿ SPECfp92 205 60 70 85 ¯ . l #Ò\ £ Ê R ÿ R ÿ , Rÿ < Rÿ L Rÿÿÿ System Due Q4 '94 Q2 '92 Q4 '94 Q2 '94 ¤ # ½ @ #ÒF £ Ê R ÿ R ÿ Rÿ * Rÿ 8 Rÿÿÿ Price $877 $240l @ $300* $900* : l @ F \t °°Ña©ñ9ÉY¡é1y ÿ Source: PC Week * Estimates: Actual Price not yet set G @ ã@ 1 _ ³ M * ã@ #A QE Windows NT is Reliable@ @ #A ' 2 R ÿ Windows NT is Reliable ¡ n ã@ ÄB 3 4Ý ° ãê
ÿ Application Servers must be reliable--there is no compromise when vital company information is at stake. When the National Fuel Gas Supply Corporation became concerned about the long term reliability of its OS/2 system, Windows NT provided a solution. Windows NT is designed to preserve data integrity, and includes these critical operating system components: W # #A C 4 8F Pñ ð9
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ÿ Recently, a Gartner Group study revealed the disproportionate costs of administration and training in delivering a solution to users. See Graph Windows NT is designed to facilitate system administration, providing one of the most comprehensive set of management facilities ever offered in an operating system. Graphical tools help administrators to centrally configure systems and users quickly and easily, and every management tool provided with Windows NT is fully remoteable across the enterprise, thus maximizing the talents and costs of administrators and help desk personnel. ² w F MI ; Fî ãDæR"
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ÿ What Makes Windows NT the Most Manageable Platform? Why Applications Are More Easily Managed Under Windows NT 8 H I 1 ð ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ, ÿÿÿÿ I =J graph 3) MI ®I & R ÿ 2 I àI . ,
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ÿ Windows NT is easily managed from anywhere in the enterprise. It includes comprehensive graphical utilities to make this an intuitive process. The Performance Monitor is an excellent example. You can use this graphical tool to observe and record any significant measurable event or condition that exists within the Windows NT system. Because any management tool within the Windows NT system can examine both local and remote systems simultaneously, it is possible to track system performance of an entire enterprise. The resulting information logs are useful for capacity planning and hardware forecasting. Additionally, because management is inherent in the Win32 programming interface, any application can use these existing tools--there is no need to rewrite the same functions into the application itself. c 5 þJ ÄN . ,j °ãïð[ñ
ÿ More Information on Managing Windows NT Systems O aN O 1 È ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ. ÿÿÿÿO O Windows NT Performance MonitorG ! ÄN ZO & B R ÿ Windows NT Performance Monitor 2 O O . ,
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ÿ While it is imperative that the operating system provide comprehensive management facilities, it is equally important for the actual applications, such as RDBMS, to have intuitive and powerful tools. Because management is integrated into the Windows 32 programming interface, any application can use these tools. For instance, SQL Server for Windows NT uses both the Performance Monitor and Event Viewer to communicate valuable information to administrators. More On SQL Server The benefit of providing management functions in the Win32 programming interface is two-fold. é ½ o Í , &{ Pñ ð9 ÿ 1. Administrators do not need to learn many different tools for each application, virtually eliminating the need to reconcile differences or limitations from one application to another. p ä j - *à Vñ ð9 ÿ 2. Applications vendors will be less likely to re-invent management tools when efficient tools already exist. ^ Í ï ' ½ ÿ In either case, the consumer is the ultimate beneficiary. Windows NT provides a wide variety of services which can be accessed using any of a number of intuitive graphical tools. Every management tool, from the Registry Editor to the Performance Monitor, can be accessed directly by applications and all are fully remoteable across the enterprise. W ) j F . ,R °ãcA
ÿ More on Windows NT Management Tools 1 ï w 1 Y ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ0 ÿÿÿÿw ( F % ° ÿ ª y w I 1 · ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ1 I Windows NT Architecture EB("btn_topic_index");SaveMark("topic_index");CBB("btn_next_index", "PI(`nteval.hlp',`next_16')")D ) "6 ÿ Windows NT Architecture 2 I ¿ . ,. ° "& ÿ T ' - *N ã%Ü-ú
ÿ Complete architecture description \ + ¿ o 1 - ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ2 o ¸ ´ More About Architecture - Inside Windows NTI % ¸ $ J ° ÿ Inside the Windows NT Architecture þ Ì o ¶ 2 2 ÿ The Microsoft ® Windows NT operating system uses sophisticated techniques, such as a microkernel architecture, structured exception handling, an internationalization model, and memory-mapped files. " û ¸ Ø ' ÷ °° ÿ The internationalization model provides an efficient way for developers to create multilingual applications. Structured exception handling is generally accepted to be one of the most effective and intuitive methods of dealing with error conditions. Ü ¶ ´ T v ã`h
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ÿ Windows NT has two modes of execution: the user mode (the Windows NT protected subsystems ) and the kernel mode (the Windows NT Executive ). The user mode servers give the Windows NT Executive its user and programming interfaces and provide execution environments for various types of applications. 3 Q , & ° ÿ With minor exceptions, Windows NT does not appear to be a unique new operating system from a user's point of view. It looks like the Windows operating system and runs Windows-based programs. Underneath its user interface, however, it is radically different. D ã ? N ã¤0Â
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ÿ For Additional Information: Logon Session Native Services i 8 À 1 i « 4 À [À à More About Architecture - System Overview - Introducti À onM & [À ' L R ÿ Introduction to Windows NT Concepts < À  9 @ °° ÿ An operating system model is a broad framework that unifies the many features and services the system provides, and the tasks it performs. Windows NT uses a client-server model to provide multiple operating system environments (initially, Windows, MS-DOS ® , OS/2 ® , and POSIX), and it uses an object model to uniformly manage operating system resources and dispense them to users. A third model, symmetric multiprocessing (SMP), allows Windows NT to achieve maximum performance from multiprocessor computers. C [À Ú % < ° ÿ For Additional Information: ¹ d  à U zÈ ãЬÉ
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l 5 èà -Ä MÉ More About Architecture - MonolithicE à -Ä ' < R ÿ Monolithic Operating System î èà BÆ ' Ý °° ÿ One structure, particularly common in smaller operating systems such as MS-DOS, organizes the operating system as a set of procedures and allows any procedure to call any other. This monolithic structure does not enforce data hiding in the operating system, and it embeds assumptions about how the system fits together throughout the operating system code. Extending such a system can be difficult, because modifying a procedure can introduce bugs in seemingly unrelated parts of the system. 6 -Ä xÆ 1 2 ° " ÿ Õ ¯ BÆ MÉ & _ ° ÿ In all but the simplest monolithic operating systems, applications are separated from the operating system itself. That is, the operating system code runs in a privileged processor mode (referred to here as kernel mode), with access to system data and to the hardware; applications run in a non-privileged processor mode (called user mode), with a limited set of interfaces available and with limited access to system data. When a user-mode program calls a system service, the processor traps the call and then switches the calling thread to kernel mode. When the system service completes, the operating system switches the thread back to user mode and allows the caller to continue. R ! xÆ É 1 + « û 6 É áÉ ÛÍ More About Architecture - LayeredB MÉ áÉ ' 6 R ÿ Layered Operating System ^ É rË 3 4½ ° ÿ A layered operating system is divided into modules that are layered on top of each other. Each module provides a set of functions that other modules can call. Code in any particular layer calls code only in lower layers. On some systems, such as VAX ® or VMS ® , hardware even enforces the layering (using multiple, hierarchical processor modes). 2 áÉ ¤Ë . ,
° " ÿ 7 rË ÛÍ & # ° ÿ One advantage of a layered operating system structure is that each layer of code is only given access to the lower level interfaces (and data structures) that it requires, thus reducing the amount of code that has unlimited power. This structure also allows the operating system to be debugged starting at the lowest layer, adding one layer at a time until the whole system works correctly. Layering makes it easier to enhance the operating system; one entire layer can be replaced without affecting other parts of the system. X ' ¤Ë 3Î 1 l 7 3Î {Î More About Architecture - Client ServerH ! ÛÍ {Î ' B R ÿ Client-Server Operating System á 3Î Ï ' à ° ÿ A client-server operating system is made up of several processes, each of which implements a single set of services. Each process can supply or demand services from other processes by making requests through the Executive. C {Î ÆÏ % < ° ÿ For Additional Information: É t Ï U zè âÒüä
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ÿ Each server runs in user mode, executing a loop that checks whether a client has requested one of its services. The client, which can be either another operating system component or an application program, requests a service by sending a message to the server. An operating system kernel (or microkernel) running in kernel mode delivers the message to the server; the server performs the operation; and the kernel returns the results to the client in another message. ç ¿ 2 2Ï ° â¶ÃnL
ÿ The client-server approach results in an operating system whose components are small and self-contained. Because each server runs in a separate user mode process, a single server can fail (and perhaps be restarted) without crashing or corrupting the rest of the operating system. Furthermore, different servers can run on different processors in a multiprocessor computer or even on different computers, making the operating system suitable for distributed computing environments. ?
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ÿ This theoretical model is an idealized depiction of a client-server system in which the kernel acts as a message-passing facility. In reality, client-server systems fall within a spectrum, some doing very little work in kernel mode and others doing more. Example @ . ,$ âÒüä
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ý ' ÄR ÿ Example i C Ì f & ° ÿ The Mach operating system, a contemporary example of the client-server architecture, implements a minimal kernel offering thread scheduling, message passing, virtual memory, and device drivers. Everything else, including various application programming interfaces (APIs), file systems, and networking, runs in user mode. ^ - ý Ä 1 ¢
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ÿ The layered operating system model is used in the Windows NT Executive I/O system and in the lowest parts of the Windows NT Executive: the kernel and the hardware abstraction layer (HAL). All other parts of the Windows NT Executive are layered on these two components. The Windows NT kernel performs low-level operating system functions such as: ¢ b [
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ÿ · Thread scheduling · Interrupt and exception dispatching · Multiprocessor synchronization · ý bB ' ! ° ÿ It also provides a set of routines and basic objects that bB f the rest of the Executive uses to implement higher-level constructs. The HAL manipulates hardware directly. Windows NT uses the client-server model primarily to provide APIs and the facilities associated with an operating system environment. Although the Win32 protected subsystem (server) provides the user interface and is fundamental to the system's operation, the other servers "plug into" the Executive and can be loaded at will, with several in operation at a time. The servers communicate with application processes through a message-passing facility provided in the Windows NT Executive. W & ¹B 1 t < ¹B ïB ÔH More About Architecture - Object Model6 bB ïB ' R ÿ Object Model [ ¹B qD ' · °° ÿ It is difficult to identify a single "main program" that drives an operating system. Therefore, instead of attempting to design from the top down, object-oriented methods focus initially on the data that the software must manipulate to do its job. For an operating system, this means system resources like files, processes and blocks of memory. ß ïB G ? L¿ ° âÊ¢òo
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ÿ The primary goal of designing a system around data is to create software that is easy to maintain. Because around 70 percent of software cost is attributable to maintenance, dramatic savings can be made if this goal is achieved. One way in which object-oriented software helps maintenance is by hiding the physical representation of data within objects. Although not strictly an object-oriented system, Windows NT uses objects to represent system resources. Any system resource that can be shared by more than one process, including files, shared memory, and physical devices, is implemented as an object and manipulated by using object services. This lessens the impact of potential changes in the system over time. Example £ ~ qD 2H % ü ÿ In addition to limiting the effects of change, building an operating system based on objects has some distinct advantages: ¢ > G ÔH d | T9s´9 âÕºÝ
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ÔH =I ' ÄR ÿ Example ¯ I ìJ & ° ÿ If a hardware change forces a change in the operating system, the only elements that must change are the object that represents the hardware resource, and the services that operate on the object; code that merely uses the object remains the same. Likewise, when the system needs to support new resources, a new object is created and added to the system without disturbing the existing code. U $ =I AK 1 õ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ> ÿÿÿÿAK áL More About Architecture - Uniformity4
ìJ uK ' ÄR ÿ Uniformity l F AK áL & ° ÿ When the operating system accesses and manipulates its resources uniformly, it creates, deletes, and refers to an event object in the same way it does a process object: by using object handles. Additionally, because each resource is an object, the system tracks resource usage by monitoring the creation and use of objects. S " uK 4M 1 ¿ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ? ÿÿÿÿ4M N More About Architecture - Security2 áL fM ' ÄR ÿ Security : 4M N & ) ° ÿ Security is simplified because all objects are protected in the same way. When someone tries to access an object, the security system intervenes and validates the operation, regardless of whether the object is a process, a section of shared memory, or a communication port. [ * fM ûN 1 ö ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ@ ÿÿÿÿûN o More About Architecture - Resource Sharing: N 5O ' & ÄR ÿ Resource Sharing j ûN ÄO % Ô ÿ Objects provide a convenient and uniform paradigm for sharing resources between two or more processes. V 5O o I ` T9s´9 ÄO o N ÿ · Object handles are used to manipulate all types of objects. · Two processes share an object when they each open a handle to it. · The operating system can track how many handles are open to an object to determine whether the object is still in use. · The operating system can then delete the object when it is no longer in use. d 3 ÄO Ó 1 B A Ó ' More About Architecture - Symmetric MultiprocessingC o ' 8 R ÿ Symmetric Multiprocessing k Ó ´ 3 4× °° â¥ZÒ
ÿ Multitasking is a way of running multiple tasks on a single processor. However, when a computer has more than one processor, the multitasking model must be upgraded to a multiprocessing model. A computer that has two processors can execute two threads simultaneously. In theory, the threads would finish executing twice as quickly as on a single processor. W 2 % d ° ÿ There are two types of multiprocessing systems: Y + ´ d . ,V
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° " ÿ O Ù Z 1 @ C Z ¥ More About Architecture - ASMPK $ ¥ ' H R ÿ Asymmetric Multiprocessing (ASMP) o Z ; ' ß °° ÿ ASMP operating systems typically select the same processor to execute operating system code while other processors run only user jobs. Because operating system code runs on a single processor, ASMP operating systems are relatively easy to create by extending existing single-processor operating systems. ASMP operating systems are especially well suited to running on asymmetric hardware, such as a processor with an attached coprocessor or two processors that don't share all available memory. However, it is difficult to make ASMP operating systems portable. Hardware from different vendors (and even different versions of hardware from the same vendor) tends to vary in its type and degree of asymmetry. Either the hardware vendors must target their hardware for specific operating systems or the operating system must be substantially rewritten for each hardware platform. S % ¥ . ,J ã4>
ÿ Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP) N ; Ü 1 ^ î D Ü % ³Á More About Architecture - SMPI " % ' D R ÿ Symmetric Multiprocessing (SMP) À Ü å ' 3 °° ÿ SMP systems, including Windows NT, allow the operating system to run on any free processor or on all processors simultaneously, sharing memory among them. This approach better exploits the power of multiple processors, because the operating system itself can use a significant percentage of a computer's processing time, depending on the applications it is running. Executing the operating system on only one processor can tax that processor, leave others idle, and decrease the system's throughput. As the number of processors on the system increases, operating system activities are more likely to become a bottleneck. In addition to balancing the system load, SMP systems reduce downtime because operating system code can execute on other processors if one processor fails. Finally, because symmetric hardware is implemented similarly from vendor to vendor, it is possible to create a portable SMP operating system. ö Ï % çÀ ' ° ÿ Unlike ASMP systems, SMP systems are usually designed and written from the ground up because they must adhere to strict coding guidelines to ensure correct operation. Resource contention and other performance issues are more complicated in mulå çÀ tiprocessing systems than in ordinary operating systems and must be accounted for in the system's design. Windows NT incorporates several features that are crucial to its success as a multiprocessing operating system: Ì w å ³Á U zî â ¹
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ÿ Preemptive Multitasking Multithreading Interprocess Communications Asymmetric Multiprocessing (ASMP) c 2 çÀ  1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿE ÿÿÿÿ Èà More About Architecture - Pre-emptive MultitaskingA ³Á W ' 4 ÄR ÿ Preemptive Multitasking q L  Èà % ÿ This is the ability to run operating system code on any available processor and on multiple processors at one time. With the exception of its kernel component, which handles thread scheduling and interrupts, all operating system code can be preempted (forced to give up a processor) when a higher-priority thread needs attention. Y ( W !Ä 1 â ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿF ÿÿÿÿ!Ä ªÅ More About Architecture - Multithreading8 Èà YÄ ' " ÄR ÿ Multithreading Q , !Ä ªÅ % Y ÿ Using multiple threads of execution within a single process is called multithreading. Threads allow one process to execute different parts of its program on different processors simultaneously. Server processes can use multiple threads to process requests from more than one client simultaneously. f 5 YÄ Æ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿG ÿÿÿÿÆ 0Ç More About Architecture - Interprocess CommunicationsE ªÅ UÆ ' < ÄR ÿ Interprocess Communications Û ¶ Æ 0Ç % m ÿ Convenient mechanisms for sharing objects between processes and flexible interprocess communication capabilities, including shared memory and an optimized message-passing facility _ . UÆ Ç 1 Ê @ ú H Ç ÍÇ fË More About Architecture - Protected Subsystems> 0Ç ÍÇ ' . R ÿ Protected Subsystems ! ú Ç îÈ ' õ °° ÿ Windows NT servers are called protected subsystems because each one is a separate process whose memory is protected from other processes by the Windows NT Executive. Because the subsystems do not share memory, they communicate by passing messages. Ç ÍÇ ÷Ê B R ° âSKo!
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ÿ As the term "server" implies, each protected subsystem provides an API that programs can call. When an application (or another server) calls an API routine, a message is sent to the server that implements the API routine via the Windows NT Executive local procedure call (LPC) facility , a locally optimized message-passing mechanism. The server replies by sending a message back to the caller. Windows NT has two types of protected subsystems: o 4 îÈ fË ; Fh ãg:"®
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ÿ An environment subsystem is a user-mode server that provides an API , which is specific to an operating system. When an application calls an API routine, the call is delivered through the local procedure call (LPC) facility to the environment subsystem, which executes the API routine and returns the result to the application process by sending another LPC. n < Ì 4Ï 2 2y âEW
ÿ The most important environment subsystem is the Win32 subsystem, which makes the Microsoft 32-bit Windows API available to application programs. The Win32 environment subsystem also provides the Windows NT graphical user interface and controls all user input and application output. Windows NT also supplies: ¥ e ÆÍ ÙÏ @ PÊ T9s´9 ÿ · A POSIX environment subsystem · An OS/2 environment subsystem · A 16-bit Windows subsystem I 4Ï . 0 02 T°9s´9ÙÏ . fË ÿ · An MS-DOS subsystem ü ¼ ÙÏ * @ Ny ãdS×
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ÿ The environment subsystem provides the Windows NT user interface. It controls the video display, the keyboard, the mouse, and other input devices. In addition, it provides the Win32 API. 2 Û . ,
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ÿ The Win32 subsystem does not control the execution of non-Win32 applications. When the user runs an application that the Win32 subsystem does not recognize, the subsystem determines what type of application it is and then either calls another subsystem to run the application, or calls code to initialize an MS-DOS environment in which to run the application. Example \ + 1 i ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿK ÿÿÿÿ More About Architecture - Subsystem Example1
© 6 ' ÄR ÿ Example Ü ¶ & m ° ÿ The Win32 subsystem supplies 32-bit Windows API routines, and the OS/2 subsystem supplies OS/2 API routines. Applications cannot mix API routines from different subsystems because each environment subsystem operates differently. A file handle created by the Win32 subsystem does not translate to the POSIX subsystem, for example. Furthermore, such hybrid applications would not run on MS-DOS, Windows, POSIX, or OS/2 operating systems. p ? 6 1 5 ¼
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ÿ Because the Win32 subsystem handles all video output, the other environment subsystems must direct the output of their applications to the Win32 subsystem for display. The VDM running 16-bit applications for Windows translates the applications' output calls into Win32 calls and sends them in a message to the Win32 subsystem for display. The OS/2 and POSIX subsystems, as well as any VDMs running MS-DOS-based applications, direct their applications' character-mode output to the Win32 subsystem, which displays the output in character-mode windows, called consoles . u Ó Þ & ë ° ÿ An environment subsystem can support many client applications. Each subsystem keeps track of its clients and maintains any global information that all the client applications share. Although several subsystems and VDMs might be running, Win32 is the only environment subsystem that makes itself visible. To the user, it appears that Windows NT runs all the applications. ^ - C <
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ÿ Although the Executive provides API-like system services, it is fundamentally different from the environment subsystems. It does not run continually in a process of its own, but instead runs in the context of an existing process by taking over an executing thread when important system events occur. Example Executive components maintain independence from one another, each creating and manipulating the system data structures it requires. Because the interfaces between components are carefully controlled, it is possible to completely remove a component from the operating system and replace it. As long as the new version implements all the system services and internal interfaces correctly, the operating system runs as before. Maintaining the operating system is also an easier task because the Executive components interact in predictable ways. W 2 ìB ÏF % d ° ÿ The Executive Manages the Following Components: X Î xF 'H â â"öú
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ÿ Kernel Security Reference Monitor Process Manager Local Procedure Call (LPC) facility Virtual Memory (VM) Manager Object Manager I/O System Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) Y ( ÏF H 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿO ÿÿÿÿH 7J More About Architecture - Kernel Example1
'H ±H ' ÄR ÿ Example ` H 7J & Á ° ÿ When a thread calls a system service and is trapped by the processor or when an external device interrupts the processor, the Windows NT kernel gains control of the thread that was running. The kernel calls the appropriate system code to handle the event, executes it, and then returns control to the code that was executing before the interruption. Y ( ±H J 1 u
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ÿ The Object Manager creates, manages, and deletes Windows NT Executive objects. Many Windows NT native services are object services, meaning that they perform some action on an object in the Windows NT Executive. A thread opens a handle to an object and then uses that handle when calling services to operate on the object. X 2 ÈJ ÌN & e ° ÿ Shareable resources, including processes, threads, files, and shared memory, are implemented as objects in the Windows NT Executive. This allows the operating system to take advantage of the similarities among resources and to use common code wherever possible to manage them. The Windows NT object system is a focal point for several resource management tasks, such as resource naming, placing limits (called quotas) on the amount of resources each process can use, sharing resources between two processes, and securing resources against unauthorized access. . ü tL 2 2ù ° â¼7
ÿ Environment subsystems frequently call object services to create, open a handle to, manipulate, or delete objects. Example Much of the Windows NT resource management takes place when some process creates an object or opens a handle to an object. ÌN 7J 2 ÌN > . ,
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ÿ Objects are allocated from operating system memory. To keep any one process from using too much system memory, processes are given quotas that limit how much memory they can use. As well as managing and sharing resources, the Windows NT object system is a focal point for resource security. When a process opens a handle to a Windows NT object, the Windows NT security subsystem is activated. Each object has attached to it a small database, called an access control list (ACL), containing information regarding which processes can access the object and what they can do to it. When a process opens a handle to an object, it specifies the operations it wants to perform. Example à ¹ > ' s ° ÿ Because a process must open a handle to an object before it can do anything to it and because opening a handle invokes the security system, no process can bypass Windows NT security. T # > r 1 Å ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿQ ÿÿÿÿr ã More About Architecture - Example 31
£ ' ÄR ÿ Example @ r ã & 5 ° ÿ If the user starts a Win32-based application, the Win32 subsystem calls the Windows NT Process Manager to create a process and open a handle to it. The Process Manager, in turn, calls the Object Manager to create a process object and a thread object. Similarly, if the user saves data from the application, the Win32 subsystem calls the Windows NT I/O Manager to create a file object that represents the file in which the spreadsheet is stored and to open a handle to the object. The I/O Manager calls the Object Manager to do the job. T # £ 7 1 Ä ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿR ÿÿÿÿ7 § More About Architecture - Example 41
ã h ' ÄR ÿ Example ? 7 § & 3 ° ÿ A process opens a file for read access. The security system checks whether the process is allowed read access to the file object, and if so, the Object Manager returns an object handle containing read access. The caller can then use the handle to read from that particular file. U $ h ü 1 Z
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ÿ Windows NT implements virtual memory (VM), a memory management scheme that provides a large, private address space for each process and protects it from other processes. When more memory is needed than there is available RAM, the VM manager transfers selected RAM contents to disk and reloads the contents when they are used again.This is called paging . 2 A . ,
" ÿ ^ 7 Ü l ' o ° ÿ In Windows NT, application programs run in an operating system environment that behaves like Windows, MS-DOS, POSIX, or OS/2. The challenge is to allow all the different types of applications to run without being rewritten and without bumping into each other in memory. Each of the Windows NT environment subsystems provides a view of memory that corresponds to what its applications expect. Underneath the environment subsystems, the Windows NT Executive has its own memory structure, which the environment subsystems access by calling Windows NT native services. W Ã 8 >? ° â¼; e
ÿ The Windows NT memory architecture is a virtual memory system based on 32-bit addresses in a flat (linear) address space. A process's virtual address space is the set of addresses available for the process's threads to use. At runtime, the VM manager, with assistance from hardware, translates, or maps , the virtual addresses into physical addresses, where the data is actually stored. By controlling the mapping, the operating system can ensure that individual processes don't bump into one another or overwrite the operating system.
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à ÜÁ § ÿ The Windows NT operating system resides in high virtual memory and the user's code and data reside in low virtual memory. A user-mode thread cannot read or write to system memory directly. A portion of the system memory, called nonpaged pool , is never paged to disk and is used to store some Windows NT objects and other important data structures. Another portion of system memory, called paged pool , is paged to disk. All of user memory can be paged. U $ à 1 1 Ú º Þ T ÿÿÿÿ1 ¶Ã More About Architecture - I/O SystemD ÜÁ u ' : ÄR ÿ I/O System and I/O Manager µ 1 *à & ÿ A group of components that process input and output between a variety of devices. The I/O system includes the I/O Manager, and File Systems. 2 u \à . ,
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ÿ · File System Recovery , that allows for quick restoration of disk-based data after a system failure. · The Ability to Handle Large Storage Media : approximately 17 billion gigabytes in size. · Security Features , including execute-only files. · Unicode Filenames , which allow documents to be transferred from one computer to another internationally, without disrupting filenames and pathnames. · Support for the POSIX Operating System Environment , including hard links, case-sensitive names, and information about when a file was last opened. H Ç ÎÌ S t T9s´9
ÿ · Features for Future Extensibility , such as transaction-based operations to support fault tolerant applications, user-controlled version numbers for files, multiple data streams per file, flexible options for file naming and file attributes, and support for popular file servers. · Network Redirector and Network Server are file system drivers that send and receive remote I/O requests to a machine on the network. · Executive Device Drivers are low-level drivers that directly manipulate hardware to write output to or retrieve input from a physical device or network. 8 3Ê Î 7 < T9s´9
ÿ · Cache Manager improves the performance of file-based I/O by storing the most recently read disk information in system memory. The cache manager uses the VM manager's paging facility to automatically write modifications to the disk in the background. N ÎÌ TÎ 1 [ Þ V TÎ Î More About Architecture - HALJ # Î Î ' F R ÿ Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL) a 6 TÎ + $m ° ÿ The HAL isolates the Windows NT Executive from the hardware platform on which Windows NT is running. Rather than access hardware directly, Windows NT Executive components maintain maximum portability by calling the HAL routines when they need platform-dependent information. Platform-dependent code (code thatÎ Î relies on a particular manufacturer's hardware implementation) is located in the HAL and is provided by individual computer manufacturers. Device drivers avoid processor-dependent and platform-dependent code by calling kernel routines and HAL routines. X ' Î c 1 ¢
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ÿ Windows NT is a secure operating system that requires each user to establish an account and to logon to that account before they can use the system. Each user account has a security profile, which is a collection of security-related information stored in a system database. The security subsystem uses this information to verify that users are who they claim to be. 2 s . ,
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ÿ A security system process, called a logon process , waits for user input. Several logon processes can be active, each one monitoring a separate class of logon devices like a keyboard/mouse combination or a network connection. A thread in the process detects when a user attempts to access the system and prompts the user for an account name and a password. The logon process then passes the user's information to the security subsystem, which checks the information against a security database. If the logon is authentic, the subsystem creates an object that uniquely identifies this user in all subsequent transactions. The object, called an access token , is the key to security in Windows NT: It determines which system resources the user's threads can access. E s
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ÿ After the user's identity is established, the security subsystem creates a process , attaches the user's access token to it, and then passes the process to the Win32 subsystem, which runs the Win32 Program Manager in the process's address space. With that, the user has established a logon session. Windows NT supports both local and remote logons, and a server machine running Windows NT is likely to have numerous logon sessions active at the same time. As soon as an interactive user successfully logs onto Windows NT, the Win32 subsystem takes control of the screen. Windows NT looks like, and is compatible with, Windows 3.1. With Windows NT, users can transparently run Win32-based programs and 16-bit Windows-based programs, as well as programs for MS-DOS, OS/2, and POSIX. Z ) Æ e
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ÿ Environment subsystems implement their API routines by calling Windows NT native services (the system services provided by individual components of the Windows NT Executive). The virtual memory (VM) manager supplies memory allocation and deallocation services, for example, while the Process Manager provides services to create and terminate processes and threads. When a subsystem calls a Windows NT native service, hardware detects the call and transfers control to the Windows NT Executive. The service then runs in kernel mode . <
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ÿ Because the native services are used by different environment subsystems, they must be: general, flexible and without side effects that might conflict with the environment subsystems. One way in which the native services are flexible is in their ability to act on any process the caller specifies. The caller supplies a handle to a process, and the service operates on that process. Example Protected subsystems, DLLs, and components of the Windows NT Executive are the primary users of Windows NT native services. T # û 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿY ÿÿÿÿ A More About Architecture - Example 52 7 ½ ' ÄR ÿ Example G ! A & C ° ÿ The subsystem can call a nat½ A 7 ive service to create a thread or allocate memory for one of its client processes, because most normal processes cannot perform such operations on other processes. Environment subsystems have powerful access tokens that grant them control over their clients. _ . ½ oA 1 ´ £ 1 Z oA A 0D More About Architecture - Internationalization> A A ' . R ÿ Internationalization Ó oA ®C . *§ ° ÿ The goal for developers was to create a truly multilingual operating system, one that provides a solid foundation for developing and using international applications. International support is streamlined in Windows NT, providing modular facilities for applications as well as for important system components such as the Win32 subsystem. The user interface to internationalization facilities will continue to evolve in future releases. For Additional Information: G A 0D ; F ã°<\j
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ÿ A locale consists of a language, a country, and a code set. When installing Windows NT, you will select a language to use, after which you will be assigned a default locale. The default locale gives you culturally correct defaults for keyboard layout, sorting order, currency, and date and time formatting, any of which you can override. h B ÊD ÍH & ° ÿ In multilingual countries such as Canada, Switzerland, and Belgium, users require the ability to switch among two or more languages on a regular basis. Moreover, some companies have divisions in which several different languages are routinely spoken. Ideally, each user should be able to switch among locales at any time or to send data among locales without losing information. To accomplish this, applications (and in this case, Windows NT) must be separated into two pieces: code, which can be used in all locales, and data, which must be translated for different locales. ä ¾ eF ±K & } ° ÿ In Windows NT, the data category consists of resources such as menus and messages. These resources are separated from the main body of the code and can be attached to or detached from Windows NT. When the user switches locales, the resource set changes to represent the new locale. Because the set of resources is much smaller than Windows NT itself, many different resource sets can be loaded at installation time--the user can switch between locales easily without loading new files from floppy disks. Moreover, a single Windows NT package can be shipped to all countries with localization support already built in. The only remaining task is to translate the resource files and the documentation. ) ÷ ÍH ÚN 2 2ï ° âÚ
ÿ To facilitate localization, the Windows NT Win32 subsystem provides a national language support (NLS) API that gives applications (and Windows NT) access to: culturally correct string comparisons, collation tables for sorting the characters of different languages, date, time, and currency formatting routines and routines for determining the locale that is in effect and the other locales present on the system. In addition, the NLS API provides routines to convert between the international code set used by Windows NT and other commonly used code sets. Both the Win32 subsystem and the C runtime library provide their own API routines based on NLS. Using these facilities allows applications to support localization with the minimum possible effort. R ! ±K ,O 1 ~ 1 Õ
\ ,O tO ÷ More About Architecture - UnicodeH ! ÚN tO ' B R ÿ Windows NT Support for Unicode k ,O ' × ° ÿ The lowest layer of localization support is in the representation of individual characters, the codetO ÚN sets. The United States has traditionally employed the ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) standard for representing data. For European and other countries, however, ASCII is not adequate because it lacks common symbols and punctuation. 2 tO D . ,
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ÿ The International Standards Organization (ISO) established a standard code set called Latin1 (ISO standard 8859-1), which defines codes for all the European characters omitted by ASCII. Windows 3.1 uses a slight modification of Latin1 called the Windows ANSI code set. Windows ANSI is a single-byte coding scheme . The maximum number of characters that can be expressed using 8 bits is 256 (2 to the 8th power). The same script is often used for several languages. For example, the Cyrillic script is used for both the Russian and Ukrainian languages. L & D & M ° ÿ Windows ANSI and other single-byte coding schemes can encode enough characters to express the letters of Western scripts. However, Eastern scripts such as Japanese and Chinese, which need thousands of separate characters, cannot be encoded using a single byte. These scripts are typically stored using a double-byte coding scheme, or a multibyte coding scheme, in which some characters are represented by an 8-bit sequence and others are represented by a 16-bit, 24-bit, or 32-bit sequence. The latter scheme requires complicated parsing algorithms to determine the storage width of a particular character. Furthermore, a proliferation of different code sets means that a particular code might yield entirely different characters on two different computers, depending on the code set each computer uses. ª Ä º & ° ÿ To solve the problem of multiple coding schemes and to accommodate a more comprehensive set of scripts, Windows NT employs the new Unicode standard for data representation. Unicode, a 16-bit character-coding scheme, can represent 65,536 (216) characters. This is enough to include all languages in computer commerce today, as well as several archaic or arcane languages with limited applications (such as Sanskrit and, eventually, Egyptian hieroglyphics). Unicode also includes representations for punctuation marks, mathematical symbols, and a set of graphical characters called dingbats, with plenty of room remaining for future expansion. ÷ Ð ± ' ¡ ° ÿ Unicode separates the "essence" of a character from the font and formatting information used to display it. Each code corresponds to one (and only one) character; font information is applied to Unicode characters to display them in various styles and shapes. Although the Win32 subsystem provides both ANSI and Unicode string API routines, Unicode is the Windows NT native code set. All character strings in the system, including object names, pathnames, filenames, and directory names, are represented with 16-bit Unicode characters. Even the Win32 subsystem converts any ANSI characters it receives to Unicode strings before manipulating them; it converts them back to ANSI, if necessary, upon exit from the system. F º ÷ & A ° ÿ Using Unicode removes all limitations on the set of characters that Windows NT can represent. Because Unicode establishes a unique code for every character of every script, Windows NT can ensure that the round-trip character translation, into and out of the system, is always accurate. h 7 ± _ 1 ´ ¥
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ÿ The second special architecture supported and used by Windows NT is called structured exception handling . Exceptions are synchronous errors or atypical events that cause the execution of code outside the normal flow of control. Unlike interrupts, which are generated from an external source¦ wÀ ÷ , exceptions occur when a program executes a particular code sequence. Exceptions can also be reproduced. ï ¦ Á * "ß ° ÿ Exception handlers and termination handlers can be used separately or in combination to achieve robust behavior in any application. Windows NT uses both to ensure robust behavior at all levels of the system. For Additional Information: j / wÀ úÁ ; F^ ã¿@É¥
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^ VÂ Â MÈ More About Architecture - Exception Handler; úÁ Â ' ( R ÿ Exception Handler E VÂ ÖÃ ' = °° ÿ Structured exception handling is the way Windows NT processes hardware and software exceptions. With this technique, any block of code can determine which exceptions to guard against and register a special code sequence (the exception handler) to be executed if the exceptions occur. w P Â MÈ ' ¡ ° ÿ Each block of code can have a separate exception handler, and exception handlers can even be nested within one another. When an exception occurs, the exception filter can test the type of exception and conditionally tell the operating system to execute the exception handler, continue the program, terminate the program, or look for an exception handler in an enclosing block of code. Operating system exceptions aren't the only exceptions to which applications might want to respond. Applications can generate an exception using the Win32 API routine RaiseException(), causing control to transfer to a registered exception handler. The operating system supports this operation by registering exception handlers and searching for them in the proper order when exceptions are raised. If no exception handler takes care of the problem, the operating system terminates the program that caused the error. The Windows NT exception-handling facility is not language specific; a single mechanism is used across all languages, each language defining how the underlying exception-handling mechanism is exposed. ^ - ÖÃ «È 1 µ
ÿÿÿÿ_ «È èÈ lÊ More About Architecture - Termination Handler= MÈ èÈ ' , R ÿ Termination Handler Q «È lÊ 3 4£ °° â¿7
ÿ A termination handler ensures that a particular block of code always executes, even if a guarded block of code terminates in an unexpected way. Termination handlers often contain code that frees allocated resources so that if a procedure terminates unexpectedly, the resources it allocated are released back to the system. Example T # èÈ ÀÊ 1 @ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ` ÿÿÿÿÀÊ ¬Í More About Architecture - Example 82 lÊ òÊ ' ÄR ÿ Example º ÀÊ ¬Í 2 2 ° âc|!
ÿ A thread gains access to the critical section , allocates a buffer, and then modifies the buffer. If something goes wrong (an unhandled exception, perhaps) and causes the routine to terminate while the thread is in the critical section, any other thread waiting for the resource will be perpetually blocked. Furthermore, the buffer that the thread allocated will be lost, with the operating system unable to recover it. These errors are sometimes called memory leaks because If too many occur, available memory gradually "drains away". The termination handler ensures that the thread releases the critical section object and frees the buffer. · òÊ cÎ 1 Ú ÿÿÿÿ a cÎ ¯Î 5 Windows NT: Background and Creation EB("btn_topic_index");SaveMark("topic_index"); CBB("btn_next_index", "PI(`nteval.hlp',`next_14')")L & ¬Í ¯Î & L °° ÿ Windows NT: History and Development ° k cÎ k E X× °° ÿ Development of the Microsoft ® Windows NT operating system began in 1988. This section examines the creation of Windows NT itself, the strategic move away from OS/2 ® Presentation Manager ® , and how Dave Cutler and his development team built a modern 32-bit ope¯Î k ¬Í rating system based on a number of proven technologies, including VMS ® and the Mach Kernel. Ê ¯Î 5 I ` ãFÙ¹
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ÿ Designing an Operating System for the 1990s The Creation of Windows NT The Move from Presentation Manager to Win 32 ^ - k 1
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ÿ As hardware technology advances, new computers with faster processors, more memory, and multiple processors are being introduced in swift succession, prompting operating system developers to extend their systems to take advantage of new hardware features. Innovative processor technology has rapidly emerged in both the CISC and RISC arenas. º é B , & ° ÿ In 1988, Microsoft recognized that it needed to produce an operating system that would exploit the ongoing advances of hardware technology. It needed to produce an operating system for the 1990s--one that was portable and moved easily between hardware platforms. Although Microsoft and IBM created the OS/2 operating system in the 1980s, Microsoft understood that the system had many shortcomings. For example, OS/2 is not portable. It was written in assembly language to run on single-processor, Intel ® 80286 computers. Instead of overhauling the OS/2 system software, Microsoft decided to build a new, portable operating system from the ground up. B 1 P ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿc ÿÿÿÿ Background - CISC. B ² ' ÄR ÿ CISC à º & u ° ÿ The Intel 80386 and 80486 chips, along with many other popular processors, are known as Complex Instruction Set Computer (CISC) chips. Their chief characteristic is a large number of machine instructions, each of which is elaborate and powerful. In the last few years, Intel has made major advances in the speed and power of its processors, and other manufacturers have developed multiprocessor machines based on the Intel CISC technology. 5 ² Ç 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿd ÿÿÿÿÇ ¥
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& ° ÿ In the mid-1980s, the hardware industry created another type of processor architecture called Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC) chips. RISC chips differ from CISC chips primarily in the small number of simple machine instructions they provide. Because of the simplicity of their instruction sets, the RISC processors run at increased clock speeds and achieve very fast execution times. X ' õ ý
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ÿ In the fall of 1988, Microsoft hired David N. Cutler to lead a new software development effort to create Microsoft's operating system for the 1990s. Cutler, a well-known architect of minicomputer systems, assembled a team of engineers to design the Microsoft's New Technology (NT) operating system. Early in 1989, Bill Gates and key Microsoft strategists met to review the operating system specifications that Cutler's group had defined. Their plans identified these primary market requirements for the new operating system: ë B s c âw~WA
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¯ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿf ÿÿÿÿ¯ ´@ Dave Cutler5 s ä ' ÄR ÿ Dave Cutler Ä ¯ ´@ 2 2% ° ÿ Prior to his work at Microsoft, Dave Cutler was a senior corporate consultant at Digital Equipment Corporation and had spent 17 years there developing a number of operating systems and compilers, including the VAX ® /VMS ® operatingä ´@ s system, the MicroVAX I workstation and operating system, the RSX-11M operating system running on DEC's PDP-11 machine, and the VAX PL/1 and VAX C language compilers. I ä ý@ 1 ¯ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿg ÿÿÿÿý@ cB Background - Portability6 ´@ 3A ' ÄR ÿ Portability 0
ý@ cB & ° ÿ Hardware advances occur quickly and often unpredictably. For example, RISC processors represent a great departure from traditional CISC technology. Writing Windows NT in a portable language would allow it to move freely from one processor architecture to another. ] , 3A ÀB 1 8 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿh ÿÿÿÿÀB E Background - Multiprocessing and ScalabilityI " cB C ' D ÄR ÿ Multiprocessing and Scalability l ÀB E & Ù ° ÿ Applications should be able to take advantage of the broad range of computers available today. For example, computers with more than one processor appear on the market regularly, but few existing operating systems can fully employ them. Making Windows NT a scalable, multiprocessing operating system would make it possible for a user to run the same application on single-processor and multiprocessor computers. At the high end, the user could run several applications simultaneously at full speed, and compute-intensive applications could deliver improved performance by dividing their work among several processors. S " C îE 1 ¿ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿi ÿÿÿÿîE ZI Background - Distributed Computing? E -F ' 0 ÄR ÿ Distributed Computing - îE ZI & ° ÿ The increasing availability of personal computers has irrevocably altered the nature of computing. Where once a single, large mainframe computer served an entire company, smaller and cheaper microcomputers have proliferated and are now standard issue for rank-and-file employees. Enhanced networking capabilities now make it possible for the smaller computers to communicate with one another, often sharing hardware resources such as disk space or processing power (in the form of file servers, print servers, or compute servers). To accommodate this change, developers of the Windows NT operating system would build networking capabilities directly into the operating system and would provide the means for applications to distribute their work across multiple computers. N -F ¨I 1 ` ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿj ÿÿÿÿ¨I ºL Background - POSIX Compliance: ZI âI ' & ÄR ÿ POSIX Compliance Ø ² ¨I ºL & e ° ÿ In the mid-to-late 1980s, U.S. government agencies began specifying POSIX as a procurement standard for government computing contracts. POSIX, an acronym rather loosely defined as "a portable operating system interface based on UNIX," refers to a collection of international standards for UNIX-style operating system interfaces. The POSIX standard (IEEE Standard 1003.1-1988) encourages vendors implementing UNIX-style interfaces to make them compatible, so that programmers can move their applications easily from one system to another. To meet the government's POSIX procurement requirements, Windows NT would be designed to provide an optional POSIX application execution environment. ] , âI M 1 = ð k k M `M Ú Background - Government-Certifiable SecurityI " ºL `M ' D R ÿ Government-Certifiable Security K $ M «O ' I °° ÿ In addition to POSIX compliance, the U.S. government also specifies computer security guidelines for government applications. Achieving a government-approved security rating makes an operating system competitive in that arena. Of course, many of these required capabilities are advantageous features for any multi-user system. The security guidelines specify required capabilities such as protecting one user's resources from another's and establishing resource quotas to prevent one user from garnering all the system resources, such as memory. # ì `M Ú 7 <Ù ° â a{ñ
ÿ The initial target for Window«O Ú ºL s NT security is the Class C2 level, defined by the U.S. Department of Defense as providing "discretionary (need-to-know) protection and, through the inclusion of audit capabilities, for accountability of subjects and the actions they initiate." This means that the owner of a system resource has the right to decide who can access it, and that the operating system can detect when data is accessed and by whom. See Also: U.S. Government Security Levels ] , «O 7 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿl ÿÿÿÿ7 ï Background - U.S. government security levelsI " Ú ' D ÄR ÿ U.S. Government Security Levels o I 7 ï & ° ÿ These classifications extend from level D (least stringent) to level A (most stringent), with levels B and C each containing several sublevels. Although Windows NT would initially be written to support the C2 security level, enhancements in future releases could meet the more stringent requirements of higher security levels. j 9 Y 1 ù ÿÿÿÿm Y · Background - The Move from Presentation Manager to Win 32^ 1 ï · - *b R ÿ The Move from Presentation Manager to Win32 ® ` 3 Y - (g °°
ÿ Originally, the plan for the creation of Windows NT called for an OS/2-style user interface and the OS/2 application programming interface (API). However, midway through the development of the system, Microsoft Windows version 3.0 finally achieved the critical mass from both users and developers lacking in OS/2. Recognizing this marketplace mandate and the complexities involved in enhancing and supporting two incompatible operating systems, Microsoft decided to alter its course and direct its energy toward a single, coherent operating system strategy. [ · ª 8 >· âEW
ÿ This strategy was to produce a family of Windows -based operating systems that supported computers from the smallest notebooks to the largest multiprocessor workstations. Windows NT, as the next-generation Windows operating system is named, takes its place at the high end of the Windows family. It has a Windows graphical user interface and is Microsoft's first Windows-based operating system to supply the Win32 API , a 32-bit programming interface for new application development. The Win32 API makes advanced operating system capabilities available to applications through features such as: Õ g n ¬Î T·L´
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ÿ Ó ¢ ° ¯ 1 o ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿo ¯ ã Integrating Windows NT and Banyan Vines PW(0,0,675,850,3,"MAIN");EB("btn_topic_index");SaveMark("topic_index"); CBB("btn_next_index", "PI(`nteval.hlp',`next_4')")Q + Ü & V °° ÿ Integrating Windows NT with Banyan Vines U ¯ 3 4« ° ÿ The Microsoft ® Windows NT operating system integrates seamlessly as either a client or server into a Banyan Vines network. Banyan's networking software provides access to information from any desktop to any network resource in a global enterprise. With Windows NT, it integrates hosts, terminals and workstations into a single, manageable network over which information can be transparently exchanged across the globe. A Windows NT-based client, can take advantage of Banyan's enterprise network services including the Global Directory (StreetTalk III), Intelligent Messaging and Security. è £Á ' Ñ ° ÿ As an applications server, Windows NT can run client-server applications such as Microsoft SQL Server. Because Windows NT was designed to use the VINES Internet Protocol, a Banyan client workstation can access server applications running on Windows NT workstations on the same network. In general, a Banyan client running Windows NT is £Á Ü integrated into a Banyan network in the same way as a Windows 3.1 client. Specifically, a Banyan client running Windows NT can take advantage of Common Login, giving you the ability to use a single username/password to automatically log on to the Banyan network through your Windows NT login. A single Banyan/Windows NT workstation provides complete access to multinetwork vendor print and file resources. A äÁ ( 2 ° ÿ For More Information: | 9 £Á ` C #VrU 0 °
ÿ R °ÿÿÿ Banyan Systems Bulletin Board Service: (508) 836-1834 [ äÁ »Â C #V0U 0 °
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ÿ Q »Â eà 1 P ÿÿÿÿ p eà «Ã ÊÅ Baxter Healthcare Corporation CBB("btn_next_index", "PI(`nteval.hlp', `next_5')")F ã «Ã & @ °° ÿ Baxter Healthcare Corporation Æ eà ÊÅ Y ° ãO$@T ãòj\ âÌï ÿ Intending to provide the best distribution in the business, Baxter Healthcare Corporation teamed up with a Microsoft Solution Provider to develop an innovative Warehouse Management System built around the Microsoft ® Windows NT operating system. The system is expected to help Baxter respond better to its customers' changing needs, which should improve the company's competitiveness. Solution Summary Case Details For More Information i 8 «Ã 3Æ 1 Á ÿÿÿÿq 3Æ Æ fA Background on Baxter Healthcare Corporation - Case StudyT - ÊÅ Æ ' Z R ÿ Baxter Healthcare Corporation Case Details ê 3Æ É ' Õ ° ÿ Baxter Healthcare Corporation provides hospitals with 120,000 different products--from sheets to heart valves. The company estimates that it supplies 70 percent of what a typical U.S. hospital buys. As part of Baxter International, the world's largest health care supplier, Baxter's strategy is to provide the "undisputed best service" to hospitals by satisfying their needs better than anyone else. One critical need all hospitals share is cost control, especially in light of the national move for health care reform. Don Schoen, Baxter's manager of Distribution Operating Systems, says improved distribution is one way Baxter can help its customers control costs. "By making our distribution more efficient, we can keep costs low," he says. 1 Æ ÉÊ & ° ÿ As part of a bold move to enhance its distribution processes, Baxter developed a plan to improve its warehouse facilities, operating concepts, and system tools. Next, the company looked for the computing solution that would make the system it envisioned a reality. _ 8 É (Ë ' p ÄR ÿ Business Objectives Dictate High-Performance Solution © } ÉÊ ÑÍ , &û °
ÿ Baxter had several goals for the new generation of system tools that would support its 60 nonautomated distribution centers across the country. These goals included improving the centers' abilities to respond flexibly to customer requirements for enhanced distribution services; managing and controlling inventory; effectively utilizing space; improving material handling efficiency; and facilitating the monitoring and management of quality throughout the distribution process. Excellent goals --but how could Baxter achieve them without sacrificing its existing investment in its growing enterprise-wide LAN-based computing system? h > (Ë 9Î * $| ÄR ÿ Microsoft Solution Provider Contributes Specialized Skills ^ ÑÍ Û 8 >½ ° â2²
ÿ That's the question Schoen brought to MIDAK International, a Microsoft Solution Provider. The Tucson, Arizona-based systems developer specializes in Windows-based client-server computing. MIDAK's vice president of Development, Armand Sperduti, says his company had been doing its own strategic evaluations. "Our goal as developers is to do everything under a common architecture," says Sperduti9Î Û ÊÅ . "We need the integrity of a server-based operating system we can work with into the future. After much testing and research, we decided Windows NT is that operating system." MIDAK had been using OS/2 ®. Ò 9Î ß 2 2¥ ° ât9
ÿ Baxter was also pursuing the Windows NT operating system, so the two companies enjoyed an immediate rapport. Baxter and MIDAK agreed the Windows NT architecture offered them a number of appealing features, including remote supportability of the servers; integration between SQL Server for Windows NT, Windows NT Advanced Server, and Windows NT Remote Access Service (RAS) support; multiple domain administration; and compatibility with Baxter's existing LANs. ® Û & ° ÿ "If the system went down for a day, we'd be out of business. Obviously, we're placing a lot of trust in the stability of Windows NT." ¼ ß I % / ÿ "Being the best in distribution commits you to effective integration with the rest of your business. This system gives us this kind of integration." W å E Z® °Ña©ñ9ÉY¡é1y ÿ Don Schoen, Manager of Distribution Operating Systems, Baxter Healthcare Corporation C I ( * $2 ÄR ÿ A Multifaceted System Ê å ò - (; ° ÿ MIDAK and Baxter split the project into two phases. The first phase was an inbound system that would track products as they arrive at each regional warehouse and are moved into storage locations. The second phase involved streamlining the process of shipping products to customers. In the first phase, product information from Baxter's IBM ® 3090 mainframe is downloaded to the warehouse's LAN running Microsoft LAN Manager, Windows NT, and SQL Server for Windows NT. MIDAK is providing a radio-frequency terminal interface to the database, so Baxter warehouse personnel can receive and enter information from anywhere in the warehouse--a wireless computer network. Ë ( û > J ° ⶯+
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ÿ Each time a remote radio-frequency terminal is turned on inside the warehouse, MIDAK's RF multiplexer software receives a code and becomes that client's server--in effect, all remote units each have their own "server," thanks to the multithreading and multitasking capabilities of the Windows NT operating system. Warehouse workers use these remote units to scan product bar codes and send the information to the SQL Server for Windows NT database. F ò A
* $8 ÄR ÿ Confidence in Windows NT , û m &
° ÿ Since Baxter was making a substantial investment--the distribution system would ultimately be installed in 60 warehouses nationwide--the company wanted to be certain of a good return on that investment. MIDAK's confidence in Windows NT helped convince Schoen's group at Baxter that the operating system would offer years of pay-back, and would provide a long-term strategic platform. The company has been extremely satisfied with the performance and stability of Windows NT during the initial stages of the project. P ) A
½ ' R ÄR ÿ Benefits Expected to Exceed Objectives ¶ m s ' ° ÿ Baxter is confident that its distribution system will meet its objectives--and then some. "We believe the system will allow us to provide improved service, reduced turnaround times, and lower costs," says Schoen. Beyond these core benefits, Baxter expects the system to allow the company to improve its response to special requests while fulfilling a number of warehouse administrative functions. Y 2 ½ Ì ' d ÄR ÿ Developing a Company's Future Around Windows NT f s fA ( Í ° ÿ With the first phase of the distribution system set to go into a pilot location, Baxter has started work on the second phase. It will focus on optimizing product storage and shipping. And Schoen says the company is already planning to apply Windows NT and SQL Server Ì fA ÊÅ for Windows NT technology in other areas. Schoen says Baxter is committed to leading the health care industry in its distribution capabilities. "It's clear to me that our Windows NT-based Warehouse Management System is a key element in accomplishing what weve set out to do--provide the best distribution services in the business," says Schoen. A Ì §A 1 & m S r §A ÿA ôF Solution SummaryX 1 fA ÿA ' b R ÿ Baxter Healthcare Corporation Solution Summary 0 §A /B % °
ÿ Industry 3 ÿA bB % ° ÿ Health care 8 /B B $ (
ÿ Business Solution C bB ÝB % < ° ÿ Warehouse Management System 3 B C $
ÿ Architecture º ÝB ÊC & ) ° ÿ Wireless computer network using radio frequency input devices to report product information to Microsoft SQL Server for Windows NT and Windows NT º C D 8 >
ÿ Products Used Microsoft SQL Server for Windows NT Microsoft Visual Basic (TM) Microsoft Visual C++ (TM) Microsoft Windows NT L ' ÊC ÐD % N ° ÿ Microsoft Windows NT Advanced Server < D E $ 0
ÿ Development Resources k ÐD E % Ö ° ÿ MIDAK International, a Microsoft Solution Provider specializing in Windows-based client-server computing 7 E ÓE $ &
ÿ Development Time { V E NF % ¬ ° ÿ Design process, three months; first phase of development, approximately five months / ÓE }F $
ÿ Benefits w R NF ôF % ¤ ° ÿ Improved customer service, reduced delivery times, and lower distribution costs 1 }F %G 1 Y ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿs ÿÿÿÿ%G MG ( ôF MG % ° ÿ O %G G 1 `" ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿt G âG ÷Ç Reference Books for Windows NTF ! MG âG % B ° ÿ Reference Books For Windows NT ë G óI & × ° ÿ Microsoft Press provides a range of books on programming and technical topics that assist technical professionals through the planning, design, and implementation phases of the development project life cycle. Microsoft Press books provide systems integrators and solution developers with useful information that sharpens programming skills and helps reduce development and debugging time. For support professionals, Microsoft Press provides comprehensive reference and how to information. é âG L * "Ó ° ÿ Microsoft Press publishes over 100 titles that contain thorough, reliable, and timely information on Microsoft applications, operating systems, and languages. These books provide a direct connection to the best and most reliable technical information sources: Microsoft development teams, programming experts, and some of the most capable writers in the industry. Many Microsoft Press books include disks with online reference information, utilities, and source code. Inside Windows NT o óI L ( Þ ÿ By: Helen Custer Foreword by: David Cutler Price: $24.95 ($32.95 Can.) Length: 416 pages ISBN: 1-55615-481-X ö Ì L N * " ° ÿ An accessible, inside look at the design, philosophy, and architecture of the revolutionary next-generation operating system that will bring into mainstream computing once-exotic concepts: microkernel architecture, object-based security, built-in networking, and client-server subsystems. Written by a member of the Windows NT development team, this book reads like a wide-ranging, in-depth discussion with the Windows NT developers. Windows NT Answer Book z S L
O ' ¦ ÿ By: Jim Groves Price: $16.95 ($21.95 Can.) Length: 224 pages ISBN: 1-55615-562-X u O N & ° ÿ A fact-filled guide that provides complete, straightforward answers to the most commonly asked questions about Microsoft Windows NT. The question-and-answer format provides accessible coverage of all rele
O MG vant topics for making the decision to move to Windows NT, installing Windows NT, and implementing Windows NT. Topics include: ¢ t
O 0 . *é ° ÿ Hardware requirements File format systems Compatibility with other operating systems What happens to existing files and applications when Windows NT is installed The differences between Windows NT, Windows 3.1, UNIX, and OS/2 How to use Windows NT security features How to plan a Windows NT network How to share resources How to revoke a user's privilege I $ y % H ° ÿ Microsoft Windows NT Step by Step j 0
' Ô ÿ By: Catapult, Inc. Price: 29.95 ($39.95 Can.) Length: 300 pages with one 3.5" disk ISBN: 1-55615-573-5 C y M & ; ° ÿ Self-paced training developed by professional trainers, for those who don't have the time for instructor-led training. With disk-based tutorials, follow-along lessons, and practice exercises, this book-and-disk package is a complete self-training course for beginners and a guide to learning specific skills for intermediate users. Lessons include starting NT, working at the desktop, running applications, managing files, using built-in accessories, securing your system, and sharing information within a group. Available September 1993. :
% * ° ÿ Running Windows NT ~ W M ' ® ÿ By: Craig Stinson Price: $27.95 ($37.95 Can.) Length: 600 pages ISBN: 1-55615-572-7 9 > & ' ° ÿ Comprehensive reference to the features and compatibilities of Windows NT, from installation to customization. Running Windows NT is truly a "look under the hood" for the new Windows NT user with helpful tutorials, great examples, advanced information, and insightful tips on running Windows NT. Useful workgroup solutions are also featured throughout the book, including using Mail to send electronic documents, sharing documents, using NT on a network, and using NT security features to protect data. Available September 1993. ; y % , ° ÿ Advanced Windows NT Ý ´ > V ) i ÿ The Developer's Guide to the Win32 Application Programming Interface By: Jeffrey M. Richter Price: $39.95 ($53.95 Can.) Length: 660 pages with one 3.5" disk ISBN: 1-55615-567-0 Å y & ? ° ÿ Advanced Windows NT is the reference for Windows programmers who want to make the jump to Windows NT programming. It concentrates on the core areas of Windows NT programming, insightfully analyzes what's new and different about Windows NT, and provides programs that put those insights into action. Each chapter tackles a specific Windows NT programming topic and how programmers can exploit the feature or mechanism in their programs. Most chapters include a full sample program in C that demonstrates the pertinent programming techniques. This book will transform any experienced Windows programmer into a ready-to-roll Windows NT programmer. Available October 1993. I $ V d % H ° ÿ Microsoft Windows NT Resource Kit u O Ù & ÿ By: Microsoft Corporation Price: $109.95 ($148.95 Can.) ISBN: 1-55615-602-2 ó Ç d Ì , & ° ÿ The Microsoft Windows NT Resource Kit is the one-stop solution resource packed with the technical information and tools you need to support installation of Windows NT in your office. The kit includes the Resource Guide, Messages, and Optimizing Windows NT. Three-volume set boxed with eight 3.5" disks and one CD-ROM Available October 1993. Each volume is also available separately. Microsoft Windows NT Resource Kit Vol. 1: Windows NT Resource Guide t Ù g ' è ÿ By: Microsoft Corporation Price: $49.95 ($67.95 Can.) Length: 950 pages with four 3.5" disks ISBN: 1-55615-598-0 © Ì Â & ° ÿ This complete technical guide to Windows NT includes information about installing, configuring, customizing, and tg  MG roubleshooting Windows NT. It also includes information on applications compatibility and migration from Windows 3.1, MS-DOS, OS/2, and LAN Manager using the built-in accessories; networking; and using database services with Windows NT. The four disks include a number of tools, utilities, and value-added software, including tools to manage users and groups of servers, a computer profile setup to easily set up large groups of workstations, an adapter card Help file, and an online registry database. Available October 1993. e @ g  % ° ÿ Microsoft Windows NT Resource Kit Vol. 2: Windows NT Messages u  à ' ê ÿ By: Microsoft Corporation Price: $39.95 ($53.95 Can.) Length: 600 pages with three 3.5" disks ISBN: 1-55615-600-6 8  UÅ & % ° ÿ An alphabetical reference and online database that provides in-depth, accessible discussions about Windows NT and Windows NT Advanced Server messages. The messages have been loaded into a Microsoft Access database with a simple user interface. This enables the user to search the database, add personal notes under a message, back up the database, and print a selected group of messages. Included with the book are three disks containing a run-time version of Microsoft Access and the Messages database. Available October 1993. g B à ¼Å % ° ÿ Microsoft Windows NT Resource Kit Vol. 3: Optimizing Windows NT r UÅ UÆ ' ä ÿ By: Microsoft Corporation Price: $34.95 ($46.95 Can.) Length: 350 pages with one 3.5" disk ISBN: 1-55615-619-7 ¢ | ¼Å ÷Ç & ù ° ÿ The complete guide to Windows NT bottleneck detection and capacity planning for the desktop and network. Also includes information on designing and tuning your Windows NT applications for high performance. Included with the book is one 3.5" disk full of software accessories and utilities for troubleshooting, fine-tuning, and optimizing PC performance. Available October 1993. O UÆ wÈ 1 ù ÿÿÿÿ u wÈ ®È vÊ Chevron Canada - Case Study CBB("btn_next_index", "PI(`nteval.hlp', `next_5')")7 ÷Ç ®È & " °° ÿ Chevron Canada È ~ wÈ vÊ J bý ° â2²
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ã äâÌïÿ Chevron Canada designed a streamlined client-server -based pricing system to keep the company competitive in the oil industry. Today, a pricing process that used to take days to complete can be wrapped up in less than an hour. And the improvement in communication between departments and sites was another key benefit. Solution Summary Case Details For More Information R ! ®È ÈÊ 1 ÷ v ÈÊ Ë Y Chevron Canada - Solution SummaryI " vÊ Ë ' D R ÿ Chevron Canada Solution Summary 0 ÈÊ AË % °
ÿ Industry B Ë Ë % : ° ÿ Oil refining and marketing 8 AË »Ë $ (
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ÿ Products Used { 2 RÌ Î I `e ° ÿ Microsoft Access ® Microsoft Windows NT Advanced Server DCA ® /Microsoft Communications Server Microsoft LAN Manager Microsoft MS-DOS ® Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft SQL Server for Windows NT Microsoft Visual Basic Microsoft Windows Microsoft Windows NT SNA Servers Sybase ® APT Programming Language < Ì =Î $ 0
ÿ Development Resources N ) Î Î % R ° ÿ Ten-person development team; two years 7 =Î ÂÎ $ &
ÿ Development Cost [ Î BÏ % ¶ ° ÿ $2 million Canadian for development costs, $600,000 of which was spent on pricing system / ÂÎ qÏ $
ÿ Benefits Ü ¶ BÏ Y & m ° ÿ Chevron Canada reduced the time necessary to make global pricing changes from 10 days to 55 minutes. MarqÏ Y vÊ keting is more aware and accountable for the profitability of each account. N qÏ § 1 z/ ÿÿÿÿw § ð Chevron Canada - Case DetailsI Y ð * $> R ÿ Chevron Canada Case Details Þ § ô & ½ ° ÿ Since the 1960s, Chevron Canada had relied on their parent company's mainframe in San Francisco to help determine prices for the Canadian market. The British Columbia-based oil refining and marketing company calculated pricing for each transaction manually, factoring in customer history, the competitive situation, and the crude oil rate established by the Canadian government. After a profit analysis was completed on paper, order-entry people wrote the suggested number on an unpriced invoice. Then it was keyed in by the Finance Department and batched to San Francisco that night for processing. Though the process was slow and the resulting prices inconsistent, in a regulated marketplace there was little incentive to change. 9 ð - & ' ° ÿ Deregulation came in 1985. Suddenly, Chevron Canada faced a new set of competitive pressures. Under the regulated system, rates had been both artificially low and comfortably stable, changing only once every quarter. Now, as prices shot up six dollars a barrel or more, conservation efforts intensified; Chevron and its competitors had to scramble for a share of the smaller pie. What's more, their customers rapidly became more sophisticated as world pricing took effect. Chevron was fighting for its place in a global market. : ô g & ) ° ÿ It was this intense competition that caused Chevron to streamline its pricing system to be more cost-effective. Because it lacked flexibility, the remote mainframe could not handle the overheated information climate of the post-1985 oil business: prices that changed by the hour; a diverse customer base that included farming, forestry, mining, trucking, airlines, and marine industries, each with a unique set of needs; and a service area that stretched from Alberta to the Yukon, requiring flexible, localized decision making. ã ½ - J
& { ° ÿ Chevron Canada developed a two-tiered response to the crisis. The short-term fix was to hire more clerks to handle pricing exceptions and retroactive price adjustments. Then, in early 1989 the company launched a long-term program that they hoped would dramatically reduce the need for exceptions and adjustments: they formed a task force to select and implement a new computer system designed to take Chevron Canada into the '90s and beyond. j D g ´
& Ä ÿ A Client-Server System That Rethinks Conventional Ways of Working Á J
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' 5 ° ÿ The task force knew that finding ways to streamline the existing pricing process was critical to the success of any new information system. There was a benefit in starting with such an outdated system: since the company hadn't invested in the existing system in 20 years, the task force now had the luxury of starting virtually from scratch and building the ideal solution. As the task force began its research, a distinct personality trait began to emerge: the group was not afraid to challenge conventional wisdom. They began to look for a system that would not only solve their immediate needs, but would also give them a competitive advantage in the future. p 7 ´
ñA 9 @o ° ÿ The task force itself consisted of end users, such as marketing and finance representatives, who would actually be using the new system, as well as technical staff who would be supporting it. Therefore, the task force focused on issues like usability, interface intuitiveness, reporting simplicity, and decision-support capabilities, while still considering critical issues like raw power, reliability, and compatibility. The solution they chose is a client-server system running three Microsoft ® SQL Servers on a Microsoft network. An IBM ® 295 "super server" handles all transaction procu
ñA Y essing, including the pricing module. A second super server is dedicated to decision support, covering the reporting and query side of the sales system. It maintains a database that acts as a snapshot of all historical transactions that took place up to the previous day. The design of this overall solution makes up-to-the-minute information from either super server easily accessible by all 200 users--regardless of their department or location--from any Windows client desktop. Ø ¬ u
ÉD , &Y ° ! ÿ When the system first went live in 1992, it ran OS/2 ® on both clients and servers, with the plan to evolve toward Microsoft's future system strategy. As the technology community began to focus more on the Microsoft Windows operating system, it was easy for Chevron Canada to migrate to Windows, with no interruption in service. Today, the system configuration shows OS/2 and SQL Server running on the database servers, Microsoft LAN Manager on multiple departmental file servers, and Microsoft Windows on most of the clients. In order to implement the next step in its planned migration, Chevron will move to the Windows NT operating system platform on the server side this year. L ñA H 2 25 ° ÿ When the project first started, Chevron received advice from consultants that it would take at least 50 person years to complete the work. But from the time they started writing code, it took a ten-person development team two years (approximately 20 person years) to put the pricing and order-entry components of the system into place, along with the Customer Master, the kernel of the system that contains all account information. Chevron's internal IS people worked with two Calgary, Alberta, consulting firms to develop the system. The primary development tools were Sybase ® APT and the Microsoft Visual Basic programming system. Development costs were $2 million Canadian ($1.55 million U.S.) of which the pricing component required approximately $600,000 Canadian ($465,000 U.S.). J # ÉD _H ' F ÄR ÿ Faster Pricing, Greater Accuracy ÿ Ú H ^I % µ ÿ "Marketing can look at the current status of a customer's pricing online, so they are more aware and accountable for an account's profit history. They are empowered with the information they need to make decisions." s . _H ÑI E Z\ °Ña©ñ9ÉY¡é1y ÿ Bill Soper, Manager of Information Services Ù ^I ÒM ( ³ ° ÿ "Designing this new system was critical for us to remain the market leader in our industry," says Bill Soper, Chevron Canada's manager of Information Services. Today, pricing for 300 products at 70 supply points is all handled online by seven people in the marketing department at Chevron's Vancouver-area headquarters. The profitability analysis that used to be done on paper and batched to the mainframe is now done on-site. There, the marketing group can access a customer's pricing status instantly, online. This crucial information could only be found in paper reports under the old system. Prices can now be changed globally or selectively, by supply point. And because new prices are now input by the people responsible for the account, there are fewer delays and fewer errors in transposition. What's more, the shift in responsibility from finance to marketing puts information and accountability in the hands of people who affect the company's profitability most directly. H ! ÑI & ' C ° ÿ The numbers showed that the new system gave Chevron a competitive advantage. Moving to a client-server system resulted in an estimated 65 percent overall reduction in paper handling for Chevron Canada. Shortening the billing cycle puts money in the bank for any company. Chevron Canada's billing cycle used to be 14 days long. The task force forecasts that they will reduce it to 12 days by the end of summer '93. Their goal is to tighten it even more, estimating that a one-third reduction would save $170,000 per monÒM & Y th in carrying charges. Ë ÒM ñ . *; ° ÿ The numbers in the pricing area are equally impressive. When the system depended on handwritten information, a global price change on some products took 10 days to complete. Today, under the client-server system, those same changes take just 55 minutes. Similarly, tax changes that took 15 days under the old system are now done in just two days. Fewer transposition errors and faster pricing updates mean fewer retroactive price adjustments. While customer demand will always require some adjustments, they are handled with maximum efficiency today: where it once took half an hour apiece to do 90 price adjustments, the staff now completes 90 in half an hour. S & & D - *L ÄR
ÿ The Future Looks Like Windows NT ª ñ î ' ° ÿ To ensure that Chevron's information system would keep working for them well into the future, the task force had to build in flexibility. They designed a system that could take advantage of technological advances as they happen, including a planned migration to Windows NT. As a beta test site for Windows NT, Chevron Canada experienced many of the advances Windows NT offers. For instance, creating a database took 25 minutes under Windows NT, versus 45 minutes in OS/2--a productivity increase of 180 percent. A 250-MB sales database took one hour to load in OS/2, but only 13 minutes with Windows NT--a 462 percent productivity gain. Ö ¤ D Ä 2 2I ° â·ý\j
ÿ Another demonstrated advantage of the Windows NT platform is its ability to double the number of users served (compared to OS/2's capacity) with no deterioration in performance. Moreover, the multitasking capability built into Windows NT speeds up information processing and enhances efficiency. For example, Windows NT allows an end user to run more than one productivity application at the same time--in this case Microsoft Word for Windows and Microsoft Excel. That user can achieve better application integration performance particularly cutting and pasting and "hot linking" information between the applications--than when running the same two programs under OS/2. á î Ø 3 4Ã ° ãcA
ÿ For the database administrator, SQL Server for Windows NT brings a new level of manageability to Chevron's servers. For example, Chevron uses the built-in administration tools in Windows NT to monitor SQL Server connections and to centrally manage security for all servers. Chevron Canada's migration from OS/2 to Microsoft Windows on the client side has already demonstrated the system's ability to adapt to changing technology. The move to Windows NT is the next logical step in a planned evolution, as business needs are redefined and the industry continues to offer new options. Chevron will be implementing scaled-down versions of its head-office LAN at other sites in the future. Some sites will have single Windows NT machines that will run SQL Server and business applications simultaneously. Other sites will have a combination of Windows NT and servers based on the Windows NT platform that will communicate with the central enterprise servers and keep all databases in sync. Á Ä , &+ ° ÿ In 1989, Chevron Canada had the vision to redesign their pricing system in order to remain at the forefront of their industry. Today, because of the task force's hard work and the open-minded response of their peers, the company is a leader in the shift to a technology that helps people work together more intelligently. What's more, it remains the leading retailer of gasoline in British Columbia. 1 Ø Ê 1 Y ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿx ÿÿÿÿÊ ò ( ò % ° ÿ ¹ Ê « 1 ¢ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿy « À tÅ An Overview of Client-Server Computing EB("btn_topic_index");SaveMark("topic_index");CBB("btn_next_index", "PI(`nteval.hlp',`next_25')")O ) ò À & R °° ÿ An Overview of Client-Server Computing « À ò a « ¬Ã ? Là ÿ A range of emerging business needs has placed new demands on computing systems in recent years. Businesses want to improve enterprise-wide access, management, and distribution of information to maintain their competitive advantage. In an effort to improve price/performance ratios, they are using smaller, less-expensive, networked personal computers to take over tasks traditionally performed by larger, more costly minicomputers and mainframes. At the same time, new technologies such as the Intel ® Pentium , MIPS R4x00, and DEC ® Alpha AXP microprocessors have made more powerful computing models possible. Advances in communication devices, such as fiber optics, eliminate potential network bottlenecks. Graphical user interfaces (GUIs), like Microsoft Windows , make computers more accessible and easier to use, minimizing training and support costs. È À tÅ @ N ã¿5ú1
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ÿ Client-server computing offers a key to solving the enterprise-wide computing needs of corporate, government and other organizational computer users. It offers flexible integration of disparate systems, and it provides organizations with an effective solution for a smooth upgrade path to the future. The Benefits of Client-Server Computing Requirements for Client-Server Computing _ . ¬Ã ÓÅ 1 N ÿÿÿÿ z ÓÅ $Æ AÊ Increasingly Competitive Business EnvironmentsQ * tÅ $Æ ' T R ÿ The Benefits of Client-Server Computing é ÓÅ
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È AÊ G \ °Ña©ñ9ÉY¡é1y ÿ (Source: May 1993 survey by the Business Research Group (BRG) Business Research Group, User Implementations of Client-Server Computing). ` / mÉ ¡Ê 1 Å ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ{ ÿÿÿÿ¡Ê Í Client-Server Computing: Increased Productivity@ AÊ áÊ ' 2 ÄR ÿ Increased Productivity % ÿ ¡Ê Í & ÿ ° ÿ You gain immediate access to up-to-date corporate data when you need it, without compromising security. In addition, you can use familiar tools, such as spreadsheets and database systems, to access data. A consistent graphical user interface reduces training and learning time. By integrating client-server applications with personal productivity applications, you can quickly build customized solutions to meet changing needs. Client-server systems are quicker to deploy than mainframe/minicomputer systems. _ . áÊ eÍ 1 : ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ| ÿÿÿÿeÍ Ç
Client-Server Computing: Lower Operating CostsC Í ¨Í * $2 ÄR ÿ Lower Operating Costs f eÍ 6Î ( Ì
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6 :e T: ÿ · A rich set of tools and APIs are available, facilitating client-server system development. · Client-server systems are very efficient. Back-end services (for example, database services) can be shared by several front-end applications at once (for example, a spreadsheet and a custom ordering tool). Ä 1
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& ° ÿ "Some of our customers have in excess of half-a-million phone calls a day, which vary in length from six seconds to hours. The way AT&T sees it, every single call is vital to that customer's business. We don't just complete the call--the Inbound mission is to provide for the successful completion of our customers' transactions." { 7 v
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' ó °° ÿ Businesses today depend on "800" numbers (and now "900" numbers) more than ever before as a core part of their operations. For example, every time a credit card purchase is made at a local store, the clerk slides the card through an automated reader that dials the credit card vendor via an 800 number. Computers answer the line and process the transaction without human intervention. And there's the nationwide retailer with hundreds of customer service representatives taking catalog orders over phones at seven sites across the country. Or the 900 number that the buyer of a new computer might call to get technical assistance. ¹ d
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- ( ° ÿ In all these cases it is imperative that the calls reach their destination and that the callers aren't left waiting. Too long a wait or a misdirected call can result in a lost sale or an angry customer. Moreover, companies today are looking at their phone calls as a source of strategic business information--from how well a regional advertisement worked to the immediate spotting of high-demand products in order to adjust manufacturing and inventory volumes. AT&T ® Inbound Services provides these 800- and 900-number services to over 1 million businesses, ranging from small shops such as a local auto parts dealer to every Fortune 500 company. n ;
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3 4w ° ÿ "Some of our customers have in excess of half-a-million phone calls a day, which vary in length from six seconds to hours. The way AT&T sees it, every single call is vital to that customer's business. We don't just complete the call, the Inbound mission is to provide for the successful completion of our customers' transactions," explains Joe Aiuto, product manager for AT&T Inbound Services. For the last several years, AT&T has offered a high-end family of products that telecommunications managers in each business can use ½
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3 4 ° ÿ As demand for AT&T's 800-number services grew to include a wide range of businesses and customers, the need became evident for an additional systems platform. "As more customers needed access to these network management tools, it was necessary to develop them on a platform that supported a common interface that was already widely accepted in the marketplace, one that a business user is typically working with in his or her daily environment," says Aiuto. To address this need, AT&T had begun to offer its telecommunications network management software on Windows 3.1 running with MS-DOS ® , calling these applications the ACCUMASTER Services Personal Computer Software. While this solution provided a standard graphical environment, many of AT&T's larger customer sites needed additional system power. Aiuto sought an alternative that would give users a standard interface and that had the power and sophistication for large mission-critical situations. Y 2 }Á
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ÿ AT&T Inbound Development is targeting Windows NT as the optimum platform for many of its 800-number customers and their network management software applications. One of the key ACCUMASTER applications originally developed for UNIX is Routing Manager, which is what telecommunications managers use to direct calls to various locations in real time. Grant Smith, development team leader for AT&T, is creating a version of this application for Windows NT, as well as creating entirely new telecommunication applications that will take advantage of the 32-bit, multitasking , and networking strengths of Windows NT. Currently, the AT&T programming staff are using Borland ® C++ and the Microsoft Visual Basic programming system for the bulk of the development, while evaluating Microsoft Visual C++ development system, WATCOM C/386 for Windows NT, and the 32-bit version of Borland C++. 7 ÌÅ
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& # ° ÿ Moving to Windows NT will not require a change in the basic way AT&T delivers the information to telecommunications managers. The raw data on the phone calls will still be downloaded from AT&T host systems that manage the initial calls, to the customer's local computer network over high-speed transmission lines. This link is a two-way street. Not only do telecommunications managers receive the data in real time, they are also able to give "orders" to the hosts, such as redirecting calls to another customer service site. è ¶ É
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ÿ Aiuto expects that each of his ACCUMASTER Services Personal Computer Software customers that use Windows NT on the desktop will have at least one local network running Windows NT Advanced Server. This network takes advantage of the domain name services and TCP/IP protocols of Windows NT for the wide-area-network link to the AT&T hosts. "That would be our point of presence with the customer," notes Development Team Leader Smith. K $ ËË
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' °° ÿ According to Aiuto, by expanding the ACCUMASTER Services software to Windows NT, AT&T customers will be able to take advantage of a large base of existing technology while benefiting significantly in the areas of reduced training, reliable networking and security, and a lower entry price for mission-critical network management solutions. Z 3 ã ' g ° ÿ "The applications that we are developing around the Microsoft Windows and Windows NT operating systems don't require extensive customized training for users," explains Tom Hicks, development manager on the project. "Once they install the software, our customers can be up and running right away because it's a graphical user interface they're used to working on." While security is a traditional weak point with PCs, says Smith, Windows NT offers surprising strength. "Security is a key issue with AT&T and with our customers because we value and respect the privacy of their information. We wanted to be able to talk to UNIX workstations. We wanted to be able to talk to other PCs. So what we needed was the capability of securing an application, securing an executable file. And Windows NT allows me to do that." Ü ¿ > J= ° â2²
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ÿ Smith points out that the real benefit comes from a network perspective. "In a networking environment, I feel Windows NT provides enhanced security," he explains. "Both from an administrative standpoint and a user's standpoint, because of the way that Windows NT was developed with a client-server model in mind. Under Windows NT, we look forward to being able to say that our same applications now have a mission-critical capability by virtue of the fact that Windows NT offers us a C2 level of security--multitasking, multithreaded security--that will not take that machine out of service, which is a requirement. It's a measurement of quality within AT&T." M ã K ? L ° ÿ Cost is also a key customer benefit in expanding to Windows NT. At the time AT&T Inbound Services made the decision to develop solutions for its customers on Windows NT, "We were looking for a lower entry price point for delivering mission-critical, high-performance solutions, and sufficient power and scalability for growing with our customer needs," explains Aiuto. "Windows NT provides the capability for us to deliver robust applications on systems costing roughly $3000, and the cross-platform capability enhances its value. Customers needing more power can take our Windows NT-based applications with them onto hardware platforms such as MIPS ® and Pentium chips, DEC ® Alpha's, and SPARC systems." The new entry-level price point, according to Aiuto, is at least one-fifth the hardware price of traditional high-end systems. { U ¿ Æ
& « ° ÿ Of course, the standard environment of Windows provides benefits to the customer as well. Development Manager Hicks cites an example of a hypothetical telecommunications manager whose New Jersey customer service office was closed by a gas leak. From a standard desktop PC, the manager could use AT&T's Windows-based Routing Manager software to divert calls to the Florida office. Then, without having to change operating environments or move to a different system, that manager could simply bring up another window and send an e-mail message to the Florida office, notifying them of the change. V / K ' ^ ÄR ÿ Future Services Will Demand New Applications Æ
ÕA - ( ° ÿ "As new AT&T inbound services and advanced features are developed, we will develop new applications and new tools to allow our customers to be able to manage those services. We will utilize Windows NT to develop applications that will be deployed on systems running Windows, Windows for Workgroups, and--especially--on Windows NT," says Aiuto. "Those applications will involve distributed computing, networking, and client-server techn ÕA ÷
ology." One of those planned applications is called the Online Call Detail Manager (OCDM), which will run under Microsoft SQL Server for Windows NT. According to Aiuto, OCDM is a master database that will store detailed information on every call placed to a company's 800 number--where it came from, the duration, who answered it, and so on. The company can analyze this data from many different views for marketing planning, staffing decisions, and more. õ Ï ÊB & ° ÿ When each phone call can mean dollars lost or profit earned, the OCDM database and all the ACCUMASTER Services software for Windows NT can add up to a significant competitive advantage for AT&T customers. 1 ÕA ûB 1 Y ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿûB #C ( ÊB #C % ° ÿ Y ûB C 1 M ÿÿÿÿ C îC
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ÿ Freightliner's Microsoft ® Windows NT -based information system, ServicePro, integrates several independent systems and applications to help the company maintain a leadership position in an increasingly competitive industry. ServicePro helps technicians repair trucks faster and more efficiently, while reducing customer downtime and repair costs. Solution Summary Case Details H îC
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F ¹F ' X R ÿ Freightliner Corporation Solution Summary 4 fF íF ( ° ÿ Industry : ¹F 'G % * ° ÿ Truck manufacturer 8 íF _G $ ( ÿ Business Solution \ 7 'G »G % n ° ÿ Truck dealership and fleet service and repair system 3 _G îG $ ÿ Architecture Î ¨ »G ¼H & Q ° ÿ Server based on the Windows NT platform, providing a single graphical client interface that integrates mainframe, minicomputers, and other Windows-based applications 4 îG ðH $ ÿ Products Used ½ ¼H I + $% ° ÿ Microsoft SNA Server Microsoft SQL Server for Windows NT Microsoft Visual Basic Microsoft Visual C++ Microsoft Windows 3.1 Microsoft Windows NT 7 ðH äI $ & ÿ Development Time Z 5 I >J % j ° ÿ Twelve months from initial design to system launch / äI mJ $ ÿ Benefits × >J DK D V' T ÚF
ÿ · Faster, more accurate truck repairs · More profitable service operations · Lower vehicle operating costs through better record-keeping ` / mJ ¤K 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ¤K WN Freightliner Corporation - For More Information> DK âK ' . ÄR ÿ For More Information u 1 ¤K WN D Vc ° ÿ For Microsoft Consulting Services in the United States, call (800) 922-9446 .For more information about Microsoft products and Solution Providers, in the 50 United States call Microsoft Inside Sales at (800) 227-4679 . In Canada, call the Microsoft Canada Customer Support Centre at (800) 563-9048 . If you require Text Telephone (TT/TDD) services for people who are deaf or hard of hearing, call (800) 892-5234 in the United States and (416) 568-9641 in Canada. Outside the 50 United States and Canada, please contact your local Microsoft subsidiary. L âK £N 1 29 ÿÿÿÿ £N òN TB Freightliner - Case DetailsO ( WN òN ' P R ÿ Freightliner Corporation Case Details ö Ï £N ô ' °° ÿ Freightliner Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Daimler-Benz, is North America's leading manufacturer of heavy-duty trucks, and is determined to stay ahead of the pack. With more than 23 percent of the market in 1992, the còN ô WN ompany ranked first in retail sales. But to gain equal footing in the critical aftermarket service business, Freightliner needed to give its dealers a better way to manage the enormous quantities of information they use every day. [ òN 8 >· ° ÿ To run their businesses, the 250 Freightliner dealers throughout North America previously contended with an assortment of disparate computer systems. For accounting, invoicing, tracking inventory, and recording repair orders, they used several kinds of stand-alone minicomputers from a variety of service bureaus running systems based on RISC, AS/400 ® , and UNIX ® . For specifying and ordering truck parts, they used a Windows - and LAN-based electronic parts catalog called PartsPro. And to obtain truck warranty information, they accessed the Freightliner mainframe using 3270 terminals or PCs. W 1 ô Þ & c ° ÿ This conglomeration of systems, not to mention the shelves of manuals and microfiche in every dealership, "was a Tower of Babel," according to Freightliners Director of Technical Service Systems, Doug Vakoc. "Every kind of information was on a different system, each with its own format, interface, sign-on procedure, and so on. This made it very difficult for people to find information and to stay up-to-date. Ultimately, the confusion cost us money--in lost service opportunities and the erosion of customer confidence when there were delays or mistakes." Y 2 7 ' d ÄR ÿ Poor Information Access Hampers Service Efforts ò Þ O & å ÿ Because the computer systems were based on various platforms, and because some of Freightliner's business areas were not automated, dealers and fleet technicians faced the following issues--all of which are common in the trucking industry: ¬ ] 7 û O l» Tî:l ÿ · Training. With so many different systems in use, training the technicians and dealer personnel on warranty, parts, and diagnostic services was costly and potentially confusing to employees. · Information access. Service information, stored on paper or microfiche, often had to be located before repairs could be done. Finding the right information was time-consuming, and the information itself was sometimes out-of-date. · Diagnostics. Technicians found the information available to properly diagnose and repair problems limited, and sometimes too simplistic for some service procedures. ë ª O æ A PU Tî:l ÿ · Maintenance. Without an easy way to access service updates, recall campaigns, and maintenance schedules for each truck, dealers missed opportunities to "piggyback" this work with repair service. · Warranties. Unlike automobiles, truck service warranties can be custom-configured for each vehicle from a wide variety of options. Dealers had difficulty figuring out whether specific repairs were covered by warranty. Ü û è & ¹ ° ÿ These problems were compounded by the increasing sophistication of today's trucks which, designed to meet environmental regulations and competitive pressures, have grown more complex to diagnose and repair. Moreover, today's truck fleet operators have very little tolerance for downtime. In an industry that has seen more than 60 percent of truck carriers go out of business since it was deregulated in 1980, lowering the cost of fleet operation is a competitive necessity. W 0 æ ? ' ` ÄR ÿ Integrated System Brings Information to Users æ Á è % % ÿ "Our customers expect a reliable place to have truck repair and maintenance done, with consistent, high-quality service. We built ServicePro to raise the overall performance of our dealers." N ? ¸ E Z °Ña©ñ9ÉY¡é1y ÿ Doug Vakoc, Director of Technical Service Systems, Freightliner Corporation õ % ß & ë ° ÿ With a corporate goal to be the i¸ ß WN ndustry's leading provider of support services as well as premium vehicles, Freightliner set about addressing these challenges. The company's sophisticated solution, called ServicePro, is an integrated information system that will be installed on servers running the Microsoft Windows NT operating system at all Freightliner dealerships. Designed and developed with the assistance of Microsoft Consulting Services (MCS), ServicePro incorporates state-of-the-art technology with point-and-click simplicity. It allows dealer service writers to perform their daily work--diagnosing truck problems, looking up warranty and service information, generating repair orders, and selling parts and service--at the push of a button. ' â ¸ Ç E XÅ ° â2²
ÿ ServicePro achieves this simplicity through a client-server architecture that allows client applications running with Microsoft Windows for Workgroups or Windows 3.1 to access any information--whether it is located on the server based on the Windows NT platform, the Freightliner mainframe, or the dealer's minicomputer-based business system. ServicePro's graphical front end, prototyped with the Microsoft Visual Basic programming system and developed with the Microsoft Visual C++ development system, provides menu access to Windows 3.1-based client applications developed by third parties. These applications supply parts information, service literature, and diagnostic assistance. Because they are based on the Windows operating system, the applications--several of which were purchased specifically for integration into the ServicePro system--were able to be used without modification both on the Windows-based PC clients and on the server based on the Windows NT platform. Y 3 ß _Ê & g ° ÿ The centerpiece of the ServicePro system is each dealer's server, which provides communication, data management, and file server capabilities. Through SNA Server, the server communicates with Freightliner's Amdahl mainframe, where information on warranty coverage, components, and service campaigns is stored. In addition, a custom-designed application on the server communicates directly with the business applications running on dealers' minicomputers, giving users access to customer information each dealer stores there. In ServicePro's distributed database architecture, each dealer's server runs Microsoft SQL Server for Windows NT. The SQL Server database stores all information necessary to create a repair order. This information can be customized to reflect the dealer's individual shop repair procedures. 6 Ç ßÌ J bm ° ât8
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ÿ Freightliner's decision to implement ServicePro on the Windows NT operating system was based on several key technical features of the operating system. These include its scalability and portability; high performance for disk caching; support for symmetric multiprocessing machines; support for applications that require more than 16 MB of memory; support for hard- disk striping , database management services, and connectivity services; and the ability to run existing 16-bit applications for Windows seamlessly on the server's 32-bit operating system. T - _Ê 3Í ' Z ÄR ÿ Consultants Share Knowledge in Partnership ô Î ßÌ 'Ï & ° ÿ For several reasons, Freightliner management decided early that ServicePro would be a Windows-based system. One of the key applications in the ServicePro system ran under Windows. Moreover, other Windows-based applications were available from specialized software vendors---there was no reason to coauthor or cofund the development of new applications. "We chose the Windows operating system because we knew the software we needed was available," says Vakoc. s M 3Í ¦ & ÿ Freightliner also knew from the outset that it would need outside resources to help develop ServicePro. Not having in-house expertise to write Windows-based applications to integ'Ï ¦ WN rate the new system, Freightliner evaluated several consulting firms. Microsoft Consulting Services was selected on the basis of the following criteria: R 'Ï 9 A P¥ Tì:l ÿ · Knowledge of programming for Windows. "Since we had already decided that ServicePro would be Windows-based, our consultants' familiarity with programming and applications for Windows was a must," says Vakoc. "We also wanted a strong, real, client-server environment. We thought Microsoft was in the best position to get us up to speed on Windows NT early." · Skills transfer. Freightliner chose MCS for its ability to convey knowledge about Windows NT and client-server technology, putting Freightliner in a stronger position to manage ServicePro on its own and, down the road, to design other client-server systems and applications for Windows NT. "We also wanted a partner who generates ideas," explains Vakoc. "In our experience, we've worked with other consultants who were mostly executing our ideas, but MCS shared the creative work with us. This was a very sophisticated project--especially in the communications area--and we knew that, with complex projects, there are always setbacks. It's easy to get discouraged. Because we clicked with the MCS people, it kept our motivation high." Í ¦ 9 3 4 T°ì:l ÿ · Partnership. "Our priority was to choose who we viewed to be the best long-term partner," says Vakoc, "who can help us develop our ideas into long-range strategies and implement them most quickly." [ 4 9 ' h ÄR ÿ ServicePro Increases Efficiency and Profitability X 2 9 ì & e ° ÿ ServicePro makes daily operations dramatically easier and more efficient for Freightliner dealers. For example, instead of wading through piles of microfiche or service binders, dealers can call up service bulletins and work instructions, including illustrations, to view on-screen or to print. CasePoint, the Windows-based artificial intelligence application integrated into ServicePro, guides service writers through diagnostic questions that help isolate the cause of a problem before the technician begins work. The service writer can then instantly determine if the needed part is in stock and whether the repair is covered by warranty. At the same time, the system alerts the user to other work that may be performed along with the repair--whether it be routine maintenance or an outstanding service campaign. r L ^ & ° ÿ ServicePro will help dealers work more cost-effectively by reducing faulty repairs, and it will help them receive faster reimbursement for warranty work through better record-keeping. Moreover, ServicePro's guided procedures will make it easier for dealers to train technicians and advisers; eventually, ServicePro will include special training modules, as well. As ServicePro improves the overall quality of customer service, Freightliner expects to see higher customer loyalty after warranties expire. In turn, this will create more parts and service business for the dealer network. ò ì w ' å ° ÿ "Through ServicePro, we can help our customers use their trucks more profitably, while helping our dealers achieve higher profitability too," says Vakoc. "We estimate that ServicePro will help our dealers substantially increase their nonwarranty service business." For customers, ServicePro will contribute to faster, more accurate truck repairs, less downtime, and lower repair costs. Scheduled maintenance and service campaigns also will be done in a more efficient way, saving time and money. þ Ø ^ u & ± ° ÿ Companywide, ServicePro will reduce warranty costs by helping dealers avoid unnecessary repairs. In addition, ServicePro will capture reliable repair histories that enhance the value of vehicles for future owners. L % w Á ' J ÄR ÿ Doing It Right, Today and Tomorrow ` u TB ' Á ° ÿ In future versions of SÁ TB WN ervicePro, Freightliner sees an important role for pen-based tablets and wireless LANs that will allow technicians to take diagnostic programs right to the truck. The company hopes to introduce a pen-based ServicePro system in 1994. For now, as it introduces ServicePro at dealerships across the country, Freightliner expects to see tangible benefits right away. By providing instant access to information, ServicePro helps dealers and fleet technicians do repairs more efficiently. Says Vakoc: "It's mind-boggling what benefits ServicePro can deliver to our dealers and customers." 1 Á B 1 Y ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ B B ( TB B % ° ÿ y H B &C 1 ã ÿÿÿÿE &C ZC E Reuters - Case Study CBB("btn_next_index", "PI(`nteval.hlp', `next_5')")4 B ZC ) " °° ÿ Reuters * ÷ &C D 3 4ï °° ÿ With the Reuter Terminal service moving to the Microsoft ® Windows NT platform, securities brokers and dealers around the world gain the critical advantage of faster desktop performance while analyzing global real-time news and market data. @ ZC E H ` °ã%U
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ÿ Solution Summary Case Details For More Information K D WE 1 ö r WE E ^I Reuters - Solution SummaryB E E ' 6 R ÿ Reuters Solution Summary 4 WE ÍE ( ° ÿ Industry F ! E F % B ° ÿ News and financial information 8 ÍE KF $ ( ÿ Business Solution [ 6 F ¦F % l ° ÿ World news and financial market information service 3 KF ÙF $ ÿ Architecture f ¦F dG % Ì ° ÿ PC workstations and servers delivering real-time information from mainframes over worldwide network 4 ÙF G $ ÿ Products Used ¯ dG GH + $ ° ÿ Microsoft Excel Microsoft Windows NT Microsoft Windows NT Advanced Server Borland Brief Intersolv PVCS Primia Software Codewright / G vH $ ÿ Benefits x I GH îH / . TÚHZ
ÿ · Increased workstation performance for math-intensive computations p > vH ^I 2 4| T°ÚFZ
ÿ · Substantially reduced hardware costs for workstations G îH ¥I 1 ï E ÿÿÿÿ ¥I ãI ¬Æ Reuters - Case Details> ^I ãI ' . R ÿ Reuters Case Details ú Ç ¥I ÝL 3 4 °° ! ÿ To maintain its position as the world's leading electronic information publisher, Reuters is committed to taking advantage of the latest technology to deliver news and financial market information in real-time to a worldwide network of over 200,000 terminals. With securities brokers and foreign exchange dealers depending on up-to-the-second information to make financial transactions, Reuters is constantly looking for ways to give its customers a performance edge. Since 1990 the company has offered its core product--the Reuter Terminal--as a Windows -based PC workstation running Microsoft Excel for financial calculations. Reuter services are also offered for dumb terminals and UNIX ® workstations. " ü ãI ÿN & ù ° ÿ "The process of establishing price and risk is called financial engineering. It has a tremendous amount of math in it and the math has to be done very quickly," explains Buford Smith, president of Reuters Information Technology. "Often a dealer has a client on the telephone and needs to quote a price to him and has to figure out what the price should be. The underlying financial instrument may be changing value as often as several times a second, so you have to have quite a bit of system capability." Z ÝL - (µ ° ! ÿ According to Smith, the Windows PC platform is very popular with Reuters customers, with the installed base of Windows-based Reuter Terminals growing at a rate of thousands per year. While the ease of use of a PÿN ^I C graphical environment was a decided advantage for traders and brokers around the world, there were still areas to improve. Smith notes that many of their customers needed greater performance than a PC running the Windows operating system under MS-DOS ® could provide: "Basically we had to limit some of the math you could do in order not to overrun the broadcast network," notes Smith. h B ÿN ú & Ä ÿ Windows NT-based Solution Impacts Both Workstations and Servers 6 0 ' ° ÿ To provide greater performance while maintaining the graphical ease of use of Windows, Reuters adopted the Microsoft Windows NT operating system as a new standard for the Reuter Terminal. "We definitely see a demand for being able to do more computations on the desktop and up until now, in order to satisfy that, basically we would have had to supply a much more expensive workstation," explains Smith. Reuters is applying Windows NT and Windows NT Advanced Server in two areas--on the client workstations that deliver and customize the data on the desktops of the traders, and as the primary back-end server operating system that makes the bridge between the terminals and Reuters's constant data downloads from their three worldwide data centers in Tokyo, London, and New York. # ý ú S & û ° ÿ The mainframes at these data centers receive constantly updated information throughout the day from about 150 stock and commodities exchanges as well as over 3000 firms around the world that contribute prices on other tradable financial instruments such as foreign currencies. This information is transmitted over satellite and cable to 25,000-plus customer sites in over 110 countries. At customer sites with computer networks, this information is received and stored on a PC server running Reuters proprietary database software. Until recently, some of the servers associated with Reuter Terminals ran under UNIX. According to Smith, Reuters is converting its server database software and all of its PC network servers to run under Windows NT Advanced Server. ?
0 2 2 ° ÿ The development staff at Reuters is using several tools to create the Windows NT-based versions of its terminal and server software. These include Borland ® Brief, Primia Codewright, Intersolv PVCS, and the tools in the Windows NT Software Development Kit (SDK). K $ S Ý ' H ÄR ÿ Workstation Performance, PC Price Ó ® ° % ] ÿ "The bottom line is that Windows NT will enable us to significantly increase the mathematical capabilities of our terminals, and will broaden the appeal of our services." @ Ý 5 E Z °Ña©ñ9ÉY¡é1y ÿ Buford Smith, President, Reuters Information Technology, Inc. Z ° Î ? Lµ ° âõì
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ÿ What are the benefits of this move to Windows NT? "For us, performance is the primary reason for making the transition to Windows NT," says Smith. Specifically, he identifies the 32-bit capability of Windows NT and its support for RISC workstations and multiple processors. "We can envision having Reuter Terminals with a tremendous improvement in mathematical capability for people doing financial engineering work." Cost savings will play a role as well. Smith explains that Windows NT allows Reuters to offer high-end networked workstations at a lower cost than traditional workstations. ó 5 óÀ & ç ° ÿ The move to Windows NT and Windows NT Advanced Server on the back-end server also provides a benefit to the many Reuters customers who do not have a network. "One of the things the Windows NT-based platform will give us is a much more simplified approach to bringing the server and the workstation applications together on a single piece of hardware," notes Smith. "We can't do that right now and a lot of our clients have a single key station. So instead of having to supply them with a UNIX server and a Windows-based PC Î óÀ ^I we'll be able to supply them one Windows NT-based set of hardware that actually runs the server application and the workstation application both. That will be a significant cost reduction for us. And ultimately for the customer." ^ 8 Î Q & q ° ÿ Reuters is committed to supplying the tools that best fit their customers' needs. "We still have lots of UNIX customers and will continue to expand upon and improve our UNIX offerings, but for the customers who want to use PCs and stay in the Windows graphical environment, this will be a tremendous benefit." ^ 7 óÀ ¯Â ' n ÄR ÿ Additional Services Look to Windows NT in the Future Ð Q ²Å 3 4¡ ° ! ! ÿ Smith points out that Windows NT gives Reuters and its customers tremendous flexibility in the future to choose from a wide range of computing platforms. The version of Reuter Terminal software for Windows NT has already been run successfully on two different hardware platforms--Intel ® -based PCs and MIPS ® workstations--and will be tested on additional platforms in the near future. Beyond the Reuter Terminal services, Smith notes that Reuters is looking at moving some of its other online information services to the Windows NT platform as well. The goal is to provide a single, easy-to-use screen that gives traders all the information tools they need to successfully complete crucial financial transactions. ú Ô ¯Â ¬Æ & © ° ÿ With Windows NT-based workstations on their desktops, these traders will be able to get up-to-the-second market information while communicating online with financial institutions, simultaneously and reliably. 1 ²Å ÝÆ 1 Y ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÝÆ Ç ( ¬Æ Ç % ° ÿ à ÝÆ ÈÇ 1 Ù ÿÿÿÿX ÈÇ È °Ë Windows NT Design Goals PW(0,0,580,750,3,"MAIN");EB("btn_topic_index");SaveMark("topic_index");CBB("btn_next_index", "PI(`nteval.hlp',`next_14')")@ Ç È & 4 °° ÿ Windows NT Design Goals þ Ë ÈÇ Ë 3 4 ÿ Microsoft ® Windows NT operating system software design required some serious thinking. For the system to fulfill its market requirements, it was crucial that complex features such as symmetric multiprocessing and security be incorporated from the beginning. Before they began writing the several hundred thousand lines of code that Windows NT would eventually comprise, the system's designers carefully constructed a set of software design goals to facilitate making the thousands of ancillary decisions that determine the internal structure of a large software project. When two proposed design options conflict, the design goals help establish which is best. The following are the Windows NT design goals: ª ] È °Ë M jº ã9ß
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Evaluating Windows Windows NT - System Road Tests EB("btn_topic_index");SaveMark("topic_index");CBB("btn_next_index", "PI(`nteval.hlp',`next_24')")= Û Ü & . °° ÿ Windows NT Road Test Û © · 2 2S ° ÿ When reviewing the Microsoft ® Windows NT operating system or any other advanced operating system, it is important to consider how you will use it. Your tests should focus on the functionality and performance required to support business solutions. There is no universal test suite that accurately grades operating systems--your choice should depend entirely on your requirements and how each candidate addresses them. ± Ü Å
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« , & ° ÿ An operating system is critical in realizing performance advantages from powerful hardware. For example, many CPUs, including the Intel ® x86 family, offer the ability to run several tasks concurrently by switching between them. However, most users of x86-based computers never gain access to this feature because they are using DOS which is not a multi-tasking operating system. An advanced operating system provides features like multi-tasking so that you can get the maximum performance from your hardware. X ' ~
@ 1 × ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ@ B How to Compare Windows NT - Scalabil« @ « ity4 « C@ & °R ÿ Scalability F @ B & A ° ÿ One responsibility of the operating system is to provide resources like processing, memory, and mass storage for applications. Scalability is the capability of an operating system to automatically accommodate additional resources as they are added to the system. For example, if you use a single processor machine, you can get better performance by adding processors. However, you can only gain the performance advantage you need if the operating system you choose can automatically find the new processors and schedule tasks to run on them. X ' C@ áB 1 V ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ® ÿÿÿÿáB ßD How to Compare Windows NT - Portability4 B C & °R ÿ Portability Ê ¤ áB ßD & I ° ÿ In an ideal world, you would choose the best hardware for your needs. Unfortunately, in reality, your options are often limited because your existing operating system can only run on certain hardware. Modern, advanced operating systems overcome this limitation by being portable so that they can run on several different types of machine. An advanced operating system gives you the widest possible choice of hardware. @ C E 1 ¯ E NE 6 Tests for Power/ ßD NE ' R ÿ Power 3 E E % ° ÿ True 32-bit U . NE ÖG ' ] ° ÿ Windows NT delivers power as a result of its 32-bit design. For compute-intensive applications, performance improves because computations are 32-bit instead of 16-bit. Consider the simple case of multiplying two 32-bit integers together--you will see the advantage. On a 32-bit operating system this operation takes one instruction. On a 16-bit operating system, seven instructions are needed: four multiplications and three additions. Test the performance of compute-intensive 32-bit applications such as modeling or recalculation of a large spreadsheet. A E H % 8 R
ÿ High Performance Graphics ÷ Ð ÖG J ' ¡ ° ÿ The 32-bit design also accounts for the superior graphics power of Windows NT. Graphics are very demanding computationally. A 32-bit graphics subsystem combined with 32-bit graphics device drivers enable very fast rendering of graphics images. Test graphics-intensive applications and compare performance to other platforms that support these applications. We recommend using the 256-color video drivers for maximum performance with these advanced applications. 4 H BJ % R
ÿ Multitasking Û µ J K & k ° ÿ When comparing multitasking capabilities, you should confirm that the operating system design really delivers the benefits of running multiple processes. Points to watch for are: A BJ ^K ' 4 ¬R# ÿ Preemptive Multitasking B K L & 9 ° ÿ Can one process interrupt another one? If not, it is possible for the system to be "hogged" by a single process that refuses to give up the processor. Preemptive multi-tasking allows the operating system to remove, or preempt, any process so that all processes get a chance to run. : ^K ÚL ( $ R#
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ÿ Even within a process, there may be tasks that can run independently. This is multithreading. For example, your word processor could assign a long printout to one thread while continuing interactive operation with another thread. You can then continue working while the print compiles in the background. Note : It is important to note that because Windows NT provides a high level of compatibility for 16-bit, Windows-based applications, they cannot preemptively multitask. Instead, these applications multitask cooperatively so that features like DDE and OLE are available. f ÚL á & Í ° ÿ When you test Windows NT, run the Performance Monitor and notice that applications share CPU time according to their needs. Physical memory pageIO á ßD s are also allocated based on the need of the application. Parameters such as working set size are important to review as well, since they are good indicators of how individual applications are using the system. 8 IO % & R# ÿ Asynchronous I/O ö á 6 ' í ° ÿ Generally, the CPU in your computer is much faster than the peripheral devices such as memory, hard disk or CDR. Asynchronous I/O allows the processor to request access to peripherals and then get on with something else while the peripheral fulfills the request. This technique makes very efficient use of modern, high performance CPUs. You should test disk-intensive applications including databases (both single-users and multi-user). Also try large reads and writes to verify the I/O performance. F | 1 o à ø ° | ± ï Tests for Scalability5 6 ± ' R ÿ Scalability ë ¸ | 3 4q °° ât8
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ÿ Application portability  ï ð ; D ° ÿ If you want to use applications on different architectures, the operating system must provide application level portability. You should check for: Binary Compatibility - applications run in binary form, unmodified. Source Level Compatibility - applications can be re-compiled without modification of the source code. API level Compatibility - applications can be re-compiled providing the source code does not make use of special vendor extensions. This is the most common level of compatibility between UNIX-based systems and in practice, it is very unlikely that an application designed for Solaris 2 will simply re-compile under HP-UX. H . 8 / ,3 °
ÿ Note : Windows NT provides binary-compatible support for 16-bit Windows- and MS-DOS ® -based applications across all implementations. 32-bit Windows-based applications are binary-compatible for a particular CPU architecture and 100% source-compatible between CPU architectures. d 3 ð 1 $ ø ~ ² Ý (Ä How to Compare Windows NT - Application IntegrationA 8 Ý ' 4 R ÿ Application Integration " û  ' ÷ °°Ý  8 ÿ The operating system not only exposes system resources to the user, it also provides a backplane for applications to run and communicate. Application integration allows you to combine information and functionality from multiple applications. For example, you may want to write a document with graphics, a sales forecast and a personnel list. The operating system provides links between your document processor, graphics package, spreadsheet and database so that each can contribute to the final document. H " Ý Sà & E ° ÿ Linking applications together makes it easy to build custom solutions with off-the-shelf software. Often a business solution can be enhanced by integrating the features of standard personal productivity applications. The result is a powerful solution that makes end users more effective. Õ y  (Ä \ ò
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¬Ä ¯Å 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ´ ÿÿÿÿ¯Å ôÆ Cut and Paste6 qÅ åÅ & °R ÿ Cut and Paste é ¯Å ôÆ & Ó ° ÿ Most operating systems provide a buffer known as the Clipboard that applications can use to exchange data. A less common capability is to enable applications to exchange data over the network using a network-transparent clipboard. < åÅ 0Ç 1 * ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿµ ÿÿÿÿ0Ç Ê Linked Data4 ôÆ dÇ & °R ÿ Linked Data º 0Ç Ê ' ' ° ÿ An extension of cut and paste is the ability to form a permanent link between the source and destination of the data. For example, if you write a report that contains data from a sales spreadsheet, you can create a link so that the report is automatically updated whenever the spreadsheet changes. Very useful for monthly sales reports! In Windows NT, this is known as Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE). The system also includes NetDDE which allows you to create the same links over a network. When testing DDE or an equivalent with Windows applications, be sure to create links between both 16-bit and 32-bit applications. You should also try nesting DDE links. ? dÇ ]Ê 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¶ ÿÿÿÿ]Ê <Í Linked Objects7 Ê Ê & " °R ÿ Linked Objects ¨ ]Ê <Í ' ° ÿ Object linking extends inter-application links so that applications can share functionality. For example, if you want a project proposal to include a diagram, you can insert a graphical object from your favorite drawing program and edit the graphic without leaving the original proposal. You see a single editing window whose functionality (menus, toolbar, ruler etc.) changes according to whether you select the text or the diagram. Windows NT provides object linking through a technology called Object Linking and Embedding (OLE). You should look for the same things as in DDE: OLE between 16-bit and 32-bit applications and nested OLE. W & Ê Í 1 & d £ · Í ÇÍ Æ How to Compare Windows NT - Networking4
<Í ÇÍ ' R ÿ Networking k D Í > ' °° ÿ Countless business users are recognizing the benefits of networking: better use of resources, better communication and better distribution of information. Networking is therefore a requirement of any advanced operating system. But how the operating system implements networking is critical to its success. You should be able to access resources over the network transparently and independently of your protocol choice. Your applications should be able to interoperate over the network. Your system administration tools should keeÇÍ > <Í p the cost of supporting a network to a minimum. d 4 ÇÍ ¢ 0 .i ° ÿ When testing network capabilities, focus on your own particular needs. Decide whether you are mainly interested in performance, security, reliability, ease of administration or network functionality. Then compare the features that specifically address your objective. Standard features for networking: Windows NT includes support to access remote resources. Windows NT includes tools for managing distributed resources. Windows NT includes functionality necessary to create distributed applications based on the client-server model including distributed IPCs. S > $ / ,§ ° ÿ Windows NT is extensible, enabling third parties to create additional connectivity options. Windows NT Advanced Server enables a single network logon to the enterprise with domains. Windows NT Advanced Server allows remote clients to access Windows NT-based resources over Remote Access Service (RAS). RAS supports connectivity options including telephone line via standard modems, ISDN connections and X.25 networks. Windows NT Advanced Server includes Services for Macintosh ® enabling Macintosh systems to be fully interoperate with PCs and be full clients to Windows NT Advanced Servers. ¢ R ¢ Æ P p¤
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& ù ÿ As you consider an advanced operating system's capabilities as a server, it is important to look well beyond its capabilities as a file and print server, and focus instead on its capabilities as an application server. Applications based on the client-server architecture provide the highest level of power and reliability when they can take advantage of the following features: d ' = HO Tì:l
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_ 1 C ~ ô º _ D Testing Windows NT - Application Server< ' * R ÿ Application Server ¶ _ Q ' °° ÿ A good example of a server application is Microsoft SQL Server for Windows NT. Tests against SQL Server should include multiple MS-DOS-, Windows-, Windows for Workgroups- or Windows NT-based clients. Because Sybase markets SQL Server as a NetWare NLM and as a UNIX application, it is easy to compare the performance of Windows NT Advanced Server as an application server to these other platforms. Ô dA 3 4© ° ât8
ÿ To demonstrate the importance of preemptive multitasking , set up several workstations with normal queries against the SQL Server database and a single client making an extremely long query. You will find that with Windows NT Advanced Server, the short queries will still make progress, even though the longer query is still in the system. Finally, it is important to test Windows NT Advanced Server in NetWare environments. Install NWLink IPX/SPX support in Windows NT network set-up. Install the ODBC drivers for SPX in SQL Server set-up. Using ODBC on an MS-DOS- or Windows-based client with Novell client software (NetX) installed, you can use front-end applications such as FoxPro or Microsoft Access ® to connect to Windows NT Advanced Server. U $ dA æD 1 £ » æD E I How to Compare Windows NT - Security2 D E ' R ÿ Security ü Õ æD G ' « °° ÿ System security is needed to provide a common way to protect resources from tampering and accidental damage. This is particularly important for resources like enterprise databases that your business relies on. Also, an effective security system must to be easy to use to be successful. You should look for powerful features like C2 compliance, but be careful to find a system that is easy enough to administer so that it will actually get used. Some points to check: m E ¬H + $Û ° ÿ 1. Does the system enforce full security with authentication required? 2. Can users be managed as groups? 3. Do users have to maintain multiple user accounts to gain enterprise access? 4. Does the system support security auditing? 5. Can the system control what operations various users can and cannot perform? 6. Do security capabilities extend to applications? V % G I 1 2J âßï¿ç
$ ÿ Security Features in Windows NT P ¬H RI 1 ¼ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¼ ÿÿÿÿRI ¾K Security Features in Windows NTH " I I & D °R ÿ Security Features in Windows NT $ ù RI ¾K + $ó ° ÿ Windows NT provides user-level security, with authentication required, designed to comply with US Government security standards. Windows NT supports local user groups, and Windows NT Advanced Server supports global user groups. Windows NT Advanced Server enables a single network logon to the enterprise per user. Windows NT supports full security auditing. All operations on a Windows NT-based system require a privilege. The Windows NT security model includes APIs to extend security to applications. \ + I L 1 ß ô ½ L SL
How to Compare Windows NT - Fault Tolerance9 ¾K SL ' $ R ÿ Fault Tolerance ± L N ' °° ÿ The two most common causes of system crashes are bugs in applications and power failures. Another, less common cause is hard disk failure. In each case, an advanced operating system can protect you from data and productivity loss. Techniques like structured exception handling, hardware isolation, UPS support, disk mirroring, duplexing and striping all help to make a system fault tolerant. £ l SL §O 7 <Ù ° â»ÑF
ÿ In comparing the fault tolerance of advanced operating systems, consider: 1. The level of protection between applications. 2. The level of protection of the system from applications. 3. Support for uninterruptable power supplies (UPS). 4. Ease of recoverability of hard disks after system failure. 5. Protection of information from failure of the hard disk. Z ) N
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® ' L R ÿ Windows NT Provides Fault Tolerance è a ½ ' Ñ °° ÿ Windows NT provides a completely protected 2GB virtual address space per application. This means that applications cannot interfere with each other or the system. If an application crashes, other applications can continue to run. ñ ® × ) ã ° ÿ Windows NT runs all system-wide operations in a protected micro-kernel that runs in a separate address space. Windows NT includes full support for UPS systems. Windows NT's NTFS file system is transaction-based and does not require the hard disk to be scanned after system failure. Windows NT also includes an integrated tape backup system. Windows NT Advanced Server supports hard disk fault tolerance options including disk mirroring and striping with parity (RAID5) without special hardware. Y ½ 0 B R/ ° âÑÛo!
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ÿ Test these things: Install a UPS on the system and then simulate a power failure. Shut off the system while it is running and notice how quickly NTFS partitions recover when the system is rebooted. Compare this to systems that require CHKDSK or a similar utility. Set up a disk mirror and/or stripe set and then power off one of the drives (Windows NT Advanced Server only). Back up a hard disk to tape using the Windows NT tape backup facility. Delete a file or directory and then try to recover the deleted file from tape. b 1 × 1 ' K ¿ Ñ Ç How to Compare Windows NT - Management Facilities? 0 Ñ ' 0 R ÿ Management Facilities å Ý ' Ë °° ÿ System management is a major part of the cost of running a network. When evaluating business platforms it is important to compare the facilities available to manage both server systems and desktop systems. Management includes: º Ñ * "! ÿ system installation control of users application installation system performance monitoring network resource management configuration control È ¡ Ý _ ' C ° ÿ hardware support A powerful set of management facilities should be "remotable" so that systems can be managed remotely, from a central administration station. h 6 Ç 2 4l âlbF
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- ) [ ° ÿ Windows NT installation is graphical. Windows NT includes a remotable Performance Monitor that is extensible to applications. Windows NT includes comprehensive, graphical administrative tools including User Manager, Disk Administrator, Performance Monitor, Backup Utility and Event Viewer. Windows NT Advanced Server includes tools for centralized management of server resources including share points and server applications. [ * W 1 ¼ ± Á Û äÀ Testing Windows NT - Management FacilitiesS , - Û ' X R ÿ Testing Management Features in Windows NT Ô ¯ ' [ °° ÿ Start by actually installing the system. You'll find that Windows NT requires only a few simple steps for installation using the express set-up option off a CD-ROM drive. D Û À - (/ ° ÿ Try changing the video driver for Windows NT. Try adding a new user account on Windows NT with the User Manager. Create a new disk partition using the Disk Administrator. Create a new group of users. Use the Performance Monitor to study CPU utilization for the system and for individual processes. Assign permissions to files and directories over the network. Use the Disk Administrator to view and manage disk partitions. Use the File Manager (or the Server Manager on Windows NT Advanced Server) to share resources on the network. ¯ À - Ø ± ¯ äÀ ' c ° ÿ Use the Server Manager on Windows NT Advanced Server to start and stop services running on the system. Use the Event View to examine the system, security or application logs. ] , À AÁ 1 % K 4  AÁ {Á oÄ How to Compare Windows NT - Interoperability: äÀ {Á ' & R ÿ Interoperability & ÿ AÁ ¡Â ' ÿ °° ÿ Integration with existing information systems is a key success factor for any business solution platform. Ultimately, existing solutions may be migrated to the new platform, but in the short term, the new solutions must interoperate with existing ones. y M {Á Ä , & ° ÿ Some key factors for practical interoperability are: Hardware compatibility - with the current machines, options and peripherals. Protocol compatibility. Communications - to exchange files for example. Remote access - terminal access to remote legacy systems is useful. Messaging services. Resource re-direction to legacy systems. U $ ¡Â oÄ 1 2H ãbF
ÿ Interoperability in Windows NT W Ä ÷Ä 1 8 ± V à ÿÿÿÿ÷Ä §È How to Compare Windows NT - Interoperability - Windows NT addresses these requirements:G ! oÄ >Å & B °R ÿ Interoperability in Windows NT 3 ø ÷Ä qÇ ; Dñ ° ÿ Windows NT is based on an open networking design Windows NT includes standard networking transports including TCP/IP, IPX/SPX and Data Link Control (DLC) in the package Windows NT enables client-server interoperability with UNIX over TCP/IP, Sockets and OSF/DCE-compatible remote procedure calls (RPCs). Windows NT is a full Telenet ® client and also includes support for FTP client and server. Windows NT is a full client to Novell ® NetWare ® servers with Novell's NetWare Client for Windows NT. 6 >Å §È - ( ° ÿ Windows NT Advanced Servers can be application servers in existing NetWare environments without additional networking software on the NetWare client. With Microsoft SNA Server for Windows NT, Windows NT-based systems become full clients to IBM ® hosts over SNA. I qÇ ðÈ 1 T 4 ÿÿÿÿÄ ðÈ 2É UÌ Application AvailabilityB §È 2É ' 6 R ÿ Application Availability ½ ðÈ ïË ' - ° ÿ In many cases, your choice of operating system is driven by the applications that you need to run. You should satisfy yourself that all the applications you need are available for your choice of operating system. Furthermore, you need to be confident that you will get good application support from your software vendors in the future. Thousands of software vendors are committed to supplying applications written for the Win32 API. Furthermore, Windows NT supports all 16-bit Windows- and MS-DOS-based applications as well as 16-bit character mode OS/2 applications and POSIX applications. This guarantees the widest range of application support you can get. f 8 2É UÌ . ,p °ãôeaö
ÿ 32 bit Applications for Windows NT Available Today È ïË Í 1 U ÿÿÿÿM Å Í uÍ Evaluating Windows NT as a File and Print Server EB("btn_topic_index");CBB("btn_next_index", "PopupId(`nteval.hlp',`next_11')");SaveMark("topic_index")X 3 UÌ uÍ % f ° ÿ Evaluating Windows NT as a File and Print Server É Í |Ï > J ° ÿ Microsoft ® Windows NT is an advanced, modern operating system capable of many different functions. One service that it provides is file and print sharing. However, because Windows NT is a high performance, client-server operating system with built in networking, it offers many compelling advantages over the leading file and print system, Novell ® NetWare ® 3.11. As you evaluate file and print sharing products, think about what is necessary to: g 8 uÍ / .p °ã8Sð
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ÿ · Leveraging your existing investment in hardware, software and skills · Reducing administration costs · Protecting your investment in mission critical data and information 4 · è & ° ÿ Key issues: ´ k p ®' ã8>(;
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ÿ Choose a System that Delivers Value What You Can Get For $20,000 Are You Saving Money As Your Network Grows? Don't Let Your Operating System Limit Your Choice of Hardware Why Not Use Your Server As A Workstation? Simplifying Access To Your Mainframe J è µ 1 Ö M Ç µ ¦ Windows NT Delivers ValueL & k & L °R ÿ Choose a System that Delivers Value T µ U 8 >9 ° ÿ When you acquire a file or print server product, what is included in the purchase price? Are you able to link all of your MS-DOS ® -based, Windows -based, Macintosh ® and remote dial-in clients? Are there built-in fault tolerance and back-up features or must you purchase those separately? Finally, does the cost of the shrink-wrapped package include the ability to grow or change with your business needs? For example, what if the demands on your server increase significantly? Does your file and print server provide the flexibility to support multiple processors, thus paying only for the additional processor and not another system? Windows NT Advanced Server provides all of these components in the purchase price, and will be able to grow and expand with your changing business needs. Q ê ¦ g Õ âr Q
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ÿ Windows NT Standard Features: Unlimited Client Support Excellent Connectivity And Interoperability Built-In Advanced Fault Tolerance Windows NT Makes Your Remote Users More Productive Integrate Macintosh Clients K U ñ 1 ÿ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÈ ÿÿÿÿñ ¥ No limit on Client Support@ ¦ 1
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ÿ With Windows NT you get every major fault tolerance technology right out of the box. When you use your file server for mission critical information, you need a server you can trust . There are many fault tolerance features available today that give you peace of mind, but how much do they cost? Standard Fault Tolerant Features: ¾ 2 A #èd3 9 ½
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ÿ More Details on Windows NT Fault Tolerance W & A >B 1 } Ê >B B G Make Your Remote Users More productive[ 5 çA B & j °R ÿ Windows NT Makes Your Remote Users More Productive m >B ,D & Û ° ÿ Does your network operating system connect all of your users, both local and remote? The graph below shows how demand for smaller, more mobile computers will increase over the next four years. As your users spend more time computing outside the office, it will be essential to provide them the same network access remotely that they get with a direct connection. 6 B bD 1 2 " ÿ 8 ,D F 2 2
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ÿ Because Windows NT Advanced Server is protocol independent, remote users are treated exactly as if they were locally connected. Thus, daily tasks such as E-Mail, mainframe emulation, and server application use can all be accomplished remotely under Advanced Server. All security and administration issues are retained without additional overhead. Additionally, because of the power and reliability of Windows NT, you need not dedicate a separate machine for dial-in services, as is the case with other systems. f 8 bD G . ,p °ãîï
ÿ More Information About Remote Access Service (RAS) L F LG 1 + Ë LG G êI Integrate Macintosh ClientsD G G & < °R ÿ Integrate Macintosh Clients ¤ x LG 4H , (ð °° & ÿ Windows NT Advanced Server allows Macintosh ® users to connect with no interruption or changes to their environment. ¶ G êI 3 4 ° ãz
ÿ Behind PCs, Apple's Macintosh is the most widely used desktop computer. The flexibility of sharing printers, physical disks and a common security and fault tolerant model greatly leverages hardware, software and human resources. It also preserves the respective environments, allowing users to focus on productivity, not interoperability. More Information About Macintosh Support \ + 4H FJ 1 µ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÌ ÿÿÿÿFJ M Excellent Connectivity and InteroperabilityS . êI J % \ °R ÿ Excellent Connectivity And Interoperability , ú FJ ÅK 2 2õ ° â
ÿ Windows NT is protocol independent. This is important because most larger businesses must support a variety of network protocols for a number of specific purposes. Recognizing that fact, Microsoft includes, in the purchase price, support for: q * J 6L G ^T Tñ ð9
ÿ · TCP/IP · NETBEUI · DLC · I PX i C ÅK M & ° ÿ This means that if your environment currently supports TCP/IP, a Windows NT Advanced Server could be installed and run natively in that environment with no additional cost. This is an important and unique distinction of Advanced Server because it separates the network operating system decision from the protocol issues. R ! 6L ñM 1 ñ
} 9! Í ñM 6N Ü Comparing Costs: a $20,000 ServerE M 6N & > °R ÿ What You Can Get for $20,000 h ñM ÄN & Ð ÿ For $20,000, this is what you could acquire with either Microsoft Advanced Server or Novell NetWare. ¼ 6N - ( °
ÿ Suppose you are responsible for making the purchasing decision for a network infrastructure in your department. You must provide a powerful and reliable file and print services to all your users including both Macintosh and remote users, and you must also allow users inÄN M other departments or areas of your company to share information. $20,000 with Microsoft Advanced Server and Novell NetWare £ F ÄN / ] #ß m ó
ÿ ÿ R % ÿÿÿ Component Windows NT Advanced Server Novell NetWare Version 4.x 3 v #º ß m ó ÿ F & & ÿ ¼ % ' ÿÿÿ Hardware Dual Pentium /66 + 64Mb RAM or R4400 /75 RISC + 64Mb RAM or Alpha AXP /150 Single Processor 486 66MHz with 16Mbytes RAM $ / ² [ #Hß m ó ÿ $ ÿ < ' ÿÿÿ Number of Users Unlimited 100 ½ a 3 o \ #Âß m ó ÿ ( ÿ f ' ÿÿÿ Macintosh Clients Unlimited clients - included 5 clients - included 1,000 clients - $1,195 ¢ G ² [ #ß m ó ÿ ÿ X ' ÿÿÿ Remote Access 64 connections - included 16 connections - $2,395 · V o È a #¬ß m ó ÿ $* ( ÿ ' ÿÿÿ Protocols Included TCP/IP, IPX, NETBEUI, AsynchBEUI, DLC, AppleTalk ® IPX only ± F y k #¦ß m ó ÿ ÿ 0 ÿ \ ' ÿÿÿ Processors Supported Up to 16 Processors Single processor only j E È ã % ° ÿ There are two very important factors to consider with this chart: ù ¸ y Ü A Pq Tñ ð9
ÿ 1. Only Advanced Server gives you the flexibility to utilize these advanced hardware platforms, such as the Digital Alpha AXP, MIPS ® or symmetric multiprocessing machines that are either Intel- or RISC-based, letting you predicate your hardware decision on the specific needs of your organization and not on the network operating system. 2. Only Advanced Server provides seamless access of network resources to all users regardless of whether they are PC or Macintosh users or whether they are locally or remotely connected. Additionally, Advanced Server provides an unlimited license to all potential clients, unlike the NetWare solution, which incurs additional costs for adding users. Q ã - 1 õ + ð! Î - Ã Save Money As Your Network GrowsT . Ü & \ °R ÿ Are You Saving Money As Your Network Grows? Ò ¬ - S & Y ° ÿ One of the largest hidden costs with network operating systems is the licensing of clients. Some vendors of networking products charge a per client cost while others provide licensing on a 10, 50, 100, or 1000 user basis. When Microsoft created the unlimited license cost structure for the Windows NT Advanced Server, we based the decision on customer suggestions. The biggest complaints about per client cost structure were: » 8 > Tñ ð9 ÿ · It imposes restrictions. · It forces network managers to (sometimes arbitrarily) limit information availability to users. ê » S ø / ,w °¤ ÿ The following chart compares client licensing charges of Microsoft Advanced Server and Novell NetWare (Note: These are suggested retail prices from 10/1/93. Actual prices may vary) . ï k ç #ØÖ_ i Ú É Ä ÿ ÿ & ÿ ` ÿ ÿÿÿ Servers Clients Windows NT Advanced Server Novell NetWare Version 4.01 Novell NetWare Version 3.1x Ä 7 ø « #ên_ i Ú É Ä ÿ ÿ
ÿ ) ÿ * * ÿ B ÿÿÿ 1 25 $2,995.00 $4,695.00 $3,495.00 (20 users) ª + ç U #ÎV_ i Ú É Ä ÿ ÿ ) ÿ ( * ÿ @ ÿÿÿ 1 50 $2,995.00 $6,295.00 $4,995.00 « , « À #ÎX_ i Ú É Ä ÿ ÿ ) ÿ * * ÿ B ÿÿÿ 1 100 $2,995.00 $8,795.00 $6,995.00 U À Ü ° 1 U ¼À #Îb_ i Ú É Ä ÿ ÿ ) ÿ * * ÿ D ÿÿÿ 1 500 $2,995.00 $26,395.00 Not supported ° 1 À lÁ #Îb_ i Ú É Ä ÿ ÿ ) ÿ * * ÿ D ÿÿÿ 3 500 $8,985.00 $79,185.00 Not supported ² 3 ¼À  #Îf_ i Ú É Ä ÿ ÿ ) ÿ , * ÿ H ÿÿÿ 3 1000 $8,985.00 $143,985.00 Not supported ´ 5 lÁ Ò #Îj_ i Ú É Ä ÿ
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ÿ Graphical Representation 1 ÒÂ PÃ 1 m ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÏ ÿÿÿÿPÃ Ã < Ã Ã 5 : ° " ÿ n = PÃ úÃ 1 è 9! " Ð úÃ `Ä È Don't Let your operating system limit your choice of hardwaref @ Ã `Ä & °R ÿ Don't Let Your Operating System Limit Your Choice of Hardware d > úÃ ÄÅ & } ° ÿ One of the biggest challenges in any Information Technology (IT) group is getting the most use out of hardware resources. As new technology becomes available, the dangers are that existing systems may become obsolete, or that the lack of return on investment may not justify the purchase of the latest technology. 6 `Ä úÅ 1 2 ° " ÿ a ÄÅ [Æ E Z8 Ña©ñ9ÉY¡é1y ÿ Source:Open Systems Today 6 úÅ Ç & ! ÿ Unlike other operating systems, however, Windows NT Advanced Server protects your investment by minimizing these dangers. For example, compare the hardware choices available with Windows NT Advanced Server against those available with NetWare, specifically in terms of: 7 [Æ È O nn Tñ ð9
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+ ÿ · Symmetric Multiprocessing · Portability ^ - Ç uÈ 1 À ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÑ ÿÿÿÿuÈ ×Ê Fileprint - Symmetric Multiprocessing - popupA È ¶È % 8 °R ÿ Symmetric Multiprocessing ! û uÈ ×Ê & ÷ ° ÿ Symmetric Multiprocessing allows purchasers to significantly increase processing power by purchasing only additional processors, not entire systems. It thereby doubles the processing power at roughly one third the price. However, no benefit accrues unless the operating system software natively supports SMP. Since Windows NT Advanced Server does support SMP, the cost savings is clearly applicable. Novell NetWare, however, does not support SMP, and therefore cannot take advantage of this cost savings. P ¶È 'Ë 1 û ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÒ ÿÿÿÿ'Ë Fileprint - Portability - popup3 ×Ê ZË % °R ÿ Portability I 'Ë £Í 2 2/ ° ÿ Through its portable design, Windows NT Advanced Server is able to run not only on Intel processor machines, but also those supporting RISC, such as the MIPS R4000 ® and R4400, the Intergraph Clipper and the new Digital Alpha AXP chip. This is important for two reasons. First, with new technologies from Digital, Intel, IBM and MIPS, it is not clear which chip architecture will deliver the best price performance. Portable operating systems such as Windows NT help minimize the risk since it will run on any of these systems. / ZË & ° ÿ Second, because customers have strategic relationships with their hardware vendors, it is advantageous to separate the hardware from the operating system and applications decision. Unlike NetWare, which only supports a single processor type, Windows NT Advanced Server does not force or limit the customer to choose according to the requirements of a specific type of processor. Windows NT Advanced Server is both sold and supported by a variety of chip manufacturers, providing a broad range of choices for customers. £Í ×Ê G £Í S 1 8 ð! t" Ó S ¬ ³ Fileprint - Save MoneyY 3 ¬ & f °R ÿ Save Money by Using Your Server as a Workstation º S f ' ' ÿ Why purchase an additional PC when Windows NT can run popular applications for MS-DOS and Windows, and support hundreds of users simultaneously? % þ ¬ ' ý ÿ Unlike NetWare, Windows NT Advanced Server need not be dedicated solely to file and print sharing. In small and mid-size work environments, the ability to use the file and print server as a workstation means empowering another user. NetWare cannot do this because it does not run desktop applications: it neither provides protection, nor does it employ the type of desktop security necessary to allow a server to function simultaneously as a workstation. Windows NT, however, delivers on these requirements: O ý f Ú R rû Tñ ð9
ÿ · It runs MS-DOS-based, Windows-based 16bit, Windows-based 32-bit, POSIX, and OS/2 character-based applications. · It supports integration functions such as OLE and WOSA. · It uses the same Windows interface used by over 30 million users. Ù ³ ³ & g ° ÿ Additionally, Windows NT is secure. Windows NT Advanced Server enables the administrator to configure a personality or customized configuration on a per user basis, which has the effect of limiting or restricting access to various components of the operating system. It also ensures that companies who wish to get the most out of the file and print servers can without the traditional fear that it would compromise system integrity. U $ Ú 1 ó " " Ô U Simplifying Access To Your MainframeM ' ³ U & N °R ÿ Simplifying Access To Your Mainframe z ô % ô ° ÿ There are several important criteria to consider when implementing a communications server into networking environment: ( à U H ^Á Tñ ð9
ÿ 1. The gateway must be stable and reliable. 2. Administration must be intuitive and easy to manage. 3. The gateway must have support from industry leading client providers. 4. The gateway should be cost effective. 1 ô M
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i 1 5 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÕ ÿÿÿÿi L SNA Server is Stable and ReliableI $ ² % H °R ÿ SNA Server is Stable and Reliable t i L & é ° ÿ A fully 32-bit server application, SNA server runs fully protected on Windows NT and Windows NT Advanced Server. Unlike Novell's NetWare for SAA which usually runs on a separate server, SNA Server can utilize the same hardware as your file and print server. Like Windows NT itself, it is both scalable and portable, and thus it can take advantage of multiprocessing or RISC servers. And, unlike NetWare 3.1x, all applications are protected from the operating system. This, combined with the flexibility to run on more powerful hardware allows departments to consolidate servers, which in turn reduces administration overhead. Y ( ² ¥ 1 K t" " Ö ¥ ö B Sna Server Is Easy To Install and ManageQ + L ö & V °R ÿ SNA Server is Easy to Install and Manage ® ¥ ¤ ' °° ÿ One administrator can easily configure several SNA Servers, add users, and establish security without ever leaving his or her desk. z ö O@ % ô ° ÿ Windows NT Advanced Server accommodates the needs of b¤ O@ L oth administrators and end users for flexibility and ease of use: Á O ¤ B r ² Tñ ð9
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âtç ÿ · It is easy to install . · It can support simultaneous sessions from multiple mainframes. · It allows remote users to run mainframe sessions and applications (including client-server APPC applications) just as they would locally on the network. Example · It provides excellent integration with IBM's NetView® . Q O@ aB 1 ; ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ× ÿÿÿÿaB KD Fileprint - More on Installationê Ä B KD & ° ÿ Because it is tightly integrated with Windows NT Advanced Server, SNA Server uses the same graphical administration tools and the same security model, and it can be remotely monitored, configured and managed. Additionally, SNA Server inherits the same users' rights that have been established under Windows NT Advanced Server, significantly reducing repetitive administrative tasks that would be necessary using Novell's NetWare for SAA and NetWare. R ! aB D 1 Ï ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿØ ÿÿÿÿD G Fileprint - Logon Example - Popup} W KD G & ¯ ° ÿ Under Windows NT Advanced Server, an administrator establishes a single logon and security profile for each user. That security and user profile is automatically mapped to additional servers, including SNA Server. Under NetWare 2.x and 3.x, the administrator must configure security and profile administration for each server. Additionally, since NetWare for SAA must run on a separate server, additional and redundant configuration is necessary. This type of additional administrative overhead directly translates into expensive and unnecessary costs which most organizations can hardly justify. L D fG 1 ( ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÙ ÿÿÿÿfG BI Fileprint - More on NetViewÜ ¶ G BI & m ° ÿ Aside from supporting such functions as RTM, administrators can map any number of user-defined system alerts to notify NetView. Similarly, the completely bi-directional NetView support allows an MIS administrator to manage a Windows NT Advanced Server from the NetView console. This level of integration ensures that investment in mainframe applications and information can be shared, and even enhanced, with Windows NT Advanced Server Y ( fG I 1 " " " Ú I ìI ÝK Sna Server Is Supported By Third PartiesQ + BI ìI & V °R ÿ SNA Server Is Supported By Third Parties ñ ¾ I ÝK 3 4} ° ã¯Ð/J
ÿ SNA Server enjoys broad support from third parties. Aside from supporting the WOSA services for SNA, SNA Server supports most third party 3270 and 5250 emulation products for Windows, MS-DOS, OS/2 and the Macintosh. This helps ensure that investments made in those products will be preserved, while adding significant value in the form of lower administration costs, better performance and enhanced reliability. Details on SNA Integration P ìI -L 1 Á " # Û -L vL ¾ Reduce Your Adminstration CostsI # ÝK vL & F °R ÿ Reduce Your Administration Costs ° -L &M ' ° ÿ Less than 15 percent of the five-year total cost of a personal computer ownership is represented by capitalized hardware and software. R + vL xO ' W ° ÿ The remaining 85 percent is dominated by such personnel costs as support, training and so on. Clearly, making system administration easier reduces these personnel costs. (Statistic provided by Gartner Group) Compared with Windows NT, NetWare 2.x and 3.x simply don't provide the features you need to set up an enterprise network. There is no way to link servers and provide the single network login that you need for centralized administration and practical user access. There is also no provision for WAN capability through inter-domain relationships. : à &M ¾ Z Á ã*Pæ
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ÿ To cut administration costs, consider the folxO ¾ ÝK lowing suggestions: Centralize Your Enterprise Management Secure Your Information Administer Your System From Anywhere Control the Distribution of Your Software V % xO 1 o " # Ü b Centralize Your Enterprise ManagementN ( ¾ b & P °R ÿ Centralize Your Enterprise Management q ù & â °° ÿ One big drawback with many local area networks is that each new server you add needs its own security system. § b ' ° ÿ As the administrator, you have to duplicate effort for each new server. As a user, you have to login separately to each server that you need to access. To solve this problem, Windows NT allows servers to work together and provide a common, enterprise-wide security system. Windows NT allows you to set up wide area networks, so you can get access to resources anywhere in the world with a single network login. Implementation of this management feature is easy. By replicating a database of users on each server, you can establish a "domain" of multiple servers with a single entry point. Domains can then be assigned trust relationships, which allow either unilateral or bilateral access between two or more domains. Once you log in to one of the servers, you are automatically recognized by all the others. This makes both security administration and enterprise access much more convenient. W & ù ÷ 1 9 # À# Ý ÷ 7 ? Keep Your Information Where It Belongs@ 7 & 4 °R ÿ Secure Your Information a ÷ ¾ & Â °° ÿ Windows NT is designed to meet government-certifiable, C2 level security as standard feature. 1
7 ï ' ° ÿ As information spreads across your network, so does the potential for security breaches. A good security system needs to be unobtrusive for legitimate users, impenetrable by hackers and easy enough to set up so that it will actually be used. This security is administered using a simple, graphical interface. NetWare does not include C2 level security as a standard feature, and because of the lack of server-to-server integration in NetWare 2.x and 3.x, administering security in multi-server networks is complicated . P " ¾ ? . ,D °ãSN¶o
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# Þ á ` Administer Your System From AnywhereM ' ? á & N °R ÿ Administer Your System From Anywhere Y ` & ² °° ÿ With Windows NT, you can administer any server from any Windows NT-based workstation. D á ¤ & = ° ÿ For example, you might want to monitor a remote server's event log and check the file activity that has been occurring. With Event Viewer, you can check any Windows NT host on the network without leaving your seat. This includes tracking such things as: logins, logouts, file or object accesses, system shutdowns and user rights. The same is true for the Performance Monitor. It can be used not only for checking system functions like processor activity, hard disk accesses and I/O, but also to monitor server applications like SQL Server. ¼ ` ` & - ° ÿ A third feature of Windows NT that helps you administer large networks centrally is its support for the simple network management protocol (SNMP). This standard protocol allows you to setup "agents" that report network activity to your central management station through management information bases (MIBs). Windows NT provides several network administration tools for SNMP that you can use immediately. Q ¤ ± 1 ð À# ï# ß ± Á Stay In Control Of Your SoftwareR , ` & X °R ÿ Control the Distribution of Your Software p ± & à °° ÿ A major problem facing companies with large networks is controlling software distribution across the clients. w E Á 2 2 ° âWî
ÿ Microsoft has demonstrated a product that revolution Á ` izes this aspect of network administration. Code-named Hermes, it can remotely audit, install and upgrade software across any network. This technology is supported by several independent vendors who plan to ship enhanced software distribution and auditing packages. J fÁ 1 · ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿà ÿÿÿÿfÁ ÓÇ Vendors Supporting HermesA Á §Á % 8 °R ÿ Vendors Supporting Hermes r $ fÁ  N #lH¡ § ÿ 2 ÿ 4 ~ÿÿÿ Attachmate Corporation Microcom 5 §Á ©Â [ #j¡ § ~ÿ ÿ F ÿ H ~ÿÿÿ Automated Designs Systems, Inc. NCR Corporation *  .à [ #T¡ § ~ÿ ÿ @ ÿ B ~ÿÿÿ Brightwork Development, Inc. Netlabs , ©Â µÃ [ #X¡ § ~ÿ ÿ 2 ÿ 4 ~ÿÿÿ Compaq Computer Corp. NetWork Managers 5 .à EÄ [ #j¡ § ~ÿ ÿ T ÿ V ~ÿÿÿ Computer Associates International Inc. Olivetti < µÃ ÜÄ [ #x¡ § ~ÿ ÿ , ÿ . ~ÿÿÿ Corporate Software Siemens Nixdorf Information Systems , EÄ cÅ [ #X¡ § ~ÿ ÿ B ÿ D ~ÿÿÿ Digital Equipment Corporation Softmart $ ÜÄ âÅ [ #H¡ § ~ÿ ÿ ÿ " ~ÿÿÿ 800-Software Software Spectrum n cÅ PÆ [ #&¡ § ~ÿ ÿ ÿ ~ÿÿÿ HDC Synoptics + âÅ ÖÆ [ #V¡ § ~ÿ ÿ 6 ÿ 8 ~ÿÿÿ Hewlett-Packard Company Tally Systems q PÆ GÇ [ #,¡ § ~ÿ ÿ ÿ ~ÿÿÿ Infonet VisiSoft h
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# Ñ# á &È qÈ ÄÊ Maximize Your Enterprise ResourcesK % ÓÇ qÈ & J °R ÿ Maximize Your Enterprise Resources ß ¸ &È PÉ ' q °° ÿ One of the reasons you installed a network in the first place was to get better use from your resources by sharing them between users. But are you really maximizing your resources? © qÈ ùÉ & ° ÿ Check these points against NetWare and the others and you will see how Windows NT delivers the best enterprise resource-sharing: Ë PÉ ÄÊ I ` ãî3F
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ÿ Don't Let Your Operating System Limit Your Connectivity Get Everyone Connected Keep In Touch From Outside The Office h 7 ùÉ ,Ë 1 ú ï# ! $ â ,Ë Ë _ Don't Let Your Operating System Limit Your Connectivity` : ÄÊ Ë & t °R ÿ Don't Let Your Operating System Limit Your Connectivity Ô ,Ë `Î ' [ ° ÿ In many cases, your choice of network protocol has been determined by your choice of network operating system. Consequently, you have implicitly standardized on a particular protocol that restricts your future choices for network software and hardware. Many customers, however, are now rejecting the inherent link between network products and the underlying protocol in favor of protocol independent systems, like Windows NT Advanced Server. The benefit of protocol independence to you is simple: you get freedom of choice. By avoiding protocol "lock in", you can choose whatever network products emerge in the next few years according to your needs, not your system's requirements. Z 5 Ë ºÎ % j ÿ Protocols supported by Windows NT Advanced Server: ; `Î CÏ N lv Pñ ð9
ÿ · NetBEUI · AsynchBEUI · TCP/IP · IPX/SPX · DLC > ºÎ Ï / . Tñ ð9
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ÿ · TCP/IP (using tunneled IPX) G ¦ 1 Ë Ñ# F$ ã ¦ í Get Everyone ConnectedG _ í , (6 °R , ÿ Get Everyone Connected ð Ã ¦ Ý - ( ° ÿ Most networks are heterogeneous. Even if 99% of your clients are PCs running MS-DOS and Windows, you may still need heterogeneous support just to add a few UNIX ® workstations or Macintoshes. w í y % î ° ÿ Windows NT Advanced Server has standard features to connect to Macintoshes and UNIX networks. Compared with NetWare: B Ý ^ #H ° ÿ 6 ° ÿ p °' ÿÿÿ Interoperability with... Windows NT Advanced Server NetWare ¢ y _ #EH ° ÿ ° ÿ Ø °' ÿÿÿ Macintosh AppleTalk, long filenames, transparent file and print access from Chooser. Unlimited clients. AppleTalk NLM, 5 users, transparent file and print. I ê c _ #ÕH ° ÿ ° ÿ Ò °' ÿÿÿ UNIX TCP/IP protocol and utilities are standard. DCE compatible RPC allows distributed applications. No standard support. NFS and FTP/print are available at extra cost. TCP/IP is tunneled into IPX so IP routing is not possible. $ " ÿ V % c Ý 1 o ! $ ÿÿÿÿä Ý + i Keep In Touch From Outside The OfficeN ( + & P °R ÿ Keep in Touch from Outside the Office Û ´ Ý ' i °° ÿ Portable computers have had a huge impact on work styles. This new trend also has implications for networking, since remote access capability is now an important feature that lets you use the network even when you are away from the office. Windows NT includes remote access capabilities as a standard feature. Both desktop and server versions can be accessed by modem. Windows NT Advanced Server supports up to 64 serial connections. c = + i & { ° ÿ NetWare by comparison does not allow you to login to a server remotely. Instead, another machine must be dedicated as a communications server. Remote users then connect to the communications server with dumb terminal software. You cannot download files, your connection is slow, and running Windows is impractical. a 0 Ê 1 ) ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿå Ê 1
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ÿ · 16MB of memory · One 3.5-inch high-density disk drive with 12MB of available disk space · Microsoft Mouse or compatible pointing device (optional) · 80387 or higher math coprocessor (optional) e A ç 1 ~ ÿÿÿÿ?% ñ ç 8 National Fuel Gas Supply Corporation - Case Study CBB("btn_next_index", "PI(`nteval.hlp', `next_5')")Q ( Q 8 ) "P °° - ÿ National Fuel Gas Supply Corporation ç = X ~[ ° ã¶äµ
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ÿ For More Information A = Æ 1 P% \% ò Æ ) ø Solution Summaryc 9 ) * $r R ÿ National Fuel Gas Supply Corporation Solution Summary 4 Æ ] ( ° ÿ Industry ; ) % , ° ÿ Natural gas utility < ] Ô ' * ÿ Business Solution ` ; 4 % v ° ÿ Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system 3 Ô g $ ÿ Architecture · 4 , & ° ÿ Custom application for Windows NT ported from OS/2 running on a Microsoft LAN Manager network and a satellite-based wide area network Ä X g â l ¦± . . . . . . . ÿ Products Used Microsoft Access ® Microsoft Excel for Windows Microsoft LAN Manager Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft Visual Basic ® Microsoft Windows NT Microsoft Windows for Workgroups Microsoft Word for Windows Novell ® NetWare ® Development Resources In-house PanData 8 Main Street, Flemington, NJ 08822 Development Time 1 % ° ÿ Two years 2 â E ' ÿ Benefit ³ ø & ° ÿ Provides faster access to mission-critical data, positioning the company to do business in the highly competitive deregulated environment. E E = 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿó ÿÿÿÿ= For More Information> ø { ' . ÄR ÿ For More Information Å = D V ° ÿ To learn more about Microsoft products, call the Microsoft Sales Information Center at (800) 426-9400 . In Canada, call the Microsoft Canada Customer Support Centre at (800) 563-9048 . If you require text telephone services (TT/TDD), call (800) 892-5234 in the U.S.A. or (905) 568-9641 in Canada. Outside the 50 United States and Canada, please contact your local Microsoft subsidiary. For more information about PanData, call (908) 782-5003 . b 1 { æ 1 î7 ?% ÿÿÿÿô æ A D National Fuel Gas Supply Corporation Case Details[ 4 A ' h R ÿ National Fuel Gas Supply Corporation Case Details § æ è ' °° ÿ The National Fuel Gas Supply Corporation can sum up the reason it changed its computer system in a single word: deregulation. Ø ± A Ì ' c ° ÿ Part of the 90-year-old National Fuel Gas Company, National Fuel Gas Supply Corporation purchases, gathers, transports, or stores natural gas in markets throughout the United States. More than 700,000 customers in western New York and westeè Ì rn Pennsylvania depend on National Fuel Gas for their natural gas. For much of its existence, the company's operations--like those of all other natural gas companies in the country--were closely regulated by the federal government. That changed in 1985 when the natural gas industry began to evolve toward a more competitive environment. The evolution was completed in 1992 when the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission issued Order 636, a restructuring mandate that requires all interstate pipeline companies such as National Fuel Gas to "unbundle" and separately market the components of their traditional merchant function. These components include transportation, storage, and sales of natural gas. ó À è ¿Å 3 4 ° ât8
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ÿ valid page VDM view virtual address space virtual circuit virtual DOS machine (VDM) virtual file virtual memory (VM) virtual memory management virtual memory (VM) manager 5 ä@ B , ( °â2`
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ÿ Win32 API Windows NT Windows on Win32 (WOW) working set workstation service WOW 1 B C 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ÷ ÿÿÿÿC úD D gC ÜC ' : R
ÿ access control entry (ACE) à C úD > JÁ ° âØRu
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ÿ An entry in an access control list . It contains a security ID (SID) and a set of access rights. A process with a matching SID is either allowed the listed access rights, denied them, or allowed them with auditing . 1 ÜC +E 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿø ÿÿÿÿ+E ûF C úD nE ' 8 R
ÿ access control list (ACL) C +E ûF J b ° âÍsº3
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ÿ The part of a security descriptor that enumerates the protections applied to an object. The owner of an object has discretionary access control of the object and can change the object's ACL to allow or disallow others access to the object. Access control lists are made up of access control entries (ACEs). 1 nE ,G 1 Ö ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿù ÿÿÿÿ,G ÑH 6 ûF bG ' R
ÿ access right o 1 ,G ÑH > Jc ° âNä{Ã
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ÿ A permission granted to a process to manipulate a particular object in a particular way (for example, by calling a service). Different object types support different access rights, which are stored in an object's access control list (ACL). See also access control entry and access control list . 1 bG I 1 B ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿú ÿÿÿÿI K 6 ÑH 8I ' R
ÿ access token Û I K > J; ° â$LÏ
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ÿ An object that uniquely identifies a user who has logged on. An access token is attached to all the user's processes and contains the user's security ID (SID), the names of any groups to which the user belongs, any privileges the user owns, the default owner of any objects the user's processes create, and the default access control list (ACL) to be applied to any objects the user's processes create. 1 8I DK 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿû ÿÿÿÿDK K - K qK ' R
ÿ ACE < DK K % . ° ÿ Access Control Entry 1 qK ÞK 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿü ÿÿÿÿÞK FL - K L ' R
ÿ ACL ; ÞK FL % , ° ÿ Access Control List 1 L wL 1 º ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿý ÿÿÿÿwL M 7 FL ®L ' R
ÿ address space R ! wL M 1 2B ° â¼; e
ÿ See virtual address space . 1 ®L 1M 1 £ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿþ ÿÿÿÿ1M £N / M `M ' R
ÿ alert C ù 1M £N J bó ° âÛ %
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ÿ An asynchronous notification that one thread sends to another. The alert interrupts the recipient thread at well-defined points in its execution and causes it to execute an asynchronous procedure call (APC). See also alertable thread . 1 `M ÔN 1 Ù ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÔN b : £N O ' & R
ÿ alertable thread H
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ÿ A thread that has declared itself ready to execute an asynchronous procedure call (APC). A thread becomes alertable either by waiting on an object handle and specifying that iO b £N ts wait is alertable or by testing whether it has a pending APC. See also alert . 1 O 1 Ù ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ ; 9 b Ì ' $ R
ÿ alerter service o > ; 1 2| ° âZâÌ
ÿ A network service that sends system messages to a user. 1 Ì l 1 ® ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿl é ; ; § ' ( R
ÿ alerting a thread B l é 1 2" ° â%Ò|
ÿ See alert . 1 § 1 ¡ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ - é G ' R
ÿ APC C % < ° ÿ Asynchronous Procedure Call 1 G » 1 x ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ» 4
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ÿ APC object Õ » > J« ° âÕÇ%»
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ÿ The kernel's representation of an asynchronous procedure call (APC). It is a control object, containing the address of an APC and a pointer to the thread object that will execute it. See also APC queue . 1 ï 3 1 Þ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ3 à 3 f ' R
ÿ APC queue z 6 3 à D Vm ° âÕÇ%»
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âhwïÿ A list of asynchronous procedure call (APC) objects to be executed by a particular thread. The presence of an APC object in a thread's APC queue causes a software interrupt to occur at APC interrupt request level (IRQL) the next time the thread executes (if other enabling conditions are present). 1 f 1 § ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ - à > ' R
ÿ API I $ % H ° ÿ Application Programming Interface 1 > ¸ 1 £ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ¸ * . æ ' R
ÿ APPC D ¸ * & = ° ÿ Advanced Program to Program Communications - A set of protocols designed by IBM that enable application programs to interact directly with each other on a peer-to-peer basis (not necessarily required to go through a host), even when programs are on separate and/or remote processors. 1 æ [ 1 - ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ[ W Q * * ¬ ' T R
ÿ application programming interface (API) « [ W & ° ÿ A set of routines that an application program uses to request and carry out lower-level services performed by an operating system. 1 ¬ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ . W ¶ ' R
ÿ ASMP N . ,@ °âFP5
ÿ asymmetric multiprocessing 1 ¶ 5 1 { ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ5 9 n ' $ R
ÿ associated IRPs ß 5 2 2¿ ° âÒé'
ÿ A set of I/O request packets (IRPs) created to process a single I/O request. Each associated IRP causes some part of the request to be fulfilled. When all the associated IRPs are processed, the I/O request completes. 1 n ° 1 È ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ
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ÿ associativity ` : ° G & u ° ÿ Refers to the number of data entries available on a per-line basis in the cache. This means that a 128K 2-way set associative cache has 256K worth of available data entries. A direct-mapped cache is name commonly given to a 1-way set associative cache--a cache in which there is one data entry per cache line. 1 ç x 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿx Ú K $ G Ã ' H R
ÿ asymmetric multiprocessing (ASMP) Ù x Ú > J³ ° â¥ZÒ
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ÿ A multiprocessing operating system that always selects the same processor to execute operating system code while other processors run only user jobs. See also multiprocessing and symmetric multiprocessing . 1 Ã 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ À 6 Ú A ' R
ÿ asynchronous ³ À 2 2 ° ân®Ö
ÿ Occurring at any time without regard to the main flow of a program (for example, a device interrupt). Compare synchronous . A À Ú 1 A =À 1 ² ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ
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ÿ asynchronous I/O G =À ¾Á 2 2+ ° âd"uá
ÿ A model for I/O in which an application issues an I/O request and then continues executing while the device transfers the data. The application synchronizes with the completion of the data transfer by waiting on a file handle or an event handle. Compare synchronous I/O . 1 wÀ ïÁ 1 Ì ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿïÁ à K $ ¾Á : ' H R
ÿ asynchronous procedure call (APC) P ïÁ à > J% ° âc&9
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ÿ A function that executes asynchronously in the context of a particular thread. The kernel issues a software interrupt when the thread executes (if other enabling conditions are present) and directs the thread to execute the APC. See also APC object and APC queue . 1 : »Ã 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ»Ã Å ; à öà ' ( R
ÿ attribute caching f »Ã Å 2 2Í ° âà u°
ÿ A technique used in the Win32 subsystem to achieve performance gains when a Win32 application calls drawing functions. The client-side dynamic-link library (DLL) remembers when an application changes some attribute of the screen display and sends the data to the Win32 server only when the application draws something on the screen. See also batching . 1 öà ¿Å 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ¿Å (Ç 2 Å ñÅ ' R
ÿ auditing 7 ¿Å (Ç 2 2 ° â$LÏ
ÿ The ability to detect and record important security-related events, particularly any attempt to create, access, or delete objects. The Windows NT security system uses security IDs (SIDs) to record which process performed the action. See also security ID . 1 ñÅ YÇ 1 ) ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿYÇ QÈ 8 (Ç Ç ' " R
ÿ authentication À YÇ QÈ 2 2 ° âÊ
ÿ Validation of a user's logon information. Performed by an authentication package in conjunction with the Windows NT security subsystem. 1 Ç È 1 C ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÈ É @ QÈ ÂÈ ' 2 R
ÿ authentication package Ò È É 2 2A ° âKÊ¡
ÿ A software module that can be plugged into the Windows NT security system to authenticate user logons for various input devices. See also authentication . 1 ÂÈ ÅÉ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÅÉ !Ë H ! É
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ÿ automatic working set trimming â ÅÉ !Ë 2 2Å ° âçÆ`
ÿ A technique used by the Windows NT virtual memory (VM) manager to increase the amount of free memory available in the system. It decreases each process's working-set size when free memory runs low. See also working set . 1
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ÿ backing store ¦ u RË /Ì 1 2ê ° âË ~x
ÿ A storage medium, such as a disk, that serves as backup "memory" for paging when physical memory becomes full. 1 Ë `Ì 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ`Ì 8Î 2 /Ì Ì ' R
ÿ batching ¦ t `Ì 8Î 2 2é ° âç7O
ÿ A technique used in the Win32 subsystem to achieve performance gains when a Win32 application calls drawing functions. The client-side dynamic-link library (DLL) stores drawing application programming interface (API) calls in a queue, sending them in a single message to the server when the queue gets full or when the user enters input. See also attribute caching . 1 Ì iÎ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿiÎ 7 8Î Î ' R
ÿ cache manager 7 iÎ 2 2 ° âZï
ÿ A component in the I/O system that provides file-caching services to file systems and the Windows NT redirector . It uses the paging mechanisms of the virtual memory (VM) manager to bring pages into memory from disk and to write cached pages back to disk. Î 8Î 1 Î = 1 l ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ= x 2 o ' R
ÿ callback × = x 2 2¯ ° âNº
ÿ A request message that a server sends to a client in response to a request from the client. A server sends a callback to a client to get more information about a client request. See also local procedure call . 1 o © 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ© . x × ' R
ÿ CDFS : © % * ° ÿ CD-ROM File System 1 × B 1 0 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿB A 7 y ' R
ÿ child process È B A 2 2- ° âk9V¸
ÿ A process created by another process that is called a parent process . The child process inherits some or all of the parent process's resources. 1 y r 1 § ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿr è . A ' R
ÿ CISC H # r è % F ° ÿ Complex Instruction Set Computer 1 1 È ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ ° 0 è I ' R
ÿ client g ° J b; ° âNº
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ÿ A process whose threads call services provided by either a local or a remote server process. In Windows NT, communication between a client and a server occurs through the local procedure call (LPC) or remote procedure call (RPC) facilities. See also client-server model . 1 I á 1 h ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿá = ° ' , R
ÿ client-server model ú Ô á & © ° ÿ A model for structuring applications or operating systems. The system is divided into processes (servers), each of which provides a set of specialized services to other processes (clients). Client processes request service by sending messages to server processes, and servers return results through another message. Systems built on a strict client-server model are appropriate for distributed computing environments in which servers can run on different computers. 1 I 1 ^ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿI v 7 ' R
ÿ clone upgrade ö Ð I v & ¡ ° ÿ Implemented by installing Windows NT Advanced Server on a separate computer and transferring (cloning) the LAN Manager server data and services from an existing server to the new Windows NT Advanced Server 1 § 1 ü ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ§ r
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ÿ code set t § r
% è ° ÿ The binary codes used to represent the characters of a particular language. (Windows ANSI is one such code set.) 1 Ù £
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ÿ committed memory ø ½ £
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ÿ Virtual memory (VM) for which space in the paging file has been set aside. The process that commits the memory is charged paging file quota at that time. See also reserved memory . 1 Ý
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ÿ complex instruction set computer (CISC) Ó \
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ÿ A processor that employs powerful, often elaborate, machine instructions. Because of the instructions' complexity, each can take several clock cycles to complete. Compare reduced instruction set computer . 1 W
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ÿ component M '
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ÿ component software d > A & É ° ÿ Software that is based on the notion of a component which is a reusable piece of software that z A
can be "plugged into" other components from other vendors with relatively little effort. For example, a component might be a spelling checker, sold by one vendor, that can be plugged into several different word processing applications from multiple vendors. 1 z AA 1 ¬ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ# ÿÿÿÿAA ¼B @ A A ' 2 R
ÿ concurrent application ; ý AA ¼B > Jû ° âÀâ¾Ó
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ÿ An application that can execute in two or more locations. In Windows NT, a concurrent application is one that has created more than one thread of execution, either within a single process or in separate processes. See also process and thread . 1 A íB 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ$ ÿÿÿÿíB >D ? ¼B ,C ' 0 R
ÿ configuration manager à íB >D 2 2Á ° âdì
ÿ A set of software components that simplifies storage and retrieval of system configuration information. It includes the configuration registry , the graphical Registry Editor, and hardware recognizer firmware/software. 1 ,C oD 1 ² ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ% ÿÿÿÿoD ðE @ >D ¯D ' 2 R
ÿ configuration registry A oD ðE 2 2 ° â(ãJ{
ÿ A database repository for information about a computer's configuration--for example, the computer hardware, the software installed on the system, and environment settings and other information entered by the person or persons using the system. See also key object . 1 ¯D !F 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ& ÿÿÿÿ!F H H ! ðE iF ' B R
ÿ connecting an interrupt object F !F H Y ° âhwï
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ÿ Associating an interrupt service routine (ISR) with a particular interrupt request level (IRQL) . A device driver calls the system to connect an interrupt object, which "turns on" interrupt handling for the device. See also disconnecting an interrupt object , interrupt object , and interrupt service routine . 1 iF 9H 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ' ÿÿÿÿ9H I 1
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ÿ console ± 9H I & ° ÿ A text-based window managed by the Win32 subsystem. Environment subsystems direct the output of character-mode applications to consoles. 1 jH LI 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ( ÿÿÿÿLI ÈI 1
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ÿ context K LI ÈI 1 24 ° âÓì
ÿ See thread context . 1 }I ùI 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ) ÿÿÿÿùI XK ; ÈI 4J ' ( R
ÿ context switching $ æ ùI XK > JÍ ° âÊ^
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ÿ Saving the context of an executing thread, loading another thread's context, and transferring control to the new thread. Context switching is performed by the kernel's dispatcher. See also dispatcher and thread context . 1 4J K 1 » ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ* ÿÿÿÿK M 8 XK ÁK ' " R
ÿ control object R K M 2 2A ° âäkÉÕ
ÿ A kernel object that provides a portable method for controlling various system tasks. The set of control objects includes the asynchronous procedure call (APC) object, the deferred procedure call (DPC) object, the kernel process object, and several objects used by the I/O system. 1 ÁK DM 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ+ ÿÿÿÿDM ¢N 7 M {M ' R
ÿ copy-on-write ' DM ¢N & ° ÿ Page-based (as opposed to object-based) memory protection that allows two processes to share a page until one of them writes to it. At that time, the process whose thread modified the page is given a private copy of the page in its virtual address space. 1 {M ÓN 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ, ÿÿÿÿÓN ¼O / ¢N O ' R
ÿ CPI-C º ÓN ¼O 2 2 ° â1¨±
ÿ Common Programming Interface for Communications - A peer-to-peer protocol for communications in an SAA environment see also APPC . 1 O 1 ë ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ- ÿÿÿÿ % ¼O ¼O : ¼O F ' & R
ÿ critical section ß % 2 2[ ° âO°
ÿ A block of code that accesses a nonshareable resource. To ensure correct code, only one thread can execute in a critical section at a time. See also mutual exclusion . 1 F V 1 â ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ. ÿÿÿÿV G % ' @ R
ÿ deferred procedure call (DPC) j V J bA ° âhwï
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ÿ A function that executes asynchronously, interrupting the execution of the thread that is currently running. DPCs perform system tasks that have been deferred until the processor's interrupt request level (IRQL) drops below dispatch IRQL. See also DPC object and DPC queue . 1 8 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ/ ÿÿÿÿ8 7 o ' R
ÿ demand paging ¯ r 8 = Jä ° âûÓ<
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ÿ A fetch policy for paging that postpones loading pages into physical memory until a page fault occurs. 1 o O 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ0 ÿÿÿÿO 4 ? ' 0 R
ÿ desired access rights ¦ u O 4 1 2ê ° âgíC
ÿ The set of access rights a thread requests when opening a handle to an object. See also granted access rights . 1 e 1 > ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ1 ÿÿÿÿe r 7 4 ' R
ÿ device object Ö ¤ e r 2 2I ° âMÿuä
ÿ A system object that represents a physical, logical, or virtual device and describes its characteristics. A device object is associated with a driver object . 1 £ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ2 ÿÿÿÿ£ K $ r î ' H R
ÿ disconnecting an interrupt object ¡ H £ Y ° âhwï
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ÿ Dissociating an interrupt service routine (ISR) from a particular interrupt request level (IRQL) . A device driver calls the system to disconnect an interrupt object, which "turns off" interrupt handling for the device. See also connecting an interrupt object , interrupt object , and interrupt service routine . 1 î À 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ3 ÿÿÿÿÀ F ' > R
ÿ discretionary access control ç À 2 2Ï ° ânø
ÿ The protection the owner of an object applies to the object by assigning various access rights to various users or groups of users. Discretionary protections can be limited by mandatory access controls applied to the object. 1 P 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ4 ÿÿÿÿP ¥ 8 ' " R
ÿ disk mirroring ë P ¥ 2 2× ° â»ÑF
ÿ The procedure of duplicating a disk partition on two or more disks, preferably on disks attached to separate disk controllers so that data remains accessible if either a disk or a disk controller fails. See also fault tolerance . 1 Ö 1 ¾ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ5 ÿÿÿÿÖ c 7 ¥
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ÿ disk striping V $ Ö c 2 2I ° âÎ_
ÿ The procedure of combining a set of same-size disk partitions that reside on separate disks into a single volume, forming a virtual "stripe" across the disks. This technique enables multiple I/O operations in the same volume to proceed concurrently. See also disk striping with parity . 1
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ÿ disk striping with parity a # 8 > JG ° â÷îym
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ÿ The procedure of maintaining parity information across a disk stripe so that if one disk partition fails, the data on that disk can be recreated by performing an exclusive-OR operation across the remaining partitions in the disk stripe. See also disk striping and fault tolerance . 1 × i 1 ` ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ7 ÿÿÿÿi À 4
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ÿ dispatcher å ³ i À 2 2g ° â¥ûµ
ÿ A kernel module that keeps track of threads that À 8 are ready to execute, selects the order in which they will run, and initiates context switching from one thread to another. 1 ¿À 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ8 ÿÿÿÿ¿À & = À üÀ ' , R
ÿ dispatcher database * ì ¿À &Â > JÙ ° â¾;
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ÿ A set of global data structures that the kernel uses to keep track of which threads are ready to execute and which processors are executing which threads. The database includes the dispatcher ready queue . See also dispatcher . 1 üÀ W 1 ¡ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ9 ÿÿÿÿW Çà ; &  ' ( R
ÿ dispatcher object 5 Ü WÂ ÇÃ Y ¹ ° â]Ô5
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ÿ A kernel object that supports synchronization . The kernel's dispatcher implements the signaled and nonsignaled synchronization semantics. See also kernel object , signaled state , and nonsignaled state . 1 Â øÃ 1 m ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ: ÿÿÿÿøÃ 4Å @ ÇÃ 8Ä ' 2 R
ÿ dispatcher ready queue ü ¾ øÃ 4Å > J} ° âòÖþ
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ÿ The data structure in the dispatcher database that tracks threads that are ready to execute. It is a series of queues, one queue for each scheduling priority. See also dispatcher . 1 8Ä eÅ 1 ê ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ; ÿÿÿÿeÅ É F 4Å «Å ' > R
ÿ distributed object computing s M eÅ É & ° ÿ This new computing method allows an application to be split into a number of components that can run on different machines and transparently connect to another application's components on other machines. As a result, the entire network appears to be one large computer with enormous processing power and capacity. For example, a database system could be built as a set of components: a query engine, a report engine, a forms builder, and a transaction manager. Each of these components could run on a machine suited to the amount of processing power, I/O bandwidth, and disk capacity required for it. Since inter-component communication is handled by the operating system, building such an application does not take significantly more effort than building a monolithic application, but the benefits of the component approach are numerous. 1 «Å OÉ 1 & ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ< ÿÿÿÿOÉ DÊ ; É É ' ( R
ÿ domain controller º } OÉ DÊ = Jú ° â¶ëe
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ÿ A server in a network domain that accepts user logons and initiates their authentication. See also authentication . 1 É uÊ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ= ÿÿÿÿuÊ áÊ - DÊ ¢Ê ' R
ÿ DPC ? uÊ áÊ % 4 ° ÿ Deferred Procedure Call 1 ¢Ê Ë 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ> ÿÿÿÿË xÌ 4
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ÿ DPC object 2 ô Ë xÌ > Jé ° â ã
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ÿ A kernel object used to asynchronously execute a system function. It is a control object that contains the address of a deferred procedure call (DPC) to execute. The kernel places DPC objects in a global DPC queue to await execution. 1 FË ©Ì 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ? ÿÿÿÿ©Ì Î 3 xÌ ÜÌ ' R
ÿ DPC queue º p ©Ì Î J bá ° â ã
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ÿ A kernel-managed data structure that contains deferred procedure calls (DPCs) waiting to execute. The presence of a DPC object in the DPC queue causes the kernel to issue a software interrupt at dispatch/DPC interrupt request level (IRQL) . The processor that takes the interrupt transfers control to the kernel, which executes all the DPCs in the queue. 1 ÜÌ ÇÎ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ@ ÿÿÿÿÇÎ > 7 Î þÎ ' R
ÿ driver object 4 ÇÎ > 2 2 ° â#µé¼
ÿ A system object that represents an individual driver on the system and tells the I/O manager the address of the driver's entry points. A driver object can be associated with multiple device objects (eachþÎ > Î one representing a device the driver operates). 1 þÎ o 1 § ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿA ÿÿÿÿo å E > ´ ' < R
ÿ Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE) 1 o å & ° ÿ The ability to form a permanent link between the source and destination of the data. For example, if you write a report that contains data from a sales spreadsheet, you can create a link so that the report is automatically updated whenever the spreadsheet changes. 1 ´ 1 Ó ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿB ÿÿÿÿ ¸ D å Z ' : R
ÿ Dynamic-link Library (DLL) ^ 8 ¸ & q ° ÿ An application programming interface (API) routine that user-mode applications access through ordinary procedure calls. The code for the API routine is not included in the user's executable image. Instead, the operating system automatically modifies the executable image to point to DLL procedures at runtime. 1 Z é 1 ø ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿC ÿÿÿÿé ° / ¸ ' R
ÿ embed r é ° & å ° ÿ To insert an object in a document by either creating a new object by using the Insert Object command or inserting an existing object by using copying and pasting operations. The object appears in its original format and can subsequently be edited by using the application that created it--or, in the case of sound, video, or macros, can subsequently be played or run. 1 á 1 ø ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿD ÿÿÿÿá ¨ ? ° ' 0 R
ÿ environment subsystem > á ¨ J b} ° âeÖ¿À
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ÿ A protected subsystem (server) that provides an application programming interface (API) and environment--such as Win32, MS-DOS, POSIX, or OS/2--on Windows NT. The subsystem captures API calls and implements them by calling native Windows NT services. See also integral subsystem and protected subsystem . 1 Ù 1 Ì ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿE ÿÿÿÿÙ t
3 ¨ ' R
ÿ exception h Ù t
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ÿ A synchronous error condition or atypical event that causes the execution of code outside the normal flow of control. Exceptions can be either hardware-detected errors, such as division by zero, or software-detected errors, such as a guard page violation. Unlike interrupts, which are generated from an external source, exceptions occur when a program executes a particular code sequence. Exceptions can also be reproduced.See also exception handler , structured exception handling , interrupt and trap handler . 1 ¥
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ÿ exception dispatcher ñ ³ ¥
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ÿ A kernel module that fields exceptions , transferring control to caller-supplied exception handlers or, if none are present, executing system default exception handlers. 1 ã
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ÿ exception handler C ö
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ÿ Code that responds to exceptions. The two types are frame-based exception handlers (including termination handlers) and system default exception handlers. See also exception , structured exception handling , and termination handler . 1 @ ´
1 ± ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿH ÿÿÿÿ´
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ÿ executive M ´
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ÿ See NT executive . 1 ç
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ÿ executive object Ù ³ e x & g ° ÿ A Windows NT object made visible to user mode by a component of the Windows NT executive. The executive exports object services, which are used to manipulate executive objects. 1 © 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿJ ÿÿÿÿ© @ - x Ö ' R
ÿ FAT = © @ % 0 ° ÿ FileÖ @ x Allocation Table 1 Ö P@ 1 Ç ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿK ÿÿÿÿP@ æ@ 9 @ @ ' $ R
ÿ FAT file system ] 8 P@ æ@ % p ° ÿ The file system traditionally used on MS-DOS systems. 1 @ A 1 ò ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿL ÿÿÿÿA ØB 9 æ@ PA ' $ R
ÿ fault tolerance b A ØB & Å ° ÿ A computer and operating system's ability to respond gracefully to catastrophic events such as power outage or hardware failure. Usually, fault tolerance implies the ability either to continue the system's operation without loss of data or to shut the system down and restart it, recovering all processing that was in progress when the fault occurred. 1 PA C 1 Z ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿM ÿÿÿÿ C 2D 6 ØB ?C ' R
ÿ fetch policy ó µ C 2D > Jk ° âÂ/5à
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ÿ The algorithm a virtual memory (VM) system uses to determine when the pager should bring a page from disk into memory. Windows NT uses a modified demand paging algorithm. 1 ?C cD 1 ¸ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿN ÿÿÿÿcD êD 5 2D D ' R
ÿ file handle R ! cD êD 1 2B ° âAfQJ
ÿ A handle to a file object . 1 D E 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿO ÿÿÿÿE íE = êD XE ' , R
ÿ file-mapping object d E íE 1 2È ° âsr
ÿ The Win32 subsystem's version of a Windows NT section object that is backed by a mapped file . 1 XE F 1 ó ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿP ÿÿÿÿ F àF 5 íE SF ' R
ÿ file object \ F àF 1 2¸ ° â]i
ÿ An executive object that represents an open file, a directory, a volume, or a device. 1 SF G 1
ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿQ ÿÿÿÿG íG 6 àF GG ' R
ÿ file systems ¦ G íG & ° ÿ Windows NT drivers that accept file-oriented I/O requests and translate them into I/O requests bound for a particular device. 1 GG H 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿR ÿÿÿÿ H J G íG eH ' @ R
ÿ frame-based exception handler Ï H J P n ° â8´µl
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ÿ An exception handler that is associated with a particular procedure or part of a procedure. The kernel invokes a frame-based exception handler when an exception occurs within that block of code. A frame-based exception handler can either resolve the exception, resignal the exception to a higher layer of code, or ignore the exception and resume the program's execution. See also exception , structured exception handling , and termination handler . 1 eH µJ 1 ù ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿS ÿÿÿÿµJ }L 6 J ëJ ' R
ÿ global group l µJ }L & Ù ° ÿ A global group is a number of user accounts from one domain who are grouped together under one group name on a Windows NT Advanced Server. A global group can contain only user accounts from a single domain. Local groups on a workstation or server can contain global groups. Hence, Windows NT workstation users don't have to manage their own groups and users. 1 ëJ ®L 1 Ë ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿT ÿÿÿÿ®L HN ? }L íL ' 0 R
ÿ granted access rights [ ) ®L HN 2 2S ° âF ¡r
ÿ The set of access rights the security system gives a thread that opens a handle to an object. The granted access rights are a nonproper subset of the requester's desired access. The object manager stores granted access rights in the object handle it returns. See also desired access rights . 1 íL yN 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿU ÿÿÿÿyN æN - HN ¦N ' R
ÿ GUI @ yN æN % 6 ° ÿ Graphical User Interface 1 ¦N O 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿV ÿÿÿÿO O - æN DO ' R
ÿ HAL B O O % : ° ÿ Hardware Abstraction Layer 1 DO ·O 1 ¬ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿW ÿÿÿÿ·O V 0 O ' R
ÿ handle ·O O J ·O V 1 22 ° â³G
ÿ See object handle . 1 1 ! ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿX ÿÿÿÿ w J # V Ñ ' F R
ÿ hardware abstraction layer (HAL) ¦ w & ° ÿ A layer of code that protects the kernel and the rest of the Windows NT executive from platform-specific hardware differences 1 Ñ ¨ 1 ã ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿY ÿÿÿÿ¨ Z 0 w Ø ' R
ÿ Hermes ] ¨ Z % º ° ÿ A Microsoft tool that can remotely audit, install and upgrade software across any network. 1 Ø 1 Ò ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿZ ÿÿÿÿ , M & Z Ø ' L R
ÿ high performance file system (HPFS) T . , & ] ° ÿ A file system designed for OS/2, version 1.2, which was created to address the limitations of the file allocation table (FAT) file system used by MS-DOS. It added features such as longer filenames, the ability to associate attributes with a file, faster searching for files, and other optimizations. 1 Ø ] 1 £ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ[ ÿÿÿÿ] Ï . , ' R
ÿ HPFS D ] Ï % > ° ÿ High Performance File System 1 1 ³ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ\ ÿÿÿÿ 5 Ï 5 ' R
ÿ idle thread M 2 27 ° â¥ûµ
ÿ A system thread that executes when no other thread is ready to execute. The idle thread executes deferred procedure calls (DPCs) and initiates context switching when another thread becomes ready to execute. One idle thread exists for each processor in a multiprocessor system. 1 5 ³ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ] ÿÿÿÿ³ ! - à ' R
ÿ IDT A ³ ! % 8 ° ÿ Interrupt Dispatch Table. 1 à R 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ^ ÿÿÿÿR ¿ - ! ' R
ÿ IFS @ R ¿ % 6 ° ÿ Installable File System. 1 ð 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ_ ÿÿÿÿð R 7 ¿ ' ' R
ÿ impersonation + ð R & ° ÿ The ability of a thread in one process to take on the security identity of a thread in another process and perform operations on the thread's behalf. Used by environment subsystems and network services when accessing remote resources for client applications. 1 ' 1 S ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ` ÿÿÿÿ ¥ G R Ê ' @ R
ÿ installable file system (IFS) Û µ ¥ & k ° ÿ A file system that can be loaded into the operating system dynamically. Windows NT can support multiple installable file systems at one time, including the file allocation table (FAT) file system, the Windows NT file system (NTFS), the high performance file system (HPFS), and the CD-ROM file system (CDFS). The operating system automatically determines the format of a storage medium and reads and writes files in the correct format. 1 Ê Ö 1 l ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿa ÿÿÿÿÖ D ¥ ' : R
ÿ instruction execution unit ÷ ¹ Ö > Js ° âgLË
â=Â
ÿ A processor-dependent block of code in a virtual DOS machine (VDM). It acts as a trap handler on Intel processors and as an Intel instruction emulator on the MIPS processors. 1 B 1 ~ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿb ÿÿÿÿB < ~ ' * R
ÿ integral subsystem Ó B > J§ ° â Ê :
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ÿ A protected subsystem (server) that performs an essential operating system task. This group includes network servers and the security subsystem. See also environment subsystem and protected subsystem . 1 ~ À 1 ¿ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿc ÿÿÿÿÀ N ; û ' ( R
ÿ interactive logon S . À N % \ ° ÿ A logon at the attached keyboard and screen 1 û 1 e ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿd ÿÿÿÿ
Á 3 N ² ' R
ÿ interrupt L
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ÿ An ²
Á N asynchronous operating system condition that disrupts normal execution and transfers control to an interrupt handler. Interrupts are usually initiated by I/O devices requiring service from the processor. See also exception and trap handler . 1 ² ;Á 1 I ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿe ÿÿÿÿ;Á SÂ >
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ÿ interrupt dispatcher Ú ;Á SÂ > J9 ° â=Â
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ÿ A submodule of the kernel's trap handler . It determines the source of an interrupt and transfers control to a routine that handles the interrupt. 1 yÁ Â 1 F ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿf ÿÿÿÿÂ Ã H ! SÂ ÌÂ ' B R
ÿ interrupt dispatch table (IDT) Í Â Ã 2 27 ° â ÓÒN
ÿ A per-processor data structure that the kernel uses to locate an interrupt-handling routine when an interrupt occurs. See also interrupt dispatcher . 1 ÌÂ ÊÃ 1 - ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿg ÿÿÿÿÊÃ ÆÅ : Ã Ä ' & R
ÿ interrupt object  l Êà ÆÅ V zÙ ° âk?ªV
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ÿ A kernel object that allows a device driver to associate (" connect ") an interrupt service routine (ISR) with an interrupt request level (IRQL). It is a control object, containing the address of the ISR, the IRQL at which the device interrupts, and the entry in the kernel's interrupt dispatch table (IDT) with which the ISR should be associated. 1 Ä ÷Å 1 ö ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿh ÿÿÿÿ÷Å ¼Ç H ! ÆÅ ?Æ ' B R
ÿ interrupt request level (IRQL) } K ÷Å ¼Ç 2 2 ° âlJX
ÿ A ranking of interrupts by priority. A processor has an interrupt request level (IRQL) setting that threads can raise or lower. Interrupts that occur at or below the processor's IRQL setting are blocked, or masked, whereas interrupts that occur above the processor's IRQL setting are not masked. See also masking interrupts . 1 ?Æ íÇ 1 Ð ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿi ÿÿÿÿíÇ É I " ¼Ç 6È ' D R
ÿ interrupt service routine (ISR) V $ íÇ É 2 2I ° â ã
ÿ A device driver routine that the kernel's interrupt handler calls when a device issues an interrupt. The routine stops the device from generating interrupts, saves device status information, and then queues a device driver deferred procedure call (DPC) to complete interrupt servicing. 1 6È ½É 1 º ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿj ÿÿÿÿ½É FË 6 É óÉ ' R
ÿ invalid page S ½É FË > J+ ° âsÔFÉ
â/GØ
ÿ A virtual page that causes a page fault if an address from it is referenced. The page is either loaded from disk and made valid or recovered from the standby or modified page list and made valid; otherwise, the reference was an access violation. See also valid page . 1 óÉ wË 1 X ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿk ÿÿÿÿwË Í 8 FË ¯Ë ' " R
ÿ I/O completion ï ¥ wË Í J bK ° âAfQJ
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ÿ The final step in the I/O system's processing of an I/O request. Typical operations include deleting internal data structures associated with the request, returning data to the caller, recording the final status of the operation in an I/O status block, setting a file object and/or event to the signaled state , and perhaps queuing an asynchronous procedure call (APC). See also asynchronous procedure call . 1 ¯Ë ÏÍ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿl ÿÿÿÿÏÍ 9Ï 5 Í Î ' R
ÿ I/O Manager 5 ÏÍ 9Ï & ° ÿ The Windows NT executive component that unifies the various pieces of the I/O system. It defines an orderly framework within which I/O requests are accepted and delivered to file systems and device drivers. It also provides code that is common to more than one driver. 1 Î jÏ 1 ª ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿm ÿÿÿÿjÏ " B 9Ï ¬Ï ' 6 R
ÿ I/O request packet (IRP) j 8 jÏ " 2 2q ° â
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ÿ A data structure used to represen¬Ï " 9Ï t an I/O request and to control its processing. The I/O manager creates the IRP and then passes it to one or more drivers in succession. When the drivers are finished performing the operation, the I/O manager completes the I/O and deletes the IRP. See also I/O completion . 1 ¬Ï S 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿn ÿÿÿÿS ¹ . " ' R
ÿ IOSB 8 S ¹ % & ° ÿ I/O Status Block 1 ê 1 S ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿo ÿÿÿÿê A ¹ + ' 4 R
ÿ I/O status block (IOSB) á » ê & w ° ÿ A data structure that a caller supplies as a parameter to an I/O service. The I/O manager records the final status of the operation in the I/O status block when processing is complete. 1 + = 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿp ÿÿÿÿ= ¥ - j ' R
ÿ IRP ; = ¥ % , ° ÿ I/O Request Packet. 1 j Ö 1 u ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿq ÿÿÿÿÖ < ¥ ' * R
ÿ IRP stack location Ö Ö 2 2 ° âÒé'
ÿ A data area in an I/O request packet that contains information a particular driver needs to perform its part of an I/O request. Each driver that works on the request has a separate stack location in the IRP. 1 K 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿr ÿÿÿÿK ¹ . y ' R
ÿ IRQL @ K ¹ % 6 ° ÿ Interrupt Request Level. 1 y ê 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿs ÿÿÿÿê Y - ¹ ' R
ÿ ISR B ê Y % : ° ÿ Interrupt Service Routine. 1 1 ¢ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿt ÿÿÿÿ û - Y · ' R
ÿ ISV D û % > ° ÿ Independent Software Vendors 1 · , 1 § ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿu ÿÿÿÿ, ¢ 0 û \ ' R
ÿ kernel F , ¢ 1 2* ° â"öú
ÿ See NT kernel . 1 \ Ó 1 B ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿv ÿÿÿÿÓ ä 5 ¢ ' R
ÿ kernel mode Ü ª Ó ä 2 2U ° â¶ÃnL
ÿ The privileged processor mode in which Windows NT system code runs. A thread running in kernel mode has access to system memory and to hardware. Compare user mode . 1 1 T ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿw ÿÿÿÿ 8 7 ä L ' R
ÿ kernel object ì ¢ 8 J bE ° â©ÚÆ
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ÿ A runtime instance of a kernel-defined abstract data type. The kernel defines special semantics for the behavior of kernel objects and implements kernel routines that the Windows NT executive can call to manipulate kernel objects. Kernel objects fall into one of two categories: control objects and dispatcher objects . Both types of kernel objects are used as a basis for Windows NT executive objects . 1 L i 1 u ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿx ÿÿÿÿi ? 8 ¨ ' 0 R
ÿ kernel process object Ó i 2 2§ ° â©ÚÆ
ÿ The kernel's representation of a process. It is a control object that contains the information necessary to load the process's address space and to keep track of process resources and default attributes. 1 ¨ Þ 1 C ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿy ÿÿÿÿÞ ð
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ÿ kernel thread object Ô ¢ Þ ð
2 2E ° âúÜ¢
ÿ The kernel's representation of a thread. It is a dispatcher object that contains the elemental information necessary to dispatch the thread for execution. 1
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ÿ key object ² u ! = Jê ° â]i
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ÿ An executive object that represents system configuration information stored in the configuration registry . 1 U 8 1 4 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ{ ÿÿÿÿ8 NA B z ' 6 R
ÿ layered operating system È 8 NA 2 2- ° âã%Y?
ÿ A structuring approach that divides the operating system into modules and layers z NA them one on top of the other. Each module provides a set of functions that other modules can call. Code in any particular layer calls code only in lower layers. On some systems, such as VAX/VMS or the old Multics operating system, hardware even enforces the layering (using multiple, hierarchical processor modes). 1 z A 1 ¦ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ| ÿÿÿÿA ôC D NA ÃA ' : R
ÿ lazy evaluation algorithms 1 Û A ôC V z· ° âÉÂ
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ÿ A general category of algorithms that avoid performing an expensive operation until it is required. If the operation is never required, no processing time is wasted. The Windows NT virtual memory (VM) manager uses lazy evaluation algorithms to improve memory performance. Demand paging, copy-on-write page protection, and reserving and committing memory separately are examples. See also committed memory , copy-on-write , demand paging , and reserved memory . 1 ÃA %D 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ} ÿÿÿÿ%D E . ôC SD ' R
ÿ link ? %D E & 3 ° ÿ To insert a copy of information from a source document into a destination, or container, document while maintaining a connection between the two documents. When the information changes in the source document, the changes are reflected in the destination, or container, document. 1 SD ÃE 1 { ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ~ ÿÿÿÿÃE
G 0 E óE ' R
ÿ locale ô ÃE
G & é ° ÿ The national and/or cultural environment in which a system or a program is running. The locale determines the language used for messages and menus, the sorting order of strings, the keyboard layout, and date and time formatting conventions. 1 óE >G 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ>G ºH M &
G G ' L R
ÿ local procedure call (LPC) facility / ý >G ºH 2 2û ° âP8Ø
ÿ Passes messages between a client process and a server process on the same computer. LPC is a flexible, optimized version of remote procedure call (RPC) , an industry-standard communication facility for client and server processes across a network. 1 G ëH 1 ø ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿëH ²J B ºH -I ' 6 R
ÿ local replacement policy G ëH ²J > J ° âçÆ`
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ÿ A page replacement algorithm that allocates a fixed number of page frames to each process. When a process exceeds its allotment, the virtual memory (VM) manager begins transferring pages in the process's working set to disk to free space for additional page faults the process generates. See also replacement policy . 1 -I ãJ 1 ^ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿãJ L 7 ²J K ' R
ÿ logon process ö Ð ãJ L & ¡ ° ÿ A Windows NT process whose threads detect a user's attempt to log onto the operating system. It verifies the user's logon information with the security system before granting the user access to the system. 1 K AL 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿAL ªL - L nL ' R
ÿ LPC < AL ªL % . ° ÿ Local Procedure Call 1 nL ÛL 1 £ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÛL MM . ªL M ' R
ÿ MIBs D ÛL MM % > ° ÿ Management Information Bases 1 M ~M 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ~M NO B MM ÀM ' 6 R
ÿ mandatory access control \ ~M NO 2 2¹ ° âH
ÿ Protection assigned to an object by a system administrator. Mandatory access controls typically label objects with a level, such as "Secret" or "Top Secret." Users wanting to access the objects must be cleared at the appropriate level. Mandatory access control supersedes any discretionary access controls that an owner applies to an object. 1 ÀM O 1 ½ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿO - NO ¬O ' R
ÿ map _ : O % t ° ÿ To translate a virtual address into a physical¬O NO address. 1 ¬O H 1 @ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿH W 5 } ' R
ÿ mapped file Ú H W J b! ° âÂ/5à
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ÿ A file that is loaded into a section object in memory. By mapping views of the section into its address space, a process can access the file as a large array stored in virtual memory (VM) . The virtual memory (VM) manager automatically pages to and from the file, loading pages from disk when they are used and writing pages to disk when they are modified. See also map and paging file . 1 } 1 " ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ y 9 W Á ' $ R
ÿ mapped file I/O ¸ { y = Jö ° âÂ/5à
âsr
ÿ File I/O performed by reading and writing to virtual memory (VM) that is backed by a file. See also mapped file . 1 Á ª 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿª 1
y Û ' R
ÿ marshal ¹ ª 2 2 ° âP8Ø
ÿ To order and package procedure parameters in a particular format for sending across the network. See also remote procedure call . 1 Û Å 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÅ < ' * R
ÿ masking interrupts j Å 1 2Ô ° âhwï
ÿ Raising a processor's interrupt request level (IRQL) to block interrupts at and below the new IRQL. 1 Í 1 Å ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÍ a =
' , R
ÿ master/slave system W & Í a 1 2L ° âFP5
ÿ See asymmetric multiprocessing . 1
1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ ê 7 a É ' R
ÿ master domain ! û ê & ÷ ° ÿ A Windows NT Advanced Server domain controller designated as a principle domain that contains the user accounts database. All other domains on the network have trust relationships with the master domain. You can also have multiple master domains. 1 É 1 ò ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ Ü ; ê V ' ( R
ÿ messenger service U Ü 1 2ª ° âZâÌ
ÿ A network service that receives messages from other systems and displays them. 1 V
1 # ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ
ÿ 0 Ü = ' R
ÿ method Â
ÿ 2 2! ° âÍÜEÚ
ÿ A function associated with an object type that the object manager calls automatically at well-defined points during an object's lifetime. 1 = 0 1 ® ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ0 . ÿ ^ ' R
ÿ MIDL O * 0 % T ° ÿ Microsoft Interface Definition Language 1 ^ Þ 1 b ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÞ 7 ' R
ÿ MIDL compiler ú ¼ Þ > Jy ° âP8Ø
â±
ÿ A compiler that takes files written in Microsoft interface definition language and produces stub routines for use in remote procedure call applications. See also stub procedure . 1 @ 1 P ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ@ _ / o ' R
ÿ model ð Ê @ _ & ° ÿ A tentative description of a system or theory that accounts for all its known properties; a broad framework that unifies the many features and services the system provides, and the tasks it performs. 1 o 1 3 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ > _ Î ' . R
ÿ modified page writer Ä & = ° ÿ A thread in the virtual memory (VM) manager that asynchronously writes modified virtual pages to disk, thus increasing the number of available page frames. 1 Î Ã 1 H ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÃ À A ' 4 R
ÿ monolithic applications Ö ¤ Ã À 2 2I ° â é
ÿ Applications that come pre-packaged with a wide range of features, most of which can't be removed or replaced with alternatives. Compare component software . À 1 =À 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ=À ªÀ - À jÀ ' R
ÿ MPR @ =À ªÀ % 6 ° ÿ Multiple Provider Router 1 jÀ ÛÀ 1 u ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÛÀ  H ! ªÀ #Á ' B R
ÿ multiple provider router (MPR) ü Ö ÛÀ  & ° ÿ A dynamic-link library (DLL) that determines which network (and thus which file system) to access when an application uses the Win32 WNet application programming interface (API) for browsing remote file systems. 1 #Á P 1 Q ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿP pà E   ' < R
ÿ multiple UNC provider (MUP) Û µ P pà & k ° ÿ A driver that determines which network (and thus which file system) to access when an application uses the Win32 I/O application programming interface (API) to open remote files. 1  ¡Ã 1 µ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ¡Ã %Å 9 pà Úà ' $ R
ÿ multiprocessing K ¡Ã %Å 2 23 ° â·ý\j
ÿ An operating system's simultaneous execution of two or more threads on different processors. Only multiprocessing operating systems can exploit the extra processors in a multiprocessor computer. As a general rule, multiprocessing operating systems also perform multitasking . 1 ÚÃ VÅ 1 ´ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿVÅ ÙÅ : %Å Å ' & R
ÿ multiprogramming I VÅ ÙÅ 1 20 ° â·ý\j
ÿ See multitasking . 1 Å
Æ 1 s ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ
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ÿ multitasking Î
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ÿ A processor's execution of more than one thread by context switching from one to the other, providing the illusion that all threads are executing simultaneously. See also preemptive multitasking . 1 @Æ }Ç 1 x ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ}Ç ÄÈ 8 LÇ µÇ ' " R
ÿ multithreading Ý }Ç ÄÈ 2 2» ° â·ý\j
ÿ The capability of an application to execute in two or more locations using multiple threads. The term is sometimes used inter- changeably with multitasking in reference to an operating system that supports threads. 1 µÇ õÈ 1 · ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿõÈ {É - ÄÈ "É ' R
ÿ MUP Y 4 õÈ {É % h ° ÿ Multiple Uniform naming convention (UNC) Provider 1 "É ¬É 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ¬É Ë : {É æÉ ' & R
ÿ mutual exclusion ê ¬É Ë 2 2Õ ° âc|!
ÿ Allowing only one thread at a time to access a resource. Mutual exclusion is necessary when a system resource does not lend itself to shared access or when sharing might produce unpredictable results. See also critical section . 1 æÉ 3Ë 1 ý ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ3Ë ÿË 4
Ë gË ' R
ÿ named pipe s 3Ë ÿË % æ ° ÿ An interprocess communication mechanism that allows one process to send data to another local or remote process. 1 gË 0Ì 1 ´ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ0Ì ³Í 8 ÿË hÌ ' " R
ÿ name retention K 0Ì ³Í 2 23 ° â3d/
ÿ The procedure by which the object manager keeps an object's name in its namespace. When the last handle to the object is closed, the object manager deletes the object's name from its namespace, preventing subsequent open operations on that object. See also object retention . 1 hÌ äÍ 1 - ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿäÍ àÎ I " ³Í -Î ' D R
ÿ national language support (NLS) ³ äÍ àÎ 2 2 ° â!±FX
ÿ An application programming interface (API) that gives applications access to locale-specific information. See also locale . 1 -Î Ï 1 > ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÏ * 9 àÎ JÏ ' $ R
ÿ native services Ô ® Ï * & ] ° ÿ System services that the Windows NT executive makes available to user mode for use by environment subsystems, dynamic-link libraries (DLLs), anJÏ * àÎ d other system applications. 1 JÏ [ 1 ® ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ[ Ø . * ' R
ÿ NDIS O * [ Ø % T ° ÿ Network Driver Interface Specification. 1 1 Q ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¡ ÿÿÿÿ ) ; Ø D ' ( R
ÿ NetBEUI transport å § ) > JO ° â
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ÿ NetBIOS (Network Basic Input/Output System) Extended User Interface. Windows NT's primary local area network transport protocol . See also NetBIOS interface . 1 D Z 1 ( ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¢ ÿÿÿÿZ Q ; ) ' ( R
ÿ NetBIOS interface ¼ Z Q & - ° ÿ A programming interface that allows I/O requests to be sent to and received from a remote computer. It hides networking hardware from applications. 1 1 ® ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ£ ÿÿÿÿ ÿ 8 Q º ' " R
ÿ network domain E ÿ > J ° âà¡ Z
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ÿ A set of workstations and servers that share a security accounts manager (SAM) database and can be administered as a group. A user with an account in a particular network domain can log onto and access his or her account from any system in the domain. 1 º 0 1 ë ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¤ ÿÿÿÿ0 ê W 0 ÿ ' ` R
ÿ network driver interface specification (NDIS) c = 0 ê & { ° ÿ A Windows NT interface for network card drivers. It provides transport independence for network card vendors because all transport drivers call the NDIS interface to access network cards. Network drivers written to the NDIS interface (NDIS drivers) will be portable to the MS-DOS virtual device driver environment. 1 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¥ ÿÿÿÿ q < ê W ' * R
ÿ network redirector è q 2 2Ñ ° â¥,Xç
ÿ Networking software that accepts I/O requests for remote files, named pipes, or mailslots and sends ("redirects") them to a network server on another machine. Redirectors are implemented as file system drivers in Windows NT. 1 W ¢ 1 h ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¦ ÿÿÿÿ¢ Ù 8 q Ú ' " R
ÿ network server ÿ Í ¢ Ù 2 2 ° âeÖ¿À
ÿ Network software that responds to I/O or compute requests from a client machine. Windows NT network servers can be implemented either as server processes or as drivers. See also protected subsystem . 1 Ú
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ÿ nonpaged pool U ª
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ÿ The portion of system memory that cannot be paged to disk. Compare paged pool . 1 á
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ÿ nonprivileged processor mode F $ 1 2* ° â¶ÃnL
ÿ See user mode . 1 Þ U 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿª ÿÿÿÿU ª
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ÿ nonsignaled state Ü U ª
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ÿ An attribute of every object whose object type supports synchronization . A thread waiting on an object that is in the nonsignaled state continues to wait until the kernel sets the object to the signaled state . 1 Û
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ÿ NOS ò Û
,A & å ° ÿ The Banyan VINES Networking Operating System (NOS) line. VINES NOS is a fully featured, pre-configured enterprise-wide network operating system designed for large-scale, complex networks that support numerous users at many sites. VINES NOS provides Banyan's basic suite of network services--Directory, Network and System Management, Security, and Messaging. These distributed services interoperate across any size environment to create a single, integrated system ,A ª
. As a result, users never have to worry about where resources are located and administrators never have to update multiple services or servers when users and resources are relocated, added or removed from the network. It's all done automatically by these cooperative network services. 1 ]A 1 o ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¬ ÿÿÿÿ]A A > ,A A ) "* °
ÿ NT New Technology 1 ]A ÌA 1 * ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÌA ÅC > A
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ÿ Windows NT executive » } ÌA ÅC > Jû ° âÄÕª
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ÿ The portion of the Windows NT operating system that runs in kernel mode . It provides process structure, interprocess communication, memory management, object management, thread scheduling, interrupt processing, I/O capabilities, networking, and object security. Application programming interfaces (APIs) and other features are provided in user-mode protected subsystems . 1
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ÿ NT file system (NTFS) s M öC ¨E & ° ÿ An advanced file system designed for use specifically with the Windows NT operating system. It supports file system recovery, extremely large storage media, and various features for the POSIX subsystem. It also supports object-oriented applications by treating all files as objects with user-defined and system-defined attributes. 1 5D ÙE 1 ã ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¯ ÿÿÿÿÙE G ? ¨E F ' 0 R
ÿ NT file system (NTFS) s M ÙE G & ° ÿ An advanced file system designed for use specifically with the Windows NT operating system. It supports file system recovery, extremely large storage media, and various features for the POSIX subsystem. It also supports object-oriented applications by treating all files as objects with user-defined and system-defined attributes. 1 F ¼G 1 ² ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ° ÿÿÿÿ¼G =I 3 G ïG ' R
ÿ NT kernel N ¼G =I 2 29 ° â]Ô5
ÿ The component of the Windows NT executive that manages the processor. It performs thread scheduling and dispatching, interrupt and exception handling, multiprocessor synchronization , and provides primitive objects that the Windows NT executive uses to create user-mode objects. 1 ïG nI 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ± ÿÿÿÿnI NK 0 =I I ' R
ÿ object ° r nI NK > Jå ° âÍÜEÚ
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ÿ A single runtime instance of a Windows NT-defined object type . The physical format of the object's data structure is hidden behind a type definition. It contains data that can be manipulated only by using a set of services provided for objects of its type. It embodies a set of formal properties (called attributes ) and is manipulated by a set of services. 1 I K 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ² ÿÿÿÿK cL : NK ¹K ' & R
ÿ object attribute ª K cL & ° ÿ A field of data in an object that defines or records the object's state and that can be manipulated by calling an object service. 1 ¹K L 1 ¯ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ³ ÿÿÿÿL M 6 cL ÊL ' R
ÿ object class H L M 1 2. ° âÍÜEÚ
ÿ See object type . 1 ÊL CM 1 P ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ´ ÿÿÿÿCM bN A M M ' 4 R
ÿ object directory object Þ ¸ CM bN & q ° ÿ An object that stores the names of other objects, much as a file directory stores filenames. It provides the means to support a hierarchical naming structure for Windows NT objects. 1 M N 1 S ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿµ ÿÿÿÿN µO 7 bN ÊN ' R
ÿ object domain ë Å N µO & ° ÿ A self-contained set of objects that is accessible through the Windows NT object manager's object name hierarchy but is managed by a secondary object manager (such as the Windows NT I/O system). 1 ÊN 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¶ ÿÿÿÿ õ µO µO 7 µO C ' R
ÿ object handle ² õ 2 2 ° âË©
ÿ An index into a process-specific object table. It is used to refer to an opened object and incorporates a set of access rights granted to the process that owns the handle. It also contains an inheritance designation that determines whether the handle is inherited by child processes. Programs use handles to refer to objects when calling object services. See also object table . 1 C & 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ· ÿÿÿÿ&
8 õ ^ ' " R
ÿ object manager ¬ &
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° ÿ The component of the Windows NT executive that creates, deletes, and names operating system resources, which are stored as objects. 1 ^ ; 1 ² ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¸ ÿÿÿÿ; ¼ 6
q ' R
ÿ object model K ; ¼ 2 23 ° âÊ¢òo
ÿ A model for structuring programs around the data they manipulate. The format of data structures is hidden inside objects , and programs must use specially defined services to manipulate object data. The primary goal of the object model is to maximize the reusability of code. 1 q í 1 m ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¹ ÿÿÿÿí ) : ¼ ' ' & R
ÿ object retention Ð í ) 2 2¡ ° âûfÏÛ
ÿ The procedure by which the object manager keeps an object in memory. When the last reference to an object is removed, the object manager deletes a temporary object from memory. See also name retention . 1 ' Z 1 R ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿº ÿÿÿÿZ { 8 ) ' " R
ÿ object service é Ã Z { & ° ÿ A user-mode-visible system service for manipulating an object. In Windows NT, an object service generally reads or changes an object's attributes and is used primarily by protected subsystems. 1 ¬ 1 % ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ» ÿÿÿÿ¬ 6 { â ' R
ÿ object table ¾ ¬ 2 2 ° â³G
ÿ A process-specific data structure that contains handles to all the objects the process's threads have opened. See also object handle . 1 â Ñ 1 U ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¼ ÿÿÿÿÑ õ 5 ' R
ÿ object type ï ± Ñ õ > Jc ° â}À¡
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ÿ An abstract data type, a set of services that operate on instances of the data type, and a set of object attributes . An object type is defined by using a type object . 1 & 1 Ü ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ½ ÿÿÿÿ& Ñ 1
õ W ' R
ÿ ODINSUP z U & Ñ % ª ° ÿ A conversion program that allows NDIS protocols to run one card using ODI drivers. 1 W 1 ¡ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¾ ÿÿÿÿ r - Ñ / ' R
ÿ OOP C r % < ° ÿ Object-Oriented Programming 1 / £ 1 ¿ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¿ ÿÿÿÿ£ 1 \ 5 r ÿ ' j R
ÿ Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) reference model 2 £ 1 & ° ÿ A software model defined by the International Standards Organization that standardizes levels of service and types of interaction for networked computers. The OSI reference model defines seven layers of computer communication and what each layer is responsible for. 1 ÿ b 1 I ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÀ ÿÿÿÿb z : 1 ' & R
ÿ operating system Þ ¸ b z & q ° ÿ A computer program that provides an environment in which other computer programs can run, allowing them to easily take advantage of the processor and of I/O devices such as disks. 1 « 1 ¢ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÁ ÿÿÿÿ« - z Ø ' R
ÿ OSI D « % > ° ÿ Open Systems Interconnection 1 Ø M 1 d ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÂ ÿÿÿÿM qÀ . { ' R
ÿ page ê ¬ M qÀ > JY ° âË ~x
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ÿ Blocks of contiguous virtual addresses that the virtual memory (VM) ma{ qÀ nager copies from memory to disk and back during its paging operation. See also page frame . 1 { ¢À 1 ë ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿà ÿÿÿÿ¢À \Á 4
qÀ ÖÀ ' R
ÿ paged pool U ¢À \Á 1 2ª ° â9§
ÿ The portion of system memory that can be paged to disk. Compare nonpaged pool . 1 ÖÀ Á 1 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÄ ÿÿÿÿÁ Â 4
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ÿ page fault Ì Á  > J ° âÀ¨âZ
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ÿ A processor trap that occurs when an executing thread refers to a virtual address that resides on an invalid page . See also paging . 1 ÁÁ ¾Â 1 ¤ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÅ ÿÿÿÿ¾Â 1Ä 4
 ò ' R
ÿ page frame ? ¾Â 1Ä > J ° âölÃ
âË ~x
ÿ A block of contiguous physical addresses used to store the contents of a virtual page. Page frame size (and often page size) are dictated by the processor. On most systems, the page size and page frame size are the same. See also page and paging . 1 òÂ bÄ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÆ ÿÿÿÿbÄ CÅ = 1Ä Ä ' , R
ÿ page frame database ¤ s bÄ CÅ 1 2æ ° âÞãZÉ
ÿ A data structure that the virtual memory (VM) manager uses to record the status of all physical page frames . 1 Ä tÅ 1 ê ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÇ ÿÿÿÿtÅ -Æ / CÅ £Å ' R
ÿ pager Y tÅ -Æ 1 2² ° âË ~x
ÿ A component of the virtual memory (VM) manager that performs the paging operation. 1 £Å ^Æ 1 ¨ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÈ ÿÿÿÿ^Æ ÕÇ 4
-Æ Æ ' R
ÿ page table C ù ^Æ ÕÇ J bó ° â× Ì
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ÿ A process-specific table that the virtual memory (VM) manager uses to map virtual addresses to physical memory addresses or to disk locations. A page table is made up of page table entries (PTEs). See also page table entry and paging . 1 Æ È 1 É ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÉ ÿÿÿÿÈ É @ ÕÇ FÈ ' 2 R
ÿ page table entry (PTE) X È É J b ° âÂ/5à
âÀ¨âZ
â× Ì
ÿ An entry in a process's page table. It contains the information necessary for the virtual memory (VM) system to locate a page when a thread uses an invalid address. The size and format of PTEs are processor dependent. See also invalid page and page table . 1 FÈ ÏÉ 1 9 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÊ ÿÿÿÿÏÉ ×Ë 0 É ÿÉ ' R
ÿ paging Ø ÏÉ ×Ë Y ÿ ° âÂ/5à
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ÿ A virtual memory (VM) operation in which memory management software transfers pages from memory to disk when physical memory becomes full. When a thread accesses a page that is not in memory, a page fault occurs and the memory manager uses page tables to locate the required page on disk and load it into memory. See also invalid page , page fault , and page table . 1 ÿÉ Ì 1 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿË ÿÿÿÿÌ Í 5 ×Ë =Ì ' R
ÿ paging file Ë Ì Í > J ° âÛ%Å
âsr
ÿ A system file containing the contents of virtual pages that have been paged out of memory. See also backing store and mapped file . 1 =Ì 9Í 1 / ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÌ ÿÿÿÿ9Í 7Î 8 Í qÍ ' " R
ÿ parent process Æ 9Í 7Î 2 2) ° â3ª%3
ÿ A process that has created another process, called a child process . The child process inherits some or all of the parent process's resources. 1 qÍ hÎ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÍ ÿÿÿÿhÎ L : 7Î ¢Î ' & R
ÿ placement policy ` hÎ L > JÁ ° âÂ/5à
âsÔFÉ
ÿ The algorithm a virtual memory (VM) system uses to decide where in physical memory to put data it is paging in from disk. The Windows NT virtual memory (VM) manager uses a series of first in, first out (FIFO) page lists to keep track of free pages and to retrieve a free page when lo¢Î L 7Î ading information from the disk after a page fault occurs. 1 ¢Î } 1 S ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÎ ÿÿÿÿ} . L « ' R
ÿ port ô ¶ } > Jm ° âeÖ¿À
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ÿ A communication channel through which a client process communicates with a protected subsystem . Ports are implemented as Windows NT objects. See also local procedure call . 1 « Ð 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÏ ÿÿÿÿÐ § / ÿ ' R
ÿ POSIX ¨ Ð § & ° ÿ Loosely defined as "a portable operating system interface based on UNIX," POSIX refers to a collection of international standards for UNIX-style operating system interfaces. The POSIX standard (IEEE Standard 1003.1-1988) encourages vendors implementing UNIX-style interfaces to make them compatible so that programmers can move their applications easily from one system to another. 1 ÿ Ø 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÐ ÿÿÿÿØ . = § ' , R
ÿ power notify object ó Ø . & ç ° ÿ A kernel object that allows device drivers to register a power recovery routine with the kernel. It is a control object that contains a pointer to a device driver routine, which the kernel calls when the power returns after a power failure. 1 _ 1 ¾ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÑ ÿÿÿÿ_ ì = . ' , R
ÿ power status object P * _ ì & U ° ÿ A kernel object that allows device drivers to determine whether the power has failed. It is a control object containing a Boolean variable that a device driver can test before proceeding with an uninterruptible operation. If the power has already failed, the driver does not start the operation. 1 1 ¡ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÒ ÿÿÿÿ . ì K ' R
ÿ PPTE B % : ° ÿ Prototype Page Table Entry 1 K ¾ 1 K ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÓ ÿÿÿÿ¾ Ø 1
ï ' R
ÿ preempt é · ¾ Ø 2 2o ° âµ~~C
ÿ To interrupt the execution of a thread when a higher-priority thread becomes ready to execute and to context-switch to the higher- priority thread. See preemptive multitasking . 1 ï 1 » ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÔ ÿÿÿÿ
A Ø J ' 4 R
ÿ preemptive multitasking I
> J ° â·ý\j
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ÿ A form of multitasking in which the operating system periodically interrupts the execution of a thread and executes other waiting threads. Preemption prevents a thread from monopolizing the processor and allows another thread to run. See also time quantum . 1 J Ä
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ÿ primary domain f Ä
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ÿ The network domain with which a particular user account is associated. See also network domain . 1 ü
Ä 1 ¼ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÖ ÿÿÿÿÄ O C ' 8 R
ÿ privileged processor mode H Ä O 1 2. ° âÄÕª
ÿ See kernel mode . 1 1 ã ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ× ÿÿÿÿ 2 1
O ± ' R
ÿ process O 2 2 2 ° âÉ1
ÿ A logical division of labor in an operating system. In Windows NT, it comprises a virtual address space, an executable program, one or more threads of execution, some portion of the user's resource quotas, and the system resources that the operating system has allocated to the process's threads. It is implemented as an object. 1 ± c 1 µ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿØ ÿÿÿÿc ç 9 2 ' $ R
ÿ process context K c ç 1 24 ° âÓì
ÿ See thread context . 1 1 C ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÙ ÿÿÿÿ 6@ 9 ç Q ' $ R
ÿ process manager Ù ³ 6@ & g ° ÿ Creates and terminates processes and threads. It also suspends and resumes the execution of threads and stores and retrieves informationQ 6@ ç about Windows NT processes and threads. 1 Q g@ 1 Õ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÚ ÿÿÿÿg@ A < 6@ £@ ' * R
ÿ processor affinity h 7 g@ A 1 2n ° âÉ1
ÿ The set of processors on which a thread can run. 1 £@ ÿ process tree ~ Y ÿ protected subsystem Ô !B pC > J© ° â Ê :
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ÿ A server process that performs operating system functions. Each Windows NT protected subsystem operates in user mode with a private address space. See also environment subsystem and integral subsystem . 1 ^B ¡C 1 M ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÝ ÿÿÿÿ¡C ½D 2 pC ÓC ' R
ÿ protocol ê Ä ¡C ½D & ° ÿ A set of rules and conventions by which two computers pass messages across a network medium. Networking software generally implements multiple levels of protocols layered one on top of another. 1 ÓC îD 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÞ ÿÿÿÿîD ÎE 8 ½D &E ' " R
ÿ protocol stack ¨ w îD ÎE 1 2î ° â
ÿ The collection and sequence of network protocols used to transmit a network request from one machine to another. 1 &E ÿE 1 p ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿß ÿÿÿÿÿE >G K $ ÎE JF ' H R
ÿ prototype page table entry (PPTE) ô ª ÿE >G J bU ° âX
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ÿ A data structure that looks similar to a normal page table entry (PTE) but points to a page frame shared by more than one process. See also section object . 1 JF oG 1 ú ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿà ÿÿÿÿoG 8H 2 >G ¡G ' R
ÿ provider f oG 8H 1 2Ì ° â¥,Xç
ÿ A generic name for software that establishes Windows NT as a client of a remote network server . 1 ¡G iH 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿá ÿÿÿÿiH ºI < 8H ¥H ' * R
ÿ provider interface ã iH ºI 2 2Ç ° âÕæF
ÿ A programming interface that allows network vendors to make their remote file systems available for browsing by applications using Windows' WNet application programming interface (API). See also multiple provider router . 1 ¥H ëI 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿâ ÿÿÿÿëI PJ - ºI J ' R
ÿ PTE 8 ëI PJ % & ° ÿ Page Table Entry 1 J J 1 ã ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿã ÿÿÿÿJ 3L 3 PJ ´J ' R
ÿ quick LPC 5 J 3L J bk ° â]Ô5
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ÿ A form of local procedure call (LPC) used by portions of the Win32 subsystem and its clients. Quick LPC increases the speed of passing a message by bypassing port objects, storing messages in shared memory, and using a built-in synchronization mechanism. See also local procedure call and port . 1 ´J dL 1 Ù ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿä ÿÿÿÿdL N / 3L L ' R
ÿ quota y S dL N & § ° ÿ A resource limit imposed on user accounts. The object manager charges a process some portion of the user's quota each time one of the process's threads creates or opens a handle to an object. When the quota is depleted, the user's processes can no longer create objects or open object handles until the processes release some resources. 1 L =N 1 Q ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿå ÿÿÿÿ=N ]O < N yN ' * R
ÿ raise an exception ä ¦ =N ]O > JM ° âᩧ
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ÿ To deliberately transfer control to an exception handler when an exception occurs. Software raises an exception when errors or unexpected conditions occur. 1 yN O 1 Å ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿæ ÿÿÿÿO R U . ]O ' \ R
ÿ RAID - Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks O ]O F O R ' ? ° ÿ A number of different partitions on different disks are combined to make one large logical drive. The partitions are used and arranged to allow multiple single points of failure in the array. This is known as "disk striping with parity" and is supported by Windows NT Advanced Server. 1 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿç ÿÿÿÿ è E R È ' < R
ÿ RAS - Remote Access Service í è 3 4Û ° ÿ Remote Access Service for the Microsoft ® Windows NT operating system enables users to participate fully as a network client from remote locations. With RAS, several functions can be performed transparently on remote workstations. 1 È 1 ~ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿè ÿÿÿÿ f 4
è M ' R
ÿ redirector ç f 2 2Ï ° â¥,Xç
ÿ Networking software that accepts I/O requests for remote files, named pipes, or mailslots and sends ("redirects") them to a network server on another machine. Redirectors are implemented as file system drivers in Windows NT. 1 M 1 Z ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿé ÿÿÿÿ À Q * f è ' T R
ÿ reduced instruction set computer (RISC) Ø ¦ À 2 2M ° â>ºÌ
ÿ A processor that employs a small number of simple instructions that are used in conjunction to perform more powerful operations. Because of the instructions' simplicity and their use of large numbers of registers, each generally takes only one clock cycle to execute, and the processor can run at higher clock speeds than can most complex instruction set computers (CISCs). Compare complex instruction set computer . 1 è ñ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿê ÿÿÿÿñ Â E À 6 ' < R
ÿ remote procedure call (RPC) Z ñ Â 2 2µ ° âNº
ÿ A message-passing facility that allows a distributed application to call services available on various machines in a network without regard to their locations. Remote network operations are handled automatically. RPC provides a procedural view, rather than a transport- centered view, of networked operations. Compare local procedure call . 1 6 ó 1 ¶ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿë ÿÿÿÿó x < Â / ' * R
ÿ replacement policy I ó x > J ° âÂ/5à
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ÿ The algorithm used by a virtual memory (VM) system to decide which virtual page must be removed from memory to make room for data being paged in from disk. Windows NT adopts a least-recently-used local replacement policy. See also local replacement policy . 1 / © 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿì ÿÿÿÿ© 9 x â ' $ R
ÿ reserved memory ¶ m © I bÚ ° âÂ/5à
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ÿ A set of virtual memory (VM) addresses that a thread has allocated. See also committed memory . 1 â É 1 ð ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿí ÿÿÿÿÉ 4
ý ' R
ÿ robustness f É % Ì ° ÿ The ability of a program to function well or to continue functioning well in unexpected situations. 1 ý ¹ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿî ÿÿÿÿ¹ # - æ ' R
ÿ RPC = ¹ # % 0 ° ÿ Remote Procedure Call 1 æ T 1 Q ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿï ÿÿÿÿT t J # # ' F R
ÿ RPC transport provider interface Ö ¤ T t 2 2I ° âP8Ø
ÿ A DLL that acts as an interface between the remote procedure call facility and network transport software. It allows RPCs to be sent over various transports. 1 ¥ 1 F ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿð ÿÿÿÿ¥ º 6 t Û ' R
ÿ SAM database ß ¥ º 2 2[ ° â"ÞZ
ÿ A database of security information that includes user account names and passwords. It is administered by the Windows User Manager. See also security accounts manager . < Û À 1 ù ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿñ ÿÿÿÿ À À scalability º À º a º À ) "Â °
ÿ scalability The ability to adjust an operating system to a broad range of hardware platforms. 1 À ÇÀ 1 Ç ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿò ÿÿÿÿÇÀ ]Á 0 À ÷À ' R
ÿ script f A ÇÀ ]Á % ° ÿ A system of characters used to write in one or more languages. 1 ÷À Á 1 R ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿó ÿÿÿÿÁ ¯Â 8 ]Á ÆÁ ' " R
ÿ section object é · Á ¯Â 2 2o ° âìíÊ
ÿ An object that represents memory potentially shared by two or more processes. A process can also create an unnamed section object that represents private memory. See also view . 1 ÆÁ à 1 R ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿô ÿÿÿÿàÂ Ä ? ¯Â à ' 0 R
ÿ secure logon facility â ¼ àÂ Ä & y ° ÿ Software in a secure operating system that monitors a particular class of logon devices to ensure that all users enter valid identification before they are allowed access to the system. 1 à 2Ä 1 W ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿõ ÿÿÿÿ2Ä XÅ I " Ä {Ä ' D R
ÿ security accounts manager (SAM) Ý 2Ä XÅ > J? ° âeÖ¿À
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ÿ A Windows NT protected subsystem that maintains the SAM database and provides an application programming interface (API) for accessing the database. 1 {Ä Å 1 ^ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿö ÿÿÿÿÅ ¶Æ = XÅ ÆÅ ' , R
ÿ security descriptor ð ² Å ¶Æ > Je ° âØRu
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ÿ A data structure attached to an object that protects the object from unauthorized access. It contains an access control list (ACL) and controls auditing on the object. 1 ÆÅ çÆ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ÷ ÿÿÿÿçÆ ?È 5 ¶Æ Ç ' R
ÿ security ID # ý çÆ ?È & û ° ÿ A name, unique across time and space, that identifies a logged-on user to the security system. Security IDs (SIDs) can identify either an individual user or a group of users. An individual security ID usually corresponds to a user's logon identifier. 1 Ç pÈ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿø ÿÿÿÿpÈ ËÉ D ?È ´È ' : R
ÿ security reference monitor å pÈ ËÉ 2 2Ë ° âØRu
ÿ A component of the Windows NT executive that compares the access token of a process to the access control list (ACL) of an object to determine whether the process's threads should be allowed to open a handle to the object. 1 ´È üÉ 1 % ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿù ÿÿÿÿüÉ ðÊ < ËÉ 8Ê ' * R
ÿ security subsystem ¸ üÉ ðÊ 2 2
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ÿ An integral subsystem that records the security policies in effect for the local computer and participates in logging on users. 1 8Ê !Ë 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿú ÿÿÿÿ!Ë Í 0 ðÊ QË ' R
ÿ server ° W !Ë Í Y ¯ ° â6 Õ
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ÿ A process with one or more threads that accept requests from client processes. It implements a set of services that it makes available to clients running either on the same computer or possibly on various computers in a distributed network. See also client , local procedure call , network server , and remote procedure call . 1 QË 2Í 1 S ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿû ÿÿÿÿ2Í TÏ M & Í Í ' L R
ÿ server message block (SMB) protocol Õ 2Í TÏ M h ° â¥,Xç
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ÿ A network protocol used originally in Microsoft Networks and subsequently adopted in PC networking software. It defines a specific format for packets of data to be transmitted across the network. The Windows NT redirector and built-in server use SMBs to communicate with each other and with computers on LAN Manager networks. See also network server , protocol , and redirector . 1 Í Ï 1 Y ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿü ÿÿÿÿ Ï 8 TÏ ½Ï ' " R
ÿ server service Å Ï > J ° âZâÌ
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ÿ A ne½Ï TÏ twork service that supplies a user-mode application programming interface (API) to manage the Windows NT network server . 1 ½Ï ¿ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿý ÿÿÿÿ¿ 1
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ÿ service & ¿ & ° ÿ A server process that performs a specific system function and often provides an application programming interface (API) for other processes to call. Windows NT services are RPC-enabled, meaning that their API routines can be called from remote machines. 1 ð G 1 g ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿþ ÿÿÿÿG } < ' * R
ÿ service controller ú È G } 2 2 ° âZâÌ
ÿ The networking component that loads and starts Windows NT services. It also loads and unloads many Windows NT drivers, including device drivers and network transport drivers. See also service . 1 ® 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ® - } Û ' R
ÿ SID 3 ® % ° ÿ Security ID 1 Û ? 1 õ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ? 8 w ' " R
ÿ signaled state B ? J b ° â]Ô5
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ÿ An attribute of every object whose object type supports synchronization . When the kernel sets an object to the signaled state, threads waiting on the object are released from their waiting states (according to a set of rules) and become eligible for execution. See also dispatcher object , nonsignaled state . 1 w 4 1 . ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ4 1 C w ' 8 R
ÿ single-byte coding scheme º 4 1 2 2 ° âb3c
ÿ A character encoding scheme (code set), such as Windows ANSI, that uses eight bits to represent each character. See also Unicode . 1 w b 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿb Ë - 1 ' R
ÿ SMB < b Ë % . ° ÿ Server Message Block 1 ü 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿü j - Ë ) ' R
ÿ SMP A ü j % 8 ° ÿ Symmetric MultiProcessing 1 ) 1 © ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ . j É ' R
ÿ SNMP J % % J ° ÿ Simple Network Management Protocol 1 É D 1 ï ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿD 3 w ' R
ÿ spin lock A D J b ° â]Ô5
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ÿ A synchronization mechanism used by the kernel and parts of the executive that guarantees mutually exclusive access to a global system data structure across multiple processors. A thread waiting to acquire a spin lock effectively stalls the processor until it gets the spin lock. See also mutual exclusion . 1 w 3 1 ö ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ3 ø 1
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ÿ STREAMS o 3 ø % Þ ° ÿ A driver-development environment that Windows NT supplies for creating or porting network transport drivers. 1 d ) 1 × ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ) Ï
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ÿ structured exception handling _ ! ) Ï
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ÿ A method for capturing unexpected conditions and responding to them consistently throughout the operating system. The operating system (or hardware) issues an exception when an abnormal system event occurs, and the kernel automatically transfers control to an exception handler . 1 p 1 P ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ +@ 8 Ï
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ÿ stub procedure ç +@ J b; ° âNº
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ÿ A procedure in a dynamic-link library (DLL) that serves as an entry point for an application programming interface (API). When a client application calls the API routine, the stub procedure marshals the API parameters it receives into a message and sends them to either a local server (subsystem) or a remote server on the network. See also local procedure call , marshal , a8 +@ Ï
nd remote procedure call . 1 8 \@ 1 â ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ\@
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ÿ symbolic link object s N \@
A % ° ÿ A Windows NT executive object that translates one object name into another. 1 @ >A 1 Ô ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ
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ÿ symmetric multiprocessing (SMP) Z >A áB > J9 ° â¥ZÒ
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ÿ A multiprocessing operating system that allows operating system code to run on any free processor in a multiprocessor computer. Symmetric multiprocessing systems generally provide better throughput and greater availability than do asymmetric multiprocessing (ASMP) systems. 1 A C 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿC tD 9 áB KC ' $ R
ÿ synchronization ) ß C tD J b¿ ° âÉ1
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ÿ The ability of one thread to pause during execution and wait until another thread performs an operation. In Windows NT, a thread waits for another thread to set a synchronization object to the signaled state . 1 KC ¥D 1 B ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ¥D ¶F A tD æD ' 4 R
ÿ synchronization objects Ð ¥D ¶F J b
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ÿ The collection of user-mode-visible Windows NT executive objects whose object types support synchronization . They include threads, processes, events, event pairs, semaphores, timers, mutants, and files. A thread can wait for a synchronization object to be set to the signaled state by another thread. Each synchronization object contains within it a kernel dispatcher object . 1 æD çF 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ
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ÿ synchronous ¶ çF ÒG 2 2 ° âÛ %
ÿ Occurring at a particular time as a direct result of the execution of a particular machine instruction. Compare asynchronous . 1 G H 1 Y ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿH +I 9 ÒG
ÿ A model for I/O in which an application issues an I/O request and the I/O system does not return control to the application until the I/O request completes. Compare asynchronous I/O . 1
ÿ Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol. Windows NT's primary wide area network transport protocol . It allows Windows NT to communicate with systems on TCP/IP networks and to participate in popular UNIX-based bulletin board, news, and electronic mail services. 1 I
K 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ
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ÿ TDI B
K yK % : ° ÿ Transport Driver Interface 1 7K ªK 1 ä ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿªK ]M = yK çK ' , R
ÿ termination handler v D ªK ]M 2 2 ° âᩧ
ÿ An exception handler that lets an application ensure that a particular block of code always executes, even if the code terminates in an unexpected way. Termination handlers often contain code that frees allocated resources so that if a procedure terminates unexpectedly, the resources are released back to the system. 1 çK M 1 Ô ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿM 1O 0 ]M ¾M ' R
ÿ thread s A M 1O 2 2 ° âÀâ¾Ó
ÿ An executable entity that belongs to one (and only one) process . It comprises a program counter, a user-mode stack, a kernel-mode stack, and a set of register values. All threads in a process have equal access to the process's address space, object handles, and other resources. Threads are implemented as objects. 1 ¾M bO 1 É ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿbO ¦ 8 1O O ' " R
ÿ thread context Î bO ¦ 2 2 ° â¥ûµ
ÿ The volatile data associated with the execution of O ¦ 1O a thread. It includes the contents of system registers and the virtual address space belonging to the thread's process. See also context switching . 1 O × 1 » ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ× a < ¦ ' * R
ÿ thread dispatching N × a 1 2: ° â¥ûµ
ÿ See context switching . 1 1 Í ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ . 7 a É ' R
ÿ thread object e 4 . 1 2h ° âÉ1
ÿ The implementation of a thread in Windows NT. 1 É _ 1 ± ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ_ ß = . ' , R
ÿ thread of execution C _ ß 1 2$ ° âÉ1
ÿ See thread . 1 1 P ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ / ; ß K ' ( R
ÿ thread scheduling ä ² / 2 2e ° âÊ^
ÿ The process of examining the queue of threads that are ready to execute and selecting one to run next. This task is performed by the Windows NT kernel's dispatcher module. 1 K ` 1 V ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ` 2 / ' R
ÿ thunking ó Í ` & ° ÿ The process of converting a 16-bit API call into a 32-bit call (or vice versa). Thunking is required on systems with both 16- and 32-bit components. Thunks add system overhead and degrade performance. 1 ¶ 1 = ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ¶ Â @ ö ' 2 R
ÿ tightly coupled system Ì ¦ ¶ Â & M ° ÿ A multiprocessor computer in which all processors share global memory. The operating system must synchronize its access to data structures stored in global memory. 1 ö ó 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿó Ü 6 Â ) ' R
ÿ time quantum ³ ó Ü 2 2 ° âDÞ·Ñ
ÿ A preset amount of time that an operating system kernel allows a thread to execute before preempting it. See also preempt . 1 )
1 ¢ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ
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ÿ TLB D
~ % > ° ÿ Translation Lookaside Buffer 1 : ¯ 1 ° ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ¯ . 6 ~ å ' R
ÿ token object I ¯ . 1 20 ° â;ùV
ÿ See access token . 1 å _ 1 Ã ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ_ ñ 2 . ' R
ÿ topology ` ; _ ñ % v ° ÿ The physical configuration of the machines in a network. 1 " 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ" x L % ñ n ' J R
ÿ translation lookaside buffer (TLB)
ä " x & É ° ÿ An array of memory containing the virtual-to-physical address mappings of the pages most recently used systemwide. Both MIPS processors and Intel processors have TLBs, but their structure and operation are hardware dependent. 1 n © 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ© J # x ó ' F R
ÿ transport driver interface (TDI) î © & Ý ° ÿ A Windows NT interface for network redirectors and servers to use in sending network-bound requests to transport drivers. The interface provides transport independence for these components by abstracting transport-specific information. 1 ó 8 1 a ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ8 h . f ' R
ÿ trap Ð 8 h 2 2¡ ° â=Â
ÿ A processor's mechanism for capturing an executing thread when an unusual event (such as an exception or interrupt) occurs and transferring control to a fixed location in memory. See also trap handler . 1 f 1 ¦ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ! ÿÿÿÿ À 4
h Í ' R
ÿ trap frame A À 2 2 ° â=Â
ÿ A data structure that the kernel's trap handler creates when an interrupt or exception occurs. It records the state of the processor, which allows the kernel to continue executing the thread that was interrupted after handling the condition. See also traÍ À h p handler . 1 Í KÀ 1 Y ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ" ÿÿÿÿKÀ sÁ 6 À À ' R
ÿ trap handler ò À KÀ sÁ 2 2 ° âÁÈ
ÿ A body of code that hardware invokes when an interrupt or exception occurs. It determines the type of condition that occurred and transfers control to a handling routine. See also trap . 1 À ¤Á 1 û ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ# ÿÿÿÿ¤Á n E sÁ éÁ ' < R
ÿ trusted domain relationship H ¤Á n = J ° â@
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ÿ A trust relationship that exists between two network domains . 1 éÁ  1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ$ ÿÿÿÿÂ
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ÿ trust relationship 2 ô Â
Ä > Jé ° â¥,Xç
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ÿ A security term meaning that one workstation or network server trusts a domain controller to authenticate a user logon on its behalf. One domain controller can also trust a domain controller in another domain to authenticate a logon. 1 ÛÂ >Ä 1 P ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ% ÿÿÿÿ>Ä ]Å 5
Ä sÄ ' R
ÿ type object ê ¸ >Ä ]Å 2 2q ° âÍÜEÚ
ÿ An internal system object that defines common attributes for a class of objects. Every object instance contains a pointer to its corresponding type object. See also object type . 1 sÄ Å 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ& ÿÿÿÿÅ üÅ - ]Å »Å ' R
ÿ UNC A Å üÅ % 8 ° ÿ Uniform Naming Convention 1 »Å -Æ 1
ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ' ÿÿÿÿ-Æ Ç 1
üÅ ^Æ ' R
ÿ Unicode « z -Æ Ç 1 2ô ° âP=
ÿ A fixed-width, 16-bit character encoding standard capable of representing all the world's scripts. See also script . 1 ^Æ :Ç 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ( ÿÿÿÿ:Ç )È O ( Ç Ç ' P R
ÿ uniform naming convention (UNC) names u :Ç )È + &ê ° ÿ Filenames or other resource names that begin with the string \\ , indicating that they exist on a remote machine. 1 Ç ZÈ 1 f ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ) ÿÿÿÿZÈ É L % )È ¦È ' J R
ÿ uninterruptible power supply (UPS) é à ZÈ É & ° ÿ A backup battery module attached to a computer that allows memory contents to remain intact long enough for the operating system to perform an orderly system shutdown if a power outage occurs. 1 ¦È ÀÉ 1 ¢ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ* ÿÿÿÿÀÉ 1Ê - É íÉ ' R
ÿ UPS D ÀÉ 1Ê % > ° ÿ Uninterruptible Power Supply 1 íÉ bÊ 1 O ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ+ ÿÿÿÿbÊ Ë 3 1Ê Ê ' R
ÿ user mode ë ¹ bÊ Ë 2 2s ° âÄÕª
ÿ The nonprivileged processor mode in which application code runs. A thread running in user mode can gain access to the system only by calling system services. Compare kernel mode . 1 Ê ±Ë 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ, ÿÿÿÿ±Ë Ì 4
Ë åË ' R
ÿ valid page ¬ o ±Ë Ì = JÞ ° âÀ¨âZ
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ÿ A virtual page that is in physical memory and immediately available. See also invalid page and page . 1 åË ÂÌ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ- ÿÿÿÿÂÌ *Í - Ì ïÌ ' R
ÿ VDM ; ÂÌ *Í % , ° ÿ Virtual DOS Machine 1 ïÌ [Í 1 b ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ. ÿÿÿÿ[Í Î . *Í Í ' R
ÿ view Å [Í Î > J ° âo!
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ÿ The portion of a section object that a process maps into its virtual address space. A process can map multiple, and even overlapping, views of a section. See also map and section object . 1 Í ½Î 1 Z ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ/ ÿÿÿÿ½Î ? Î üÎ ' 0 R
ÿ virtual address space ê ¸ ½Î 2 2q ° âÂ/5à
ÿ The set of addresses available for a process's threads to use. In Windows NT, every process has a unique virtual address space of 232 bytes (4 GB). See also virtual memory (VM) . üÎ Î 1 üÎ = 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ0 ÿÿÿÿ= 9 v ' $ R
ÿ virtual circuit © = & ° ÿ A virtual communication channel between two machines. Multiple network sessions are multiplexed across a single virtual circuit. 1 v P 1 v ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ1 ÿÿÿÿP C ' 8 R
ÿ virtual DOS machine (VDM) Ä P > J ° âeÖ¿À
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ÿ A protected subsystem that supplies a complete MS-DOS environment and a console in which to run an MS-DOS-based application. Any number of VDMs can run simultaneously. See also console . 1 Æ 1 j ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ2 ÿÿÿÿÆ ÿ 6 ü ' R
ÿ virtual file Ñ Æ ÿ 2 2£ ° âAfQJ
ÿ Any source or destination for I/O that is accessed like a file. In the Windows NT executive, all I/O is performed on virtual files, which are represented by file objects and accessed using file handles. 1 ü 0 1 ( ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ3 ÿÿÿÿ0 ' = ÿ m ' , R
ÿ virtual memory (VM) º 0 ' 2 2 ° â:eÈê
ÿ A logical view of memory that does not necessarily correspond to memory's physical structure. See also virtual memory management . 1 m X 1 > ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ4 ÿÿÿÿX e C ' ' 8 R
ÿ virtual memory management Ê X e J b ° âÂ/5à
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ÿ A memory management system that provides a large address space to each process by mapping the process's virtual addresses onto physical addresses as the process's threads use them. When physical memory becomes full, it swaps selected memory contents to disk, reloading them from disk on demand. Virtual memory management allows programmers to create and run programs that use more memory than is physically present on their computers. Because the placement of data in memory is controlled by the virtual memory (VM) system, each process's address space can be separated and protected from the others. See also map and paging . 1 1 õ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ5 ÿÿÿÿ Z E e Û ' < R
ÿ virtual memory (VM) manager N Z 1 2 ° âÂ/5à
ÿ The Windows NT executive component that implements virtual memory (VM) . 1 Û 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ6 ÿÿÿÿ í , Z · '
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ÿ VM 6 í % " ° ÿ Virtual Memory 1 ·
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ÿ Win32 API P *
¡ & U ° ÿ A 32-bit application programming interface for both MS-DOS/ Windows and Windows NT. It updates earlier versions of the Windows application programming interface (API) with sophisticated operating system capabilities, security, and API routines for displaying text-based applications in a window. 1 Q
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ÿ Windows NT ç µ Ò í
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ÿ The high-end Windows operating system in a family of Windows operating systems. Along with Pen Windows and 16-bit Windows, this system allows Windows-based applications to run on computers ranging from the smallest notebooks to large multiprocessor workstations and server machines. Windows NT also runs MS-DOS, POSIX, and OS/2 applications by employing user-mode servers called protected subsystems. See also protected subsystem . 1 1 j ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ9 ÿÿÿÿ W @ í
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ÿ Windows on Win32 (WOW) ù Ç W 2 2 ° âeÖ¿À
ÿ A protected subsystem that runs within a virtual DOS machine (VDM) process. It provides a 16-bit Windows environment capable of running any number of 16-bit Windows applications on Windows NT. 1 ^ 1 ê ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ: ÿÿÿÿ M@ 5 W ½ ' R
ÿ working set _ M@ % ¾ ° ÿ The set of virtual pages that½ M@ W are in physical memory at any moment for a particular process. 1 ½ ~@ 1 6 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ; ÿÿÿÿ~@ A = M@ »@ ' , R
ÿ workstation service È ~@ A > J ° âZâÌ
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ÿ A network service that supplies user-mode application programming interface (API) routines to manage the Windows NT redirector . 1 »@ ´A 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ< ÿÿÿÿ´A B - A áA ' R
ÿ WOW 8 ´A B % & ÿ Windows on Win32 1 áA JB 1 ¾ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ= ÿÿÿÿJB ×B + B uB ' R
ÿ X b = JB ×B % z ° ÿ There are no glossary entries beginning with the letter X. 1 uB C 1 ¾ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ> ÿÿÿÿC C + ×B 3C ' R
ÿ Y b = C C % z ° ÿ There are no glossary entries beginning with the letter Y. 1 3C ÆC 1 ¾ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ? ÿÿÿÿÆC SD + C ñC ' R
ÿ Z b = ÆC SD % z ° ÿ There are no glossary entries beginning with the letter Z. 1 ñC D 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ@ ÿÿÿÿD ØE 0 SD ´D ' R
ÿ Domain $ þ D ØE & ý ° ÿ A group of servers that share a common database of users and group accounts and security policy guidelines. You need to type in account information for a user only once for all the servers in the domain to recognize the account and allow access to it. F ´D F 1 e ÿÿÿÿ&6 A F \F J How to Use This Guide> ØE \F & 0 °° ÿ How to Use This Guide ¾ F G ' / ° ÿ This guide is intended to help you evaluate your advanced operating system needs, and to explain how Windows NT can fit into your enterprise goals. Ò ¬ \F ìH & Y ÿ To make this kit useful to the greatest number of people, we have included a large amount of information. Using the mouse, you can take a multilevel tour of the Windows NT operating system, extracting only the information that you want, whether it be a broad overview or a detailed technical analysis of a particular feature. We hope that this guide is a helpful tool for learning about Windows NT and how it can benefit you. # ý G J & û ° ÿ If at any time you want more information about green highlighted text, a click with the mouse will provide more detail. Also, be aware that charts and graphs often contain another layer of detail which can be accessed by clicking on specified areas. K ìH J 6 < ã ôåé0 ã^êbÐÿ How to Navigate through the Guide: Using Help Customizing this Guide Y ( J éJ 1 S 6 6 B éJ 4K VM How to Use the Information in this GuideK $ J 4K ' H à ÿ How to Navigate Through the Guide ¡ z éJ ÕL ' õ °° ÿ Your tour through the Windows NT Evaluation Guide can be general, detailed, or a combination of the two, depending on how you manipulate the information on the screen. Because everybody has different reading patterns, Help gives you several ways to navigate through the text: Click on one of the topics below or use the TAB button and press ENTER to see more information on: C 4K VM > L ©ã0 ⺲J8ã¿[ÐÕÿ Choosing Help Topics Icons and Graphics Using Help Buttons E ÕL M 1 ¦ &6 v7 C M ÙM Choosing Help Topics> VM ÙM ' . R ÿ Choosing Help Topics I " M "O ' E °° ÿ Help topics can include graphics and text that link to other Help topics or to more information about the current topic. These are called jumps. Jumps are usually colored green and underlined (unless the jump is a graphic). When you point to a jump, the pointer changes to a hand shape. ; ÙM ]O ' ( 1 ÿ To Choose a Jump x F "O ÕO 2 4 Rñ ð9
ÿ · Point to the text or graphic, and click with the mouse button. ± { ]O 6 <ö V°ñ ð9 ÕO VM
ÿ · Or press TAB to select the jump, and then press ENTER. You can press SHIFT+TAB to move backward and select a jump. & ÕO ¸ & ° ÿ If the jump you choose is linked to another topic, that topic appears in the Help window. Sometimes a jump is linked to information that appears in a pop-up window. Pop-up windows contain brief explanations of topics, glossary definitions, and examples. C û ' 8 1 ÿ To Close a Pop-Up Window f 6 ¸ a 0 0l V°ñ ð9 ÿ · Click anywhere on the screen, or press any key. O % û ° * $J á1 ÿ To Go Back to the Previous Screen n < a 2 4x Rñ ð9
ÿ · Click on the "Back" button at the top of your screen. C ° a 1 T ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿD ÿÿÿÿa r Icons and Graphics< ' * ÄR ÿ Icons and Graphics Õ ® a r ' ] °° ÿ Most of the icons in this guide have information underneath them (i.e. they are "hot"), which you can access by clicking on the icon itself. An example of a "hot" icon would be any icon in the main menu. Similarly, some of the diagrams and graphs in this guide have "hot" spots, which will yield details and explanations when you click on them. An example of this can be found within the topic called "Windows NT Architecture". C µ 1 a
6 7 E µ ñ -À Using Help Buttons< r ñ ' * R ÿ Using Help Buttons Ý µ õ ' » °° ÿ Help buttons are located along the top of the Help window and enable you to move around easily in Help. If a feature is not available, its button name is dimmed. Below is a list of the Help buttons and their functions: h ñ ] N #l4 ¼ ° ÿ °2 ÿÿÿ [Button] [Function] R õ ú K #f¤ ¼ ° ÿ °3 ÿÿÿ Contents Jumps to the main menu. Pressing the spacebar has the same effect. ö ª ] ð L #fU ¼ ° ÿ °3 ÿÿÿ Search Lists all the words you can use to search for topics in the Guide. By typing or selecting one of these words, you can search for and go to a specific topic. À u ú ° K #fê ¼ ° ÿ °3 ÿÿÿ Back Displays the last topic you viewed. You move back one topic at a time in the order you viewed the topics. ñ ¥ ð ¡ L #fK ¼ ° ÿ °3 ÿÿÿ History Displays the last 40 topics you have viewed in the Windows session. The most recent topic viewed is listed first. To revisit a topic, double-click it. C ° / K #f ¼ ° ÿ °3 ÿÿÿ Glossary A complete glossary of terms relating to Windows NT. ´ ¡ / L #fi ¼ ° ÿ °3 ÿÿÿ |<< Jumps to the top of the subject that you are currently viewing. This is helpful when you jump to another subject for reference and wish to return to your original subject Î / F I #` ¼ ° ÿ °3 ÿÿÿ >>| Recommended Next Subject. Recognizing that there is an extensive amount of material we included this function to suggest two to three subjects you may wish to view after completing a given subject. N ü / R #rù ¼ ° ÿ , °2 3 2 3 ÿÿÿ << or >> Browse Buttons . These buttons will jump to the next screen within a given subject. They facilitate the quick viewing of any subject. Note However, they do not include the popup descriptions or definitions that may exist in any subject. } 2 F K #fd ¼ ° ÿ °3 2 ÿÿÿ Spacebar Return to the main contents screen. C T ( 6 °1 ÿ To choose a Help button U & © / .L Rñ ð9 ÿ · Click the Help button you want. x B T -À 6 < V°ñ ð9
ÿ · Or type the letter that is © -À r underlined in the Help button. G © tÀ 1 Å v7 ÿÿÿÿF tÀ ³À G Customizing this Guide? -À ³À ' 0 R ÿ Customizing the Guide ð tÀ ÊÁ ' á °° ÿ While you are reading through the Guide, you may want to mark, copy, or print parts of it for future reference. To help you do this, Help provides tools for marking and copying within the Guide, so that you can customize it to your needs } 2 ³À G K fd ©â¬Í0 âÿ4 âóû§r0 â*ÿ Bookmarks Annotation Copying Printing : ÊÁ  1 ø ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿG ÿÿÿÿ ?Æ Bookmarks3 G ´Â ' ÄR ÿ Bookmarks b  ;à % Ä ° ÿ You can mark text in the Guide by placing "bookmarks" in front of subtopics that interest you. > ´Â yà ' . 1 ÿ To Place a Bookmark ä ;Ã Ä 0 .É Rñ ð9 ÿ · Choose "Bookmark" from the pull-down menu at the top of your screen, and select "Define". You will see the title of your selected subtopic highlighted in the dialogue box, along with a list of previously placed bookmarks. W ' yà äÄ 0 0N V°ñ ð9 ÿ · Choose OK to place the bookmark. } X Ä aÅ % ° ° ÿ To return to that subtopic, choose "Bookmark" and select it from the pull-down menu. ? äÄ Å ' 0 1 ÿ To Delete a Bookmark o aÅ ?Æ 0 0Þ Rñ ð9 ÿ · Choose "Bookmark", and then choose "Define". Select the bookmark you wish to remove, and click "Delete". ;
Å zÆ 1 ¦ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿH ÿÿÿÿzÆ åÉ Annotation4
?Æ ®Æ ' ÄR ÿ Annotation u P zÆ #Ç % ° ÿ You can add notes of your own to the Guide by using the "Annotate" function. > ®Æ aÇ ' . 1 ÿ To Annotate a Topic c #Ç óÇ / .Æ Rñ ð9 ÿ · Choose "Edit" from the pull-down menu at the top of your screen, and then choose "Annotate". m aÇ È 0 0Ú V°ñ ð9 ÿ · In the dialogue box, type in your note, and then click the "Save" button to put it into the help file. t óÇ )É % è ° ÿ A green paper clip will appear next to the first line of text. To view your notes, just click on the paper clip. B È kÉ ' 6 1 ÿ To Remove an Annotation z J )É åÉ 0 0 Rñ ð9 ÿ · Choose "Annotate" from the Edit menu, and click the delete button. 8 kÉ Ê 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿI ÿÿÿÿ Ê yÌ Copying1
åÉ NÊ ' ÄR ÿ Copying k F Ê ¹Ê % ° ÿ You can copy text out of the Guide and paste it into another file. @ NÊ ùÊ ' 2 1 ÿ To Copy Selected Text ê ¹ ¹Ê ãË 1 0s V°ñ ð9 ÿ · Choose Edit from the pull-down menu and select "Copy". A dialogue box will appear, with the text from that screen. Highlight the text to be copied and click on the "Copy" button. q ùÊ yÌ % â ° ÿ This will copy the selected text and place it on the clipboard, after which you can paste it into a new file. 9 ãË ²Ì 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿJ ÿÿÿÿ²Ì ùÎ Printing2 yÌ äÌ ' ÄR ÿ Printing ë ²Ì õÍ & × ° ÿ You can print any topic from this Guide. A topic prints on the default printer, but if you have installed more than one printer, you can make any of them the default printer. You can also change the options for the default printer. ; äÌ 0Î ' ( 1 ÿ To Print a Topic ¡ k õÍ ÑÎ 6 <Ö V°ñ ð9
ÿ · Go to the topic that you want to print, choose "File" from the pull-down menu, and select "Print " . ( 0Î ùÎ % ° ÿ f 5 ÑÎ _Ï 1 3 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿK _Ï ÉÏ ºÂ Microsoft Solution Providers - international coveragej F ùÎ ÉÏ $ ° ÿ Microsoft Solution Providers for Windows NT - International Support E _Ï % @ ° ÿ ACCELERATED COMPUÉÏ ùÎ TER TRAINING x S ÉÏ % ¦ ÿ 3255 WILSHIRE BLVD, SUITE 903 LOS ANGELES, CA 90010-1413 Telephone: 213-388-0551 G " Ù % D ° ÿ ACCOUNTING CONTROL TECHNOLOGIES y T R % ¨ ÿ 661 MIDDLE NECK RD, PO BOX 4020 GREAT NECK, NY 11023-1216 Telephone: 212-631-1052 ; Ù % , ° ÿ ADAPTIVE STRATEGIES \ R % ¸ ÿ 200 LAKE DR E STE 101, LAKE DR STE 206 CHERRY HILL, NJ 08002-1171 Telephone: 609-256-0329 H # V % F ° ÿ ADVANCED MEDICAL INFO TECH, INC. x S Î % ¦ ÿ 1891 N GAFFEY STREET, SUITE 230 SAN PEDRO, CA 90731-1270 Telephone: 310-521-0520 9 V % ( ° ÿ AGENA CORPORATION f A Î m % ÿ 9709 3RD AVE NE SEATTLE, WA 98115-2027 Telephone: 206-547-5228 4 ¡ % ° ÿ ALLERION INC m H m % ÿ 717 RIDGEDALE AVE EAST HANOVER, NJ 07936-3125 Telephone: 201-887-1000 3 ¡ A % ° ÿ ANDREW CORP g B ¨ % ÿ 19021 120 AVE NE BOTHELL, WA 98011-9505 Telephone: 206-485-8200 A A é % 8 ° ÿ APPLIED COMPUTER SERVICES m H ¨ V % ÿ 15511 S 70TH COURT ORLAND PARK, IL 60462-5105 Telephone: 708-614-4900 F ! é % B ° ÿ AT&T NCR FEDERAL SYSTEMS DIVIS k F V % ÿ 2301 RESEARCH BLVD ROCKVILLE, MD 20850-3204 Telephone: 301-258-4102 O * V % T ° ÿ AUTOMATION PARTNERS INTERNATIONAL, INC. m H à % ÿ 227 W MONROE, STE 3500 CHICAGO, IL 60606-5016 Telephone: 312-578-8900 6 V ù % " ° ÿ BASE ONE, INC. | W à u % ® ÿ 8220 STATE ROAD 84, SUITE 200 FORT LAUDERDALE, FL 33324-4625 Telephone: 305-472-4077 F ! ù » % B ° ÿ BUSINESS INFORMATION TECHNOLOG n I u ) % ÿ 1800 SUTTER ST, STE 770 CONCORD, CA 94520-2562 Telephone: 510-671-0595 N ) » w % R ° ÿ COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY FOR BUSINESS f A ) Ý % ÿ 24 WAMPUM RD PARK RIDGE, NJ 07656-2152 Telephone: 201-573-0682 K & w ( % L ° ÿ COMPUTER RESOURCES & TRAINING, INC. w R Ý % ¤ ÿ ONE PENN CENTER, SUITE 1690 PHILADELPHIA, PA 19103-1816 Telephone: 215-569-9100 ? ( Þ % 4 ° ÿ COMPUTER TASK GROUP INC c > A
% | ÿ 246 MARKET ST LOWELL, MA 01852-1849 Telephone: 508-934-8939 < Þ }
% . ° ÿ COMPUTER TRAINING CO m H A
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% ÿ 506 HILLSBORO DR SILVER SPRING, MD 20902-3131 Telephone: 301-593-2212 C }
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¡ % ÿ 70-15 AUSTIN STREET, FLOOR 3 FLUSHING, NY 11375-4722 Telephone: 718-793-7963 > - ß % 2 ° ÿ CORPORATE SOFTWARE INC ` ; ¡ ? % v ÿ 275 DAN RD CANTON, MA 02021-2826 Telephone: 617-821-4500 + ß j % ° ÿ CWC s N ? Ý % ÿ 1983 PREMIER DR, PO BOX 4459 MANKATO, MN 56002-4459 Telephone: 507-388-5000 ; j
% , ° ÿ DATA-TECH INSTITUTE g B Ý
% ÿ 429 GETTY AVENUE CLIFTON, NJ 07011-2123 Telephone: 201-478-2700 6
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e % $ ° ÿ DATAWIZ CENTERS z U . ß % ª ÿ 1500 FASHION ISLAND BLVD, STE 209 SAN MATEO, CA 94404-1556 Telephone: 415-571-1300 + e
% ° ÿ DGS d ? ß n % ~ ÿ 4 PINE W PLAZA ALBANY, NY 12205-5515 Telephone: 518-869-1305 E
³ % @ ° ÿ DIGITAL SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL h C n '@ % ÿ 6464 185TH AVE NE REDMOND, WA 98052-673³ '@ ùÎ 6 Telephone: 206-556-8084 S . ³ z@ % \ ° ÿ DISTRIBUTION ARCHITECTS INTERNATIONAL, INC. f A '@ à@ % ÿ 905 E WESTCHESTER TEMPE, AZ 85283-3000 Telephone: 602-897-9576 F ! z@ &A % B ° ÿ DIVERGENT TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED d ? à@ A % ~ ÿ 6425 PENNY RD RALEIGH, NC 27606-9049 Telephone: 919-821-1866 = &A ÇA % 0 ° ÿ EXCEL LEARNING CENTER o J A 6B % ÿ 2355 TAPO ST, UNIT 2 SIMI VALLEY, CA 93063-3011 Telephone: 805-584-6222 C ÇA yB % < ° ÿ EXECUTRAIN OF WASHINGTON DC z U 6B óB % ª ÿ 1593 SPRING HILL RD STE 610, STE 220 VIENNA, VA 22182-2245 Telephone: 703-506-9800 F ! yB 9C % B ° ÿ FOURTH WAVE TECHNOLOGIES, INC. m H óB ¦C % ÿ 560 KIRTS BLVD, SUITE 105 TROY, MI 48084-4141 Telephone: 313-362-2288 @ 9C æC % 6 ° ÿ FULTON COMPUTER PRODUCTS n I ¦C TD % ÿ 212 MERRICK RD ROCKVILLE CENTRE, NY 11570-5748 Telephone: 516-764-2822 < æC D % . ° ÿ GILBERT & ASSOCIATES { V TD E % ¬ ÿ 875 VIA DE LA PAZ, SUITE H PACIFIC PALISADES, CA 90272-3618 Telephone: 310-454-7679 < D GE % . ° ÿ GILBERT & ASSOCIATES o J E ¶E % ÿ 1205 SECOND AVE, STE 200 SEATTLE, WA 98101-2959 Telephone: 206-583-8989 ; GE ñE % , ° ÿ GLOBAL CONCEPTS INC p K ¶E aF % ÿ 4711 SW HUBERT ST STE 6E PORTLAND, OR 97219-6862 Telephone: 503-768-4740 8 ñE F % & ° ÿ GREGORY COOLEDGE d ? aF ýF % ~ ÿ 314 10TH AVE KIRKLAND, WA 98033-5520 Telephone: 206-822-7355 , F )G % ° ÿ HFSI g B ýF G % ÿ 7900 WESTPARK DR MC LEAN, VA 22102-4203 Telephone: 703-827-3384 B )G ÒG % : ° ÿ HILTON COMPUTER STRATEGIES j E G
® % ° ÿ SQLSOFT f 9 % Ì ÿ 10635 NE 38TH PL BLDG 24 STE B, BUIDLING 24 SUITE B KIRKLAND, WA 98033-7927 Telephone: 206-822-1287 7 ® p % $ ° ÿ SRA CORPORATION g B 9 × % ÿ 2000 15TH ST N ARLINGTON, VA 22201-2627 Telephone: 703-558-4700 3 p
% ° ÿ SYSNET CORP l G × v % ÿ 8000 TOWER CRESCENT DR VIENNA, VA 22182-2700 Telephone: 703-273-0033 R -
È % Z ° ÿ TANGENT INTERNATIONAL COMPUTER CONSULTANTS k F v 3 % ÿ 30 BROAD ST, 44 FLR NEW YORK, NY 10004-2304 Telephone: 212-809-8200 9 È l % ( ° ÿ THE CIMTECH GROUP g B 3 Ó % ÿ PO BOX 10155 CASA GRANDE, AZ 85230-0155 Telephone: 602-421-2285 : l
% * ° ÿ THE COMPUTER GROUP j E Ó w % ÿ 1230 ST ANDREWS RD COLUMBIA, SC 29210-5822 Telephone: 803-798-3424 5
¬ % ° ÿ TIMELINE, INC r M w % ÿ 3055 112TH AVE NE, STE 106 BELLEVUE, WA 98004-2067 Telephone: 206-822-3140 @ ¬ ^ % 6 ° ÿ TRIWARE NETWORLD SYSTEMS j E È % ÿ 1554 LA PRADERA DR CAMPBELL, CA 95008-1547 Telephone: 408-554-2828 6 ^ þ % " ° ÿ UNGERMANN-BASS n I È l % ÿ 3900 FREEDOM CIRCLE SANTA CLARA, CA 95054-1204 Telephone: 408-562-5516 K & þ · % L ° ÿ UNITED INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES INC x S l ;À % ¦ ÿ 350 S MAIN ST STE 303, STE 303 DOYL· ;À ùÎ ESTOWN, PA 18901-4874 Telephone: 215-340-9300 7 · rÀ % $ ° ÿ WALL DATA, INC. g B ;À ÙÀ % ÿ 17769 NE 78TH PL REDMOND, WA 98052-4962 Telephone: 206-883-4777 9 rÀ Á % ( ° ÿ WANG LABORATORIES n I ÙÀ Á % ÿ 7500 OLD GEORGETOWN RD BETHESDA, MD 20814-6133 Telephone: 301-657-5000 : Á ºÁ % * ° ÿ WJM COMPUTER SALES j E Á $ % ÿ 510 E FORT LOWELL RD TUCSON, AZ 85705-3965 Telephone: 602-792-4220 5 ºÁ Y % ° ÿ WORLDATA CORP a < $ ºÂ % x ÿ 563 MAIN ST BOLTON, MA 01740-1300 Telephone: 508-779-8383 · Y qà 1 ï ÿÿÿÿ : L qà ÂÃ Æ Windows NT and Microsoft LAN Manager EB("btn_topic_index");SaveMark("topic_index"); CBB("btn_Next_index", "PI(`nteval.hlp',`next_7')")Q ( ºÂ Âà ) "P °° - ÿ Windows NT and Microsoft LAN Manager õ à qà ·Å 2 2 ° ÿ If you currently have a Microsoft ® LAN Manager network, integrating with the Microsoft Windows NT operating system and upgrading to Windows NT Advanced Server are both reasonably simple, with worthwhile benefits. Windows NT integrates seamlessly with LAN Manager, letting you move at your own pace; Windows NT Advanced Server reduces network administration and increases the capacity and fault tolerance capabilities of your Domain Controller. É ÂÃ Æ I ` ãõ7 ü
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ÿ Integrating Windows NT with LAN Manager Why Upgrade? How to Upgrade from LAN Manager to Windows NT Advanced Server a 0 ·Å áÆ 1 ¥ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿM áÆ 9Ç Î Integrating Windows NT and Microsoft LAN ManagerX . Æ 9Ç * $\ R ÿ Integrating Windows NT with MS LAN Manager ñ ¾ áÆ *È 3 4} °° â¶ëe
ÿ Depending on your requirements, there are several ways to incorporate a Windows NT client or server into a LAN Manager network domain . No additional software or licensing is required. < 9Ç fÈ % . ° ÿ Integration Options: M # *È ³È * $F ÄR ÿ Adding a Windows NT Workstation ³ fÈ fÊ & ° ÿ To make a Windows NT workstation a member of the LAN Manager domain, you can add it to the LAN Manager user account, as you would another LAN Manager user. You can then set up permission on the Windows NT workstation to help other clients within the LAN Manager domain share resources, such as printers, CD ROMs, and folders. This permission exists independently of domain administration rules. H ³È ®Ê * $< ÄR ÿ Adding a Windows NT Server Á fÊ oÌ & 7 ° ÿ You can access the new Windows NT server in the same straightforward that way you access your LAN Manager servers, letting you test the power of Windows NT without making changes to your existing infrastructure, and set benchmarks against other server operating systems. A Windows for Workgroups client, for instance, can access other types of servers such as NetWare, LAN Server, LAN Manager, or Windows NT. O % ®Ê ¾Ì * $J ÄR ÿ Adding Windows NT Advanced Server ï É oÌ Î & ° ÿ The power and portability of Windows NT Advanced Server, combined with its intuitive administration model, makes it an excellent application server. Demonstrate this by adding it to a small department server in which Advanced Server is the primary domain controller, with knowledge of all user accounts. You will quickly experience the advantage of using its built-in monitoring and administrative functions to centrally manage both clients and servers. i 8 ¾Ì Ï 1 ¾ : N: N Ï Ï î Upgrading From LAN Manager to Windows NT Advanced Serverj A Î Ï ) " ÿ How to Upgrade from LAN Manager to Windows NT Advanced Server Û ´ Ï g ' i ÿ Windows NT Advanced Servers and LAN Manager servers can coexist and share resources in tÏ g Î he same domain or network, allowing you to upgrade your network as your schedule permits. Z ( Ï Á 2 2Q ã !çÖ
ÿ The Windows NT Advanced Server Upgrade provides a complete set of automated, robust utilities, available for use from the command line, to intuitively walk you through the process and keep you informed. In addition, you can create batch files for customized work. List of upgrade utilities Y 5 g $ j ÿ The Windows NT Advanced Server Upgrade preserves: B Á \ / .& Rñ ð9
ÿ · user accounts % Æ _ Pñ ð9
ÿ · file and group permissions · logon scripts · shared directories · connections to shared resources · protocol settings that are applied globally · country codes · scheduled commands S $ \ Ô / .H Tñ ð9
ÿ · time source server designation ó Í Ç & ÿ In addition, the upgrade records settings for workstation, server, messenger, alerter, netlogon, replicator, Uninterruptible Power Supply, Remote Access Services, and Simple Network Management Protocol. ¨ Ô o & ° ÿ There are two types of upgrades and five domain implementations to consider in planning the move to Windows NT Advanced Server. D Ç î ; F ã1åd
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ÿ · Backup Environment (Backenv) saves server configurations by scanning server configuration files and detecting hardware configurations. # Ï ¡ T v Rñ ð9
ÿ · Back AT (Backat) reads scheduled commands stored in the SCHED.LOG file and writes them to a batch file as a series of commands. · Hcopy copies files on the LAN Manager server to another server on the network. · Backacc backs up user accounts database including file permissions (includes Remote Access accounts). · ACL List (Acllist) records file permissions and other characteristics in a text file, which is checked by Aclcomp for discrepancies. W ø a Û _ ñ Rñ ð9
ÿ · Backup backs up data to a network share or tape using Sytos Plus. · Convert converts FAT, HPFS, HPFS 386 to NTFS without losing data. · PortUAS restores LAN Manager user account database and merges/converts it to the Windows NT Advanced Server security account database. · User Convert (Userconv) merges multiple domain user accounts and maps file security along with user account changes to achieve single network logon. · ACL Convert (Aclconv) restores file security and permissions. = a
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ÿ · Restore Environment (Restenv) restores server configurations, network services, and provides intelligent feedback. · ACL Compare (Aclcomp) compares file security and permissions of server before and after conversion and flags any changes. · Macintosh Conversion (Sfmconv) restores Macintosh file volumes. U $ Û ¶
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ÿ Windows NT Advanced Server is a powerful application, file, and print server that bypasses the system limitations imposed on LAN Manager by OS/2. In addition, the Windows NT Advanced Server Upgrade includes automated tools that help reduce disruptions to current network activity without co å@ a
mpromising the availability of network resources. Only the servers need to be upgraded--it is not necessary to change the networking software on each desktop. (For more information comparing Windows NT and OS/2 ) ¥ ~ C ' ý ÿ With Windows NT Advanced Server, management and administration overhead can be reduced in several ways. For example, users can access resources in multiple domains with a single user ID and password. Also, administrators can use its comprehensive set of administration and monitoring tools to better deploy resources and dramatically increase awareness of the system's organization and use. Windows NT Advanced Server adds advanced protocol support for environments such as NetWare, 32-bit TCP/IP, and DLC stacks, and supports RPC and SNMP for client-server integration with UNIX. It also includes Macintosh and Remote Access Services. ì å@ vE b â»ÑF
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ÿ Windows NT Advanced Server comes with extensive fault tolerance features such as disk duplexing, disk mirroring and built-in backup. Its support of RAID 5 ( disk striping with parity ) and the Windows NT file systems gives you high availability and reliability. The underlying Windows NT operating system is fully 32-bit, with preemptive multitasking and memory protection. k : C áE 1 ® : 9 Q áE 7F ´I LAN Manager - Powerful Application, File, and Print ServerV / vE 7F ' ^ R ÿ Powerful Application, File, and Print Server p 1 áE §G ? Lc °° âÛÌo!
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ÿ Because Windows NT Advanced Server supports SMP and RISC systems, your organization can benefit from new, more cost-effective hardware, without changing important applications and development investments. Windows NT Advanced Server is able to address 4 GB of RAM and up to 17m TB of disk space.
æ 7F ´I ' Í ° ÿ Windows NT Advanced Server provides a comprehensive security model that can be adapted for your specific needs. The security system is powerful, takes little effort to implement, and is simple to administer. Windows NT Advanced Server supports both 32-bit Windows applications and 16-bit OS/2 applications, enabling them to run many of the older LAN Manager server applications while providing access to new, faster, and more powerful applications, such as SQL Server for Windows NT. @ §G ôI 1 D 9 ; R ôI -J Ä Upgrade Options9 ´I -J ' $ R ÿ Upgrade Options m ôI ÀJ & Ú ° ÿ There are two methods of upgrading to Windows NT Advanced Server: a clone upgrade and an in-place upgrade. 5 -J õK , &
ÿ For a clone upgrade , install Windows NT Advanced Server on a separate computer and transfer (clone) the LAN Manager server data and services from an existing server to the new Windows NT Advanced Server. This method is recommended for your evaluation, because: À ÀJ µL 4 6 Tñ ðü9
ÿ · It is useful for upgrades to Windows NT-compatible x86, Pentium, R4000 and R4400, DEC Alpha AXP systems, and multiprocessor machines. Í õK M 1 09 Vñ ð9 ÿ · It preserves your source server in its original state. If you encounter problems with the upgrade, you can reinstate the source server on the network. Í µL N 5 8 Vñ ðü9
ÿ · Using a second computer is less disruptive to network operations. The source server can remain on-line during the upgrade process, and two separate networks can be maintained during your evaluation. 4 M Ä , & °
ÿ If space permits, an in-place upgrade can be used to upgrade an existing LAN Manager server in place, on the same machine. This method preserves a dual-boot and dual-partition configuration with OS/2 while providing full access to Windows NT Advanced Server. If your source server does not have sufficient space, back up your files tN Ä ´I o a network server or tape, from which you can restore or archive at any time. Install Windows NT Advanced Server and restore the LAN Manager environment using the upgrade utilities. T # N 1 N: ÿÿÿÿS [ ¬ LAN Manager - Planning Your UpgradeC Ä [ * $2 R ÿ Planning Your Upgrade F ¡ 6 :! °° â@
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ÿ The addition of trust relationships provides a significant number of opportunities for setting up enterprise-wide domains. Although LAN Manager allows only simple domain-wide administration, Windows NT Advanced Server offers several flexible administration models: ¨ [ ¬ c Q âÔ&9i
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ÿ Single Domain Model Separate Domains Without Trust Relationships Model Master Domain Model Multiple Master Domain Model Using Complete Trust Model R ! ¡ þ 1 y ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿT ÿÿÿÿþ % LAN Manager - Single Domain ModelA ¬ ? * $. ÄR ÿ Single Domain Model æ À þ % & ° ÿ When the LAN Manager primary domain controller (PDC) is upgraded to Windows NT Advanced Server, all the users in the domain immediately benefit from the new functionality and resources on the network. The other servers in the domain can be a combination of different types, such as LAN Manager for OS/2 server, LAN Manager for UNIX systems, and Windows NT Advanced Servers. When LAN Manager servers and Windows NT Advanced Servers are in the same domain, users from the Windows NT Advanced Server domain can interoperate with the LAN Manager servers. If Windows NT Advanced Server is the primary domain controller and LAN Manager is the backup domain controller, both can provide logon authentication. q @ ? 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿU ÿÿÿÿ . LAN Manager - Separate Domains Without Trust Relationships Model` 6 % ö * $l ÄR ÿ Separate Domains Without Trust Relationships Model 8 . & % ° ÿ This restrictive model closely mirrors LAN Manager domains, in which no domain trusts any other domain. It is possible to run both LAN Manager and Windows NT Advanced Server domains, giving Windows NT Advanced Server functions to at least one domain. However, this requires more administrative effort, because two user database accounts must be maintained. Users can still access resources from both domains with a single logon, but because the domains don't trust each other, user accounts must be established in both domains. R ! ö 1 s ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿV Á À LAN Manager - Master Domain ModelA . Á * $. R ÿ Master Domain Model S > J+ â,k
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ÿ · Single user accounts for secure access to all corporate resources. · Centralized control of user accounts. · Control of resource permissions at the local administrative level. · One way trust relationships with other network domains. w Q È & £ ÿ Both Windows NT Advanced Servers and LAN Manager servers can provide logon authentication. When a master domain is in place, existing LAN Manager primary domain controllers can be upgraded to Windows NT Advanced Server domain controllers. Remaining Windows NT Advanced Servers or LAN Manager servers act as backup domain controllers. ; Q À , & °
ÿ Note: For this model, a master domain must be created, using Windows NT Advanced Server. The primary domain controller from each LAN Manager domain must be upgraded, and trust relationships established with the master domain storing the master user account database.È À . [ * È jÀ 1 ( ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿW ÿÿÿÿjÀ 7à LAN Manager - Multiple Master Domain ModelJ À ´À * $@ ÄR ÿ Multiple Master Domain Model ] jÀ 7à & » ° ÿ This model is appropriate for larger organizations. It takes the benefits of the single master domain model one step further, using several Windows NT Advanced Server master domains. All master domains have trust relationships with each other. Other domains on the network trust each of the master domains, providing a single user logon from any domain in the enterprise. This model is a way to break very large user account databases into smaller, more manageable ones. It is highly scalable, supporting tens of thousands of users, and provides a great deal of flexibility for large, growing networks. Y ( ´À à 1 ä ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿX ÿÿÿÿÃ Æ LAN Manager - Using Complete Trust ModelH 7à Øà * $< ÄR ÿ Using Complete Trust Model C Ã Æ & ; ° ÿ In this model, each domain is locally administered. The domain administrator sets up trust relationships with all other known domains. For security reasons, establishing this trust requires the assistance of the administrators from those domains. This model eliminates the need for central administration of user accounts and is very flexible. However, as the enterprise grows, it can become more difficult to manage. Although this model provides a single logon for users, it carries a higher administrative burden than the other options. 1 Øà LÆ 1 \ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿY ÿÿÿÿLÆ wÆ + Æ wÆ ( °- ÿ R ! LÆ ÉÆ 1 @ ÿÿÿÿU; Z ÉÆ Ç "Ê Windows NT Services for MacintoshJ $ wÆ Ç & H °° ÿ Windows NT Services for Macintosh î « ÉÆ É C TW °° ÿ An integral part of the Microsoft ® Windows NT Advanced Server, the Windows NT Services for Macintosh ® offer you excellent connectivity and integration between your Macintosh desktops and the Windows NT operating system. Not only do they preserve the unique and important elements of each environment, they also incorporate important new components, such as manageability and security. For Additional Information: ! Ë Ç "Ê V z ãÇa¥
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ÿ What are Windows NT Services for Macintosh? Windows NT Services for Macintosh File Server Windows NT Services for Macintosh Print Server Windows NT Services for Macintosh Administration _ . É Ê 1 á »; < [ Ê ÖÊ Î What are Windows NT Services for the MacintoshU . "Ê ÖÊ ' \ R ÿ What are Windows NT Services for Macintosh? å ¦ Ê »Í ? LM ° âAá
ÿ Windows NT Services for Macintosh is a set of integrated tools facilitating better productivity and integration with Macintosh users. These include the AFP-compatible file server which allows Macintosh users to connect to a Windows NT server the same way they would connect to an AppleShare ® server, a Print Server, and Print Monitor, which allows Macintosh users on the network to spool their print jobs to a Windows NT server. Finally, the services include a complete AppleTalk ® Stack , providing seamless connectivity between Macintosh clients and Windows NT Advanced Servers. As with other system components, the Windows NT Services for Macintosh are designed for: ? ÖÊ úÍ . ," Pñ ð9
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ÿ This service allows you to share an NTFS directory tree as a volume on the Macintosh network. The Windows NT Services for Macintosh File Server is Apple File Protocol- (AFP) 2.1 compliant, and compatible with AFP 2.0-and-above clients running System 6.0.7 or higher. Because of its implementation, administrators gain access to File Services Security Þ ¬ £ 2 2Y âÄ=P
ÿ The file server uses NTFS STREAMS to store the resource fork and the Finder information for each Macintosh file, so that the Windows NT Administrator sees each Macintosh file as a single Windows NT file that can be used by PCs and Macintoshes. Another convenience is that each server maintains a user-configurable database that maps MS-DOS 8.3 file name extensions to Macintosh creator/type pairs. This database enables the Finder to display the files residing in the Windows NT resident folders with the correct Macintosh icons. Also, since the correct creator/type information is associated with the files, the Finder can launch the correct application for a given document. M Å ð . ,> â:²4W
ÿ How the File Server Works V % £ F 1 r ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ^ ÿÿÿÿF b Macintosh - How the File Server WorksC ð ' 8 ÄR ÿ How the File Server Works Ù § F b 2 2O ° âNä{Ã
ÿ NTFS supports long names, which means that the file server can preserve a 31-character Macintosh name. Windows NT Services for Macintosh has a conversion tool that converts 2- or 3-part LAN Manager Services for Macintosh Mac files into single (but multiple stream) Windows NT Services for Macintosh files. This helps preserve security information and volume parameters, which become part of the Access Control Entry . G © 1 7 < £< _ © é ï File Services Security@ b é ' 2 R ÿ File Services Security ~ X © g & ° °° ÿ Windows NT Services for Macintosh fully support and comply with Windows NT security. > é ï J b} ° âQ1±
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ÿ The Services will present the AFP (Apple File Protocol) security model to your Macintosh users and allow them to access files on volumes that reside on CD-ROM or other read-only media. Because of the secure file system of NTFS, file-sharing folder privileges are stored as Windows NT permissions , so that only one set of permissions on a folder or file is required. This function is enforced for users of both Windows NT and Macintosh desktops. No users will be able to access files if they do not have the required permissions. Additional security information R ! g A 1 õ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ` ÿÿÿÿA ä Macintosh - permission definition4
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5@ 1 ñ £< Õ< b 5@ @ XD How Windows NT P¿ 5@ ¿ ermissions are Granted to Macintosh Usersc < ¿ @ ' x R ÿ How Windows NT Permissions are Granted to Macintosh Users y 5@ 8B ' ó °° ÿ The same user account database authenticates Macintosh users and Windows NT users alike, and both types of users respect the same permissions on files and directories. Windows NT file and directory permissions are automatically translated into corresponding Macintosh permissions. When a user is created, the administrator may specify a Macintosh Primary Group for the user. î @ XD 2 2Ý ° â '
ÿ From the Windows NT File Manager, you can create Macintosh-accessible volumes and manage user/group accounts. An additional menu, labeled the AFP Server, appears in the File Manager, and from this menu, you can create and delete shared volumes, change volume parameters, edit the Type-Extension database, and set folder privileges. The Windows NT Services for Macintosh automatically creates a "Public Files" volume at installation time on an NTFS or CDFS (CD-ROM file system) partition. 1 8B D 1 ° ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿc ÿÿÿÿD F 0 XD ¹D ' ÄR ÿ folder O ) D F & S ° ÿ In graphical user interfaces, a container for programs and files, symbolized on the screen by an icon of a file folder. A folder is equivalent to a directory in that it can hold both files and additional folders and, like a directory, is a means of organizing programs and documents on a disk. _ . ¹D gF 1 A r < .= d gF ¿F ÏJ Windows NT Services for Macintosh Print ServerX 1 F ¿F ' b R ÿ Windows NT Services for Macintosh Print Server Z gF LH 3 4µ °° ÿ The Windows NT Services for Macintosh has a PostScript ® -compatible engine that allows Macintosh desktop machines to print to any printer connected to Windows NT-based systems, as if they were printing to a LaserWriter ® . The Windows NT Printer Services support the standard Apple LaserWriter driver; special client software is not required. ¹ ¿F J & ' ° ÿ Tightly integrated with the Windows NT Print Manager, the Windows NT Services for Macintosh Print Server advertises all printers connected to Windows NT-based systems that are connected directly to the server on the AppleTalk network. It then spools all incoming jobs from the Macintoshes to the queues of those printers. AppleTalk despooling errors are corrected by the Windows NT print subsystem. 2 LH 7J & ° ÿ See Also: ] J ÏJ ; Fº â°÷
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ÿ Selecting Printers The Windows NT Services for Macintosh Postscript Print Processor O 7J K 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿe ÿÿÿÿ K ×L Macintosh - selecting printers< ÏJ ZK ' * ÄR ÿ Selecting Printers } W K ×L & ¯ ° ÿ Printers connected to Windows NT-based systems will appear in the zone that you specify in the configuration dialog for the AppleTalk stack. You can configure the AppleTalk stack using the graphical user interface within Windows NT, which allows Macintosh users to select printers connected to Windows NT-based systems through the Chooser. m < ZK DM 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿf ÿÿÿÿDM lO Windows NT Services for Macintosh Postscript Print Processorf ? ×L ªM ' ~ ÄR ÿ Windows NT Services for Macintosh Postscript Print Processor  DM lO & 9 ° ÿ If the printer connected to Windows NT-based systems is not a Postscript printer, the Print Manager will mark the incoming Postscript file so that it will be processed by the Services for Macintosh Postscript Print Processor before it goes to the printer. This Print Processor rasterizes the Postscript file and sends the resulting high-resolution image to the specific printer to which the user is attached. I ªM µO 1 · '< r < g µO ó Macintosh Administration8 lO ' " R ÿ Administration µO lO â » µO î ' w °° ÿ Setup and administration of the Windows NT Services for Macintosh is fully integrated with Windows NT through a graphical interface that is integrated with existing Windows NT administration tools. Remote administration of the Windows NT Services for Macintosh is also supported from Windows NT workstations, and Windows NT Services for Macintosh can be started transparently if the administrator configures the server to use this facility. 2 & ° ÿ See Also: l 1 î ; Fb ãÎØõ
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ÿ Granting Security Permissions to Macintosh Users F 9 1 þ Õ< ì= h 9 x E Server Administration? ó x ' 0 R ÿ Server Administration Í ¦ 9 E ' M ° ÿ The Server Manager, which is part of the Windows NT Advanced Server, allows administration of local and remote servers, and is installed into the Administrative Tools group in the Program Manager. This additional tool gives the administrator access to the volume list, the server parameters, and information about the current state of the server. Using this same interface, administrators can send messages to users, disconnect users, and close files. All setup and administration of printers is done using the Windows NT Print Manager. This interface allows you to browse for AppleTalk printers and view all print queues, including print jobs sent to the AppleTalk printers. B x 1 ( .= ÿÿÿÿi  ¹ The Control Panel; E  ' ( R ÿ The Control Panel æ Ó + $Í °° ÿ The Windows NT Services for Macintosh can be administered from the Control Panel within Windows NT. The Network application allows the user to install, remove, update, and configure Windows NT Services for Macintosh. The File Server parameters set within this application are the server name that the Macintosh network will see and the default creation of the User Authentication Module volume. The desired zone and routing parameters of the AppleTalk stack can also be configured. æ Á  ¹ % ° ÿ The Services application within the Windows NT Control Panel permits the user to set the startup mode for all services. For the Services for Macintosh, the file and print servers can be set to either Automatic or Manual startup mode. This application also provides the ability to specify what user account you want the Print Server to run under. All print jobs from Macintosh users will be listed in the Print Manager as belonging to this account. 1 Ó ê 1 Y ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿj ÿÿÿÿê ( ¹ % ° ÿ W & ê i 1 _ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿk i ´ Ôà Microsoft Services and Office ListingsK % ´ & J °° ÿ Microsoft Offices: General Numbers Q + i & V °°¦ ÿ Microsoft Certified Professional Program X - ´ ] + &Z R¤A ÿ U.S. (800) 426-9400 Canada (800) 563-9048 I ¦ ) "@ °°¤A ÿ Microsoft Consulting Services â ° ] 2 2a R¤A ÿ U.S. toll-free number (800) 922-9446 U.S. West Region (206) 828-2940 U.S. Central Region (708) 495-5550 U.S. South Region (214) 458-1739 U.S. Northeast Region (617) 487-6500 C ¦ Ë * $2 °R¦A ÿ Australia (2) 870-2200 E > J R¤A ÿ Brazil (11) 530-4455 Canada (905) 568-0434 France (1) 6986-4480 Germany (89) 3176-3019 Hong Kong (852) 804-4200 Italy (2) 210-7361 Mexico (5) 325-09-10 New Zealand (64) (9) 358-3724 Singapore (65) 227-6833 Sweden (46) (8) 752-5600 United Kingdom (734) 270-001 H Ë X ) "> °°¤A ÿ Microsoft Education Services i > Á + &| R¤A ÿ U.S. toll free number (800) 426-9400 Canada (905) 568-0434 J ! X À ) "B °°¤A ÿ Microsoft InformationÁ À Networks R ) Á iÀ ) "R R¤A ÿ Microsoft TechNet (800) 344-2121 x115 G À °À ) "< R¦A ÿ Microsoft Developer Network X - iÀ Á + &Z R¤A ÿ U.S. (800) 759-5474 Canada (800) 563-9048 T °À Á , (¨ R¦A ÿ Microsoft International Customer Service (206) 936-8661 Microsoft Online Services X - Á àÁ + &Z R¤A ÿ U.S. (800) 936-3500 Canada (800) 563-9048 ; Á  ) "$ R¦A ÿ Microsoft Press i > àÁ  + &| R¤A ÿ U.S. (800) MS-PRESS (677-7377) Canada (905) 293-8464, x340 O &  Ó ) "L R¦A ÿ Microsoft Solution Provider Program X -  +à + &Z R¤A ÿ U.S. (800) 426-9400 Canada (800) 563-9048 Q ( Ó |à ) "P R¦A ÿ Microsoft Support Network Sales Group X - +à Ôà + &Z R¤A ÿ U.S. (800) 936-3500 Canada (905) 568-3503 1 |Ã Ä 1 Z ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿl Ä ÿÿÿÿ.Ä ) Ôà .Ä & ¼" ÿ a 0 Ä Ä 1 iF ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿm Ä ôÄ KË Microsoft Solution Providers - national coveragee A .Ä ôÄ $ ° ÿ Microsoft Solution Providers for Windows NT - National Support E Ä 9Å % @ ° ÿ 4TH GENERATION SERVICES, INC. x S ôÄ ±Å % ¦ ÿ 2692 BEACON HILL DR, STE 102 AUBURN HILLS, MI 48326-3747 Telephone: 313-373-9388 @ 9Å ñÅ % 6 ° ÿ ADVANCED PARADIGMS, INC. w R ±Å hÆ % ¤ ÿ 4900 SEMINARY ROAD, SUITE 210 ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1811 Telephone: 703-578-1400 B ñÅ ªÆ % : ° ÿ ADVANTA TECHNOLOGIES, INC. m H hÆ Ç % ÿ 1 WEST LOOP S, STE 801 HOUSTON, TX 77027-9009 Telephone: 713-622-9841 J % ªÆ aÇ % J ° ÿ AMERICAN COMPUTER INNOVATORS, INC. j E Ç ËÇ % ÿ 259 TRIANGLE STREET AMHERST, MA 01002-2144 Telephone: 413-549-0701 < aÇ È % . ° ÿ AMERICAN TECH CENTER w R ËÇ ~È % ¤ ÿ 7929 BROOK RIVER STE 550, STE 550 DALLAS, TX 75247-4948 Telephone: 214-630-0444 7 È µÈ % $ ° ÿ AMERIDATA, INC. h C ~È É % ÿ 10200 51ST AVE N PLYMOUTH, MN 55442-3206 Telephone: 612-557-2500 F ! µÈ cÉ % B ° ÿ APPLIED COMPUTER TECHNIQUES, I c > É ÆÉ % | ÿ 1309 44TH ST ORLANDO, FL 32839-1228 Telephone: 407-423-1188 Q , cÉ Ê % X ° ÿ BARRISTER INFORMATION SYSTEMS CORPORATION f A ÆÉ }Ê % ÿ 465 MAIN STREET BUFFALO, NY 14203-1713 Telephone: 716-845-5010 9 Ê ¶Ê % ( ° ÿ BOHDAN ASSOCIATES m H }Ê #Ë % ÿ 220 GIRARD STREET GAITHERSBURG, MD 20877-3467 Telephone: 301-258-7429 4 ¶Ê WË % ° ÿ BULETTE PLUS p K #Ë ÇË % ÿ 925 LAKEVILLE ST STE 300 PETALUMA, CA 94952-3329 Telephone: 707-769-1553 A WË Ì % 8 ° ÿ BUSINESS COMPUTER SYSTEMS h C ÇË pÌ % ÿ 204 E 900 S SALT LAKE CTY, UT 84111-4215 Telephone: 801-532-3972 H # Ì ¸Ì % F ° ÿ BUSINESS SYSTEMS SOLUTIONS, INC. } X pÌ 5Í % ° ÿ 1400 E LAKE COOK ROAD, SUITE 125 BUFFALO GROVE, IL 60089-1865 Telephone: 708-459-3800 , ¸Ì aÍ % ° ÿ CACI h C 5Í ÉÍ % ÿ 1100 N GLEBE RD ARLINGTON, VA 22201-4798 Telephone: 703-841-7800 : aÍ Î % * ° ÿ CCH COMPUTAX, INC. z U ÉÍ }Î % ª ÿ 21250 HAWTHORNE BLVD, MAIL STOP 61 TORRANCE, CA 90503-5506 Telephone: 310-543-6294 = Î ºÎ % 0 ° ÿ CEDAR COMPUTER CENTER e @ }Î Ï % ÿ 2733 NW PARK LN ANKENY, IA 50021-1055 Telephone: 515-965-0357 9 ºÎ XÏ % ( ° ÿ CGI SYSTEMS, INC. n I Ï ÆÏ % ÿ 300 BERWYN PARK, STE 100 BERWYN, PA 19312-1179 Telephone: 215-993-0870 6 XÏ % " ° ÿ CHEMSOFT, INC. ÆÏ .Ä t O ÆÏ % ÿ 1556 HALFORD AVE, STE 285 SANTA CLARA, CA 95051-2694 Telephone: 408-985-5231 6 ¶ % " ° ÿ COMPUNET, INC. w R - % ¤ ÿ 8080 MADISON AVENUE, SUITE 202 FAIR OAKS, CA 95628-3759 Telephone: 916-965-3112 4 ¶ a % ° ÿ COMPUTER BAY q L - Ò % ÿ 22 CRYSTAL LAKE PLAZA CRYSTAL LAKE, IL 60014-7929 Telephone: 815-455-2223 ; a
% , ° ÿ COMPUTER TASK GROUP g B Ò t % ÿ 1224 MILL ST EAST BERLIN, CT 06023-1152 Telephone: 203-828-2029 @
´ % 6 ° ÿ CONCEPT AUTOMATION, INC. e @ t % ÿ 1319 MORAN RD STERLING, VA 20166-9301 Telephone: 703-450-6000 C ´ \ % < ° ÿ CONTINENTAL RESOURCES, INC. m H É % ÿ 175 MIDDLESEX TURNPIKE BEDFORD, MA 01730-1409 Telephone: 617-275-0850 > \ % 2 ° ÿ CONTRACT SOLUTIONS INC c > É j % | ÿ 2 KEEWAYDIN DR SALEM, NH 03079-2839 Telephone: 603-893-6776 8 ¢ % & ° ÿ CONTROL DATA INC q L j % ÿ 959 S COAST DR, STE 450 COSTA MESA, CA 92626-1786 Telephone: 714-850-7500 < ¢ O % . ° ÿ CTR BUSINESS SYSTEMS n I ½ % ÿ 6420 SW MACADAM AVENUE PORTLAND, OR 97201-3507 Telephone: 503-293-2414 8 O õ % & ° ÿ CYBERMEDIX, INC. v Q ½ k % ¢ ÿ 1945 OLD GALLOWS ROAD, SUITE 700 VIENNA, VA 22182-3931 Telephone: 703-761-6550 F ! õ ± % B ° ÿ DATABASE COMPUTER SYSTEMS, INC q L k " % ÿ RR 1 BOX 228, PO BOX 228 LYNCHBURG, VA 24502-9701 Telephone: 804-385-6020 E ± g % @ ° ÿ DATABASE SERVER SYSTEMS, INC. ^ " ê % ¼ ÿ 400 OYSTER POINT BLVD, SUITE 114 SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94080-1917 Telephone: 415-583-3000 G " g 1 % D ° ÿ DECARLO PATERNITE & ASSOC. INC. v Q ê § % ¢ ÿ 6133 ROCKSIDE ROAD, SUITE 400 CLEVELAND, OH 44131-2220 Telephone: 216-524-2121 : 1 á % * ° ÿ EDGE SYSTEMS, INC. p K § Q % ÿ 1245 CORPORATE BLVD, 4 FLR AURORA, IL 60504-6407 Telephone: 708-898-0021 3 á % ° ÿ EDUTECH INC t O Q ø % ÿ 11211 KATY FREEWAY, SUITE 604 HOUSTON, TX 77079-2125 Telephone: 713-827-1314 L ' D
% N ° ÿ EMPOWER TRAINERS & CONSULTANTS, INC. w R ø »
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y % ¨ ÿ 2474 N UNIVERSITY AVE STE 100, STE 1 PROVO, UT 84604-3808 Telephone: 801-373-6100 5 ® % ° ÿ FOXFIRE, INC. i D y % ÿ RR # 1, BOX 198 HINDSVILLE, AR 72738-9801 Telephone: 501-789-2122 @ ® W % 6 ° ÿ FUTURE ENTERPRISES, INC. \ Ø % ¸ ÿ 1331 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE NW, SUITE 1301 WASHINGTON, DC 20004-1703 Telephone: 202-662-7610 3 W
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t % " ° ÿ GRANT THORNTON v Q > ê % ¢ ÿ 500 WASHINGTON AVE STE 1200 SAINT LOUIS, MO 63101-1261 Telephone: 314-241-3240 = t ' % 0 ° ÿ GTE VANTAGE SOLUTIONS v Q ê % ¢ ÿ 15000 CONFERENCE CENTER DRIVE CHANTILLY, VA 22021-3819 Telephone: 703-818-5150 /
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Ì {@ % ° ÿ HTR INC _ L@ ÿ@ % ¾ ÿ NORTH PARK 500, 1000 ABERNATHY RD NE STE 1017 ATLANTA, GA 30328-5651 Telephone: 800-882-6420 /
{@ .A % ° ÿ HTR INC | W ÿ@ ªA % ® ÿ PROSPECT PL, 9 HILLSIDE AVE 5TH FLOOR WALTHAM, MA 02154-7556 Telephone: 617-890-1900 /
.A ÙA % ° ÿ HTR INC y T ªA RB % ¨ ÿ 6701 CENTER DRIVE W, 5TH FLOOR LOS ANGELES, CA 90045-1536 Telephone: 310-645-9195 /
ÙA B % ° ÿ HTR INC n I RB ïB % ÿ 2000 CORPORATE RIDGE RD MC LEAN, VA 22102-7805 Telephone: 703-556-6420 /
B C % ° ÿ HTR INC q L ïB C % ÿ 1150 18TH ST NW STE 765 WASHINGTON, DC 20036-3816 Telephone: 202-822-9111 3 C ÂC % ° ÿ I-NET, INC. q L C 3D % ÿ 6430 ROCKLEDGE DR STE 400 BETHESDA, MD 20817-1805 Telephone: 301-564-6729 @ ÂC sD % 6 ° ÿ IDEAS COMMERCIAL SYSTEMS s N 3D æD % ÿ 15000 CONFERENCE CENTER DR CHANTILLY, VA 22021-3819 Telephone: 703-818-5179 C sD )E % < ° ÿ INTEGRATED VESSEL INFO CORP r M æD E % ÿ 671 VIA ALONDRA, UNIT 805 CAMARILLO, CA 93012-8098 Telephone: 805-389-6870 ? )E ÚE % 4 ° ÿ INTELLIGENT ELECTRONICS n I E HF % ÿ 5613 DTC PKWY STE 350 ENGLEWOOD, CO 80111-3031 Telephone: 303-220-9931 M ( ÚE F % P ° ÿ INTERGRATED INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INC. w R HF G % ¤ ÿ 1130 E UNIVERSITY DRIVE, SUITE 109 TEMPE, AZ 85281-8403 Telephone: 602-470-1630 < F HG % . ° ÿ ISC COMP & COMM, INC q L G ¹G % ÿ 23 GREAT OAKS BLVD, STE E SAN JOSE, CA 95119-1364 Telephone: 408-227-2286 3 HG ìG % ° ÿ KEANE, INC. q L ¹G ]H % ÿ 19 OLD KINGS HWY, BLDG 23BW DARIEN, CT 06820-4526 Telephone: 203-978-1162 : ìG H % * ° ÿ KELTEX CORPORATION j E ]H I % ÿ 1748 N STREET NW WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2907 Telephone: 202-296-7622 D H EI % > ° ÿ KIRKWOOD INFORMATION SYSTEMS j E I ¯I % ÿ 15952 PRELL CT FOUNTAIN VLY, CA 92708-1155 Telephone: 714-839-2838 8 EI çI % & ° ÿ MCE SERVICES INC g B ¯I NJ % ÿ 1409 ALLEN DR STE C TROY, MI 48083-4003 Telephone: 313-588-4640 1 çI J % ° ÿ MEDIASERV e NJ K % Ê ÿ A DIVISION OF MARK TOTHE MARKE, 444 CENTRAL PARK W NEW YORK, NY 10025-4378 Telephone: 212-666-5661 G " J PK % D ° ÿ MICRO MODELING ASSOCIATES, INC. y T K ÉK % ¨ ÿ 111 BROADWAY 18TH FLOOR, FLOOR 18 NEW YORK, NY 10006-1901 Telephone: 212-233-9890 A PK
L % 8 ° ÿ MICRO RESEARCH INDUSTRIES w R ÉK L % ¤ ÿ 4900 SEMINARY ROAD, SUITE 800 ALEXANDRIA, VA 22311-1811 Telephone: 703-824-0161 A
L ÂL % 8 ° ÿ MIDAK INTERNATIONAL, INC. o J L 1M % ÿ 3561 E SUNRISE, SUITE 235 TUCSON, AZ 85718-3204 Telephone: 602-577-2661 8 ÂL iM % & ° ÿ MIDAK UNIVERSITY q L 1M ÚM % ÿ 2800 N CENTRAL AVE STE 100 PHOENIX, AZ 85004-1033 Telephone: 602-266-9029 > iM N % 2 ° ÿ MINERVA TECHNOLOGY INC v Q ÚM N % ¢ ÿ 3102 MAPLE AVE STE 240, STE 2410 DALLAS, TX 75201-1233 Telephone: 214-871-7033 ? N ÍN % 4 ° ÿ MTX INTERNATIONAL, INC. s N N @O % ÿ 98 INVERNESS DR E, STE 110 ENGLEWOOD, CO 80112-5108 Telephone: 303-790-1400 ; ÍN {O % , ° ÿ NETBASE CORPORATION u P @O % ÿ 2214 ROCK HILL ROAD, SUITE 300 HERNDON, VA 22070-4214 Telephone: 703-478-7260 {O .Ä ? {O K % 4 ° ÿ NETWORK SOLUTIONS, INC. m H ¸ % ÿ 505 HUNTMAR PARK DRIVE HERNDON, VA 22070-5100 Telephone: 703-742-4843 7 K ï % $ ° ÿ NM PRO DATA LTD l G ¸ [ % ÿ 1212 6TH AVE 9TH FLR NEW YORK, NY 10036-1602 Telephone: 212-679-7966 ; ï % , ° ÿ PARADIGM TECH, INC. q L [ % ÿ TWO PARK AVENUE, FLOOR 22 NEW YORK, NY 10016-9301 Telephone: 212-685-4865 : A % * ° ÿ PARIAN DEVELOPMENT s N ´ % ÿ 641 W LAKE STREET, SUITE 100 CHICAGO, IL 60661-1012 Telephone: 312-655-3900 3 A ç % ° ÿ PC ETCETERA m H ´ T % ÿ 462 SEVENTH AVE, FL 4 NEW YORK, NY 10018-7606 Telephone: 212-736-5870 8 ç % & ° ÿ PRACTI COM, INC. v Q T % ¢ ÿ 2385 DELHI COMMERCE DRIVE, SUITE 4 HOLT, MI 48842-2181 Telephone: 517-699-0307 < > % . ° ÿ PRE-PAGE SYSTEMS INC l G ª % ÿ 406 FARMINGTON AVE FARMINGTON, CT 06032-1964 Telephone: 203-678-0858 @ > ê % 6 ° ÿ PREMIUM CONNECTING POINT g B ª Q % ÿ 18872 BARDEEN WAY IRVINE, CA 92715-1521 Telephone: 714-251-1550 = ê % 0 ° ÿ PRINCETON INFORMATION d ? Q ò % ~ ÿ 2 PENN PLAZA NEW YORK, NY 10121-0001 Telephone: 212-563-5030 F ! 8 % B ° ÿ PROFESSIONAL COMPUTER SOLUTION q L ò © % ÿ 383 NORDHOFF PL, STE 100 ENGLEWOOD, NJ 07631-4622 Telephone: 201-816-8002 I $ 8 ò % H ° ÿ PROGRAMMING & SYSTEMS CONSULTANTS | W © n % ® ÿ 12977 N OUTER 40 DRIVE, SUITE 310 SAINT LOUIS, MO 63141-8656 Telephone: 314-878-4777 6 ò ¤ % " ° ÿ PROLIFIX, INC. b = n % z ÿ 8809 LONG ST LENEXA, KS 66215-3585 Telephone: 913-492-7300 ? ¤ E % 4 ° ÿ QUICKSTART TECHNOLOGIES ] Ç % º ÿ 1500 QUAIL ST 6TH FLOOR, BUILDING 103 NEWPORT BEACH, CA 92660-2733 Telephone: 714-894-1448 /
E ö % ° ÿ QUOTRON } X Ç s % ° ÿ 12731 W JEFFERSON BLVD, BLDG C2-75 LOS ANGELES, CA 90066-7077 Telephone: 310-302-3912 = ö ° % 0 ° ÿ SCHULCO TRAINING CORP Z s / % ´ ÿ 100 FOUR FALLS CORPORATE CENTE WEST CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2950 Telephone: 215-940-0100 6 ° e % " ° ÿ SEMIOTIX, INC. ` / ê % À ÿ FOUNTAINHEAD PLAZA SEVEN, 10620 E BETHANY DRIVE AURORA, CO 80014-2602 Telephone: 303-743-1400 = e ' % 0 ° ÿ SNELLING AND SNELLING s N ê % ÿ 12801 N CENTRAL EXPY, STE 650 DALLAS, TX 75243-1725 Telephone: 214-239-7575 6 ' Ð % " ° ÿ SOFT-TRAIN INC p K @ % ÿ 15991 RED HILL AVE STE 100 TUSTIN, CA 92680-7320 Telephone: 714-566-0100 D Ð % > ° ÿ SOFTWARE HOUSE INTERNATIONAL i D @ í % ÿ 2 RIVERVIEW DRIVE SOMERSET, NJ 08873-1150 Telephone: 908-805-9160 : ' % * ° ÿ SOFTWARE MADE EASY w R í % ¤ ÿ 3145 GEARY BLVD, SUITE 504 SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94118-3300 Telephone: 415-381-9639 @ ' Þ % 6 ° ÿ SQL BUSINESS SYSTEMS INC x S V % ¦ ÿ 17171 PARK ROW STE 350, SUITE 350 HOUSTON, TX 77084-4927 Telephone: 713-578-7410 0 Þ % ° ÿ SSDS INC r M V ø % ÿ 6595 S DAYTON ST STE 3000 ENGLEWOOD, CO 80111-6145 Telephone: 303-790-0660 @ 8 % 6 ° ÿ STRATEGIC SOLUTIONS CORP p K ø ¨ % ÿ 5025 S MCCARRAN BLVD STE 354 RENO, NV 89502-6501 Telephone: 702-851-8200 < 8 À % . ° ÿ SYNTREX TECHNOLOGIES ¨ À .Ä p K ¨ |À % ÿ 100 1ST ST, STE 320 SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94105-2635 Telephone: 415-442-0250 B À ¾À % : ° ÿ SYNTREX TECHNOLOGIES, INC. m H |À +Á % ÿ 246 INDUSTRIAL WAY W EATONTOWN, NJ 07724-2206 Telephone: 908-542-1500 6 ¾À aÁ % " ° ÿ TECHSMITH CORP s N +Á ÔÁ % ÿ 3451 DUNCKEL ROAD, SUITE 200 LANSING, MI 48911-4216 Telephone: 517-393-0800 6 aÁ
 % " ° ÿ TEXAS SOFTWARE i D ÔÁ s % ÿ 10165 PHELAN BLVD BEAUMONT, TX 77713-9669 Telephone: 409-866-9765 <
 ¯Â % . ° ÿ THE APEX GROUP, INC. w R s &à % ¤ ÿ 7151 COLUMBIA GATEWAY DR, STE F COLUMBIA, MD 21046-2139 Telephone: 410-312-2665 F ! ¯Â là % B ° ÿ THE COMPASS COMPUTER GROUP INC ^ &à ïà % ¼ ÿ 1445 HUNTINGTON DR STE 200, SUITE 200 SOUTH PASADENA, CA 91030-4553 Telephone: 818-403-8000 > là -Ä % 2 ° ÿ THE COMPUTER PROFESSOR p K ïÃ Ä % ÿ 18162 VESTRY CIRCLE HUNTINGTON BH, CA 92648-1082 Telephone: 714-842-7227 : -Ä ×Ä % * ° ÿ THE SPECTRUM GROUP p K Ä GÅ % ÿ 2001 SPRING RD, STE 350 OAK BROOK, IL 60521-1879 Telephone: 708-368-7090 F ! ×Ä Å % B ° ÿ THE WINDOWS SUPPORT GROUP, INC e @ GÅ òÅ % ÿ 150 W 22ND ST NEW YORK, NY 10011-2421 Telephone: 212-675-2500 : Å ,Æ % * ° ÿ TRAINING SOLUTIONS l G òÅ Æ % ÿ 2121 S 48TH ST, STE 106 TEMPE, AZ 85282-1015 Telephone: 602-431-1100 + ,Æ ÃÆ % ° ÿ UCI k F Æ .Ç % ÿ 40 ORCHARD HILL RD GREENLAND, NH 03840-2138 Telephone: 603-430-9541 D ÃÆ rÇ % > ° ÿ UNIFIED COMMUNICATIONS, INC. z U .Ç ìÇ % ª ÿ 2051 KILLEBREW DRIVE, SUITE 300 MINNEAPOLIS, MN 55425-1896 Telephone: 612-851-1710 J % rÇ 6È % J ° ÿ UNISYS CORPORATION FEDERAL SYSTEMS g B ìÇ È % ÿ 8008 WESTPARK DR MC LEAN, VA 22102-3106 Telephone: 703-556-5361 : 6È ×È % * ° ÿ US CONNECT-ATLANTA o J È FÉ % ÿ SIX PIEDMONT CENTER STE 300, STE 580 ATLANTA, GA 30305-1515 Telephone: B ×È É % : ° ÿ US LAN SYSTEMS CORPORATION i D FÉ ñÉ % ÿ 728 VIRGINIA AVE BLUEFIELD, VA 24605-1456 Telephone: 703-326-3186 ; É ,Ê % , ° ÿ WISMER MARTIN, INC. g B ñÉ Ê % ÿ N 12828 NEWPORT HWY MEAD, WA 99021-9600 Telephone: 509-466-0396 G " ,Ê ÚÊ % D ° ÿ XL/PROTEUS SOFTWARE SYSTEMS INC q L Ê KË % ÿ 313 BOSTON POST ROAD W MARLBOROUGH, MA 01752-4612 Telephone: 508-485-9990 \ ÚÊ ØË 1 ÿÿÿÿç? n ØË Ì Î Nationwide Building Society - Case Study CBB("btn_next_index", "PI(`nteval.hlp', `next_5')")D KË Ì & < °° ÿ Nationwide Building Society ; ØË WÍ - ( °° ÿ When one of the United Kingdom's largest financial institutions decided to make a major change in the way it manages its business, its search for a technology to enhance its competitiveness and improve its customer service led it to the Windows NT operating system. b ' Ì ¹Í ; FN °ã'yã
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ÿ For More Information ] , ¹Í ^Î 1 3 z? Q@ o ^Î ´Î Nationwide Building Society Solution SummaryV / Î ´Î ' ^ R ÿ Nationwide Building Society Solution Summary 4 ^Î èÎ ( ° ÿ Industry : ´Î "Ï % * ° ÿ Financial services 8 èÎ ZÏ $ ( ÿ Business Solution [ 6 "Ï µÏ % l ° ÿ Enterprise-wide client-server computing environment 3 ZÏ $ ÿ Architecture µÏ Î Ä µÏ Ð 2 2% ° ÿ Servers based on the Microsoft Windows NT platform linked to mainframes on wide area network with Windows running on a total of 10,000 PCs 8 ' " ÿ Products Used > Ð F < F ° 5 ÿ Microsoft Visual Basic Microsoft Visual C++ Microsoft Windows NT Microsoft Windows NT Advanced Server Microsoft Windows TM for Workgroups PowerBuilder Development Resources In-house development staff Siemens Nixdorf Unisys Microsoft Consulting Services ; ' ( ÿ Development Time o J F ð % ° ÿ Approximately 18 months from initial proposal to first system prototype 3 # ' ÿ Benefits g B ð % ° ÿ Enhanced customer service, increased flexibility, reduced costs Y ( # ã 1 , ç? ÿÿÿÿp ã 5
Nationwide Building Society Case DetailsR + 5 ' V R ÿ Nationwide Building Society Case Details B ã w ' 7 °° ÿ Nationwide Building Society was at a crossroads. The growth of the British financial institution was quickly outpacing the capabilities of the proprietary Siemens Nixdorf minicomputer system that ran its branch operations, among others. Management decided to look at alternatives. ï È 5 f ' ° ÿ The second largest financial institution of its kind in the United Kingdom, Nationwide serves some six million retail customers through more than 700 branches. The company has approximately 13,000 employees and assets of more than £34 billion ($50 billion U.S.). In the highly competitive retail financial services business, the success of a financial institution is largely determined by the quality of its customer service. That is why Nationwide's senior management decided to turn the need to replace its aging minicomputer system into an opportunity to improve the company's customer service. Management's plan: invest in technology that would allow it to respond more quickly to changing customer needs. ± w & ° ÿ The multimillion-pound decision would affect 10,000 PCs over three years, and literally change the way the company manages its business. D f [ ' : ÄR ÿ A Commitment to Windows NT A 3 4 ° â2²
ÿ According to Dr. Paul Feldman, Nationwide's head of Technology Management Services, management's decision evolved into a clear computing direction: a client-server environment with a graphical user interface throughout the organization. The move to a client-server architecture would allow Nationwide to place data and processing of that data where it is most appropriate. For example, customer and account information may be kept on a mainframe where it is centrally secure and facilitates easy access from a distributed environment. At the same time, transaction data could be placed on PCs in front of the customer for the duration of the transaction. This change offers at least two advantages--better customer service, and streamlined business processes for Nationwide. R , [ î & Y ° ÿ The choice of a graphical user interface was also critical. Dr. Feldman believes Nationwide will increase productivity by making it easier for the staff to navigate the system and integrate data. He adds that the interface also presents a more attractive image to customers than character-based screens. "We see ourselves moving to a more open environment where branch personnel could work through a loan application with a customer--right on-screen," says Dr. Feldman. "A graphical user interface looks and works better--and that makes us look better." a : O ' t ÄR ÿ Windows NT Platform Selected as Server Operating System \ î øA A P¹ ° 6 ! ÿ Based on a thorough analysis of the available options, Nationwide decided to base its future on the Windows NTO øA operating system. "All of Nationwide's business systems will either run within, or interface to, Windows NT ," says Dr. Feldman. Eventually, Windows NT will run all distributed systems in the organization, from branches to headquarters, providing both network services and data management, as well as vital end-to-end security. Dr. Feldman says that, while OS/2 ® had some of the features the company was looking for, "the applications and development tools we needed aren't there." q 3 O iC > Jg ° ! ! âußB3
ÿ Nationwide's long-range plan is to consolidate mainframe operations onto Unisys ® machines, which will act as large data servers to Windows NT-based servers at the next level. Nationwide expects to implement a new Microsoft ® product in development code-named Hermes as its systems management tool. F øA ¯C ' > ÄR ÿ Partners Help Develop System 6 ý iC åF 9 @û ° ÿ Nationwide is working with several partners as they migrate to a client-server environment. Siemens Nixdorf is participating in the move from its minicomputer system to PCs, and may provide the PC systems. Unisys is working with Nationwide to ensure an effective link between its mainframes and the Windows NT-based servers. Microsoft Consulting Services is also teaming up with Nationwide, working with the organization's in-house development staff to create prototypes of custom applications that will be used in the branches to store and process customer information. The company plans to develop the applications internally using PowerBuilder , the Microsoft Visual Basic programming system, and possibly the Microsoft Visual C++ development system. [ 4 ¯C @G ' h ÄR ÿ Flexibility, Productivity Among Expected Benefits l ? åF ¬I - ( ° ÿ Nationwide expects greater flexibility to be a major benefit of its Windows NT -based system. "The more flexible we are in our technological infrastructure, the more Nationwide can concentrate on developing competitive products and services," Dr. Feldman points out. Nationwide also believes the system will make it easier to manage data, enhancing the productivity of the company's staff. "In a client-server environment," says Dr. Feldman, "data are not hidden in large mainframe applications." The result: people can accomplish more with less effort--and in less time. = @G éJ , &# ° ÿ And Nationwide is looking forward to extending the advantages of the Windows platform to its entire organization. According to Dr. Feldman, these advantages include reduced training costs and time, greater ease of use, and an improved image to Nationwide's customers. Q * ¬I :K ' T ÄR ÿ Looking Ahead: A World of Possibilities Ø ³ éJ L % g ÿ "Nationwide is planning to put Microsoft's technologies at the core of our next-generation client-server systems and, therefore, at the core of our future business strategies." ; :K L D Xv Ña©ñ9ÉY¡é1y ÿ Dr. Paul Feldman, Head of Technology Management Services u 0 L M E Z` °Ña©ñ9ÉY¡é1y ÿ Nationwide Building Society, Swindon, England Ñ L 4 6£ ° ÿ While Nationwide's immediate objective is to get its Windows NT -based client-server system in place, the Building Society is already examining additional ways it can use the technology once it's implemented. "We're talking to our automated teller machine vendors about putting Windows NT on our ATMs," says Dr. Feldman. Nationwide is also exploring the use of multimedia, voice recognition, and other advanced technologies. "Nationwide is focused on its customers as a fair organization to deal with, and one of the largest, safest places for their money," says Dr. Feldman. "We feel this system will help us do that by providing the very best technology to support our customers using our products and sM ervices." ó Ç M
, & ° ÿ Nationwide's choice of Windows NT is an extension of the company's belief in Microsoft products. "They're based on the very best technology," says Dr. Feldman. "You know they are going to work." 1 ; 1 Z ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿq ÿÿÿÿ; d )
d & ¼" ÿ c 2 ; Ç 1 5 ÿÿÿÿ|A r Ç " & Overview of the Windows NT Networking Architecture[ 5 d " & j °° ÿ Overview of the Windows NT Networking Architecture Ö Ç * 2 2 ° ÿ Because most new personal computers are installed on networks, the Microsoft ® Windows NT operating system has been designed to integrate the essential components for managing a network and the applications running on it. Modular network architecture makes the Windows NT built-in networking services protocol-independent, so Windows NT can be implemented in any environment. Networking in Windows NT includes built-in peer file, print, and distributed services. ü ¦ " & V zM âå lv
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° " ÿ Ú Â ô & µ ° ÿ The Windows NT architecture provides a plug-and-play framework for networking protocols. TCP/IP represents just one of several protocols which can be used to offer the capabilities of Windows NT Networking services. b 1 ô V 1 Ê A ñA t V ± ~Á More About the Windows NT Networking Architecture[ 4 ô ± ' h R ÿ More About the Windows NT Networking Architecture ß £ V < FG °°â# ?²
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ÿ STREAMS is a mechanism for building portable networking protocols in a modular fashion, allowing them to be ported to Windows NT quickly and easily. The Windows NT TCP/IP protocol and the Windows NT built-in NWLink software (IPX/SPX protocol support) are both based on the STREAMS architecture. Several vendors and researchers are moving other networking protocols to Windows NT using the STREAMS environment. m ; ± ý 2 2w ° â=ͯ
ÿ In addition to offering transparent access to Windows NT, Windows for Workgroups, and LAN Manager systems, TCP/IP protocol software is shared by applications used to access non-Microsoft systems in the enterprise. Using the standard built-in Windows Sockets , RPC, and NetBIOS interfaces, TCP/IP can also be used to access hundreds of different types of systems supporting various TCP/IP-based applications. Windows NT comes with thirteen TCP/IP-based utilities, facilitating basic terminal emulation, file transfer, and remote process execution on remote systems. j > g , &} ° ÿ The Windows Sockets, RPC, and NetBIOS interfaces make Windows NT a great platform for heterogeneous client-server computing. For example, you could use Windows Sockets to write a Windows-based front end for your SunOS-based inventory system. The OSF/DCE RPC interface could be used to give an Ultrix ® client to access your Windows NT-based market analysis system over TCP/IP. NetBIOS could provide a solution to a PC document-routing dilemma. By providing industry-standard network programming interfaces, Windows NT is the ideal participant in your enterprise network. Ù ý ~Á 2 2³ ° â0=
ÿ The inclusion of TCP/IP with Windows NT makes it an excellent scalable internetworking framework for enterprise networks. The Windows NT transport-independent architecture makes Windows NT Networking services available over TCP/IP without encapsulation. Windows NT includes common TCP/IP utilities, allowing users to connect to non-Microsoft TCP/IP-basedg ~Á ô systems. Additionally, Microsoft is working with dozens of independent software vendors through a development relations group offering development support of advanced TCP/IP networking applications and utilities which will be made readily available to Windows NT customers later this year. Products to be released include X Windows, NFS, terminal emulators, and more. T # g ÒÁ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿu ÿÿÿÿÒÁ Ä Networking: The Streams Environment1
~Á  ' ÄR ÿ Streams î ÒÁ Ä & Ý ° ÿ The STREAMS environment interacts on two levels of network service abstraction: the Transport Driver Interface (or TDI) at the top, and the Network Driver Interface (or NDIS) at the bottom. These standard interfaces make a true mix-and-match networking environment. Network protocols are written to the NDIS interface exposed by network drivers. By exposing the TDI interface, network protocols (such as TCP/IP) can be used to support the built-in networking services offered by Windows NT. @  WÄ 1 : ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿv ÿÿÿÿWÄ QÆ Windows Sockets9 Ä Ä ' $ ÄR ÿ Windows Sockets Á WÄ QÆ & 7 ° ÿ The Windows Sockets interface is compatible with Windows-based TCP/IP utilities from more than thirty vendors, including X Windows, sophisticated terminal emulation, NFS (client and server), and electronic mail packages. Windows NT offers both 16- and 32-bit Windows Sockets compatibility, so applications written for Windows 3.x Windows Sockets can run over Windows NT without modification or recompilation. J Ä Æ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿw ÿÿÿÿÆ ]Ê Networking: Encapsulation7 QÆ ÒÆ ' ÄR ÿ Encapsulation u Æ mÉ & ë ÿ Other network operating systems are often designed in a "monolithic" fashion, which means that their networking services are tightly coupled with a specific set of networking protocols. For example, Apple Computer AppleShare services are tied into the family of AppleTalk protocols, and Novell NetWare relies on the presence of IPX/SPX. To be effective in routed TCP/IP internetworks, these network operating systems must "encapsulate" their proprietary protocols into TCP/IP packets for reliable delivery. Encapsulation schemes treat the native protocols as data by TCP/IP, "wrapped" and "unwrapped" by specialized software. ð Ç ÒÆ ]Ê ) ° ÿ The process of encapsulation degrades throughput and performance of networking services, and scales poorly in internetworked environments. Windows NT Networking services have no such restriction. J mÉ §Ê 1 |A ÌB x §Ê êÊ ! Microsoft TCP/IP StrategyC ]Ê êÊ ' 8 R ÿ Microsoft TCP/IP Strategy ² §Ê Ë ' °° ÿ Microsoft has adopted the TCP/IP protocol suite as its strategic enterprise-internetworking protocol for Windows NT Networking services. N êÊ êË . ,@ °âjU©¢
ÿ Diagram of TCP/IP Strategy ! û Ë Í & ÷ ÿ Microsoft offers TCP/IP support with its Windows NT, Windows for Workgroups, and LAN Manager networking products today, and will continue to integrate this technology with future products as appropriate. There are many ways to use Microsoft TCP/IP: ( ó êË 3Ï 5 8ç T4Æ
ÿ · Scalable Windows NT Networking services: Microsoft TCP/IP provides Windows NT Networking services with a set of proven network protocols based on open standards. TCP/IP offers a scalable internetworking technology widely supported by networking hardware and software vendors. Because TCP/IP is the enterprise networking protocol, Windows NT, Windows for Workgroups and LAN Manager customers are able to integrate Microsoft networking solutions in their existing internetwork infrastructures. ° { Í ï! 5 8÷ T4Æ
ÿ · Connectivity in mixed environments: Microsoft TCP/IP provides an interoperable heterogeneous networking framework. Most modern operating systems s3Ï ï! ]Ê upport the TCP/IP protocols. Mixed systems can share information using simple networking applications and utilities. Thirteen of these common connectivity applications come bundled with Windows NT offering file transfer, remote process execution, and terminal emulation. Additional TCP/IP applications are available in the public domain and through third parties both as 16- and 32-bit Windows-based applications taking advantage of the industry-standard Windows Sockets interface. . ù 3Ï ! 5 8ó T°4Æ
ÿ · Client-Server application development: Microsoft TCP/IP and Windows Sockets offer an excellent cross-platform client-server development framework. TCP/IP is present in enterprise networks across dozens of operating systems. Applications written to the Windows Sockets standard enable TCP/IP-aware network applications to run over any compliant vendor's TCP/IP implementation. Windows Sockets is part of the Microsoft WOSA initiative and is supported by over thirty vendors in the TCP/IP community. K ï! h! 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿy ÿÿÿÿh! µ! Diagram of TCP/IP StrategyD ! ¬! ' : ÄR ÿ Diagram of TCP/IP Strategy × ± h! ! & c ° ÿ Microsoft TCP/IP strategy centers on providing a solid foundation of core protocol technology on which a wide variety of applications and connectivity utilities can be built. 2 ¬! µ! . ,
° " ÿ m < ! "! 1 * ñA ÿÿÿÿz "! f! _ ! Frequently Asked Questions About Microsoft's TCP/IP StrategyD µ! f! ' : R ÿ Frequently Asked Questions d "! ú! 0 0È V °°È:
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âᬵúÿ Q: Does Windows NT come with NFS support? Q: When will Microsoft provide Windows-based TCP/IP utilities? Q: When will Microsoft deliver the common UNIX-style TCP/IP servers (daemons) such as FTPd and Telnetd on Windows NT? Q: What does Windows Sockets offer the Windows NT user? Q: Can I use BOOTP with my Windows NT system? Q: Can I use my Windows NT system as an IP router? Q: Our engineering department uses X Windows heavily, can I run X applications on Windows NT? E ú! ¤ ! 1
ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ{ ÿÿÿÿ¤ ! i ! Networking Answer #1Å _ ! i ! 0 .+ T °s
ÿ A: Yes, Microsoft has been developing a TCP/IP VxD for over a year now, and plans to make this technology available to Windows for Workgroups 3.11 and Chicago users as soon as it is ready. The new stack will enter preliminary beta by year-end '93 and plans to ship in the first half of '94. Packaging plans have not been formalized, but we will make this technology available as soon as it is ready. E ¤ ! ® ! 1 µ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ| ÿÿÿÿ® ! ! Networking Answer #2p @ i ! ! 0 . T °s
ÿ A: Windows NT, with its built-in TCP/IP support, provides a great framework for NFS, although we have chosen not to offer NFS support in the product. Microsoft is cooperating with third parties to provide quality NFS clients and servers under Windows NT this year. Our open networking architecture makes it easier for third parties to bring existing NFS implementations to Windows NT. We support their efforts, and will communicate the availability and details of their products as they become available. Both SunSelect and FTP Software, leaders in PC-based NFS solutions, are committed to providing NFS solutions on Windows NT and have demonstrated initial technologies at several trade events. Other TCP/IP solution companies such as Frontier Technologies, Beame and Whiteside, and NetManage have announced similar solutions. E ® ! c! 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ} ÿÿÿÿc! 5B! Networking Answer #3Æ ! 5B! - (3 T °s
ÿ A: Microsoft has no firm plans to package graphical TCP/IP utilities with its products at this time. Users havc! 5B! ! e different needs, preferences and demands from their connectivity applications. With over thirty vendors committed to the Windows Sockets effort and several quality applications and utilities emerging every month, we feel that these vendors are addressing our customers' needs effectively. In the event our customers indicate otherwise, we will re-evaluate our decision. We will remain focused on providing an extremely reliable and compatible TCP/IP transport and Windows Sockets interface so that these applications run seamlessly on our platforms. E c! zB! 1 ) ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ~ ÿÿÿÿzB! ^G! Networking Answer #4ô Ç 5B! nE! - ( T s
ÿ A: Flexibility was the most important requirement of our Windows NT networking design. Our primary focus was to build excellent transport-independent networking services into the system and to offer a suitable framework to facilitate connectivity to non-Microsoft systems. In its initial release, Windows NT offers an extremely flexible TCP/IP architecture, and basic utilities to connect to other system. Our framework, coupled with the Windows Sockets interface, makes it extremely easy for third parties to port their existing services into this environment, or to develop new ones. As the operating system matures, we will increase our support for the networking applications that our customers demand. ð É zB! ^G! ' ° ÿ Windows NT and Windows NT Advanced Server do come with the Microsoft FTP Server service. This service supports all of the common FTP commands documented in RFC 959, and has some nice feature enhancements such as directory annotation and a graphical User Manager tool. The Microsoft support organization (PSS) is using this multithreaded FTP Server to provide updates and access to the Microsoft Knowledgeable to users on the Internet. (ftp.microsoft.com) E nE! £G! 1 g ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ£G! ÅJ! Networking Answer #5" é ^G! ÅJ! 9 @Ó T °s
ÿ A: Windows Sockets is an open standard which provides a binary compatible interface for networking applications. This standard allows network application vendors to write their application to a single common interface and build a single executable (or binary) which can run over many vendors' TCP/IP implementations. Windows NT offers both 16- and 32-bit Windows Sockets support. Applications written to Win32 should take advantage of the native Windows Sockets 32-bit interface. Applications written to Windows Sockets under Windows 3.1 can run unmodified under Windows NT. In fact, a 16-bit X Windows server written to Windows Sockets under Windows 3.1, has been demonstrated running unmodified under Windows NT on a MIPS R4000 system! E £G!
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K! ¨O! Networking Answer #6 q ÅJ! ¨O! - (ã T °s
ÿ A: We recognize that the maintenance of IP addresses and TCP/IP configuration is cumbersome for both users and network administrators. However, the BOOTP protocol (the bootstrap protocol) was designed primarily as a facility to boot an operating system remotely from a diskless workstation. TCP/IP configuration is only a part of the remote boot procedure. As a result, BOOTP merely shifts the entire management burden of IP addresses from end-user to administrators. Although a step in the right direction, we feel that BOOTP does not adequately satisfy our goals for simplifying network management. We are working with the IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) to help establish the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (or DHCP). This open standard is designed with the explicit goal of truly simple TCP/IP configuration management for the enterprise. We plan to implement and offer this technology as the details become finalized. In fact, Microsoft organized an interoperability event at this year's Interop to test the interoperability of preliminary DHCP implementations between different vendors which met with great success. E
K! ! 1 : ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ ! (! Networking Answer #7 ¨O! ! ¨O! é ¨O! (! 3 4Ó T °s
# ÿ A: Windows NT supports IP routing in systems with multiple network adapters attached to separate physical networks (generally called multihomed systems). Although the initial release of Windows NT will not support router-router protocols like RIP (Routing Information Protocol) or OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), it can route IP packets between locally attached networks on multihomed systems. Microsoft has prepared a technical document entitled "Advanced Internetworking with Windows NT" for network administrators who want this functionality from Windows NT today, and we are investigating router-router protocols for future releases. The document can be acquired through PSS and has been incorporated into the Windows NT Resource Kit . E ! m! 1 ï ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿm! ! Networking Answer #8ª w (! ! 3 4ï T °s
ÿ A: X Windows is a graphical distributed computing model developed at MIT. With X Windows, an application which runs on a server system is called the client, which sends commands over the network to display its results on the X Windows server. In many networks, dedicated hardware systems known as X Terminals provide the X display software and hardware to display remote X clients on a user's desk. Third parties are developing X Windows server solutions for Windows NT. This software will enable users to use Windows NT as a high-powered X server platform while retaining compatibility with Windows NT, Windows 3.1 and MS-DOS applications on the same system. Other third parties are developing X Windows client libraries for Windows NT, so developers can write X client applications on Windows NT which can be run and displayed remotely on systems providing X server capabilities. 1 m! H! 1 Y ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿH! p! ( ! p! % ° ÿ 1 H! ¡! 1 E ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ¡! µ! H p! é! ( @ °7 8 ÿ >>| Suggested Next Subject Ì ¡! µ! J b ã¯Ð/J
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" ' ã °° ÿ The National League for Nursing accredits some 2000 schools of nursing in the United States. A division of the National League for Health Care (NLHC), the National League for Nursing periodically inspects each nursing school and publishes the information it compiles in a large book that is used by NLHC staffers to answer telephone questions about nursing programs. h A 9 " E@" ' ° ÿ Recently, the need for alternative, more affordable forms of health care has caused a renewed interest in nursing schools. As a result, NLHC's job has grown more complex, so the organization decided to make its operation more efficient than the manual book-based approach allowed. "We wanted to automate the process," says Arthur Tisi, NLHC director of Information Systems. "Our goal was to take a lot of free-form text and turn it into logic--to create fields that would allow us to do fast searches and queries on speÑ
" E@" " cific categories of information about various schools." à º Ñ
" %A" & u ° ÿ Tisi says automation will enable NLHC to reduce the amount of time between accreditation interviews, allowing it to present more up-to-date information about the schools it accredits. g @ E@" A" ' ÄR ÿ Criteria for a Solution: Cost, Performance, and Expandability Ê s %A" VD" W |ç ° ! ! ! âõì
! ! ! ÿ Working with a $2.2 million grant, Tisi was most concerned about the cost of NLHC's computerized database. He also wanted a system that would offer high performance, easy updating and expansion, reliability, and compatibility with the organizations existing OS/2 ® -Microsoft LAN Manager network. With these criteria in mind, Tisi soon narrowed his search to four choices: a mainframe database, SYBASE ® running on a UNIX ® or RISC Hewlett-Packard ® computer, a 16-bit version of Paradox ® or FoxBASE ® running on the existing LAN, or a Windows NT-based network with a customized front end and a database back end. ( ü A" ~E" , &ù ° ! ÿ Tisi ultimately decided the mainframe would be too limiting, UNIX too expensive, and the standard LAN too slow. The solution: the Windows NT operating system with a Microsoft Access ® front end directing queries to a Microsoft SQL Server database. N ' VD" ÌE" ' N ÄR ÿ Windows NT: The Lowest-Cost Solution f ~E" YH" ' Í ° ÿ According to Tisi, NLHC determined that Windows NT would save 40 per-cent on the server side and 30 percent to 35 percent per client compared to UNIX, the leading alternative choice. He says NLHC plans to use eight servers based on the Windows NT platform connected to 500 workstations. The organization was also swayed by the large development support for Windows NT. "It [Windows NT] obviously has more support than OS/2 and other alternatives," says Tisi. Usability was also a factor. "It's important that users can switch back and forth between our application and other productivity applications," he says. 5 ÌE" J" 2 2 ° ât9
ÿ Tisi says another major issue was training. "One of the biggest strengths of Windows NT is that it mirrors what we've been doing in the Windows operating system. There isn't a learning curve because the interface is the same on both platforms," he says, pointing out that Windows NT also "hides" the network functionality with a friendly front end. "Users aren't concerned with things like multiple domains. They just care that they can easily access the information they need to do their jobs," he explains. å YH" K" + $Ë 9 ÿ "Next to cost, our chief concern is performance. That's why we're experimenting with running Windows NT on a Sequent ® multiprocessor unit. We think that will give us the high-speed processing we'll need as the system grows." z 5 J" L" E Zj °Ña©ñ9ÉY¡é1y ÿ Arthur Tisi, Director of Information Systems, NLHC a : K" yL" ' t ÄR ÿ Microsoft Solution Provider Supplies Crucial Assistance ï L" O" ' ß ° ÿ The National League for Health Care worked with MediaServ, a New York network consulting firm and Microsoft Solution Provider, to integrate Windows NT into the organization's existing OS/2-Microsoft LAN Manager network. MediaServ provided guidance on the overall installation of Windows NT, helped connect servers based on the Windows NT platform with the rest of the enterprise, and trained NLHC people on Microsoft products. NLHC also worked closely with New Jersey-based database applications developer PCSI from the onset of this development cycle. PCSI President Ben Tandowski and his team were integral in developing the project's functional specifications and recommending the foundation technology of a SQL Server-based relational database. B yL" ÑO" ' 6 ÄR ÿ Saved by Computing Power w Q O" T" & £ ° ÿ The beneÑO" T" " fits of the National League for Health Care's automated information system were immediate and dramatic. Tisi says the system's increased speed and greater efficiency literally makes it possible for NLHC to continue as a service organization. "The accreditation process is integral to our mission," says Tisi. "Continuing with a manual system would have been a disservice to the schools that put their trust in us." An information search that could take as long as an entire day with the organization's manual reference book-based method can now be performed in less than 10 minutes. Û ´ ÑO" /" ' i ° ÿ "Now when a caller asks which nursing schools in the Northeast are best suited to a student interested in pediatric oncology, we can not only provide several options immediately, but also related information, such as admission requirements and tuition," explains Tisi. The new ability to provide this added value to callers has prompted NLHC to consider turning the service into a revenue generator by charging per query or per item. e > T" " ' | ÄR ÿ A System That Can Help Make Health Care More Cost-Effective ê Å /" ~ " % ÿ "Ultimately, we want the public to be able to call us for information on health care alternatives, no different from the way they might call their bar association for information about lawyers." P " " E Z °Ña©ñ9ÉY¡é1y ÿ Arthur Tisi, Director of Information Systems, National League for Health Care  ~ " Õ" 3 4 ° ! ÿ The advantages of computerized information access, combined with a critical need for affordable health care, may lead NLHC to extend its database to consumers, providing them with a simple way to get current information about alternative means of health care. Tisi says NLHC is exploring a number of methods to deliver that information. For example, its database may be available on electronic information services such as CompuServe ® and Prodigy . "People could call in and find a nurse practitioner in their area," says Tisi. "Or a major employer could locate alternative medical insured programs that enable it to avoid paying high deductibles." B " " ' 7 ° ÿ The federal government is also interested in the system. "As the government gets more involved in health care and ways to fund programs, it's performing thorough cost-benefit analyses of equal care options," notes Tisi. What began as a way to automate nursing school accreditation data has expanded into a health care information system with far-reaching implications. The instant, easy-to-access information it provides may go a long way toward creating a more cost-effective health care system for people throughout the United States. 1 Õ" H" 1 Y ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¡ ÿÿÿÿH" p" ( " p" % ° ÿ 1 H" ¡" 1 Ò ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¢ ÿÿÿÿ¡" B" ¡ y p" B" ( ò PÈ:H: ÿ 1 This device requires a driver from the \DRVLIB directory on the Windows NT CD-ROM, or the Windows NT Driver Library. 1 ¡" s" 1 Ö ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ£ ÿÿÿÿs" " ¥ } B" " ( ú PÈ:H: ÿ 2 This device requires a driver from the Windows NT driver library. See the following section on accessing these drivers. 1 s" I" 1 ¸ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¤ ÿÿÿÿI" Ð" _ " Ð" ( ¾ PÈ:H: ÿ 3 Refer to SETUP.TXT for information on configuring this machine/device before installation. 1 I" " 1 ¤ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¥ ÿÿÿÿ" t" s K Ð" t" ( PÈ:H: ÿ 4 Windows NT does not currently support Advanced Power Management (APM). 1 " ¥" 1 ñ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¦ ÿÿÿÿ¥" e" À t" e" ) / PÈ:H: ÿ 5 This system requires an ABIOS.SYS driver dated after 11/1/93 to support IDE drives. Call Microsoft Product Support Services to obtain this update. 1 ¥" " 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ§ ÿÿÿÿ" À" | T e" À" ( ¨ PÈ:H: ÿ 6 Contact the manufacturer for information on running Windows NT " À" e" on this machine. 1 " OÀ" 1 Ü ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¨ ÿÿÿÿOÀ" úÀ" « À" úÀ" ) PÈ:H: ÿ 7 IDE drives greater than 500Mb are only supported with BIOS Version 1.23 or later, with BIOS setting for IDE in standard mode. 1 OÀ" +Á" 1 ¡ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ© ÿÿÿÿ+Á" Á" p H úÀ" Á" ( PÈ:H: ÿ 8 Only the NCR 53c710 SCSI Host Adapter is supported in this machine. 1 +Á" ÌÁ" 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿª ÿÿÿÿÌÁ" &Â" Z 2 Á" &Â" ( d PÈ:H: ÿ 9 Tested with firmware revisions 3.10 and 3.20. 1 ÌÁ" WÂ" 1 Ê ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ« ÿÿÿÿWÂ" ðÂ" q &Â" ðÂ" ( â PÈ:H: ÿ 10 Problems may be encountered using SCSI Removable Media (cartridge) drives on this adapter on this platform. 1 WÂ" !Ã" 1 ¡ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¬ ÿÿÿÿ!Ã" Ã" p H ðÂ" Ã" ( PÈ:H: ÿ 11 This adapter requires an active terminator for proper performance. 1 !Ã" ÂÃ" 1 Ë ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÂÃ" \Ä" r Ã" \Ä" ( ä PÈ:H: ÿ 12 This adapter must be configured for 5 MB/second asynchronous I/O to work with listed CD-ROM drives from NEC. 1 ÂÃ" Ä" 1 à ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ® ÿÿÿÿÄ" <Å" ¯ \Ä" <Å" )
PÈ:H: ÿ 13 This adapter must be configured for 5 MB/second asynchronous I/O to work with listed CD-ROM drives from Chinon, Hitachi and NEC. 1 Ä" mÅ" 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¯ ÿÿÿÿmÅ" ÒÅ" e = <Å" ÒÅ" ( z PÈ:H: ÿ 14 Tested with the Unisys PW2 Advantage 3256 (Flemington). 1 mÅ" Æ" 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ° ÿÿÿÿÆ" dÆ" a 9 ÒÅ" dÆ" ( r PÈ:H: ÿ 15 Tested with the Unisys PW2 Advantage Plus MPE 4668. 1 Æ" Æ" 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ± ÿÿÿÿÆ" ðÆ" [ 3 dÆ" ðÆ" ( f PÈ:H: ÿ 16 Scanners are not supported with this adapter. 1 Æ" !Ç" 1 ¤ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ² ÿÿÿÿ!Ç" Ç" s K ðÆ" Ç" ( PÈ:H: ÿ 17 Removable media drives are not supported with cache module installed. 1 !Ç" ÅÇ" 1 § ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ³ ÿÿÿÿÅÇ" ;È" v N Ç" ;È" ( PÈ:H: ÿ 18 CD-audio, tape drives and scanners are not supported on this controller. 1 ÅÇ" lÈ" 1 ² ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ´ ÿÿÿÿlÈ" íÈ" Y ;È" íÈ" ( ² PÈ:H: ÿ 19 To use this adapter, at least one device on the bus must provide termination power. 1 lÈ" É" 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿµ ÿÿÿÿ É" É" m E íÈ" É" ( PÈ:H: ÿ 20 Refer to SETUP.TXT for information on configuring this adapter. 1 É" ¼É" 1 ² ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¶ ÿÿÿÿ¼É" =Ê" Y É" =Ê" ( ² PÈ:H: ÿ 21 SCSI BIOS dated before 1991 requires PS/2 Reference Diskette version 1.21 or later. 1 ¼É" nÊ" 1 Ñ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ· ÿÿÿÿnÊ" Ë" x =Ê" Ë" ( ð PÈ:H: ÿ 22 This adapter cannot be used for CD Setup. To install Windows NT with this adapter, use the WINNT.EXE Setup method. 1 nÊ" ?Ë" 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¸ ÿÿÿÿ?Ë" Ë" O ' Ë" Ë" ( N PÈ:H: ÿ 23 Tested with COMPAQ Portable 486c. 1 ?Ë" ¿Ë" 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¹ ÿÿÿÿ¿Ë" Ì" U - Ë" Ì" ( Z PÈ:H: ÿ 24 Tested with NCR System 3000 Model 3350. 1 ¿Ë" EÌ" 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿº ÿÿÿÿEÌ" Ì" V . Ì" Ì" ( \ PÈ:H: ÿ 25 This adapter is only supported on IRQ-5. 1 EÌ" ÌÌ" 1 ¦ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ» ÿÿÿÿÌÌ" AÍ" u M Ì" AÍ" ( PÈ:H: ÿ 26 This adapter is only supported for use with scanners and CD-ROM drives. 1 ÌÌ" rÍ" 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¼ ÿÿÿÿrÍ" ÂÍ" P ( AÍ" ÂÍ" ( P PÈ:H: ÿ 27 Tested with firmware revision 005. 1 rÍ" óÍ" 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ½ ÿÿÿÿóÍ" CÎ" P ( ÂÍ" CÎ" ( P PÈ:H: ÿ 28 Tested with firmware revision 008. 1 óÍ" tÎ" 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¾ ÿÿÿÿtÎ" áÎ" m E CÎ" áÎ" ( PÈ:H: ÿ 29 This drive is not supported for use with the Adaptec AHA-1542c. 1 tÎ" Ï" 1 ¹ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ¿ ÿÿÿÿÏ" Ï" ` áÎ" Ï" ( À PÈ:H: ÿ 30 This drive is not supported for use with the Future Domain TMC-850M and TMC-1670 adapters. 1 Ï" ËÏ" 1 À ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÀ ÿÿÿÿËÏ" Q # z R Ï" Q # ( ¤ PÈ:H: ÿ 31 This drivËÏ" Q # Ï" e requires double-termination when used with the Adaptec AHA-1742A. 1 ËÏ" # 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÁ ÿÿÿÿ # Z# Ø ¯ Q # Z# ) _ PÈ:H: ÿ 32 The Adaptec AHA-1640 and Ultrastor 24f support only a single disk when used with this drive. This drive is not supported for use with the Future Domain MCS-600 adapter. 1 # # 1 ¥ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ# ÿ# t L Z# ÿ# ( PÈ:H: ÿ 33 Requires firmware revision 1.10C to function properly with Windows NT. 1 # 0# 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿà ÿÿÿÿ0# ¬# | T ÿ# ¬# ( ¨ PÈ:H: ÿ 34 Supported with CD-ROM drives based on Panasonic CR-52x and CR-56x models only. 1 0# Ý# 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÄ ÿÿÿÿÝ# I# l D ¬# I# ( PÈ:H: ÿ 35 This drive is not supported with the Adaptec AHA-1640 adapter. 1 Ý# z# 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÅ ÿÿÿÿz# ä# j B I# ä# ( PÈ:H: ÿ 36 Requires firmware version 484 or later for proper operation. 1 z# # 1 ¹ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÆ ÿÿÿÿ# # ` ä# # ( À PÈ:H: ÿ 37 This drive is not supported with the IBM PS/2 Microchannel SCSI Host Adapter (with cache). 1 # Î# 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÇ ÿÿÿÿÎ# <# n F # <# ( PÈ:H: ÿ 38 This drive is not supported with the Future Domain TMC-850M(ER). 1 Î# m# 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÈ ÿÿÿÿm# ×# j B <# ×# ( PÈ:H: ÿ 39 This drive is not supported with the UltraStor 24fa adapter. 1 m# # 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÉ ÿÿÿÿ# u# m E ×# u# ( PÈ:H: ÿ 40 This drive is not supported with the Adaptec AHA-1742A adapter. 1 # ¦# 1 Ë ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÊ ÿÿÿÿ¦# @# r u# @# ( ä PÈ:H: ÿ 41 For use with floppy controllers. Separate interface controllers for these types of drives are not supported. 1 ¦# q# 1 ¨ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿË ÿÿÿÿq# è# w O @# è# ( PÈ:H: ÿ 42 Requires that 512-byte sector-sized media be mounted during installation. 1 q# # 1 u ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÌ ÿÿÿÿ# ]# D è# ]# ( 8 PÈ:H: ÿ 43 Supported on x86 only. 1 # # 1 ® ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÍ ÿÿÿÿ# # } U ]# # ( ª PÈ:H: ÿ 44 This adapter is currently supported in its ESC-1/ESC-2 compatibility mode only. 1 # < # 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÎ ÿÿÿÿ< # # ` 8 # # ( p PÈ:H: ÿ 45 Not supported with the the Future Domain TMC-850m. 1 < # Í # 1 ¬ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÏ ÿÿÿÿÍ # H
# { S # H
# ( ¦ PÈ:H: ÿ 46 This has been Fault-Tolerance (RAID) tested using Windows NT Advanced Server. 1 Í # y
# 1 ± ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÐ ÿÿÿÿy
# ù
# X H
# ù
# ( ° PÈ:H: ÿ 47 Tested with HP C2225B tape drive, HP C2229B disk drive and HP C2226A CD-ROM drive. 1 y
# * # 1 © ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÑ ÿÿÿÿ* # ¢ # x P ù
# ¢ # ( PÈ:H: ÿ 48 HP Storage Systems were tested with the appropriate HP SCSI Host Adapters. 1 * # Ó # 1 ³ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÒ ÿÿÿÿÓ # U # Z ¢ # U # ( ´ PÈ:H: ÿ 49 Tested with appropriate StorageWorks options including CD-ROM, Tape and Hard Drives. 1 Ó # # 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÓ ÿÿÿÿ # Ö # P ( U # Ö # ( P PÈ:H: ÿ 50 Also supported on Alpha platforms. 1 #
# 1 p ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÔ ÿÿÿÿ
# F
# ? Ö # F
# ( . PÈ:H: ÿ 51 FDDI tested only. 1
# w
# 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÕ ÿÿÿÿw
# ×
# ` 8 F
# ×
# ( p PÈ:H: ÿ 52 Supported in Sound Blaster 1.x compatibility mode. 1 w
# # 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÖ ÿÿÿÿ# l# d < ×
# l# ( x PÈ:H: ÿ 53 Not supported in Sound Blaster 1.x compatibility mode. 1 # # 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ× ÿÿÿÿ# ô# W / l# ô# ( ^ PÈ:H: ÿ 54 Error control and flow control forced on. 1 # %# 1 z ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿØ ÿÿÿÿ%# n# I ! ô# n# ( B PÈ:H: ÿ 55 Advanced features disabled. 1 %# # 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÙ ÿÿÿÿ# @# O ' n# @# ( N PÈ:H: ÿ 56 Supported as a client modem only. # @# n# 1 # =@# 1 v ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÚ ÿÿÿÿ=@# @# E @# @# ( : PÈ:H: ÿ 57 Flow control forced on. 1 =@# ³@# 1 } ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÛ ÿÿÿÿ³@# ÿ@# L $ @# ÿ@# ( H PÈ:H: ÿ 58 Maximum DTE speed set to 2400. 1 ³@# 0A# 1 } ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÜ ÿÿÿÿ0A# |A# L $ ÿ@# |A# ( H PÈ:H: ÿ 59 Maximum DTE speed set to 9600. 1 0A# A# 1 { ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÝ ÿÿÿÿA# ÷A# J " |A# ÷A# ( D PÈ:H: ÿ 60 Modem compression forced on. 1 A# (B# 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÞ ÿÿÿÿ(B# {B# S + ÷A# {B# ( V PÈ:H: ÿ 61 Tested as standard serial ports only. 1 (B# ¬B# 1 © ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿß ÿÿÿÿ¬B# $C# x P {B# $C# ( PÈ:H: ÿ 62 In the UPS applet, check the box "Remote UPS Shutdown" and set it to high. 1 ¬B# UC# 1 ø ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿà ÿÿÿÿUC# D# Ç $C# D# + $9 PÈ:H: ÿ 8 Only the NCR 53c710 SCSI Host Adapter is supported in this machine. 6 Contact the manufacturer for information on running Windows NT on this machine. 1 UC# MD# 1 ú ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿá ÿÿÿÿMD# E# É D# E# + $= PÈ:H: ÿ 19 To use this adapter, at least one device on the bus must provide termination power. 20 Refer to SETUP.TXT for information on configuring this adapter. 1 MD# GE# 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿâ ÿÿÿÿGE# F# Ö « E# F# + $W PÈ:H: ÿ 16 Scanners are not supported with this adapter. 22 This adapter cannot be used for CD Setup. To install Windows NT with this adapter, use the WINNT.EXE Setup method. 1 GE# NF# 1 ) ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿã ÿÿÿÿNF# FG# ø Ë F# FG# - ( PÈ:H: ÿ 19 To use this adapter, at least one device on the bus must provide termination power. 20 Refer to SETUP.TXT for information on configuring this adapter. 25 This adapter is only supported on IRQ-5. 1 NF# wG# 1 Á ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿä ÿÿÿÿwG# I# a FG# I# / ,Ã PÈ:H: ÿ 19 To use this adapter, at least one device on the bus must provide termination power. 20 Refer to SETUP.TXT for information on configuring this adapter. 22 This adapter cannot be used for CD Setup. To install Windows NT with this adapter, use the WINNT.EXE Setup method. 26 This adapter is only supported for use with scanners and CD-ROM drives. 1 wG# 8I# 1 ã ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿå ÿÿÿÿ8I# êI# ² I# êI# + $ PÈ:H: ÿ 19 To use this adapter, at least one device on the bus must provide termination power. 25 This adapter is only supported on IRQ-5. 1 8I# J# 1 ç ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿæ ÿÿÿÿJ# ÑJ# ¶ êI# ÑJ# + $ PÈ:H: ÿ 45 Not supported with the the Future Domain TMC-850m. 46 This has been Fault-Tolerance (RAID) tested using Windows NT Advanced Server. 1 J# K# 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿç ÿÿÿÿK# ÕK# Ó ¨ ÑJ# ÕK# + $Q PÈ:H: ÿ 47 Tested with HP C2225B tape drive, HP C2229B disk drive and HP C2226A CD-ROM drive. 48 HP Storage Systems were tested with the appropriate HP SCSI Host Adapters. 1 K# L# 1 ð ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿè ÿÿÿÿL# ÅL# ¿ ÕK# ÅL# + $) PÈ:H: ÿ 2 This device requires a driver from the Windows NT driver library. See the following section on accessing these drivers. 51 FDDI tested only. T L# JM# 1 ÿÿÿÿØG é JM# ±M# ## Windows NT hardware compatibility list SaveMark("topic_index");EB("btn_topic_index")g @ ÅL# ±M# ' ; < ÿ Microsoft Windows NT Version 3.1 Hardware Compatibility List d 7 JM# !# - (o "O = > = ÿ The following computers and peripherals have passed Microsoft® Windows NT TM 3.1 Operating System compatibility testing as of November, 1993. Some computers may be sold with additional peripherals that are not yet supported by the Windows NT operating system. If your computer or device is not listed below, contact the manufacturer for more information. We have not tested every computer and/or device in all possible configurations. Please refer to the file SETUP.TXT on the install media for additional compatibility information when ins±M# !# ÅL# talling Windows NT. Å ±M# æ# 4 6# = ? = ? = ÿ Items listed with footnote number 1 require one of the device drivers available in the \DRVLIB directory on the Windows NT CD-ROM. These drivers are also available in the Windows NT Driver Library. Items listed with footnote number 2 are supported with device drivers available in the Windows NT Driver Library. Please see the section at the end of this document on accessing this library. Ë ¤ !# ±# ' I (O @ ÿ Updates to this list will appear in Library 1 of the WINNT forum (GO WINNT) or Library 17 of the MSWin32 forum (GO MSWIN32) on CompuServe® Information Services.
R æ# ¾# » D¥ : ãÊ A B ãr A B ãÒFßA B ãëÅi~A ã}«×B ãJA B ãfÉA B 㿤¬µA B ã¸ÿA B ãÍå8A B ã"z«µA B ã #I A B ÿ x86 Architecture Uniprocessor Computers x86 Architecture Multiprocessor Computers MIPS® ARC/R4000 Series Computers Digital Alpha AXP Systems SCSI Host Adapters SCSI CD-ROM Drives Other CD-ROM Drives SCSI Tape Drives Other Tape Drives SCSI Removable Media SCSI Scanners Disk Controllers
3 ±# È# × |g ã[@s¬A B ãBp9CA B ãKA B ã"þn#A B 㢠ÚäA B ãè(x¥A B ãæVA B ã7qb|A B ãqPA B ã 1A B ã_wBA B ã1z+A B ãlÚA B A ã\TãßB ÿ Hard Drives Storage Cabinets Video Display Support Network Adapters Multimedia Audio Adapters Modems Hardware Security Hosts ISDN Adapters Multi-port Serial Adapters Uninterruptible Power Supplies Keyboards Pointing Devices Printers Technical Notes [ ¾# ## = J< ã$0C D âÒÀßC D A ÿ Updates Disclaimer K È# n# 1 aF O ê n# è# L' x86 Uniprocessor Computersz S ## è# ' ¦ E F ÿ x86 Architecture Uniprocessor Computers The following systems have been tested. ê n# # 3 4Õ : ÿ Absolute Computer 486/66 VL/EISA ACD OPTIMA 486 DX 33 VL ACD OPTIMA 486 DX 50 VL ACD OPTIMA 486 DX2 66 VL ACER AcerAcros 486DX2/66 (Model PT66DB) ACER AcerAltos 7000/F433TU ACER AcerAltos 7000/FT66TU ACER AcerFrame 1000 (Model 1733) ACER AcerFrame 1000 (Model 1766) ACER AcerFrame 300 (Model F433T) ACER AcerFrame 500 (Model F433TE) ACER AcerFrame 500 (Model FT50TE) ACER AcerFrame 500 (Model FT66TE) ACER AcerFrame 700 ACER AcerMate 466d (Model MT66D3) ACER AcerPower 425s (Model PZ25D) Ê è# # 8 > : ÿ ACER AcerPower 433 ACER AcerPower 433e/P433E ACER AcerPower 433s ACER AcerPower 433v ACER AcerPower 450d ACER AcerPower 450de/PT50E ACER AcerPower 466d ACER AcerPower 466de/PT66E ACER AcerPower 466dv ACER AcerPower 486/33 ACER AcerPower 560e/P560E ACER AcerPower 566e ACMA 486/33 TI-VLB ACMA 486/50 TS-E ACMA 486/50-2 TI-VLB ACMA 486/66-2 TI-VLB ACMA 486/66-2 TS-E ACMA 486/66-2 TS-VLB ACS Meritel 486-50SF ACS Meritel 486-66SF Actech ACTion EISA 486DX-50 $ ñ # +# 3 4ã : ÿ Actech ACTion EISA 486DX/2-66 Actech ACTion ISA 486DX-33 Actech ACTion ISA 486DX-50 Actech ACTion ISA 486DX/2-50 Actech ACTion ISA 486DX/2-66 Actech ACTion ISA 486SX-25 Actech ACTion VLB 486DX-33 Actech ACTion VLB 486DX-50 Actech ACTion VLB 486DX/2-50 Actech ACTion VLB 486DX/2-66 Actech ACTion VLB 486SX-25 Adaptive Data System Pro 3/486-40 Adaptive Data System Pro 486/33 VESA Adaptive Data System Pro 486/33DX Adaptive Data System Pro Series 486/50 Adaptive Data System TAI 386DX/40CF System ê # WÀ# 6 :Õ : ÿ Adaptive Data System TAI 486DX/50CS System ADD-X 486 All In One 33 MHz ADD-X Systemes 486/33Mhz ISA bus ADPS 486 Power Notebook 486DX2-50Mhz ADPS 486 Power Notebook Color 486-33Mhz ADPS Ambassador ADPS Bat Computer-33MHz ADPS Bat Computer-50MHz ADPS Local Bus 33 ADPS Medallion ADPS Multimedia Power House ADPS Power Notebook 486-33Mhz ADPS System 3000 ADPS System 4000 ADPS System 5000 ADPS System 6000 EISA ADPS +# WÀ# ## System 6000 Plus ADPS System 6000 Plus EISA ADS 486 EISA+VESA UPGRADEABLE
Ú +# dÂ# 3 4µ : ÿ ADS 486VL UPGRADEABLE ADS UPGRADEABLE 3/486 Advance Interface EISA VESA 486DX-50 Advance Interface EISA VESA 486DX2-66 Advance Interface VL-BUS 486DX-50 Advance Interface VL-BUS 486DX2-66 Advanced Computer SPIRAL 386DX/40 Advanced Computer SPIRAL 486/33 Advanced Computer SPIRAL 486DX2/50 AIC STM 386DX-33Mhz AIC STM 486DX-33Mhz AIC STM 486DX2-66Mhz AIC STM 486DX2-66Mhz Local Bus Alcotini AmiTech 386DX-40 STD Alcotini AmiTech 486DX-33 STD Alcotini AmiTech 486DX2-50 STD Í WÀ# gÄ# 6 : : ÿ Alcotini AmiTech 486DX2-66 STD Alcotini AmiTech 486SX-25 STD Alcotini Weston 486DX-66 TFT Alfa DELTACOM VESA 486DX2-66 Alfa DELTACOM 486-33 Alfa DELTACOM 486-50 Alfa DELTACOM 486SX-25 Alfa DELTACOM EISA 486-50 AllWare 466-EV ALR BusinessVEISA 3/33 ALR BusinessVEISA 4/33D ALR BusinessVEISA 4/66D ALR Evolution IV 4/25s ALR Evolution IV 4/33 ALR Evolution IV 4/33s ALR Evolution IV 4/66d ALR Evolution IV 4E/25s ALR Evolution IV 4E/33 ALR Evolution IV 4E/33s Ó dÂ# rÆ# 8 >§ : ÿ ALR Evolution IV 4E/66d ALR Evolution V-Q/60 ALR Evolution V-Q/66 ALR Evolution V/60 ALR Evolution V/66 ALR Flyer 32LCT 4/50D ALR Flyer 32LCT 4/66D ALR Flyer 32LCT 4DX/33 ALR Flyer SD32 4/33 ALR Flyer SD32 4/66d ALR Flyer VL 4/33d ALR Flyer VL 4/66d ALR Modular Processor system 486DX2/66 ALR PowerCache 4 33e ALR POWERPRO/MC SMP 4/50D ALR PROVEISA V/66 ALR RANGER M4/25 ALR RANGER MC4/25S ALR RANGER MC4DX/25 ALR RANGER MCT4/25 AMAX 486/2-50 VESAmax Power Station Ï gÄ# wÈ# 6 : : ÿ AMAX 486/33 VESAmax Power Station AMAX 486/50 EISAmax Power Station AMAX 486/66 EISAmax Power Station AMAX 486/66 VESAmax Power Station Ambra 486DX/50 Ambra D466E/VL Ambra DP66E/VL Ambra T466E/VL AMI Enterprise III AMI Enterprise IV AMI Omni Business Partner AMI Super Voyager LC AMI Super Voyager PCI AMI Super Voyager VLB AMI Super Voyager VLB II AmPAQ Ultimate 466 VLB/S2 AMS TravelPro 5300 AMSYS UPG VLbus DX2-50 DT Annabelle Bits ASI 486/33 Vesa Local Bus Ç rÆ# |Ê# > J : G : ÿ AOX Kingston Technology Corp. MC Master 486 Applied Computer ACT 486/33 DX Apricot ® FTe 486DX2/66 Apricot FTs 486DX2/66 Apricot XEN-LS II Aquiline NT 466c System Ares 486-33 VLB Ariel 486DX2-66EVS Ariel 486DX2-66VLS2 Asem DP 486/66 II Asem DS 486/33 II Asem ECO-PC 4/33 Asem ECO-PC 4/66 Asem MID-SERVER 4/33 Asem PROSERVER 5/60 ASL 433 Aspect 3/486 386DX-40 ISA Aspect 3/486DX-33 ISA Aspect 3/486DX-50 ISA Aspect 3/486DX2-66 ISA Aspect EISA 486DX-33
Ç wÈ# Ì# C T : G : G : ÿ Aspect EISA 486DX-50 Aspect EISA 486DX2-66 Aspect ISA 486DX-33 Aspect ISA 486DX-50 Aspect ISA 486DX2-66 Aspect ISA 486SX-33 Aspect VESA 486DX-33 Aspect VESA 486DX-33F Aspect VESA 486DX-50 Aspect VESA 486DX-50F Aspect VESA 486DX2-66 Aspect VESA 486DX2-66F Aspect VESA 486SX-33 Aspect VESA 486SX-33F AST ® Advantage! TM Plus 486DX/33 AST Advantage! Pro 486SX/25 Model 173 AST Bravo 3/25s Model 3V AST Bravo LC 4/25s AST Bravo LC 4/33 AST Bravo LC 4/33s Ù |Ê# Î# 9 @³ : ÿ AST Bravo LC 4/50d AST Bravo LC 4/66d AST Bravo LP 4/25s AST Bravo LP 4/33 AST Bravo LP 4/66d AST Bravo MT4/66d AST Power Premium 4/33 EISA AST Power Premium 4/50d AST PowerExec 4/25SL AST Premium 386/33T AST Premium II 386/33 Model 213V AST Premium II 486/33 AST Premium SE 4/33 Model 333 AST Premium SE 4/50 AST Premium SE 4/50d AST Premium SE 4/66d AST Premium SE 486/33 AST Premmia 4/33 AST Premmia 4/33SX AST Premmia 4/66d AST Premmia MTE 4/66d AST Premmia SE 4/66d Ï Ì# § $ 4 6 : ÿ Athena ALM 486 DX 33 Athena ALM 486 DX 50 Athena ALM 486 DX 66 Athena HQ / ISA 486DLC 40 Athena HQ / ISA 486DX 33 Athena HQ / ISA 486DX 50 Athena HQ / ISA 486DX2 66 Athena HQ / VESA 486DX 33 Athena HQ / VESA 486DX2 50 Athena HQ / VESA 486DX2 66 Austin 486/50 EISA Tower PATRIOT Austin 486/50 VESA-LB PATRIOTÎ# § $ ## Austin 486/50 VESA-LB PATRIOT PLUS Austin 486DLC Austin 486DX/33 EISA Tower PATRIOT Austin 486DX/33 VESA-LB PATRIOT Austin 486DX/33 VESA-LB PATRIOT PLUS á Î# ¾$ 6 :Ã : ÿ Austin 486DX2/50 EISA Tower PATRIOT Austin 486DX2/66 EISA Tower PATRIOT Austin 486DX2/66 VESA-LB PATRIOT PLUS Austin Winstation 486DX2/66 Axik Ace Cache 486DX-33V Axik Ace Cache 486DX-33VG Axik Ace Cache 486DX2-50VG Axik Ace Cache 486DX2-66V Axik Ace Cache 486DX2-66VG Axik Ace Cache 486SX-33VG Bear 486/50 Desktop Brett ExecEISA Brett Executive Brett Pro VLB Brett Station NTe EISA C&S Computer E III 486/VLB C. THIIM 486DX33 CAF CT-02 L737/486DX-33 Caliber 3/486 386DX-40 ISA Í § $ Ã$ 8 > : ÿ Caliber 3/486DX-33 ISA Caliber 3/486DX-50 ISA Caliber 3/486DX2-66 ISA Caliber EISA 486DX-33 Caliber EISA 486DX-50 Caliber EISA 486DX2-66 Caliber ISA 486DX-33 Caliber ISA 486DX-50 Caliber ISA 486DX2-66 Caliber ISA 486SX-33 Caliber VESA 486DX-33 Caliber VESA 486DX-33F Caliber VESA 486DX-50 Caliber VESA 486DX-50F Caliber VESA 486DX2-66 Caliber VESA 486DX2-66F Caliber VESA 486SX-33 Caliber VESA 486SX-33F Celem 486DX/33 VL Celem 486DX/33C Celem 486DX/50 MC Ã ¾$ È$ B R : G : G : ÿ Celem 486DX/50 VL Chaplet HALIKAN NBD-486T/25M Chicony Electronics 486 33P Chicony Electronics Subnote 486SX/25 Cinet EVL Series 486DX2/66 Cinet HI Series 486DX2/66 Cinet VL Series 486DX2/66 Clone 9433 Colfax P1-486 EISA/VLB Commodore ® 486DX-33C Commodore 486SLC-25 Commodore 486SX-25 Commodore DT 486SX-20 Commodore LB 486DX-33C Commodore LB 486DX2-66C Commodore LB 486SX-33C Commodore LB T486DX2-66C Commodore T486DX-50C COMPAQ ® Concerto 4/25 Å Ã$ Ü$ O l : G : G : G : G : ÿ COMPAQ Contura 4/25C COMPAQ Deskpro 386/25 ® COMPAQ Deskpro 386/25e COMPAQ Deskpro 386/33 ® COMPAQ Deskpro 386/33L COMPAQ Deskpro ® 4/66i COMPAQ Deskpro 486/25 COMPAQ Deskpro 486/25i COMPAQ Deskpro 486/33i COMPAQ Deskpro 486/33L COMPAQ Deskpro 486/33M COMPAQ Deskpro 486/50L COMPAQ Deskpro 486/50M COMPAQ Deskpro 5/60M COMPAQ Deskpro 5/66M COMPAQ Deskpro 66M COMPAQ LTE ® Lite 4/25 COMPAQ LTE Lite 4/25C COMPAQ LTE Lite 4/33C COMPAQ Portable 486c ¿ È$ â
$ G \ : G : G : G : ÿ COMPAQ Portable 486C/66 COMPAQ Presario 425 COMPAQ ProLiant 1000 486DX2/66 COMPAQ ProLiant 1000 Model 5/60 COMPAQ ProLinea TM 3/25s COMPAQ ProLinea 4/50 COMPAQ ProLinea 4/66 COMPAQ ProSignia 486DX/33 COMPAQ ProSignia 486DX2/66 COMPAQ ProSignia 5/60 COMPAQ Systempro/LT TM 386/25 COMPAQ Systempro/LT 486/33 COMPAQ Systempro/LT 486DX2/50 COMPAQ Systempro/LT 486DX2/66 COMPAQ Systempro/LT 486SX/25 Comper DC486-662V CompuAdd ® 420s CompuAdd 433 . ö Ü$
$ 8 >í : ÿ CompuAdd 433 ELB CompuAdd 433 LB CompuAdd 433 LP CompuAdd 433DLC LP CompuAdd 433E CompuAdd 450 CompuAdd 450DX2 LP CompuAdd 466/DX2 CompuAdd 466DX2 LB CompuAdd 466DX2E LB CompuAdd 486-33DLC CompuAdd MC466EDX2 COMPUCON 386DX/40 COMPUCON 486DX/33 COMPUCON 486DX/33 ISA/VL COMPUCON 486DX/50 COMPUCON 486DX/50 EISA/VL COMPUCON 486DX/50 VL COMPUCON 486DX2/66 EISA/VL Compudyne 4DX2/50 EISA16340 DESKTOP (incl. MINITOWER and SERVERTOWER) Compudyne 4DX2/50 VLB16340 DESKTOP (incl. MINITOWER and SERVERTOWER) 0 â
$ @$ + $ : ÿ Compudyne 4DX2/66 EISA16245 DESKTOP (incl. MINITOWER and SERVERTOWER) Compudyne 4DX2/66 Slimnote Compudyne 4DX2/66 VLB16245 DESKTOP (incl. MINITOWER and SERVERTOWER) Compudyne 4DX33 EISA16245 DESKTOP (incl. MINITOWER and SERVERTOWER) Compudyne 4DX33 VLB16245 DESKTOP (incl. MINITOWER and SERVERTOWER) Compudyne 4DX50 EISA16340 DESKTOP (incl. MINITOWER and SERVERTOWER) Compudyne 4DX50 VLB16340 DESKTOP (incl. MINITOWER and SERVERTOWER) Compudyne UM486V AIO DX2/50 2VLB DIP DESKTOP (incl. MINITOWER and SERVERTOWER) Å
$ @$ % A : ÿ Compudyne UM486V AIO DX2/50 2VLB SMT DESKTOP (incl. MINITOWER and SERVERTOWER) Compudyne UM486V AIO DX2/66 2VLB DIP DESKTOP (incl. MINITOWER and SERVERTOW@$ @$ ## ER) K @$ \B$ , &? H: ÿ Compudyne UM486V AIO DX2/66 2VLB SMT DESKTOP (incl. MINITOWER and SERVERTOWER) Compudyne UM486V AIO DX33 2VLB DIP DESKTOP (incl. MINITOWER and SERVERTOWER) Compudyne UM486V AIO DX33 2VLB SMT DESKTOP (incl. MINITOWER and SERVERTOWER) Compudyne UM486V AIO DX50 2VLB DIP DESKTOP (incl. MINITOWER and SERVERTOWER) Compudyne UM486V AIO DX50 2VLB SMT DESKTOP (incl. MINITOWER and SERVERTOWER) Compudyne UM486V AIO SX25 2VLB DIP DESKTOP (incl. MINITOWER and SERVERTOWER) Compudyne UM486V AIO SX25 2VLB SMT DESKTOP (incl. MINITOWER and SERVERTOWER) Ã @$ C$ ' 9 H: ÿ Compudyne UM486V AIO SX33 2VLB DIP DESKTOP (incl. MINITOWER and SERVERTOWER) Compudyne UM486V AIO SX33 2VLB SMT DESKTOP (incl. MINITOWER and SERVERTOWER) Ô \B$ %E$ 2 2© : ÿ CompuPartner 4D250 CompuPartner 4D33 CompuPartner 4DV266 Computer Extension CESI 486 66 Computer Resources 486DX266 ISA Computer Resources 486DX33 FULL TOWER Computer Resources 486DX33 LOCAL BUS Computer Resources 486DX50 EISA Computer Sales Prof. 486DX/33 VL Computer Sales Prof. 486DX2/50 VL Computer Sales Prof. 486DX2/66 EISA/VL Computer Sales Prof. 486DX2/66 VL Computer Sales Prof. 486SX/25 VL Computer Sonics CSI EISA/VL 486/33 Computer Sonics CSI ISA 486/33 s C$ ¾E$ & æ : ÿ Computer Sonics CSI VL/ISA 486 Computrend PREMIO 486DX-33 Computrend PREMIO 486DX-50 Computrend PREMIO 486DX2-66 « ~ %E$ iG$ - (ý H: ÿ Cornell Computer Systems EISA_VESA PAK 486/33 Cornell Computer Systems EISA_VESA PAK 486/66 Cornell Computer Systems HOME OFFICE PAK 486/33 VLB Cornell Computer Systems HOME OFFICE PAK 486/66 VLB Cornell Computer Systems POWER PAK 486/33 VLB Cornell Computer Systems POWER PAK 486/66 VLB Cornell Computer Systems VALUE PAK 486/33 VLB Cornell Computer Systems VALUE PAK 486/66 VLB Ñ ¾E$ qI$ 7 <£ : ÿ CPU Sir Henry NT Crescent 486-33/33VL Crescent 486-66VL CSS Labs MaxSys 433MTA CSS Labs MaxSys 433MTMGE CSS Labs MaxSys 433TA CSS Labs MaxSys 433TMGE CSS Labs MaxSys 450MTMGE CSS Labs MaxSys 450TMGE CSS Labs MaxSys 452MTMGE CSS Labs MaxSys 452TMGE CSS Labs MaxSys 462MTA CSS Labs MaxSys 462MTE CSS Labs MaxSys 462MTMGE CSS Labs MaxSys 462TA CSS Labs MaxSys 462TE CSS Labs MaxSys 462TMGE CSS Labs Preferred 433GA CSS Labs Preferred 433GE CSS Labs Preferred 433MGE Ý iG$ K$ 8 >» : ÿ CSS Labs Preferred 450MGE CSS Labs Preferred 452MGE CSS Labs Preferred 462GA CSS Labs Preferred 462GE CSS Labs Preferred 462MGE CTM Fontek 486DX2-50 VL CTM Fontek 486DX2-66 VL CTM Fontek 486DX33 VL Cube 340 ATX Cube 433 ATX Cube 450 ATX Cube 466 ATX Cube 466 ATX Local Bus Cube 486/40 CyberStar Alliance DX2/50 CyberStar FilePro 1000 CyberStar FilePro 2000 CyberStar FilePro 2000 5/60 Daewoo 486VESA System/2700(33) Daewoo 486VESA System/2900(33) Daewoo Modular Desktop/2300 =
qI$ ÃL$ 0 . : ÿ Daewoo Modular Mini Tower/2400 DAN for Windows 25 DAN for Windows 33 DAN for Windows 50 DAN for Windows 66 DAN Vantage/25 DAN Vantage/33 DAN Vantage/50 DAN Vantage/66 Danjen 486DLC 33 MHz Danjen 486DX 33 MHz Local Bus Danjen 486DX 50 MHz EISA Danjen 486DX 50 MHz ISA T / K$ M$ % ^ H: ÿ Dassault AT CUSTOMER ACTIVATED TERMINAL D633 Ñ ÃL$ O$ 1 0£ : ÿ Data Stor 386-33DX Desktop/Tower Data Stor 386-33SX Desktop/Tower Data Stor 486-25SX Desktop/Tower Data Stor 486-33DX Desktop/Tower Data Stor 486-33SX Desktop/Tower Data Stor 486-50DX Desktop/Tower Data Stor 486-66DX2 Desktop/Tower Data Stor 486-66DX2E Desktop/Tower DATAFILEN PROFF 386DX-40 DATAFILEN PROFF 486DX-33 VL DATAFILEN PROFF 486DX2-66 VL Datavarehuset BRICK 486 DX2-50 LocalBus Datavarehuset BRICK 486DX-33 EISA Datavarehuset BRICK 486DX2-66 Local Bus
Ç M$ /$ C T : G : ÿ DDK Soft DDK-4066/2LV Debis DCS Minitower 486 EISA Debis DCS Tower 486 MC Debis DCS Tower 486 MP EISA Deico 486DLC Deico Predator III DELL ® 325 N Notebook DELL 3O$ /$ ## 25 NC Notebook DELL 4033/XE DELL 4050/XE DELL 4066/XE DELL 425s/L DELL 433/L DELL 433/M DELL 433/ME DELL 433/T DELL 450/M DELL 450s/L DELL 4560/XE DELL 466/M DELL 466/ME DELL Dimension 466/T DELL Dimension 486DX/33 DELL Dimension 486DX/50 DELL Dimension 486DX2/50s DELL Dimension 486SX/25 Ù O$ =$ 5 8³ : ÿ DELL OptiPlex 425s/MXV DELL OptiPlex 433/MXV DELL OptiPlex 433s/MXV DELL OptiPlex 450/MXV DELL OptiPlex 466/MXV DELL PowerLine 466DE DELL PowerLine 466SE DELL PowerLine System 325 DELL PowerLine System 433DE DELL PowerLine System 433E DELL PowerLine System 433SE DELL PowerLine System 450/T DELL PowerLine System 450DE DELL PowerLine System 450DE/2 DGX DELL PowerLine System 450SE DELL PowerLine System 486D/33 DELL PowerLine System 486D/50 DELL PowerLine System 486P/25 Û /$ R $ : B· : ÿ DELL PowerLine System 486P/33 Delphi Olympus Delta Micro Systems Gold Line 4D33V Delta Micro Systems Gold Line 4D50C DFI CCV 486-25SX DFI CCV 486-DX2-50 DFI CCV 486DX-33 DFI CCV 486DX2-66 DFI TN 486DX-33 DFI TN 486DX2-50 DFI TN 486DX2-66 DFI TN 486SX-25 DFI UCE 486DX-33 DFI UCE 486DX-50 DFI UCE 486DX2-50 DFI UCE 486DX2-66 DFI UCE 486SX-25 DFI UCF 486DX-33 DFI UCF 486DX-50 DFI UCF 486DX2-50 DFI UCF 486DX2-66 DFI UCF 486SX-25 Digital Equipment Corp. applicationDEC 400xP î =$ p$ 0 .Ý : ÿ Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 333 Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 425 Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 425 ST Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 425i Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 425i DX2 Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 433 Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 433 ST Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 433 Workstation Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 433dx DT Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 433dx LP Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 433dx MT Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 433dx MTE Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 433sx DT $ ô R $ $ 0 .é : ÿ Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 433T Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 450 ST Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 450d2 LP Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 450d2 MT Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 452 ST Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 466 ST Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 466d2 DT Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 466d2 LP Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 466d2 LPx Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 466d2 MT Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 466d2 MTE Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc 560 ST Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc LPv 425sx
Ó p$ $ 7 <§ : G : ÿ Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc LPv 433dx Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc LPv 433sx Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc LPv 450d2 Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc LPv 466d2 Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc LPx 433dx Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc LPx 433sx Digital Equipment Corp. DECpc LPx 450d2 Digital Equipment Corp. DECstation ® 425c Dolch C.P.A.C. 486-33C Dolch C.P.A.C. 486-33E Dolch C.P.A.C. 486-50 EISA Dolch C.P.A.C. 486-66C Dolch C.P.A.C. 486-66E Dolch M.A.C.H. 486-33 Å $ ¡$ > J : ÿ Dolch M.A.C.H. 486-66 Dolch V.P.A.C. 486-33C Dolch V.P.A.C. 486-33E Dolch V.P.A.C. 486-66C Dolch V.P.A.C. 486-66E DTK 486VL DTK FEAT03-D33 DTK FEAT03-D40 DTK FEAT03-D50 DTK FEAT03-T66 DTK FEAT04-D33 DTK FEAT33-D33 DTK FEAT33-D40 DTK FEAT33-D50 DTK FEAT33-T66 DTK FEAT34-D33 DTK FEAT34-D40 DTK FEAT34-D50 DTK FEAT34-T66 DTK FEAT35-D33 DTK FEAT36-D33 DTK FEAT5030-D33 DTK FEAT5030-D50 DTK FEAT5030-T66 DTK FEAT5031-D33 DTK FEAT5031-D50 DTK FEAT5031-T66 Æ $ ¤$ = H : ÿ DTK FEAT62-D33 DTK FEAT62-T66 DTK Grafika 4A DTK Grafika 4C DTK Grafika 4D DTK Grafika 4E DTK Grafika 4F DTK Grafika 4G DTK Grafika 4I DTK Grafika 4J DTK Grafika 4V2D-D3 DTK Grafika 4V2D-T6 DTK Grafika 4V2T-D3 DTK Grafika 4V2T-T6 DTK Grafika 5V1T-60 DTK Grafika 5VID-60 DTK PENT-01 (incl. -31, -32 Models) DTK SPAN0030 DTK SPAN01-D33 DTK SPAN01-D50 DTK SPAN01-T66 DTK SPAN3330 DTK SPAN5030 Duracom 486/25SX-CCV Duracom 486/25SX-TN Duracom 486/25SX-UCF x H ¡$ (Á$ 0 . : ÿ Duracom 486/33-CCV Duracom 486/33-TN Duraco¤$ (Á$ ## m 486/33-UCF Duracom 486/50DX-UCF Duracom 486/50DX2-CCV Duracom 486/50DX2-TN Duracom 486/50DX2-UCF Duracom 486/66DX2-CCV Duracom 486/66DX2-TN Duracom 486/66DX2-UCF Dynamic Decisions DYNEX EXEC-50 EISA Dynamic Decisions EXECUTIVE 486-33 ISA Dynamic Decisions EXECUTIVE 486-33 ISA/PCI ã ¤$ ;Ã$ 0 .Ç H: ÿ Dynamic Decisions EXECUTIVE 486-33 VL/EISA Dynamic Decisions EXECUTIVE 486-33 VL/ISA Dynamic Decisions EXECUTIVE 486-33SX Dynamic Decisions EXECUTIVE 486-50 VL/EISA Dynamic Decisions EXECUTIVE 486-66 DX2 VL/ISA Dynamic Decisions EXECUTIVE 486-66 VL/EISA Dynamic Decisions EXECUTIVE ISA-486-33 SV2 Dynamic Decisions EXECUTIVE ISA-486-50 SV2 Dynamic Decisions EXECUTIVE ISA-486-66D2 SV2 Dynamic Decisions PROFESSIONAL 486-33 VL/ISA Dynamic Decisions PROFESSIONAL 486-33DX VL/EISA E3 Ã (Á$ þÃ$ ( 7 H: ÿ Dynamic Decisions PROFESSIONAL 486-33DX VL/EISA E4 Dynamic Decisions PROFESSIONAL 486-50DX VL/EISA E4 Dynamic Decisions PROFESSIONAL 486DX66 EISA VLB E4 Ç ;Ã$ Æ$ < F : G : ÿ ECE DATA i486/VLB ECG Unitron 340 ECG Unitron 425 ECG Unitron 433 ECG Unitron 450 ECG Unitron 450 DX/2 ECG Unitron 466 DX/2 ECG Unitron 466 DX/2 EISA Elite Industries MB-1433AEA-V 486/33 Elite Industries MB-1433AEA-V 486/50 Elite Industries MB-1433AEA-V 486DX2/66 Elitegroup UC4917-G Elitegroup UM4910 Elitegroup VL486 Elonex PC-400 Series Computer Eltech Model 4660VB Epson ® ActionDesk 4000 (4DX2/66-LB) Epson Endeavor VL66 Epson Endeavor WG 4DX2/50 Ö þÃ$ È$ = H : G : ÿ Epson Endeavor WG 4DX2/66 Epson Endeavor WG 4SX33 Epson Equity 4DX/33 Epson Equity 4DX2/50 Epson Equity 4SX/25 Epson PowerSpan 486DX2/66 Epson Progression 486DX/33 Epson Progression 486DX2/66 Epson Progression 486SX/25 Epson Progression 4DX2/50 Epson Progression 4SX/33 Ergo Ultra Moby Brick 486/66 ERIDAN Onyx DE433 Erre 486DX2-66 VLB EverCom ISA 486SR/33 EverCom VL 486SV2/66 Everex TM Cube DX/33 Everex Step 486/33 ISA Everex Step DP Everex Step VL EISA 486DX2/50
× Æ$ Ê$ 3 4¯ : ÿ Everex Step VL EISA 486DX2/66 Everex Step VL ISA 486DX2/50 Everex Step VL ISA 486DX2/66 Everex Tempo 486/33 Everex Tempo 486/33E Everex Tempo 486DX2/50 Everex Tempo 486SX/25 Evergreen Systems CAPcard 425e Evesham Micros VALE PREMIER + 486DX2-66 Evesham Micros VALE PREMIER 486DX2-66 Evesham Micros VALE PRESTIGE 486DX2-66 Expo-Tech 386 Ultra Slim Expo-Tech 486DX/3 Desktop Expo-Tech 486DX/3 Desktop (w/LBVGA) Expo-Tech 486DX/3 Desktop (w/VLBUS) Expo-Tech 486DX/3 Tower Ù È$ )Ì$ 2 2³ : ÿ Expo-Tech 486DX/3 Tower (w/VLBUS) Expo-Tech 486DX2/4 Desktop Expo-Tech 486DX2/4 Desktop (w/LBVGA) Expo-Tech 486DX2/4 Desktop (w/VLBUS) Expo-Tech 486DX2/4 Tower Expo-Tech 486DX2/4 Tower (w/VLBUS) Expo-Tech 486DX2/6 Desktop Expo-Tech 486DX2/6 Desktop (w/LBVGA) Expo-Tech 486DX2/6 Desktop (w/VLBUS) Expo-Tech 486DX2/6 Tower Expo-Tech 486DX2/6 Tower (w/VLBUS) Expo-Tech 486SX/3 Desktop Expo-Tech 486SX/3 Desktop (w/LBVGA) Expo-Tech 486SX/3 Tower Expo-Tech 486SX/3 Ultra Slim Û ª Ê$ Î$ 1 0U : ÿ Expo-Tech 486SX/3 Ultra Slim (w/LBVGA) Expo-Tech 486SX/4 Desktop Expo-Tech 486SX/4 Desktop (w/LBVGA) Expo-Tech 486SX/4 Desktop (w/VLBUS) Expo-Tech 486SX/4 Tower Expo-Tech 486SX/4 Ultra Slim Expo-Tech 486SX/4 Ultra Slim (w/LBVGA) Expo-Tech LT322 Notebook Expo-Tech LT421 Notebook Express Micro EISA VESA 486DX-50 Express Micro EISA VESA 486DX2-66 Express Micro VL-BUS 486DX-50 Express Micro VL-BUS 486DX2-66 Fast 486DY66S520 X 3 )Ì$ \Î$ % f H: ÿ Federal Technologies Guardian WinMaster 486/33SX ç Î$ % 4 6Ï : ÿ First Jupiter 486DX66 All In One ISA Bus First Krypton 486DX50 VL-Bus First LEO 4386VCV DX33 First LEO 486DX66-VL First LEO 486VC DX/50 First LEO 486VC DX2/66 First LEO DESKTOP 486/33 First LEO DESKTOP 486/50 First LEO DESKTOP 486/66 First LEO MINITOWER 486/33 First LEO MINITOWER 486/50 First LEO MINITOWER 486/66 First Venus 486DX2/66 EISA and VL-Bus First Venus 48\Î$ % ## 6DX2/66 VL-Bus Fountain Technology 486DX/33 VL Fountain Technology 486DX2-66 EISA/VL Fountain Technology 486DX2/50 VL
È \Î$ % B R : â¸1G : ÿ Fountain Technology 486DX2/66 VL Fountain Technology 486SX/25 VL Free VESA23X50 Fujitech 486DX/50 E Fujitech 486DX2/50 VL FUTURE COMPUTERS 486 Eisa/Vesa NTPC Gain TITON WORKSTATION Gateway 2000 386/33 Gateway 2000 486/33C Gateway 2000 486/33E Gateway 2000 486DX2/50 Gateway 2000 486DX2/50E Gateway 2000 486DX2/50V Gateway 2000 486DX2/66V Gateway 2000 4DX/33 Gateway 2000 4DX2/66E Gateway 2000 4SX/25 Gateway 2000 4SX/33V Gateway 2000 Nomad 425DXL 3 à % % K d â¸1: G : G : ÿ Gateway 2000 Nomad 450DXL 3 GCH AEGIS 433 GCH AEGIS 466 GCH EasyData 433HI GCH EasyData 466HI GCH EasyDate 466HI VL GCH EiSYS Ei433DX GCH EiSYS Ei466DX Genitech Capricorn JF/33 Genitech Capricorn JF2/66 GES DATAMINI MF 486DX-33 GES DATAMINI MF 486DX2-66 GES DATAMINI MF 486SX-25 Getek 486 DX 50 LOCAL BUS GMX EISAMB 486DX2/66 GoldStar 425SXE GoldStar GS425SX GoldStar GS466DX GoldStar GS466DXE GRiD ® 486ei-25 SVR GRiD 486ei-33 GRiD APT/425se
Õ % ¨% 8 >« : ÿ GRiD APT/450e GRiD MFP 425s+ GRiD MFP 433+ GRiD MFP 433s+ GRiD MFP 450+ GRiD MFP 466+ GRiD MFP/420s GRiD MFP/425s GRiD MFP/450 GRiD MFP/540 GVH 486DX2 66 Vesa Bus Hacker 486DX2/66 for NT Hancke & Peter 386w Professional Hancke & Peter 486/33w Professional Hancke & Peter 486/50w Professional Hancke & Peter 486/66w Professional Hancke & Peter 486w EISA Professional Harris Epoch 486/33 VESA Harris Epoch 486/50 EISA Harris Epoch 486/50 ISA Hauppauge 4860 EISA DX2-66 Ô % »% ? L© : G : G : ÿ Hauppauge 486M Local Bus DX2-66 Hertz 486/D50e Hertz 486/D50Ee Hertz 486/D66X2e Hertz 486/D66X2Ee Hewlett-Packard ® NetServer 4/33 LE Hewlett-Packard NetServer 4/33 LM Hewlett-Packard NetServer 4d/66 LE Hewlett-Packard NetServer 4d/66 LM Hewlett-Packard NetServer 4s/33 LE Hewlett-Packard NetServer 5/60 LM Hewlett-Packard Vectra ® 386/25 Hewlett-Packard Vectra 486/25T Hewlett-Packard Vectra 486/25U Hewlett-Packard Vectra 486/33N Hewlett-Packard Vectra 486/33ST û È ¨% ¶
% 3 4 : ÿ Hewlett-Packard Vectra 486/33T Hewlett-Packard Vectra 486/33U Hewlett-Packard Vectra 486/50U Hewlett-Packard Vectra 486/66 XM Hewlett-Packard Vectra 486/66ST Hewlett-Packard Vectra 486/66U Hewlett-Packard Vectra 486S/20 Hewlett-Packard Vectra 486s/25 MI Hewlett-Packard Vectra EtherLite 386 Hewlett-Packard Vectra EtherLite 486 Hewlett-Packard Vectra RS/25C HM Systems Minstrel Xpresso 486 Hyundai 425s Hyundai 433DDV Hyundai 466d2 Hyundai Prestige 433d e 4 »% % 1 2h H: G : G : ÿ IBM ® Eduquest TM Model 50 486DX/33 (9605-040) ¶
% 1
% ~ Ê1 : G : â¹1G : â¹1G : â¹1G : â¹1G : â¹1G : â¹1G : ÿ IBM PS/1 ® 2133-xxx 486SX/25 IBM PS/1 2133-xxx 486SX/33 IBM PS/1 2133A-xxx 486DX/33 4 IBM PS/1 2133A-xxx 486DX2/66 4 IBM PS/1 2133A-xxx 486SX/25 4 IBM PS/1 2133A-xxx 486SX/33 4 IBM PS/1 2155-xxx 486DX/33 IBM PS/1 2155-xxx 486DX2/50 IBM PS/1 2155-xxx 486DX2/66 IBM PS/1 2155-xxx 486SX/25 IBM PS/1 2155-xxx 486SX/33 IBM PS/1 2155A-xxx 486DX2/66 4 IBM PS/1 2155A-xxx 486SX/25 4 t % ¥% \ 1 â¹1: G : â¹1G : â¹1G : â¹1G : ÿ IBM PS/1 2155A-xxx 486SX/33 4 IBM PS/1 2168-xxx 486DX/33 IBM PS/1 2168-xxx 486DX2/50 IBM PS/1 2168-xxx 486DX2/66 IBM PS/1 2168-xxx 486SX/25 IBM PS/1 2168-xxx 486SX/33 IBM PS/1 2168A-xxx 486DX2/66 4 IBM PS/1 2168A-xxx 486SX/25 4 IBM PS/1 2168A-xxx 486SX/33 4 2 Í 1
% ã@% e Hâº1: G : G : âº1G : âº1G : âº1G : ÿ IBM PS/2 ® Model 50/50Z System Board Upgrade 486SLC2/50 5 IBM PS/2 Model 55/55SX System Board Upgrade 486SX/25 5 IBM PS/2 Model 56 8556-xxx 486SLC/20 IBM PS/2 Model 56 9556-xxx 486SLC2/50 IBM PS/2 Model 57 8557-xxx 486SLC/20 IBM PS/2 ¥% ã@% ## Model 57 9557-xxx 486SLC2/50 IBM PS/2 Model 60/80 System Board Upgrade 486DX/33 5 IBM PS/2 Model 70 8570-xxx 386DX/25 IBM PS/2 Model 70 8570-xxx 486DX/25 IBM PS/2 Model 70 System Board Upgrade 486DX/33 5 # ó ¥% C% 0 .ç H: ÿ IBM PS/2 Model 76 9576-xxx 486DX2/66 IBM PS/2 Model 76 9576-xxx 486SX/33 IBM PS/2 Model 77 9577-xxx 486DX2/66 IBM PS/2 Model 77 9577-xxx 486SX/33 IBM PS/2 Model 80 8580-xxx 386DX/25 IBM PS/2 Model 90 XP 486 8590-0H* 486SX/25 IBM PS/2 Model 90 XP 486 8590-0J* 486DX/25 IBM PS/2 Model 90 XP 486 8590-0K* 486DX/33 IBM PS/2 Model 90 XP 486 8590-0L* 486DX2/50 IBM PS/2 Model 90 XP 486 8590-xxx with 486DX2/66 processor upgrade IBM PS/2 Model 90 XP 486 8590-xxx with Enhanced 486DX/50 processor upgrade , ú ã@% 2E% 2 2õ H: G : ÿ IBM PS/2 Model 90 XP 486 8590-xxx with Enhanced 486DX2/66 processor upgrade IBM PS/2 Model 90 XP 486 8590-xxx with processor upgrade with Pentium TM Technology IBM PS/2 Model 90 XP 486 9590-0L* 486DX2/50 IBM PS/2 Model 90 XP 486 9590-xxx with 486DX2/66 processor upgrade IBM PS/2 Model 90 XP 486 9590-xxx with Enhanced 486DX/50 processor upgrade IBM PS/2 Model 90 XP 486 9590-xxx with Enhanced 486DX2/66 processor upgrade IBM PS/2 Model 90 XP 486 9590-xxx with processor upgrade with Pentium Technology 3 C% eG% . * H: ÿ IBM PS/2 Model 95 XP 486 8595-0H* 486SX/25 IBM PS/2 Model 95 XP 486 8595-0J* 486DX/25 IBM PS/2 Model 95 XP 486 8595-0K* 486DX/33 IBM PS/2 Model 95 XP 486 8595-0L* 486DX2/50 IBM PS/2 Model 95 XP 486 8595-0M* 486DX/50 IBM PS/2 Model 95 XP 486 8595-xxx with 486DX2/66 processor upgrade IBM PS/2 Model 95 XP 486 8595-xxx with Enhanced 486DX/50 processor upgrade IBM PS/2 Model 95 XP 486 8595-xxx with Enhanced 486DX2/66 processor upgrade IBM PS/2 Model 95 XP 486 8595-xxx with processor upgrade with Pentium Technology é 2E% |I% . *Ó H: ÿ IBM PS/2 Model 95 XP 486 9595-0L* 486DX2/50 IBM PS/2 Model 95 XP 486 9595-0M* 486DX/50 IBM PS/2 Model 95 XP 486 9595-xxx with 486DX2/66 processor upgrade IBM PS/2 Model 95 XP 486 9595-xxx with Enhanced 486DX/50 processor upgrade IBM PS/2 Model 95 XP 486 9595-xxx with Enhanced 486DX2/66 processor upgrade IBM PS/2 Model 95 XP 486 9595-xxx with processor upgrade with Pentium Technology IBM PS/2 Model P75 8573-xxx 486DX/33 IBM PS/2 Server 85 433 9585-0K* IBM PS/2 Server 85 466 9585-0N* Ö eG% J% 0 . H: G : ÿ IBM PS/2 Server 85 9585-0X* 486SX/33 IBM PS/2 Server 85 9585-0X* with 486DX2/66 processor upgrade IBM PS/2 Server 95 466 9595-1N* IBM PS/2 Server 95 560 9595-0PT IBM PS/2 Ultimedia TM DV M57 9557-xxx 486SLC2/50 ç |I% L% 0 .Ï : ÿ IBM PS/2 Ultimedia M57 8557-xxx 486SLC/20 IBM PS/2 Ultimedia M57 9557-xxx 486SLC2/50 IBM PS/2 Ultimedia M77 9577-xxx 486DX2/66 IBM PS/2 Ultimedia M77 9577-xxx 486SX/33 IBM PS/ValuePoint 425SX/D 6384-Fxx IBM PS/ValuePoint 425SX/S 6382-Fxx IBM PS/ValuePoint 433DX/D 6384-Mxx IBM PS/ValuePoint 433DX/S 6382-Mxx IBM PS/ValuePoint 433DX/T 6387-Mxx IBM PS/ValuePoint 433SX/D 6384-Kxx IBM PS/ValuePoint 433SX/S 6382-Kxx IBM PS/ValuePoint 466DX2/D 6384-Wxx IBM PS/ValuePoint 466DX2/T 6387-Wxx ÿ ¬ J% N% S tY : G : â¸1G : â¸1G : ÿ IBM ThinkPad TM 300 IBM ThinkPad 700C 3 IBM ThinkPad 720C 3 ICL Alfaskop Deskside m458 ICL ErgoPRO C4/33 ICL ErgoPRO D4/25 ICL ErgoPRO D4/33d ICL ErgoPRO D4/66d XG ICL ErgoPRO D5/60 ICL ErgoPRO E4/66d ICL System Platform CXe486/66 ICL System Platform CXe486i ICL System Platform CXe486s ICL System Platform FX486/33 ICL System Platform FX486/50 ICL System Platform FX486/66 Image 486DX/50 EISA Image 486DX2/66 VESA R - L% êN% % Z H: ÿ Index INDEXPORT 486 OVD 66 LOCAL BUS CACHE Ý N%
% : B» : G : ÿ Index INDEXPORT 486/33 Index INDEXPORT 486/33 VL VESA CACHE Index INDEXPORT 486/50 I CACHE Index INDEXPORT 486/50 VL VESA CACHE Inelco INTEL ® XPRESS 50MHZ Innovax Aurora 486DX/33 Insight 66 MHz EISA/VESA 486DX2 InsighêN%
% ## t 66 MHz ISA/VESA 486DX2 Intel Classic R-Series Intel L486 Series Professional Workstation Intel L486-Series/Professional GX Intel X486/50E Intel Xpress 486 Intelicom 486DX/33 EISA Intelicom 486DX/33 ISA Intelicom 486DX/33 VESA EISA Intelicom 486DX/33 VLB à êN% #% 6 :Á : ÿ Intelicom 486DX/50 EISA Intelicom 486DX/50 ISA Intelicom 486DX/50 VESA EISA Intelicom 486DX/50 VLB Intelicom 486DX2/50 EISA Intelicom 486DX2/50 ISA Intelicom 486DX2/50 VESA EISA Intelicom 486DX2/50 VLB Intelicom 486DX2/66 EISA Intelicom 486DX2/66 ISA Intelicom 486DX2/66 VESA EISA Intelicom 486DX2/66 VLB Intelicom 486SX/25 ISA Intelicom 486SX/25 VLB Intelicom 486SX/33 ISA INTERCOMP Digit 486SLC/25 INTERCOMP Entry 486/33 INTERCOMP Master 486DX/50 INTERCOMP Planet 486/50 EISA ê
% A % 4 6Õ : ÿ INTERCOMP Planet 486DX2/66 EISA INTERCOMP Planet LC 486/33 EISA INTERCOMP Target 486/33 INTERCOMP Target 486/50 VLB INTERCOMP Target 486DX/50 Intergraph PC 433 Intergraph PC 466 Intergraph Technical Desktop 1220 International Data DGI 486DX-66 International Data DGI ISA O/D 20 Investronica INVES BS-486 Investronica INVES BS-486 VL Investronica INVES IFS-486 Investronica INVES IFS-900 Investronica INVES MP-900 XM UniProcessor Investronica INVES WS-900 EVL Investronica INVES WS-900 VL Õ #% I% 3 4« : ÿ IPC DYNASTY G-PC 486DX-33CV IPC DYNASTY G-PC 486DX2-50CV IPC DYNASTY G-PC 486DX2-66CV IPC DYNASTY G-PC 486SX-25CV IPC DYNASTY HE 486DX-33C IPC DYNASTY HE 486DX2-66C IPC DYNASTY HE 486DX2-50C IPC DYNASTY HE 486SX-25C IPC DYNASTY LE 486DX-33 (incl. 33C) IPC DYNASTY LE 486DX2-50 (incl. 50C) IPC DYNASTY LE 486DX2-66 (incl. 66C) IPC DYNASTY LE 486SX-25 (incl. 25C) IPC DYNASTY S-PC 586DX-60CV IPC DYNASTY SE 486DX-33C IPC DYNASTY SE 486DX2-50C IPC DYNASTY SE 486DX2-66C Ú A % T% 1 0µ : ÿ IPC DYNASTY SE 486SX-25C Ipex 486DX2-66 Centra 1000 Ipex 486DX2-66 Centra 1000 EISA Ipex 486DX2-66 Centra 1000 EISA (Entry Level) Ipex 486DX2-66 Centra 1000 EISA/VL-BUS Ipex 486DX2-66 Centra 1000 VESA Ipex 486DX2-66 Centra 2000 Ipex 486DX2-66 Centra 2000 EISA Ipex 486DX2-66 Centra 2000 EISA (Entry Level) Ipex 486DX2-66 Centra 2000 EISA/VL-BUS Ipex 486DX2-66 Centra 2000 VESA Ipex 486DX2-66 Desktop Ipex 486DX2-66 Desktop (EISA) Ipex 486DX2-66 Desktop EISA (Entry Level) Ó I% X% 1 0§ : ÿ Ipex 486DX2-66 Desktop EISA/VL-BUS Ipex 486DX2-66 Desktop VESA Ipex 486DX2-66 Mini Tower Ipex 486DX2-66 Mini Tower EISA Ipex 486DX2-66 Mini Tower EISA (Entry Level) Ipex 486DX2-66 Mini Tower EISA/VL-BUS Ipex 486DX2-66 Mini-Tower VESA Ipex 486DX2-66 Slimline Ipex 486DX2-66 Slimline (WD Form Factor) Ipex 486DX33 Centra 1000 Ipex 486DX33 Centra 1000 EISA Ipex 486DX33 Centra 1000 EISA (Entry Level) Ipex 486DX33 Centra 1000 EISA/VL-BUS Ipex 486DX33 Centra 1000 VESA
Û T% e% 2 2· : ÿ Ipex 486DX33 Centra 2000 Ipex 486DX33 Centra 2000 EISA Ipex 486DX33 Centra 2000 EISA (Entry Level) Ipex 486DX33 Centra 2000 EISA/VL-BUS Ipex 486DX33 Centra 2000 VESA Ipex 486DX33 Desktop Ipex 486DX33 Desktop EISA Ipex 486DX33 Desktop EISA (Entry Level) Ipex 486DX33 Desktop EISA/VL-BUS Ipex 486DX33 Desktop VESA Ipex 486DX33 Mini Tower Ipex 486DX33 Mini Tower EISA Ipex 486DX33 Mini Tower EISA (Entry Level) Ipex 486DX33 Mini Tower VESA Ipex 486DX33 Mini-Tower EISA/VL-BUS â X% y% 2 2Å : ÿ Ipex 486DX33 Slimline Ipex 486DX33 Slimline (WD Form Factor) Ipex 486DX50 Centra 1000 Ipex 486DX50 Centra 1000 EISA Ipex 486DX50 Centra 1000 EISA (Entry Level) Ipex 486DX50 Centra 1000 EISA/VL-BUS Ipex 486DX50 Centra 1000 VESA Ipex 486DX50 Centra 2000 Ipex 486DX50 Centra 2000 EISA Ipex 486DX50 Centra 2000 EISA (Entry Level) Ipex 486DX50 Centra 2000 EISA/VL-BUS Ipex 486DX50 Centra 2000 VESA Ipex 486DX50 Desktop Ipex 486DX50 Desktop EISA Ipex 486DX50 Desktop EISA (Entry Level) Ú e% Á% 2 2µ : ÿ Ipex 486DX50 Desktop EISA/VL-BUS Ipex 486DX50 Desktop VESA Ipex 486DX50 Mini Tower Iy% Á% ## pex 486DX50 Mini Tower EISA Ipex 486DX50 Mini Tower EISA (Entry Level) Ipex 486DX50 Mini Tower VESA Ipex 486DX50 Mini-Tower EISA/VL-BUS Ipex 486DX50 Slimline Ipex 486DX50 Slimline (WD Form Factor) Ipex 486SX25 Centra 1000 Ipex 486SX25 Centra 1000 EISA Ipex 486SX25 Centra 1000 EISA (Entry Level) Ipex 486SX25 Centra 1000 EISA/VL-BUS Ipex 486SX25 Centra 1000 VESA Ipex 486SX25 Centra 2000 Ú y% Ã% 2 2µ : ÿ Ipex 486SX25 Centra 2000 EISA Ipex 486SX25 Centra 2000 EISA (Entry Level) Ipex 486SX25 Centra 2000 EISA/VL-BUS Ipex 486SX25 Centra 2000 VESA Ipex 486SX25 Desktop Ipex 486SX25 Desktop EISA Ipex 486SX25 Desktop EISA (Entry Level) Ipex 486SX25 Desktop EISA/VL-BUS Ipex 486SX25 Desktop VESA Ipex 486SX25 Mini Tower Ipex 486SX25 Mini Tower (EISA) Ipex 486SX25 Mini Tower EISA (Entry Level) Ipex 486SX25 Mini Tower VESA Ipex 486SX25 Mini-Tower EISA/VL-BUS Ipex 486SX25 Slimline Ô Á% ¢Å% 1 0© : ÿ Ipex 486SX25 Slimline (WD Form Factor) Ipex 486SX33 Centra 1000 EISA Ipex 486SX33 Centra 1000 EISA (Entry Level) Ipex 486SX33 Centra 1000 EISA/VL-BUS Ipex 486SX33 Centra 1000 ISA Ipex 486SX33 Centra 1000 VESA Ipex 486SX33 Centra 2000 EISA Ipex 486SX33 Centra 2000 EISA (Entry Level) Ipex 486SX33 Centra 2000 EISA/VL-BUS Ipex 486SX33 Centra 2000 ISA Ipex 486SX33 Centra 2000 VESA Ipex 486SX33 Desktop Ipex 486SX33 Desktop EISA Ipex 486SX33 Desktop EISA (Entry Level)
× Ã% ¯Ç% 6 :¯ : ÿ Ipex 486SX33 Desktop EISA/VL-BUS Ipex 486SX33 Desktop VESA Ipex 486SX33 Mini Tower EISA Ipex 486SX33 Mini Tower EISA (Entry Level) Ipex 486SX33 Mini Tower ISA Ipex 486SX33 Mini Tower VESA Ipex 486SX33 Mini-Tower EISA/VL-BUS Ipex 486SX33 Slimline Ipex 486SX33 Slimline (WD Form Factor) ITG NT 486DX-50 ISA ITOS KT 486/33 ITOS MT 386DX/40 JAI PC 845-66-32VL JDR V486-33 JDR V486-66 JDR V486SX-33 KT Technology KT386DX-33 KT Technology KT386DX-40 KT Technology KT486DX-33 Ù ¢Å% ¿É% 7 <³ : G : ÿ KT Technology KT486DX-50 KT Technology KT486DX2-50 VESA KT Technology KT486DX2-66 VESA LB L.E.M. Technologies Sys38640/M Leading Edge ® D4/DX-33 Plus DeskTop Leading Edge D4/DX-50 Plus DeskTop Leading Edge D4/DX2-50 Plus DeskTop Leading Edge D4/MTDX-33 MiniTower Leading Edge D4/MTDX-50 MiniTower Leading Edge D4/MTDX2-50 MiniTower Leading Edge D4/MTDX2-66 MiniTower Leading Edge D4/MTSX-25 MiniTower Leading Edge D4/MTSX-33 MiniTower Leading Edge D4/SX-25 Plus DeskTop æ ¯Ç% ×Ë% 2 2Í : ÿ Leading Edge D4/SX-33 Plus DeskTop Leading Edge WinPro 486/SLC33 Leading Edge WinPro 486/SX-25 Leading Edge WinPro 486e/DX-33 Leading Edge WinPro 486e/DX-33(VL) Leading Edge WinPro 486e/DX-50 Leading Edge WinPro 486e/DX2-50 Leading Edge WinPro 486e/DX2-50(VL) Leading Edge WinPro 486e/DX2-66 Leading Edge WinPro 486e/DX2-66(VL) Leading Edge WinPro 486e/SX-25 Leading Edge WinPro 486e/SX-25(VL) Leading Edge WinPro 486e/SX-33 Leading Edge WinPro 486e/SX-33(VL) Legacy 486DLC-33 SYSTEM á ¿É% ëÍ% 3 4à : ÿ Legacy VLB 486DX-33 Lucky Star System w/ Cyrix 486S-33 Lundin 400 Series 486 EISA w/ 486DX/50 Lundin 400 Series 486 ISA w/ 486DX/33 Lundin 400 Series 486 VESA w/ 486DX/33 Magitronic G-MD433L-170-4M Magitronic G-MD440G-130-4M Magitronic G-MD466L-210-4M Magitronic G-MS466L-10-16M Master Cascade 386-40 Small Desktop Master Cascade 486-33 Mini-Tower Maximus 486-50MHz Maxi-CAD Maximus Cyrix 486/40 VESA Local Bus MetaTech 486DX/33 ISA MetaTech 486DX/33 VESA MetaTech 486DX/50 EISA Ì ×Ë% & 8 > : G : ÿ Microbyte Lyrebird Model 451 Microbyte Lyrebird Model 455 Microbyte Lyrebird Model 457 Micron 486VL Magnum 433 DX Micron 486VL Magnum 433 SX Micron 486VL Magnum 450 DX2 Micron 486VL Magnum 466 DX2 Micron 486VL MagServer 433 DX Micron 486VL MagServer 450 DX2 Micron 486VL MagServer 466 DX2 Micron 486VL PowerStation TM 433 DX Micron 486VL PowerStation 433 SX Micron 486VL PowerStation 450 DX2 Micron 486VL PowerStation 466 DX2 Micron 486VL ValueLine 466 DX2 ëÍ% & ## ç ëÍ% && 3 4Ï : ÿ Micron 486VL WinServer 433 DX Micron 486VL WinServer 450 DX2 Micron 486VL WinServer 466 DX2 Micron 486VL WinStation 433 DX Micron 486VL WinStation 433 SX Micron 486VL WinStation 450 DX2 Micron 486VL WinStation 466 DX2 Midgards Micro ISA 486DX-33 Midwest Micro 486DX2/50 Vesa/ISA MIKROLOG OY Osborne 4280G-66 MIKROLOG OY Osborne IX5-60E MIKROLOG OY Osborne LP4D-33CLB MIKROLOG OY Osborne LP4D-33N MIKROLOG OY Osborne LP4D-50C MIKROLOG OY Osborne LP4D-50CLB MIKROLOG OY Osborne LP4D-50N Û & 5& 4 6· : ÿ MIKROLOG OY Osborne LP4D-66CLB MIKROLOG OY Osborne LP4D-66N MIKROLOG OY Osborne LP4S-25N MIKROLOG OY Osborne LP4S-33CLB MIKROLOG OY Osborne LP4S-33N MIKROLOG OY Osborne MT4D-33CLB MIKROLOG OY Osborne MT4D-33N MIKROLOG OY Osborne MT4D-50CLB MIKROLOG OY Osborne MT4D-50N MIKROLOG OY Osborne MT4D-66CLB MIKROLOG OY Osborne MT4D-66N MIKROLOG OY Osborne MT4S-25N MIKROLOG OY Osborne MT4S-33CLB MIKROLOG OY Osborne MT4S-33N MIND 386DX/33 ISA MIND 486DX/33 EISA MIND 486DX/33 ISA Õ && H& > J« : G : ÿ MIND 486DX/50 EISA MIND 486DX/50 ISA MIND 486DX2/50 EISA MIND 486DX2/50 ISA MIND 486DX2/66 EISA MIND 486DX2/66 ISA MIND 486SX/25 EISA MIND 486SX/25 ISA MIND 486SX/33 EISA MIND 486SX/33 ISA MiTAC DM4066 Modular MST/200 Monydata Entry 486/33 Monydata Modula 200/80 Monydata Station 486/80 Multitech ProSpec 486DX-50 PS450DE-ST Mustek BROTHER BCM3486DX2-VL Mustek BROTHER BCM4486DX-VL Mustek MECER3486-VL Mustek MECER7486-VL National Instruments TM VXIpc-486 Model 200 È 5& L& < F : G : ÿ National Instruments VXIpc-486 Model 500 NCR StarStation NCR System 3000 Model 3230 NCR System 3000 Model 3314 NCR System 3000 Model 3330 NCR System 3000 Model 3333 NCR System 3000 Model 3335 NCR System 3000 Model 3345 NCR System 3000 Model 3350 NCR System 3000 Model 3355 NCR System 3000 Model 3410 NCR System 3000 Model 3445 NCR System 3000 Model 3447 NEC ® Express II NEC Image 425 NEC Image 433 NEC Image 466 NEC PowerMate 386/25S NEC PowerMate 425 × H& b
& ? L¯ : G : ÿ NEC PowerMate 433 NEC PowerMate 466 NEC PowerMate 486/33e NEC PowerMate 486/33i NEC PowerMate 486/50e NEC PowerMate 486/50i NEC PowerMate 486sx/25e NEC PowerMate DX2/66e NEC UltraLite TM Versa NETiS 386DX/40 ISA NETiS 486DX/33 ISA NETiS 486DX/33 VL NETiS 486DX/33 VL EISA NETiS 486DX/50 VL NETiS 486DX/50 VL EISA NETiS 486DX2/50 VL EISA NETiS 486DX2/66 ISA NETiS 486DX2/66 VL NETiS 486DX2/66 VL EISA NETiS 486SX/33 VL NETiS Ultra 486DX/33 ISA NETiS Ultra 486DX/50 ISA ß L& u & 4 6¿ : ÿ NETiS Ultra 486DX2/66 ISA NETiS Ultra 486DX2/66 VL NETiS Ultra 486SX/25 ISA NETiS Ultra N433VL NETiS Ultra N450VL Network Connection M2 Network Connection T-3000 Network Connection T-4000 Network Connection TNX Network Connection Triumph T.R.A.C. Network Connection Triumph T.S.C.V Nimrod DESKTOP 486DX/33 VESA VL Nimrod DESKTOP 486DX2/66 ISA Nimrod LC-DESKTOP 486DX/33 VESA VL Nimrod LC-DESKTOP 486DX2/66 ISA Nimrod MINI-TOWER 486DX/33 VESA VL Nimrod MINI-TOWER 486DX2/66 ISA × b
& & ; D¯ : G : ÿ Nimrod TOWER 486DX/33 VESA VL Nimrod TOWER 486DX2/66 ISA NORTH-EAST NE Micro 433LV NORTH-EAST NE Micro 450LV NORTH-EAST NE Micro 466LV Northern Micro NM486/66VL Northgate ® 486/33 Northgate 486/33 Slimline ZXP Northgate 486/33 VESA ISA Northgate 486/33e Baby AT Northgate Elegance 333 Northgate Elegance 425i Northgate Elegance 433e Northgate Elegance 433i Northgate Elegance SP 386/33 Northgate Elegance SP 433 Northgate Elegance ZXP Northwest Micro Signature I 4/33
È u & @& B R : G : ÿ Northwest Micro Signature II 4/33 VLB OKI if Server 466/SL OKI if Station 425/DL OKI if Station 433/DE OKI if486VX550D Olidata P/60 Olivetti ® LSX5010 Olivetti LSX5015 Olivetti LSX5020 Olivetti LSX5025 Olivetti LSX5025 E Olivetti M300-28 Olivetti M300-30 Olivetti M300-30P Olivetti M380-40 Olivetti M4-46 Oliv& @& ## etti M4-62 Olivetti M4-65 Olivetti M4-66 Olivetti M400-10 Olivetti M400-40 Olivetti M400-60 Olivetti M480-10 Olivetti M480-20 Olivetti M480-40 Þ & ³B& 8 >½ : ÿ Olivetti M6-420 Olivetti M6-440 Olivetti M6-460 Olivetti M6-620 Olivetti M6-860 Olympia Olystar 300D-33 Olympia Olystar 400D-33 Olympia Olystar 400D-33 EISA Olympia Olystar 400D-50 Olympia Olystar 400D-66 Olympia Olystar 400D-66 EISA Olympia Olystar 400S-25 Olympia Olystar 400S-33SL Omni Tech 9600 486DX2-66 Optima OCT 486DX2-50 VL Optima OCT 486DX250 EISA Optima OCT 486DX266 EISA Optima OCT 486DX266 VL Optima OCT 486DX33 EISA Optima OCT 486DX33 VL Optima OCT 486DX50 EISA
Ô @& ½D& 6 :© : ÿ Optima OCT 486DX50 VL Optima OCT 486SX25 EISA Optima OCT 486SX25 VL Optima SPRINTER 486DX250 EISA Optima SPRINTER 486SX25 EISA Optimus 486DX/50 EISA Optimus 486DX/50 LocalBus Optimus 486DX2/50 VL Optimus 486DX2/66 Optimus 486SX/25 VL Osborne EISA 486DX50 Fileserver Osborne Mpower 486DX2-66 Osborne Mpower3 486DX33 Osborne Mpower3 486SX33 Osborne Mpower4 486DX33 Osborne Mpower4 486SX33 Osicom 4133L 486/DX266 VESA LB Osicom 4133L 486/DX33 VESA LB Packard Bell 1110 Í ³B& ÄF& : B : ÿ Packard Bell 1120 Packard Bell 1150 Packard Bell 2050 Packard Bell 400T Packard Bell 470 Packard Bell 485 Packard Bell 486CDM Packard Bell 486DX/33 Packard Bell 486SX/25 Packard Bell 495 Packard Bell 515E Packard Bell 525E Packard Bell 545E Packard Bell 550 Packard Bell 560 Packard Bell 565E Packard Bell AXCEL 1033 Packard Bell AXCEL 105 Packard Bell AXCEL 1066 Packard Bell AXCEL 130 Packard Bell AXCEL 2005 Packard Bell AXCEL 2015 Packard Bell AXCEL 2033 ¸ ½D& |G& ( ! : ÿ Packard Bell AXCEL 205 Packard Bell AXCEL 2066 MINITOWER Packard Bell AXCEL 230 Packard Bell AXCEL 405 (incl. H model) Packard Bell AXCEL 410 ¨ ÄF& $H& ( H: ÿ Packard Bell AXCEL 410E (incl. H, F and W G models) Packard Bell AXCEL 420 Packard Bell AXCEL 450G (incl. H, J and TJ models) Z |G& I& / ,µ : ÿ Packard Bell AXCEL 460 Packard Bell AXCEL 460H (incl. TJ model) Packard Bell AXCEL 486/33 Packard Bell AXCEL 486A66 Packard Bell AXCEL 486SX Packard Bell AXCEL 530 Packard Bell AXCEL 533H (incl. J and TJ models) Packard Bell AXCEL 533STJ Packard Bell AXCEL 550 Packard Bell AXCEL 550MT/J Packard Bell AXCEL 570 Packard Bell AXCEL 630 MINITOWER & ö $H& ÓK& 0 .í H: ÿ Packard Bell AXCEL 666J (incl. TJ and TL models) Packard Bell AXCEL 850 Packard Bell EXECUTIVE 486/33 (incl. ELITE model) Packard Bell EXECUTIVE 486/33 G (incl. J model) Packard Bell EXECUTIVE 486DX2/JW (incl. TY model) Packard Bell EXECUTIVE 486SX (incl. -2F and -G models) Packard Bell EXECUTIVE 486SX ELITE (incl. SERIES SI model) Packard Bell EXECUTIVE 486SX-EC Packard Bell EXECUTIVE 486SX/FW (incl. /HW model) Packard Bell EXECUTIVE 486SX250 Packard Bell EXECUTIVE 486XE (incl. C and S models) Õ I& ÜM& 4 6« : ÿ Packard Bell EXECUTIVE Elite Series 486SXCC Packard Bell FORCE 1066 Packard Bell FORCE 107 Packard Bell FORCE 110 Packard Bell FORCE 1135 Packard Bell FORCE 1137 Packard Bell FORCE 117 Packard Bell FORCE 200 Packard Bell FORCE 2010 Packard Bell FORCE 2020 Packard Bell FORCE 2040 MINITOWER Packard Bell FORCE 2233 MINITOWER Packard Bell FORCE 2376 (incl. F model) Packard Bell FORCE 2386 MINITOWER Packard Bell FORCE 250 Packard Bell FORCE 405 Packard Bell FORCE 425 é ÓK& & / ,Ó H: ÿ Packard Bell FORCE 486 SX (incl. E, -M1, and -M130 models) Packard Bell FORCE 486/25 Packard Bell FORCE 486/33 (incl. +, E, -M1, and -M210 models) Packard Bell FORCE 486/33G (incl. J, JW, and PLUS models) Packard Bell FORCE 48625 (incl. EX model) Packard Bell FORCE 486CDM-1/TV Packard Bell FORCE 486DX/DJ-W (incl. G-W, H, H2, J and JT-W models) Packard Bell FORCE 486DX2 -WG Packard Bell FORCE 486DX2/EJT (incl. W model) Packard Bell FORCE 486DX2/F JT (incl. JT-W, J-W and LT-W models) ÜM& & ## ; ÜM& G& + $! H: ÿ Packard Bell FORCE 486DX2/G-W Packard Bell FORCE 486MT50J Packard Bell FORCE 486SX (incl. /20, /20G, E, M1, and M130 models) Packard Bell FORCE 486SX-WG Packard Bell FORCE 486SX/25 (incl. G and W models) Packard Bell FORCE 486SX/BE (incl. FW, FW-2, M, MM and H2 models) Ò & I& 0 .¥ : ÿ Packard Bell FORCE 486SX/OH-W Packard Bell FORCE 515 Packard Bell FORCE 515S (incl. PLUS model) Packard Bell FORCE 525 (incl. B and S models) Packard Bell FORCE 545 (incl. B and S models) Packard Bell FORCE 565 (incl. S model) Packard Bell FORCE 600 (incl. B and S models) Packard Bell FORCE 715 MINITOWER Packard Bell FORCE T66 Packard Bell LEGEND 102H (incl. ELITE model) Packard Bell LEGEND 1066 WG ELITE Packard Bell LEGEND 1133 Packard Bell LEGEND 1134 ELITE à G& ^ & 5 8Á : ÿ Packard Bell LEGEND 1135 Packard Bell LEGEND 1136 Packard Bell LEGEND 115 Packard Bell LEGEND 1166 Packard Bell LEGEND 1176 Packard Bell LEGEND 120 Packard Bell LEGEND 125 Packard Bell LEGEND 126 ELITE Packard Bell LEGEND 127 Packard Bell LEGEND 128 Packard Bell LEGEND 135 (incl. H model) Packard Bell LEGEND 140 Packard Bell LEGEND 1900 Packard Bell LEGEND 1910 Packard Bell LEGEND 2000 Packard Bell LEGEND 2001 Packard Bell LEGEND 2002 ELITE Packard Bell LEGEND 2011 SUPREME Å I& #& 0 .+ : ÿ Packard Bell LEGEND 2025 Packard Bell LEGEND 207 Packard Bell LEGEND 2133 MINITOWER Packard Bell LEGEND 2135 MINITOWER Packard Bell LEGEND 2176 ELITE MT Packard Bell LEGEND 2266 MINITOWER Packard Bell LEGEND 2270 MINITOWER Packard Bell LEGEND 2276 MINITOWER Packard Bell LEGEND 2300 MINITOWER Packard Bell LEGEND 233 Packard Bell LEGEND 234 ELITE Packard Bell LEGEND 245 Packard Bell LEGEND 33T SUPREME Ü ^ & 1& 2 2¹ H: ÿ Packard Bell LEGEND 33T SUPREME MINITOWER Packard Bell LEGEND 430 G (incl. WG and F models) Packard Bell LEGEND 430 WG ELITE Packard Bell LEGEND 430E (incl. E2 and EL models) Packard Bell LEGEND 435E ELITE (incl. 2 ELITE model) Packard Bell LEGEND 440G Packard Bell LEGEND 445 G ELITE (incl. G 2 ELITE model) Packard Bell LEGEND 486CDM-1/TV Packard Bell LEGEND 486T/50 Packard Bell LEGEND 510H Packard Bell LEGEND 605H ELITE Packard Bell LEGEND 625 Packard Bell LEGEND 635J { U #& ¬& & ª H: ÿ Packard Bell LEGEND 635TJ ELITE Packard Bell LEGEND 660 (incl. H and ELITE models) ß 1& ½& 2 2¿ : ÿ Packard Bell LEGEND 660H Packard Bell LEGEND 660TJ (incl. H model) Packard Bell LEGEND 66D SUPREME Packard Bell LEGEND 66T SUPREME Packard Bell LEGEND 670 Packard Bell LEGEND 695 SUPREME Packard Bell LEGEND 700 (incl. ELITE model) Packard Bell LEGEND 740 Packard Bell LEGEND 747 MINITOWER Packard Bell LEGEND 750 SUPREME Packard Bell LEGEND 760 SUPREME Packard Bell LEGEND 770 (incl. ELITE model) Packard Bell LEGEND 780 Packard Bell LEGEND 780 SUPREME Packard Bell LEGEND 790 î ¿ ¬& «& / , H: ÿ Packard Bell LEGEND 800 SUPREME (incl. 800+) Packard Bell LEGEND 800 SUPREME/50 Packard Bell LEGEND 840 MINITOWER Packard Bell LEGEND 845 MINITOWER Packard Bell LEGEND 848 MINITOWER Packard Bell LEGEND 900 F (incl. F-ELITE and G models) Packard Bell LEGEND 920SX SUPREME Packard Bell LEGEND 925 G (incl. G ELITE and J model) Packard Bell LEGEND 933 G (incl. G ELITE, J, J ELITE and J+) Packard Bell LEGEND 950 ELITE (incl. J and J ELITE models) m I ½& & $ : ÿ Packard Bell LEGEND 960TJ Packard Bell LEGEND 966J (incl. ELITE model) R «& & - (¥ H: ÿ Packard Bell LEGEND 966TJ (incl. TJ ELITE, TJ2 ELITE, TJ-W ELITE, WG and TZ models) Packard Bell LEGEND M950 Packard Bell LEGEND MT950 (incl. J model) Packard Bell LEGEND T66 Packard Bell PACKMATE 486/33G (incl. J model) Packard Bell PACKMATE 486/E Packard Bell PACKMATE 48625 Packard Bell PACKMATE 486DX/33 Y (incl. Y-W and X models) Ú & ªÁ& - (µ : ÿ Packard Bell PACKMATE 486DX2/50TY (incl. TY-W model) Packar& ªÁ& ## d Bell PACKMATE 486DX2/T Z - W (incl. Y model) Packard Bell PACKMATE 486DX33/T Y (incl. /TY-W model) Packard Bell PACKMATE 486SX Packard Bell PACKMATE 486SX/20 E (incl. F, and G models) Packard Bell PACKMATE 486SX/25G Packard Bell PACKMATE 486SX/25W (incl. TG model) Packard Bell PACKMATE 486SX/33X (incl. X2 and TM models) Packard Bell PACKMATE 486SX25U (incl. U2 and X models) Packard Bell PACKMATE 733 C MT Ð & ¶Ã& < F¡ : G : ÿ Packard Bell PACKMATE X225 Packard Bell PACKMATE X230 Packard Bell PACKMATE X233 Packard Bell PACKMATE X240 Packard Bell PACKMATE X250 (incl. Y model) Packard Bell PACKMATE XT266 PC House Micro Q 486dx2-66 PC Tech Zeos ® Upgradable PC-Brand Leader 486dx/33 Cache PC-Brand Leader 486dx2/66 Cache PC-Brand NB 486slc Peacock 486DX 50 Pionex 486DX/33 VL Pionex 486DX2/50 VL Pionex 486DX2/66 EISA/VL Pionex 486DX2/66 VL Pionex 486SX/25 VL Poly 486-33VZ Poly 486-50E â ªÁ& ÓÅ& ; DÅ : ÿ Poly 486-66E Poly 486-66EV Poly 486-66VI Poly 486-66VL Poly 486SX-25Y Poly 486SX-33VL Positive by Tandon 486dx/33 Positive by Tandon 486dx2/66 Precision 486/50 EISA Precision 486/50F Precision 486/66 EISA VL-Bus Precision 486/66 VL-Bus Precision 486/66E Primax 425SVI Primax 433VI Primax 450VE Primax 450VI Primax 466VI Primax 486/33E Primax 486/66E Procomp TW 9300 Professional Concepts Beeker 4-33/VL2 Professional Concepts Beeker 4-50/VL2 Professional Concepts Beeker 4-66/VL2 ç ¶Ã& íÇ& 3 4Ï : ÿ Professional Concepts Beeker 6900 Professional Concepts Quinn 4-33/VLE Professional Concepts Quinn 4-50/VLE Professional Concepts Quinn 4-66/VLE Professional Concepts Saavij 4-33/VL3 Professional Concepts Saavij 4-50/VL3 Professional Concepts Saavij 4-66/VL3 Progen 466 Protech 486-66Mhz EISA Protech 486-66Mhz EISA/VL Protech 486-66Mhz ISA Protech 486-66Mhz ISA/VL QNIX OMNI486DX2/66 Quadrant 486DX/33 VESA LOCAL BUS Quadrant 486DX/50 VESA LOCAL BUS Quadrant 486DX2/66 VESA LOCAL BUS G ÓÅ& 4Ê& E X : âº1G : ÿ Quadrant 486SX/25 VESA LOCAL BUS Quadrant 486SX/33 VESA LOCAL BUS Quantex 486DX/33 VL Quantex 486DX2/50 VL Quantex 486DX2/66 EISA/VL Quantex 486DX2/66 VL Quantex 486SX/25 VL Quattro Prompt4 Radisys EPC-23 Radisys EPC-4 Radisys EPC-5 Radisys EPC-7 Rask REC 486-50F RDIpc i486DX2/66c Eisa RDIpc i486DX2/66c Isa RDIpc i486DX2/66c VL Bus Repco Data R33B486 Repco Data Turbo APM-420 DX Repco Data Turbo APM-425 DX Repco Data Turbo APM-433 Reply Model 32 Reply PS/2 Model 50/50Z System Board Upgrade 486SLC2/50 5 Å íÇ& KÌ& R r âº1: G : âº1G : âº1G : ÿ Reply PS/2 Model 55/55SX System Board Upgrade 486/25 5 Reply PS/2 Model 60/80 System Board Upgrade 486/33 5 Reply PS/2 Model 70 System Board Upgrade 486/33 5 Research Machines RM E Series QE-486/33 Research Machines RM S Series PC-486/25SX Research Machines RM SystemBase 486/33 Research Machines RM V Series V466 Rolta ROLTASTATION 433E Rose Computer Cidex 386DX-40 ISA(AMD) Rose Computer Cidex 486DX-40 ISA Samsung DeskMaster 486/33P ¸ 4Ê& aÎ& ^ q : â»1G : G : â»1G : â»1G : ÿ Samsung DeskMaster 486D2/66E Samsung DeskMaster 486S/25N Sanyo MBC-19te SCA Professional 3486DX2/66 VLB SCA Professional 486DX 50 VLB SCA Professional 486DX2/66 VLB Seanix ASI 948633VM Seanix ASI 948650VM Seanix ASI 9DX266VM Sequent ® WinServer 1000up 6 Sequent WinServer 1500up 6 Sequent WinServer 3000up 6 Shuttle 486VL 50 Sidus Formula 486/33i Sidus Formula 486/50e Siemens-Nixdorf PCD-3M/25 Siemens-Nixdorf PCD-3T/33 Ú KÌ& | ' 5 8µ : ÿ Siemens-Nixdorf PCD-4G/33 Siemens-Nixdorf PCD-4G/66 Siemens-Nixdorf PCD-4GSX/25 Siemens-Nixdorf PCD-4H/66 Siemens-Nixdorf PCD-4HSX Siemens-Nixdorf PCD-4LSL Siemens-Nixdorf PCD-4LSX Siemens-Nixdorf PCD-4T/33 Siemens-Nixdorf PCD-4T/66 Siemens-Nixdorf PCE-4C/DX2-66 Siemens-Nixdorf PCE-4C/SX25 Siemens-Nixdorf PCE-4R/33 Siemens-Nixdorf PCE-4RSX/25 Siemens-Nixdorf aÎ& | ' ## PCE-4T/66 Siemens-Nixdorf PCE-5S/60 Silicon Star AV4 486DX2/66 Silicon Star AV4 486DX33 Silicon Star AV4 50MHz à aÎ& ' 2 2Á : ÿ Sirex Eaton 486DX-33 EISA/LocalBus Sirex PowerMaster 486DX-33 EISA/VLB Sirex PowerMaster 486DX2-50 EISA/VLB Sirex PowerMaster 486DX2-66 EISA/VLB Sirex SpeedMaster 486DX-33 ISA Sirex SpeedMaster 486DX-33 LocalBus Sirex SpeedMaster 486DX-50 ISA Sirex SpeedMaster 486DX2-50 ISA Sirex SpeedMaster 486DX2-50 LocalBus Sirex SpeedMaster 486DX2-66 ISA Sirex SpeedMaster 486DX2-66 LocalBus Sirex SpeedMaster 486SX-33 LocalBus SKAI 486DX/50VL SKAI 486DX2/66EVL Softworks Citus MDC 386-33 Ô | ' ' 4 6© : ÿ Softworks Citus MDC 486DX-33 Softworks Citus MDC 486DX-50 Softworks Citus MDC 486DX2-50 Softworks Citus MDC 486DX2-66 Softworks Citus MDC X 486 50 SRC Systems 486DX2/66 VESA LOCAL BUS SRC Systems GRAPHICSTATION SRC Systems High Performance SCSI 66MHz Standard Computronics HIPPO-VL 486DX2-66 VESA LOCAL BUS STD 4D250 STD 4D33 STD 4DV266 SuperCom Touch TI433 SuperCom Touch TI450 SuperCom Touch TI466 Svensk LAPLINE DeskTop 462 (incl. MiniTower Model) Swan 486/33DB Ë ' ' 8 > : ÿ Swan 486/33V Swan 486/50ES Swan 486/66ES Swan 486DX/33 EISA-DB Swan 486DX2/50DB Swan 486DX2/66 EISA-DB Swan 486DX2/66DB Swan 486SX/25DB Swan 486SX/25V Syncomp Mega+386i 40 PC Syncomp Mega+486DX2/50e PC Syncomp Mega+486DX2/50i PC Syncomp Mega+486DX2/66e PC Syncomp Mega+486DX2/66i PC Syncomp Mega+486e-33 PC Syncomp Mega+486e-50 PC Syncomp Mega+486i-33 PC Syncomp Mega+486i-50 PC Syncomp Mega+486SXe-25 PC Syncomp Mega+486SXi 33 PC Syncomp Mega+486SXi-25 PC Í ' ' 5 8 : ÿ Syncomp Micro 386i 40 PC Syncomp Micro 486DX2/50i PC Syncomp Micro 486i-33 PC Syncomp Micro 486i-50 PC Syncomp Micro 486SXi-25 PC Syncomp Mini 386i-40PC Syncomp Mini 486-50i PC Syncomp Mini 486DX2/50e PC Syncomp Mini 486DX2/50i PC Syncomp Mini 486DX2/66e PC Syncomp Mini 486DX2/66i PC Syncomp Mini 486e-33 PC Syncomp Mini 486e-50 PC Syncomp Mini 486i-33 PC Syncomp Mini 486SXe-25 PC Syncomp Mini 486SXi-25 PC Syncomp Mini 486SXi-33 PC Syncomp Mini+386i 40 PC Ü ' ®
' 7 <¹ : ÿ Syncomp Mini+486DX2/50e PC Syncomp Mini+486DX2/50i PC Syncomp Mini+486DX2/66e PC Syncomp Mini+486DX2/66i PC Syncomp Mini+486e-33 PC Syncomp Mini+486e-50 PC Syncomp Mini+486i 33 PC Syncomp Mini+486i-50 PC Syncomp Mini+486SXe-25 PC Syncomp Mini+486SXi 33 PC Syncomp Mini+486SXi-25 PC Sys Technology ST486DX-33VM T-DATA LIN 486-33 DX T-DATA LIN 486-50 DX Tandon 486dx/33 Tandon 486dx2/66 Tandon MCSII 486dx/33 Tandon MCSII 486dx/33c Tandon MCSII 486dx2/66c Tandon NII 486dx/33 É ' ¶ ' ? L : G : ÿ Tandon PACII plus 486dx2/66 Tandon PCAII 486dx2/66 Tandon PCAII 486sx/25 Tandon Profile 486dx/33 Tandon TargetII 486dx2/66 Tandon TargetII 486sx/25 Tandon Tower 486dx2/66e Tandon TowerII 486dx2/66 Tandy ® 3100 Tandy 425 SX Tandy 433 DX Tandy 433 SX Tandy 450 DX2 Tandy 466 DX2 Tandy 4825 SX Tandy 4833 LX/T Tandy 4850 EP Tandy 4866 LX/T Tandy Omni Profile II 425 SX Tandy Omni Profile II 433 DX Tandy Omni Profile II 433 SX Tandy Omni Profile II 450 DX2 â ®
' Î' 6 :Å : ÿ Tandy Omni Profile II 466 DX2 Tandy Onmi II MT 425 SX Tandy Onmi II MT 433 DX Tandy Onmi II MT 433 SX Tandy Onmi II MT 450 DX2 Tandy Onmi II MT 466 DX2 Tangent 486DX/33 EISA Tangent 486DX/33 ISA Tatung TCS-8460S 386SX/25 Tatung TCS-9300T 486DX2/66 Tatung TCS-9360T 486DX/33 Tatung TCS-9370T 486DX2/66 Tatung TCS-9510 486DX/33 Tatung TCS-9540 486DX/33 Tatung TCS-9620E 486DX2/66 Tatung TCS-9650E 486DX2/66 Tatung TCS-9700 486DLC/40 Tatung TCS-9910S 486SLC/33 Techway Endeavour E62 ¶ ' á@' g A : â¸1G : G : G : â¸1G : â¸1G : G : ÿ Techway Endeavour E62VL Techway Endeavour E77 Techway Endeavour E77VL Techway Endeavour E84 Techway Endeavour E84VL TELEMECANIQUE FTX507-6B TELEMECANIQUE FTX507-8C Texas Instruments ® TravelMate TM 4Î' á@' ## 000 Color Series 3 Texas Instruments TravelMate 4000 Series 3 Texas Instruments TravelMate 4000 WinDX2 3 TFE Atlantic 486 DX 50Mhz Tiki-Data PC UNIVERSAL Toshiba ® Satellite T1900C Toshiba T4400SX Ë Î' ïB' C T : â¼1G : ÿ Toshiba T4500 Toshiba T4600C Toshiba T6400SX Toshiba T6600C Multimedia Computer 7 Tri-Star Tri-Win Station Tri-Star TriCAD 486/66 TriGem 486/33MM (incl. 486 /P (Type 30) model) TriGem 486/50F TriGem 486/66F TriGem 486/66VC TriGem 486DX2/50MM (incl. 486 /P (Type 40) model) TriGem 486DX2/66MM (incl. 486 /P (Type 50) model) TriGem 486P/T15V TriGem 486P/T25V TriGem 486P/T35V TriGem 486P/T55V TriGem 486VC TriGem 4DX/33 ML TriGem 4DX/33ME TriGem 4DX2/50 Ñ á@' úD' : B£ : G : ÿ TriGem 4DX2/50ME TriGem 4DX2/66 ML TriGem 4DX2/66ME TriGem 4SX/25 ML TriGem 4SX/25ME TriGem 4SX/33 ML TriGem 4SX/33ME TriGem 586T TriGem SX486/25C TriGem SX486/25MM (incl. 486 /P (Type 10 and 12) models) TriGem SX486/33MM (incl. 486 /P (Type 20) model) Tulip ® Vision Line DS 486 dx/50i Tulip Vision Line DS/DE 486 dx/33i Tulip Vision Line DT/DC 486 DX/33i Tulip Vision Line DT/DC 486 DX/50i Tulip Vision Line DT/DC 486 DX/66i Tulip Vision Line series 486DX-33i ä ïB' G' 5 8É : ÿ Tulip Vision Line series 486DX-50i Tulip Vision Line series 486DX-66e Tulip Vision Line Series 486DX-66i TWINHEAD Superset 700 U.S. Micro Jet 386-33 U.S. Micro Jet 386-40 U.S. Micro Jet 486-33 U.S. Micro Jet 486-50 U.S. Micro Jet 486DLC-33 U.S. Micro Jet 486DX2-50 U.S. Micro Jet 486DX2-66 U.S. Micro Jet 486SX-25 U.S. Micro Jet EISA 486-33 U.S. Micro Jet EISA 486-50 U.S. Micro Jet EISA 486DX2-50 U.S. Micro Jet EISA 486DX2-66 U.S. Micro Jet EISA 486SX-25 U.S. Micro Jet VL 486-50 Ý úD' ,I' < F» : G : ÿ U.S. Micro Jet VL 486DX2-50 U.S. Micro Jet VL 486DX2-66 U.S. Micro Jet VL 486SX-25 U.S. Micro Jet VL486-33 Ultra-Comp 486DX-33 Ultra-Comp 486DX-33 EISA VLB Ultra-Comp 486DX-33 VLB Ultra-Comp 486DX-50 Ultra-Comp 486DX-50 EISA VLB Ultra-Comp 486DX-50 VLB Ultra-Comp 486DX2-66 Ultra-Comp 486DX2-66 EISA VLB Ultra-Comp 486DX2-66 VLB Unidata 486 66 Mhz ISA Unisys ® PW2 3336 Unisys PW2 Advantage 3256 Unisys PW2 Advantage 3336 Unisys PW2 Advantage 4163 Unisys PW2 Advantage 4253 Ô G' 5K' 5 8© : ÿ Unisys PW2 Advantage 4256 Unisys PW2 Advantage 4336 Unisys PW2 Advantage 4506 Unisys PW2 Advantage 46662 Unisys PW2 Advantage Plus 4668 Unisys PW2 Advantage Plus 5606 Unisys PW2 Advantage Plus 5608 US Logic Falcon II Single Board Computer Vektron VL 486DX/33 Vektron VL 486DX2/50 Business Multimedia Vektron VL 486DX2/66 Professional Multimedia Victor 400 DX/50 Victor 400 SX/25 Victor 486 DX/66 Victor 486DX/33 Victor DX/50 Victor V486DSX/25 Viglen Contender 4DX33 Ñ ,I' 9M' 3 4£ : ÿ Viglen EX-Series 4DX50 Viglen Genie 4DX66 Vobis 4386 VIO SX25 Vobis 486 VC-HD 33 Vobis 486 VC-HD 50 Vobis 486 VIO 66 Vtech Expo-Tech 486DX/3 Mini (w/VLBUS) Vtech Expo-Tech 486DX2/6 Mini (w/VLBUS) Vtech Expo-Tech 486SX/4 Mini (w/VLBUS) Vtech LASER 386 Ultra Slim Vtech LASER 486DX/3 Desktop Vtech LASER 486DX/3 Desktop (w/LBVGA) Vtech LASER 486DX/3 Desktop (w/VLBUS) Vtech LASER 486DX/3 Mini (w/VLBUS) Vtech LASER 486DX/3 Tower Vtech LASER 486DX/3 Tower (w/VLBUS) ä 5K' NO' 1 0É : ÿ Vtech LASER 486DX2/4 Desktop Vtech LASER 486DX2/4 Desktop (w/LBVGA) Vtech LASER 486DX2/4 Desktop (w/VLBUS) Vtech LASER 486DX2/4 Tower Vtech LASER 486DX2/4 Tower (w/VLBUS) Vtech LASER 486DX2/6 Desktop Vtech LASER 486DX2/6 Desktop (w/LBVGA) Vtech LASER 486DX2/6 Desktop (w/VLBUS) Vtech LASER 486DX2/6 Mini (w/VLBUS) Vtech LASER 486DX2/6 Tower Vtech LASER 486DX2/6 Tower (w/VLBUS) Vtech LASER 486SX/3 Desktop Vtech LASER 486SX/3 Desktop (w/LBVGA) Vtech LASER 486SX/3 Desktop (w/VLBUS)
Õ 9M' g' 8 >« : G : ÿ Vtech LASER 486SX/3 Tower Vtech LASER 486SX/3 Ultra Slim Vtech LASER 486SX/3 Ultra Slim (w/LBVGA) Vtech LASER 486SX/4 DesNO' g' ## ktop Vtech LASER 486SX/4 Desktop (w/LBVGA) Vtech LASER 486SX/4 Desktop (w/VLBUS) Vtech LASER 486SX/4 Mini (w/VLBUS) Vtech LASER 486SX/4 Tower Vtech LASER 486SX/4 Ultra Slim Vtech LASER 486SX/4 Ultra Slim (w/LBVGA) Vtech LASER LT322 Notebook Vtech LASER LT421 Notebook Vtech Platinum SMP Wang ® Microsystems ASI-CPU-E266 Wang Microsystems DTE-33 ë NO' ' 4 6× : ÿ Wang Microsystems PC 350/40C Western 486V25 SX VESA LOCAL BUS Western 486V33 DX EISA Western 486V33 DX ISA Western 486V50 DX EISA Western 486V50 DX ISA Western 486V50 DX2 ISA Western 486V66 DX2 EISA Western 486V66 DX2 ISA WIPRO LANDMARK E WIPRO LANDMARK E SQUARE MODEL - 560 WIPRO Super Genius 386DX WIPRO Super Genius 386SX WIPRO Super Genius 486DX WIPRO Super Genius 486SX Wyle Laboratories Intel Xpress Deskside w/486DX-50MHz Wyle Laboratories Intel Xpress DeskTop w/486DX2-66MHz Ñ g' ' ; D£ : G : ÿ Wyle Laboratories Intel Xpress DeskTop w/486DX-50MHz Wyse ® Decision 386/25 Wyse Decision 386/40 Wyse Decision 386SX/25C Wyse Decision 486/25 Wyse Decision 486/33 Wyse Decision 486/33E Wyse Decision 486/33T Wyse Decision 486DX2/50 Wyse Decision 486se-25SX Wyse Decision 486se-33DX Wyse Decision 486se-33SX Wyse Decision 486se-50DX2 Wyse Decision 486se-66DX2 Wyse Decision 486si-25SX Wyse Decision 486si-33DX Wyse Decision 486si-33SX Wyse Decision 486si-50DX2 Ô ' ' 3 4© : ÿ Wyse Decision 486si-66DX2 Wyse Series 6000i Model 640 Wyse Series 6000i Model 645 Wyse Series 7000i Model 740 Xycom XVME-674 Zenith Data Systems Z-386/33E Zenith Data Systems Z-425/SX Zenith Data Systems Z-425S+ Zenith Data Systems Z-433/DX Zenith Data Systems Z-450X+ Zenith Data Systems Z-486/33ET Zenith Data Systems Z-486SX/20 Zenith Data Systems Z-486SX/25E Zenith Data Systems Z-Note 425Ln Zenith Data Systems Z-SERVER 425SE Zenith Data Systems Z-SERVER 433DE : ' Ó' + $ : ÿ Zenith Data Systems Z-SERVER 450DE Zenith Data Systems Z-SERVER EX 433DE Model 1000A (incl. Model 2000A) Zenith Data Systems Z-SERVER EX 433DE Model 500 (incl. Model 1000) Zenith Data Systems Z-SERVER EX 450DE Model 1000A (incl. Model 2000A) Zenith Data Systems Z-SERVER EX 450DE Model 500 (incl. Model 1000) Zenith Data Systems Z-SERVER EX P60E Model 1000A (incl. Model 2000A) Zenith Data Systems Z-SERVER EX P60E Model 500 (incl. Model 1000) Zenith Data Systems Z-SERVER LT 433DE Model 245 (incl. Model 1000) $ ö ' ÷' . *í : ÿ Zenith Data Systems Z-SERVER LT 466XE Model 500 (incl. Model 1000) Zenith Data Systems Z-SERVER LT P60E Model 1000A (incl. Model 2000A) Zenith Data Systems Z-SERVER LT P60E Model 500 (incl. Model 1000) Zenith Data Systems Z-Station 420SEh Zenith Data Systems Z-Station 420SEn Zenith Data Systems Z-Station 420Sh Zenith Data Systems Z-Station 420Sn Zenith Data Systems Z-Station 425Sh Zenith Data Systems Z-Station 425Sn Zenith Data Systems Z-Station 433DEh Zenith Data Systems Z-Station 433DEn
Ú Ó' ' 3 4µ : ÿ Zenith Data Systems Z-Station 433Dh Zenith Data Systems Z-Station 433SEh Zenith Data Systems Z-Station 450XEh Zenith Data Systems Z-Station 450Xh Zenith Data Systems Z-Station 450Xn Zenith/INTEQ TEMPEST 486 WORKSTATION / SERVER Zenon Z-Dream IIII EISA/VESA 486DX/66 ZEOS 486DX/33CDT ZEOS 486DX/33EISA ZEOS 486DX/33ISA ZEOS 486DX/50 ZEOS 486SX/20DT ZEOS Freestyle 386SL 25 ZEOS Upgradable 486 DX/33 Cache ZEOS Upgradable 486 DX2/66 Cache ZEOS Upgradable 486 SX/33 Cache H $ ÷' L' $ H : ÿ ZEOS Upgradable Local Bus DX2/66 M ' ' 1 ¾ ØG ÒO ë ' 5' ½Ã' x86 Multiprocessor Computers u L' 5' ' ê E F ÿ x86 Architecture Multiprocessor Computers The following x86 architecture multiprocessor systems have been tested.  ' MÁ' J b â¸1: G : â¸1G : ÿ ACER AcerFrame 3000MP 33 (Model 3255) 3 ACER AcerFrame 3000MP 50 (Model 3257) 3 ALR POWERPRO DMP 4/66D ALR PROVEISA DM5' MÁ' L' P 4/33 ALR PROVEISA DMP 4/50D ALR PROVEISA DMP 4/66D AST Manhattan SMP AST Manhattan SMP (Pentium) COMPAQ ProLiant 2000 Model 5/66 COMPAQ ProLiant 4000 Model 5/66 COMPAQ Systempro Dual 386/25 COMPAQ Systempro Dual 486/33 COMPAQ Systempro Dual 486/50 XL COMPAQ Systempro Dual 486DX2/66 Corollary Extended C-bus 486DX2/66 5' VÃ' y À! : â½1G : âöYpG : â»1G : â»1G : â»1G : â»1G : ÿ ICL System Platform MX486/50 NCR System 3000 Model 3360 NCR System 3000 Model 3450 8 NCR System 3000 Model 3455 NCR System 3000 Model 3550 8,6 Olivetti LSX5030 Olivetti LSX5040 Sequent WinServer 1000 6 Sequent WinServer 1500 6 Sequent WinServer 3000 6 Sequent WinServer 5000 6 Siemens-Nixdorf PCE-4T/33 Siemens-Nixdorf PCE-4T/50(Dual) Wyse Series 7000i Model 740MP/33 g B MÁ' ½Ã' % : ÿ Wyse Series 7000i model 740MP/66 Wyse Series 7000i Model 760MP L VÃ' Ä' 1 T O O ì Ä' Ä' ®Å' MIPS® ARC/R4000TM Computers X ½Ã' Ä' * $° E F ? ÿ MIPS® ARC/R4000 Series Computers The following ARC R4000 systems have been tested. # ó Ä' ®Å' 0 .ç : ÿ ACER ARC1 AcerFormula Carerra R4000 DESKStation Evolution RISC PC MIPS ArcSystem Magnum PC-50 MIPS ArcSystem Magnum SC-50 MIPS Millenium PC-50 MIPS Millenium SC-50 NeTPower RISCpc Series 100 Olivetti M700-10 Olivetti PWS4000 Shuttle RiscPC L Ä' úÅ' 1 3 ÒO QO í úÅ' }Æ' Ç' Digital Alpha AXPTM Systems Y ®Å' }Æ' * $² E F ? ÿ Digital Alpha AXP Systems The Following Digital Alpha AXP systems have been tested. Û úÅ' Ç' ' · : ÿ Digital Equipment Corporation DECpc AXP 150 Digital Equipment Corporation DECpc AXP 150 Universal Platform Digital Equipment Corporation DECpc 2000-500 AXP Server Digital Equipment Corporation DEC 2000-300 AXP Server C }Æ' ÂÇ' 1 Ö+ O õ Q î ÂÇ' É' Ñ( SCSI Host AdaptersÊ ¢ Ç' É' ( E E F ÿ SCSI Host Adapters The following SCSI adapters have been tested on the indicated platforms with the following scanner, CD-ROM, tape, fixed and removable drives (except as noted): ArchiveST 4000 DAT, CD-Technologies CD Porta-DriveTM T-3401, Hewlett-Packard ScanJet® IIc, NEC Intersect CDR-74, Micropolis 1924, Peripheral Land Infinity 88, Procom Technology MCD-DS, Syquest® 5110, Toshiba TXM-3401E, WangTek 5150es. ³ ( ÂÇ' ?Ê' #æPG V l ø ÿ < ÿ ÿ ÿ ( ÿ * ÿÿÿ x86 MIPS ALPHA SCSI Host Adapter ¦ É' åÊ' #Ü@G V l ø x ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ G : ÿÿÿ X Adaptec TM AHA-1510 ?Ê' Ë' } #Ê>G V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Adaptec AHA-1520 åÊ' Ì' } #Ê<G V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Adaptec AHA-1522 À + Ë' ÜÌ' #úVG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ( â$>ßG : ÿ " ÿ *$ â¾1G : ÿÿÿ X X X 10 Adaptec AHA-1540B 9 À + Ì' Í' #úVG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ( â$>ßG : ÿ ÿ *" â$>ßG : ÿÿÿ X X 10 Adaptec AHA-1540C 11 À + ÜÌ' \Î' #úVG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ( â$>ßG : ÿ " ÿ *$ â¾1G : ÿÿÿ X X X 10 Adaptec AHA-1542B 9 À + Í' Ï' #úVG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ( â$>ßG : ÿ ÿ *" â$>ßG : ÿÿÿ X X 10 Adaptec AHA-1542C 11 \Î' µÏ' } #Ê8G V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X Adaptec AHA-1640 ¬ # Ï' m ( #âFG V l ø ÿ : ÿ µÏ' m ( Ç'
ÿ ÿ ÿ * â$>ßG : ÿÿÿ X Adaptec AHA-1740 12 ¬ # µÏ' ( #âFG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ * â$>ßG : ÿÿÿ X Adaptec AHA-1742 12 ¯ & m ( È( #âLG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ * â$>ßG : ÿÿÿ X X X Adaptec AHA-1740A 13 ¯ & ( w( #âLG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ * â$>ßG : ÿÿÿ X X X Adaptec AHA-1742A 13 È( ( } #Ê<G V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Adaptec AHA-2740 w( ( } #Ê<G V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Adaptec AHA-2742 « " ( X( #âDG V l ø ÿ . â$>ß: G : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X 14 Adaptec AIC-6260 « " ( ( #âDG V l ø ÿ . â$>ß: G : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X 15 Adaptec AIC-7770 X( ( } #Ê4G V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X Always IN-2000 ( 3( } #Ê8G V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X BusLogic BT-445S ( Î( } #Ê<G V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X BusLogic BT-542B 3( h( } #Ê:G V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X BusLogic BT-545S Î( ( } #Ê8G V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X BusLogic BT-640A ¬ # h( ( #âFG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ * â$>ßG : ÿÿÿ X BusLogic BT-646S 16 ( F ( } #Ê8G V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X BusLogic BT-742A ( á ( } #Ê<G V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X BusLogic BT-747S ¦ ) F (
( } #ÊRG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X COMPAQ Fast SCSI-2 Controller ¦ ) á ( - ( } #ÊRG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X COMPAQ 6260 SCSI-2 Controller
( Á ( } #Ê.G V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X DPT PM2011b ´ + - ( u ( #âVG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ * â$>ßG : ÿÿÿ X DPT PM2011b (with cache) 17 Á (
( } #Ê0G V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X DPT PM2012b µ , u ( ¿
( #âXG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ * â$>ßG : ÿÿÿ X X DPT PM2012b (with cache) 17 · .
( v( #â\G V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ( â$>ßG : ÿ " ÿ $ ÿÿÿ X X X 10 Data Technology Corp. 3290 ¶ - ¿
( ,( #âZG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ * â$>ßG : ÿÿÿ X Data Technology Corp. 3292 18 ! v( Ê( } #ÊBG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X Future Domain MCS-600 ! ,( t@( } #ÊBG V l ø Ê( t@( Ç' ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X Future Domain MCS-700 ´ + Ê( (A( #âVG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ * â*2qG : ÿÿÿ X Future Domain TMC-845 19,20 ¶ - t@( ÞA( #âZG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ * â*2qG : ÿÿÿ X X X Future Domain TMC-850 19,20 ¸ / (A( B( #â^G V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ * âÇ$>ßG : ÿÿÿ X X X Future Domain TMC-850M(ER) 20 ´ + ÞA( JC( #âVG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ * â*2qG : ÿÿÿ X Future Domain TMC-860 19,20 ² ) B( üC( #âRG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ * âÇ$>ßG : ÿÿÿ X Future Domain TMC-860M 20 ´ + JC( °D( #âVG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ * â*2qG : ÿÿÿ X Future Domain TMC-885 19,20 ² ) üC( bE( #âRG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ * âÇ$>ßG : ÿÿÿ X Future Domain TMC-885M 20 ¡ $ °D( F( } #ÊHG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Future Domain TMC-1650 ¡ $ bE( ¤F( } #ÊHG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Future Domain TMC-1660 ¡ $ F( EG( } #ÊHG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Future Domain TMC-1670 ¡ $ ¤F( æG( } #ÊHG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Future Domain TMC-1680 £ & EG( H( } #ÊLG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Future Domain TMC-7000EX Â 9 æG( KI( #ârG V l ø ÿ . â¾$>ß: G : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X 21 IBM PS/2 Microchannel SCSI Host Adapter Ñ H H( J( #âG V l ø ÿ . â¾$>ß: G : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X 21 IBM PS/2 Microchannel SCSI Host Adapter (with cache) º 1 KI( ÖJ( #âbG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ * âiÿpG : ÿÿÿ X Maynard 16-bit SCSI Adapter 16,22 ª - J( K( } #ÊZG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X MediaVision Pro Audio Spectrum-16 # ÖJ( L( } #ÊFG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X NCR 53C700 SCSI Adapter # K( ÀL( } #ÊFG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X NCR 53C710 SCSI Adapter ´ + L( tM( #âVG V l ø ÿ . âÀ$>ß: G : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X 23 NCR 53C90 SCSI Controller µ , ÀL( )N( #âXG V l ø ÿ . âÁ$>ß: G : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ " ÿÿÿ X 24 X NCR 53C94 SCSI Controller tM( ÀN( } #Ê4G V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X Olivetti ESC-1 )N( WO( } #Ê4G V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X Olivetti ESC-2 ¯ & ÀN( ( #âLG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ * âB%ÃG : ÿÿÿ X Trantor T-128 19,20,WO( ( Ç' 25 ² ) WO( Ä( #âRG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ * âR(¿éG : ÿÿÿ X Trantor T-228 19,20,22,26 $ ( q( #âHG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ * â%2qG : ÿÿÿ X Trantor T-130B 19,25 ¶ - Ä( '( #âZG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ * â¶1G : ÿÿÿ X Trantor T-348 MiniSCSI Plus 1 « " q( Ò( #âDG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ * âÄ$>ßG : ÿÿÿ X X X UltraStor 14f 27 « " '( }( #âDG V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ * âÅ$>ßG : ÿÿÿ X X X UltraStor 24f 28 Ò( ( } #Ê6G V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X UltraStor 24fa }( «( } #Ê2G V l ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X UltraStor 34f & ( Ñ( # : ÿ C «( ( 1 QO ;Q ï ( ¥( Ë( SCSI CD-ROM Drives i Ñ( ¥( ( Ó E F ÿ SCSI CD-ROM Drives The following SCSI CD-ROM drives have been tested with the following adapters: Adaptec AHA-1510, AHA-1542C, AHA-1640 and AHA-1742A; Future Domain TMC-1670, TMC-850M and MCS-600; IBM PS/2 Microchannel SCSI Host Adapter (with cache); Ultrastor 24fa. Drives have been tested for data access as well as for the audio capabilities indicated. } ( "( ^ #> o < ÿ ÿ 8 ÿ : ÿÿÿ Standard (CD) MultiMedia $ ¥( ¼( v #¼H o ÿ < ÿ ÿ ÿ " ÿÿÿ Audio Audio SCSI CD-ROM Drive . "( W( m #ª\ o ø ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X CD-Technology CD Porta-Drive T-3301 . ¼( ï( j #¤\ o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X CD-Technology CD Porta-Drive T-3401 } W( l( j #¤& o ÿ : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ Chinon 431 ï( ë( j #¤* o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X Chinon 535 ( l( }( j #¤P o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X COMPAQ DualSpeed CD-ROM Drive ~ ë( û( j #¤( o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X DEC RRD42 ! }( ( | #ÈB o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ 4 âÆ$>ßG : G : ÿÿÿ X Denon ® DRD 253 29 û( &( p #°< o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ G : ÿÿÿ X Hitachi ® CDR-1750S ( ¬( j #¤8 o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X Hitachi CDR-3750S { &( '( j #¤" o ÿ : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ IBM 3510 ¡ 7 ¬( È( j #¤n o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X IBM Enhanced Internal CDROM II Drive 32G2958 ¡ 7 '( i( j #¤n o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X IBM Enhanced External CDROM II Drive 3510005 " È( õ( j #¤D o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X IBM PS/2 CDROM II Drive ¥ / i( ( v #¼^ o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ( âò$>ßG : ÿÿÿ X X Laser Magnetic Storage CM-215 30 ' õ( CÀ( v #¼N o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ( ( CÀ( Ñ( âé$>ßG : ÿÿÿ X X NEC Intersect CDR-73M 31 ( ÍÀ( j #¤@ o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X NEC Intersect CDR-83M CÀ( VÁ( j #¤> o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X NEC Intersect CDR-74 ÍÀ( ßÁ( j #¤> o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X NEC Intersect CDR-84 ! VÁ( jÂ( j #¤B o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X NEC Intersect CDR-74-1 ! ßÁ( õÂ( j #¤B o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X NEC Intersect CDR-84-1 jÂ( Ã( p #°8 o ÿ : ÿ ÿ ÿ G : ÿÿÿ Panasonic ® CR-501 $ õÂ( !Ä( | #ÈH o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ 4 âê$>ßG : G : ÿÿÿ X X Pioneer ® DRM-600 32 # Ã( ®Ä( j #¤F o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X Procom Technology MCD-DS !Ä( 8Å( p #°4 o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ G : ÿÿÿ X X Sony ® CDU-541 ®Ä( ¹Å( j #¤. o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X Sony CDU-561 8Å( ;Æ( j #¤0 o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X Sony CDU-6211 ¹Å( ½Æ( j #¤0 o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X Sony CDU-7211 ;Æ( ?Ç( j #¤0 o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X Sony CDU-7811 ½Æ( ¿Ç( j #¤, o ÿ : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ Texel DM-5021 ?Ç( TÈ( v #¼> o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ( âë$>ßG : ÿÿÿ X X Texel DM-5024 33 ¿Ç( ×È( j #¤2 o ÿ : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ Toshiba TXM-3201 TÈ( ]É( j #¤8 o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X Toshiba TXM-3301E ×È( âÉ( j #¤6 o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X Toshiba XM-3301B ]É( hÊ( j #¤8 o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X Toshiba TXM-3401E âÉ( íÊ( j #¤6 o ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X Toshiba XM-3401B & hÊ( Ë( # : ÿ D íÊ( WË( 1 0 õ Q R ð WË( Ì( ) Other CD-ROM Drives3 Ë( Ì( ( E F ÿ Other CD-ROM Drives The following CD-ROM drives with proprietary interfaces have been tested. All drives listed support Standard (CD) Audio and MultiMedia Audio. All drives listed require drivers supplied in the driver library (\DRVLIB) on the Windows NT CD-ROM. # WË( 7Í( #äFe e d ÿ < ÿ ÿ ÿ ( ÿ * ÿÿÿ x86 MIPS ALPHA CD-ROM Drive Æ 6 Ì( ýÍ( #ðle e d q ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ 4 âì$>ßG : G : ÿÿÿ X Creative Labs Sound Blaster Pro TM 34 7Í( Î( { #Æ8e e d ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X Panasonic CR-521 ýÍ( +Ï( { #Æ8e e d ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X Panasonic CR-523 Î( ÂÏ( { #Æ8e e d ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X Panasonic CR-563 +Ï( b ) { #Æ2e e d ÿ ÂÏ( b ) Ë( : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X Sony CDU 31a & ÂÏ( ) # H ÿ A b ) É ) 1 ´ ;Q UR ñ É ) _) â ) SCSI Tape Drives n ) _) ( Ý E F ÿ SCSI Tape Drives The following SCSI tape drives have been tested with the following adapters using the Windows NT Backup program: Adaptec AHA-1510, AHA-1542C, AHA-1640 and AHA-1742A; Future Domain TMC-1670, TMC-850M and MCS-600; IBM PS/2 Microchannel SCSI Host Adapter (with cache); Ultrastor 24fa. Drives are listed under their appropriate Tape entry in SETUP. § É ) k) e O H : âí$>ßG : âî$>ßG : âï$>ßG : âð$>ßG : ÿ 4 Millimeter DAT ArchiveST 2000DAT (4520NT) ArchiveST 2000DAT (EAX4350) 35 ArchiveST 4000DAT (4324NP) ArchiveST 4000DAT (4352XP) DEC TLZ06 36 Exabyte 4200 37 Exabyte 4200c 38 Hewlett-Packard JetStor 2000 Hewlett-Packard JetStor 5000 Hewlett-Packard 35470a Hewlett-Packard 35480a Hewlett-Packard C1503a Hewlett-Packard C1504a Hewlett-Packard C2224c _) n) t ¶ : â¶1G : âí$>ßG : âí$>ßG : G : H I H âñ$>ß: G : ÿ Hewlett-Packard C2225b IBM 2.0Gb 4mm Tape Drive Option (part number 8191192) 1 Maynard Maynstream 1300DAT 35 Maynard 2000 DAT 35 Tecmar ® DataVault 2000 Tecmar DataVault 4000 WangDAT Model 1300XL WangDAT Model 3100 WangDAT Model 3200 Archive ® 2150S, 2525S, 2750 Archive 2150/2250 39 Archive 2525 Archive 2750 Archive 2800 ! k) ) Ü5 : H â %>ß: G : â %>ßG : âï$>ßG : âï$>ßG : H : â %>ßG : â %>ßG : ÿ Exabyte 8200 Series (SCSI-1) Exabyte EXB-8200 40 Exabyte EXB-8200ST 40 Exabyte EXB-8205 37 Exabyte EXB-8205ST 37 Exabyte 8500 Series (SCSI-2) Exabyte EXB-8500 Exabyte EXB-8500ST Exabyte EXB-8500c 40 Exabyte EXB-8500cST 40 Exabyte EXB-8505 Exabyte EXB-8505ST IBM 5.0Gb 8mm Tape Drive Option IBM 3445 Model 001 5.0Gb 8mm Tape Drive S n) â ) ? L) : H : H : ÿ Tandberg 3660, 3820, 4120, 4220 DEC TZK10 DEC TZK12 IBM 3450 1.2Gb Tape Drive Model 001 Tandberg 3660 Tandberg 3820 Tandberg 4120 Tandberg 4220 Wangtek 525, 250 Tecmar QT-525ES Wangtek 5150ES Wangtek 5525ES Wangtek 51000ES B ) $
) 1 i R µR ò $
) °
) è ) Other Tape Drives e â ) °
) ' Ê E F ÿ Other Tape Drives The following tape drives have been tested using the Windows NT Backup program. 8 û $
) è ) = H÷ â%>ßH I H : ÿ QIC-40/QIC-80 Floppy Tape Drive 41 Archive 5150Q (SuperHornet) Archive 5540 Archive 5580 Colorado Memory Systems Jumbo 250 Iomega Tape 250 Summit Express SE120 Summit Express SE250 WangTek 3040 WangTek 3080 E °
) - ) 1 ª UR R ó - ) ©
) .@) SCSI Removable Media| T è ) ©
) ( © E F ÿ SCSI Removable Media The following removable media (cartridge) drives have been tested with the following adapters: Adaptec AHA-1510, AHA-1542C, AHA-1640 and AHA-1742A; Future Domain TMC-1670, TMC-850M and MCS-600; IBM PS/2 Microchannel SCSI Host Adapter (with cache); Ultrastor 24fa. Media must be mounted when installing Windows NT. ¦ - ) ´) e M ? â%>ß: G : â%>ßG : âï$>ßG : â%>ßG : ÿ Hewlett-Packard Series 6300 650/C 42 Hewlett-Packard 1300T Rewritable Optical drive IBM 0632 Model C2* 42 Insite 21mb Floptical Iomega 21mb Floptical Iomega Bernoulli Transportable 90 Pro Iomega Bernoulli Transportable 150 Maxtor TMT 2m MO drive Peripheral Land Infinity 40 Turbo Peripheral Land Infinity 88 Pinacle Micro PMO-650 37 Quantum Passport XL 85 Quantum Passport XL 127 Sony SMO-S511A-11 42 n H ©
) .@) & : ÿ Sony RMO-S350 Syquest 555 44mb cartri´) .@) è ) dge Syquest 5110 88mb cartridge >
´) l@) 1 ¦ µR 2R ô l@) A) B) SCSI Scanners( .@) A) ( E F ÿ SCSI Scanners The following scanners have been tested with the following adapters: Adaptec AHA-1510, AHA-1542c, AHA-1640 and AHA-1742A; Future Domain TMC-1670, TMC-850M and MCS-600; IBM PS/2 Microchannel SCSI Host Adapter (with cache); Ultrastor 24fa. u 2 l@) B) C Vd â%>ß: G : G : â%>ßG : ÿ HP ® ScanJet IIc 43 HP ScanJet IIp 43 A A) JB) 1 R R õ JB) ¶B) D) Disk Controllersl E B) ¶B) ' E F ÿ Disk Controllers The following disk controllers have been tested. c JB) D) J b3 : â¸1G : â%>ßG : G : ÿ COMPAQ Intelligent Drive Array Controller COMPAQ Intelligent Drive Array Controller-2 COMPAQ SMART Array Controller DELL Drive Array Controller DELL SCSI Array Controller 3 Olivetti EFP-2 44 UltraStor 124f EISA Disk Array Controller Western Digital TM 1003 (ESDI, IDE) < ¶B) UD) 1 Ó 2R R ö UD) ©E) KG) Hard DrivesT , D) ©E) ( Y E F ÿ Hard Drives The following hard drives have been tested. SCSI hard drives have been tested with the following SCSI adapters: Adaptec AHA-1510, AHA-1542C, AHA-1640 and AHA-1742A; Future Domain TMC-1670, TMC-850M and MCS-600; IBM PS/2 Microchannel SCSI Host Adapter (with cache); Ultrastor 24fa. ¢ W UD) KG) K d¯ H : âCØqG : H : ÿ SCSI Hard Drives Maxtor 7120SR Maxtor 7213SR Maxtor 7245SR Maxtor 7345SR Maxtor LXT340SY Maxtor MXT1240S Micropolis 1924 Micropolis Raidion LT 2100 45,46 IDE Hard Drives Maxtor LXT340A Maxtor 7345AT Maxtor 7245AT Maxtor 7213AT Maxtor 7131AT Maxtor MXT-540AL Maxtor 7120AT A ©E) G) 1 V R 0R ÷ G) H) (I) Storage Cabinetsw P KG) H) ' E F ÿ Storage Cabinets The following peripheral storage cabinets have been tested. % Í G) (I) X ~ âkEq: G : âkEqG : â %>ßG : â %>ßG : ÿ Hewlett-Packard Storage System with HP EISA HBA 47,48 Hewlett-Packard Storage System with HP MCA HBA 47,48 StorageWorks Deskside Expansion Unit 49 StorageWorks Desktop Expansion Unit 49 F H) nI) 1 `S R U ø nI) ·J) ç* Video Display SupportI ! (I) ·J) ( C E F ÿ Video Display Support The following display adapters have been tested. Most common scan frequencies are supported. Your video monitor should support the same resolutions and scan frequencies as your display adapter. Please refer to README.WRI for more information on display support. ¯ # nI) fK) #èF s s n < ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ , ÿ @ ÿ B ÿÿÿ 640x480 800x600 1024x768 I L ·J) ¯L) ý #Ê 9 H + H , H n ÿ < ÿ & ÿ 6 ÿ 8 ÿ B ÿ N ÿ X ÿ d ÿ n ÿ z ÿ | ÿÿÿ Display Adapter Driver x16 x256 x16 x256 x16 x256 Other Modes 3 fK) ÁM) ß #f 9 H + H , H n ö ÿ : ÿ 2 ÿ : ÿ < ÿ @ ÿ H ÿ L ÿ T ÿ X ÿ ` ÿ b ÿÿÿ ACTIX GRAPHICS ENGINE S3 NI NI NI
: ¯L) ËN) Ð #pt 9 H + H , H n : ÿ @ ÿ H ÿ J ÿ N ÿ V ÿ Z ÿ b ÿ f ÿ n ÿ p ÿÿÿ ACTIX GRAPHICS ENGINE 32 PLUS S3 NI NI NI ü , ÁM) ÇO) Ð #pX 9 H + H , H n : ÿ " ÿ , ÿ . ÿ 2 ÿ : ÿ > ÿ F ÿ J ÿ R ÿ T ÿÿÿ ATI 8514 ULTRA ATI NI NI NI B ËN) å) Ð #p 9 H + H , H ÇO) å) (I) n : ÿ 2 ÿ < ÿ > ÿ B ÿ J ÿ N ÿ V ÿ Z ÿ b ÿ d ÿÿÿ ATI GRAPHICS ULTRA PRO ATI NI NI NI 2,3,4,5,6,7,11 F ÇO) û) Ð #p 9 H + H , H n : ÿ : ÿ D ÿ F ÿ J ÿ R ÿ V ÿ ^ ÿ b ÿ j ÿ l ÿÿÿ ATI GRAPHICS ULTRA PRO VLB ATI NI NI NI 2,3,4,5,6,7,11 C å) ) Ð #p 9 H + H , H n : ÿ 4 ÿ > ÿ @ ÿ D ÿ L ÿ P ÿ X ÿ \ ÿ d ÿ f ÿÿÿ ATI GRAPHICS ULTRA PLUS ATI NI NI NI 2,3,4,5,6,7,11 0 û) ) Ð #p` 9 H + H , H n : ÿ * ÿ 4 ÿ 6 ÿ : ÿ B ÿ F ÿ N ÿ R ÿ Z ÿ \ ÿÿÿ ATI GRAPHICS ULTRA ATI NI NI NI 2 ) ) Ð #pd 9 H + H , H n : ÿ . ÿ 8 ÿ : ÿ > ÿ F ÿ J ÿ R ÿ V ÿ ^ ÿ ` ÿÿÿ ATI GRAPHICS VANTAGE ATI NI NI NI / ) ) Ü #^ 9 H + H , H n : ÿ ( â¶1G : ÿ 2 ÿ 4 ÿ < ÿ D ÿ L ÿ P ÿ T ÿ X ÿ Z ÿÿÿ COMPAQ AVGA AVGA 1 NI NI NI 2 ) ) Ð #pd 9 H + H , H n : ÿ 0 ÿ 8 ÿ : ÿ > ÿ F ÿ J ÿ R ÿ V ÿ ^ ÿ ` ÿÿÿ COMPAQ QVISION 1024/I QV NI NI NI 9 ) 2) Ü #r 9 H + H , H n . âH%>ß: G : ÿ > ÿ F ÿ H ÿ L ÿ T ÿ X ÿ ` ÿ d ÿ l ÿ n ÿÿÿ COMPAQ QVISION 1024/E 50 QV NI NI NI
= ) ?) Ð #pz 9 H + H , H n : ÿ F ÿ N ÿ P ÿ T ÿ \ ÿ ` ÿ h ÿ l ÿ t ÿ v ÿÿÿ COMPAQ QVISION 1024/I (ENHANCED) QV NI NI NI
= 2) L) Ð #pz 9 H + H , H n : ÿ F ÿ N ÿ P ÿ T ÿ \ ÿ ` ÿ h ÿ l ÿ t ÿ v ÿÿÿ COMPAQ QVISION 1024/E (ENHANCED) QV NI NI NI 4 ?) P) Ð #ph 9 H + H , H n : ÿ 0 ÿ 8 ÿ : ÿ > ÿ F ÿ J ÿ R ÿ V ÿ ^ ÿ ` ÿÿÿ COMPAQ QVISION 1280/I QV NI NI NI 11 4 L) T) Ð #ph 9 H + H , H n : ÿ 0 ÿ 8 ÿ : ÿ > ÿ F ÿ J ÿ R ÿ V ÿ ^ ÿ ` ÿÿÿ COMPAQ QVISION 1280/E QV NI NI NI 11 3 P) W) Ð #pf 9 H + H , H n : ÿ ÿ ÿ " ÿ & ÿ . ÿ 2 ÿ : ÿ > ÿ F ÿ H ÿÿÿ DELL DGX DGX NI NI NI 2,5,7,9,10,11 6 T) ]) Ð #pl 9 H + H , H n : ÿ ( ÿ 8 ÿ : ÿ B ÿ J ÿ R ÿ Z ÿ ` ÿ f ÿ h ÿÿÿ DIAMOND SPEEDSTAR ET4000 NI NI NI NI B B 6 W) c) Ð #pl 9 H + H , H n : ÿ 0 ÿ 8 ÿ : ÿ B ÿ J ÿ R ÿ Z ÿ ` ÿ f ÿ h ÿÿÿ DIAMOND SPEEDSTAR 24X WD NI NI NI NI B B < ]) {À) Ð #px 9 H + H , H n : ÿ 0 ÿ @ ÿ B ÿ J ÿ R ÿ Z ÿ c) {À) (I) b ÿ j ÿ r ÿ t ÿÿÿ DIAMOND SPEEDSTAR PRO CIRRUS NI NI NI NI NI NI @ c) Á) Ð #p 9 H + H , H n : ÿ 8 ÿ H ÿ J ÿ R ÿ Z ÿ b ÿ j ÿ r ÿ z ÿ | ÿÿÿ DIAMOND SPEEDSTAR PRO VLB CIRRUS NI NI NI NI NI NI ÿ / {À) Â) Ð #p^ 9 H + H , H n : ÿ * ÿ 2 ÿ 4 ÿ 8 ÿ @ ÿ D ÿ L ÿ P ÿ X ÿ Z ÿÿÿ DIAMOND STEALTH 24 S3 NI NI NI 3 Á) Ã) Ð #pf 9 H + H , H n : ÿ 2 ÿ : ÿ < ÿ @ ÿ H ÿ L ÿ T ÿ X ÿ ` ÿ b ÿÿÿ DIAMOND STEALTH 24 VLB S3 NI NI NI 0 Â) Ä) Ð #p` 9 H + H , H n : ÿ , ÿ 4 ÿ 6 ÿ : ÿ B ÿ F ÿ N ÿ R ÿ Z ÿ \ ÿÿÿ DIAMOND STEALTH PRO S3 NI NI NI 4 Ã) Å) Ð #ph 9 H + H , H n : ÿ 4 ÿ < ÿ > ÿ B ÿ J ÿ N ÿ V ÿ Z ÿ b ÿ d ÿÿÿ DIAMOND STEALTH PRO VLB S3 NI NI NI 1 Ä) Æ) Ð #pb 9 H + H , H n : ÿ . ÿ 6 ÿ 8 ÿ < ÿ D ÿ H ÿ P ÿ T ÿ \ ÿ ^ ÿÿÿ DIAMOND STEALTH VRAM S3 NI NI NI ý - Å) Ç) Ð #pZ 9 H + H , H n : ÿ & ÿ . ÿ 0 ÿ 4 ÿ < ÿ @ ÿ H ÿ L ÿ T ÿ V ÿÿÿ ELSA WINNER 1000 S3 NI NI NI 0 Æ) È) Ð #p` 9 H + H , H n : ÿ ÿ ( ÿ * ÿ 2 ÿ : ÿ B ÿ J ÿ R ÿ Z ÿ \ ÿÿÿ GENOA VLB CIRRUS NI NI NI NI NI NI û % Ç) É) Ö #|J 9 H + H , H n : ÿ G : ÿ $ ÿ & ÿ * ÿ 2 ÿ 6 ÿ : ÿ > ÿ D ÿ F ÿÿÿ IBM XGA XGA ® NI I ù ) È) Ê) Ð #pR 9 H + H , H n : ÿ ÿ " ÿ $ ÿ ( ÿ 0 ÿ 4 ÿ < ÿ @ ÿ F ÿ H ÿÿÿ IBM XGA-2 XGA NI NI B 1,8 F É) Ë) Ð #p 9 H + H , H n : ÿ D ÿ T ÿ V ÿ ^ ÿ f ÿ n ÿ v ÿ ~ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ MEDIAVISION THUNDER & LIGHTNING CIRRUS NI NI NI NI NI NI 0 Ê) Ì) Ð #p` 9 H + H , H n : ÿ , ÿ 4 ÿ 6 ÿ : ÿ B ÿ F ÿ N ÿ R ÿ Z ÿ \ ÿÿÿ METHEUS PREMIER 928 S3 NI NI NI 7 Ë) Í) Ð #pn 9 H + H , H n : ÿ : ÿ B ÿ D ÿ H ÿ P ÿ T ÿ \ ÿ ` ÿ h ÿ j ÿÿÿ METHEUS PREMIER VL-BUS 928 S3 NI NI NI ý - Ì) Î) Ð #pZ 9 H + H , H n : ÿ & ÿ . ÿ 0 ÿ 4 ÿ < ÿ @ ÿ H ÿ L ÿ T ÿ V ÿÿÿ MICRONICS VL-BUS S3 NI NI NI 0 Í) Ï) Ð #p` 9 H + H , H n : ÿ ÿ , ÿ . ÿ 6 ÿ > ÿ F ÿ N ÿ V ÿ Z ÿ \ ÿÿÿ NCR 77C22 NCR77C22 NI NI NI NI NI 3 Î) ¬ * Ð #pf 9 H + H , H n : ÿ ÿ . Ï) ¬ * (I) ÿ 0 ÿ 8 ÿ @ ÿ H ÿ P ÿ X ÿ ` ÿ b ÿÿÿ NCR 77C22E NCR77C22 NI NI NI NI NI NI 2 Ï) º* Ü #d 9 H + H , H n . âH%>ß: G : ÿ , ÿ 4 ÿ 6 ÿ : ÿ B ÿ F ÿ N ÿ R ÿ Z ÿ \ ÿÿÿ NUMBER 9 GXE 50 S3 NI NI NI 11 3 ¬ * ½* Ð #pf 9 H + H , H n : ÿ 2 ÿ : ÿ < ÿ @ ÿ H ÿ L ÿ T ÿ X ÿ ` ÿ b ÿÿÿ ORCHID FAHRENHEIT 1280 S3 NI NI NI 1 º* ¾* Ð #pb 9 H + H , H n : ÿ . ÿ 6 ÿ 8 ÿ < ÿ D ÿ H ÿ P ÿ T ÿ \ ÿ ^ ÿÿÿ ORCHID FAHRENHEIT VA S3 NI NI NI 5 ½* Ã* Ð #pj 9 H + H , H n : ÿ 6 ÿ > ÿ @ ÿ D ÿ L ÿ P ÿ X ÿ \ ÿ d ÿ f ÿÿÿ ORCHID FAHRENHEIT VA/VLB S3 NI NI NI 9 ¾* Ì* Ð #pr 9 H + H , H n : ÿ . ÿ > ÿ @ ÿ H ÿ P ÿ X ÿ ` ÿ f ÿ l ÿ n ÿÿÿ ORCHID PRODESIGNER 2 ET4000 NI NI NI NI B B ; Ã* ×* Ð #pv 9 H + H , H n : ÿ 2 ÿ B ÿ D ÿ L ÿ T ÿ \ ÿ d ÿ j ÿ p ÿ r ÿÿÿ ORCHID PRODESIGNER IIS ET4000 NI NI NI NI B B F Ì* í* Ð #p 9 H + H , H n : ÿ P ÿ X ÿ Z ÿ b ÿ j ÿ r ÿ z ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ PARADISE WINDOWS GRAPHICS ACCELERATOR WD NI NI NI NI B B 0 ×* í* Ð #p` 9 H + H , H n : ÿ , ÿ 4 ÿ 6 ÿ : ÿ B ÿ F ÿ N ÿ R ÿ Z ÿ \ ÿÿÿ STB POWERGRAPH X-24 S3 NI NI NI 1 í* î * Ð #pb 9 H + H , H n : ÿ . ÿ 6 ÿ 8 ÿ < ÿ D ÿ H ÿ P ÿ T ÿ \ ÿ ^ ÿÿÿ STB POWERGRAPH VL-24 S3 NI NI NI ú * í* è
* Ð #pT 9 H + H , H n : ÿ ÿ ( ÿ * ÿ . ÿ 6 ÿ : ÿ B ÿ F ÿ N ÿ P ÿÿÿ STB WIND/X HC S3 NI NI NI 3 î * ë * Ð #pf 9 H + H , H n : ÿ ÿ 2 ÿ 4 ÿ < ÿ D ÿ L ÿ T ÿ Z ÿ ` ÿ b ÿÿÿ TRIDENT 8900C TRIDENT NI NI NI NI B B ý - è
* è * Ð #pZ 9 H + H , H n : ÿ ÿ 0 ÿ 2 ÿ : ÿ > ÿ F ÿ J ÿ P ÿ T ÿ V ÿÿÿ TRIDENT 9000 TRIDENT NI NI B
7 ë * õ
* Ö #|n 9 H + H , H n " : G : ÿ . ÿ > ÿ @ ÿ H ÿ P ÿ X ÿ \ ÿ d ÿ h ÿ j ÿÿÿ VIDEO SEVEN TM VRAM VIDEO7 NI NI NI NI
: è * ÿ* Ð #pt 9 H + H , H n : ÿ , ÿ < ÿ > ÿ F ÿ N ÿ V ÿ ^ ÿ f ÿ n ÿ p ÿÿÿ VIDEO SEVEN VRAM II VIDEO7 NI NI NI NI NI NI ( õ
* '* $ : ÿ µ 6 ÿ* Ü* #Îl 6 X ÿ < ÿ > ÿ @ ÿ D ÿ F ÿÿÿ Common Modes in Table Above Other Resolutions J '* ù@* Ç #^ $ ü 6 Ü* ù@* (I) + » , + q ÿ : ÿ ÿ , ÿ 0 ÿ 6 ÿ P ÿ V ÿ n ÿ x ÿÿÿ NI Non-Interlaced 1 640x400x256 5 800x60065k 9 1152x900x256 ü D Ü* õA* ¸ #@ $ ü 6 + » , + : ÿ ÿ ÿ $ ÿ * ÿ D ÿ J ÿ d ÿ l ÿÿÿ I Interlaced 2 640x480x65k 6 800x600x16m 10 1152x900x65k ^ ù@* C* ¸ #@¼ $ ü 6 + » , + : ÿ ÿ P ÿ T ÿ Z ÿ t ÿ z ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ B Both Interlaced and Non-Interlaced 3 640x480x16m 7 1024x768x65k 11 1280x1024x256 ì 4 õA* ÷C* ¸ #@h $ ü 6 + » , + : ÿ ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ > ÿ D ÿ ` ÿ d ÿÿÿ 4 640x480, true color 8 1040x768x256
á C* E* ) Ã : ÿ Display adapters not listed above are expected to work if they use the following supported chip sets. Install first as Standard VGA, then select the corresponding driver from the Setup application in Program Manager. ÷C* E* #Î0 0 ¸ ÿ < ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ Chip Set Driver v E* F* a #* 0 ¸ ÿ : ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ ATI Mach 8 ATI g E* uF* R #t* 0 ¸ : ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ ATI Mach 32 ATI i F* ÞF* R #t. 0 ¸ : ÿ " ÿ & ÿÿÿ Compaq QVision QV e uF* CG* R #t& 0 ¸ : ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ ET4000 ET4000 { ) ÞF* ¾G* R #tR 0 ¸ : ÿ F ÿ J ÿÿÿ S3 801, 805, 911, 911A, 924, 928 S3 x & CG* 6H* R #tL 0 ¸ : ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ WD90C30 Western Digital/Paradise x & ¾G* ®H* R #tL 0 ¸ : ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ WD90C31 Western Digital/Paradise _
6H*
I* R #t 0 ¸ : ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ VGA VGA Ý ®H* J* ) » : ÿ The following table shows the maximum display and color resolutions available with each video driver using different amounts of video RAM. Most display adapters can use the standard VGA driver for 16-color modes. L
I* _J* A #Ræ < ÿ ÿÿÿ Colors ü 6 J* [K* Æ #\l~ j o u n d h ÿ < ÿ ÿ , ÿ . ÿ 6 ÿ @ ÿ J ÿ T ÿÿÿ Drivers Video RAM 16 256 65k 16m True Color ß . _J* :L* ± #2\~ j o u n d h · ÿ : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 2 ÿ D ÿ V ÿÿÿ ATI 1Mb 1024x768 640x480 640x480 á 3 [K* M* ® #,f~ j o u n d h ÿ : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ . ÿ B ÿ T ÿÿÿ 2Mb 1280x1024 1024x768 800x600 640x480 å + :L* N* º #DV~ j o u n d h ÿ : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 4 ÿ H ÿ L ÿ P ÿ R ÿÿÿ Cirrus 1Mb 1024x768 1024x768 Ö ( M* ÖN* ® #,P~ j o u n d h : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 0 ÿ B ÿ F ÿ J ÿ L ÿÿÿ AVGA 512Kb 800x600 640x480 Í N* £O* ® #,>~ j o u n d h : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 0 ÿ 4 ÿ 8 ÿ : ÿÿÿ QV 512Kb 640x480 Ê ÖN* y* ® #,8~ j o u n d h : ÿ ÿ £O* y* (I) ÿ ÿ ÿ * ÿ . ÿ 2 ÿ 4 ÿÿÿ 1Mb 1024x768 Ë £O* D* ® #,:~ j o u n d h : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ , ÿ 0 ÿ 4 ÿ 6 ÿÿÿ 2Mb 1280x1024 Ö ( y* * ® #,P~ j o u n d h : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 2 ÿ F ÿ J ÿ L ÿÿÿ DGX 2Mb 1280x1024 1152x900 Ù + D* ó* ® #,V~ j o u n d h : ÿ ÿ ÿ " ÿ 6 ÿ H ÿ L ÿ P ÿ R ÿÿÿ ET4000 512Kb 1024x768 640x480 Ò $ * Å* ® #,H~ j o u n d h : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ & ÿ : ÿ > ÿ B ÿ D ÿÿÿ 1Mb 1024x768 1024x768 Û - ó* * ® #,Z~ j o u n d h : ÿ ÿ " ÿ $ ÿ 8 ÿ L ÿ P ÿ T ÿ V ÿÿÿ NCR 77C22 1Mb 1024x768 1024x768 Ì Å* l * ® #,<~ j o u n d h : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ . ÿ 2 ÿ 6 ÿ 8 ÿÿÿ S3 1Mb 1024x768 Ë * 7* ® #,:~ j o u n d h : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ , ÿ 0 ÿ 4 ÿ 6 ÿÿÿ 3Mb 1280x1024 Ó % l *
* ® #,J~ j o u n d h : ÿ ÿ " ÿ $ ÿ 8 ÿ < ÿ @ ÿ D ÿ F ÿÿÿ Trident 512Kb 1024x768 Ò $ 7* Ü* ® #,H~ j o u n d h : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ & ÿ : ÿ > ÿ B ÿ D ÿÿÿ 1Mb 1024x768 1024x768 Ù +
* µ* ® #,V~ j o u n d h : ÿ ÿ ÿ " ÿ 6 ÿ H ÿ L ÿ P ÿ R ÿÿÿ Video7 512Kb 1024x768 640x480 Ò $ Ü* * ® #,H~ j o u n d h : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ & ÿ : ÿ > ÿ B ÿ D ÿÿÿ 1Mb 1024x768 1024x768 Î µ* U* ® #,@~ j o u n d h : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ . ÿ 2 ÿ 6 ÿ : ÿ < ÿÿÿ VGA 256Kb 640x480 Ë * * ® #,:~ j o u n d h : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ( ÿ , ÿ 0 ÿ 4 ÿ 6 ÿÿÿ 512Kb 800x600 Ô & U* ô* ® #,L~ j o u n d h : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ * ÿ > ÿ B ÿ F ÿ H ÿÿÿ WD 1Mb 1024x768 1024x768 Í * Á* ® #,>~ j o u n d h : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ 0 ÿ 4 ÿ 8 ÿ : ÿÿÿ XGA 1Mb 1040x768 & ô* ç* # : ÿ A Á* (* 1 |; 0R ¾W ù (* ´* ï+ Network Adapters b ç* ´* * $Ä J E F ÿ Network Adapters The following network adapters have been tested on the indicated platforms. ° & (* d* #äLe e d B ÿ < ÿ ÿ ÿ ( ÿ * ÿÿÿ x86 MIPS ALPHA Network Adapter Á 7 ´* %* #äne e d B i ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( G : G : ÿÿÿ X X X 3Com ® 3C503 EtherLink II ® (Coax & TP) » : d* à* #Òte e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ G : ÿÿÿ X X X 3Com 3C503/16 EtherLink ® II/16 (Coax & TP) « 0 %* À* { #Æ`e e à* À* ç* d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X 3Com 3C507 EtherLink 16 (Coax & TP) Õ Z à* lÁ* { #Æ´e e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X 3Com 3C509 EtherLink III Parallel Tasking Adapter - ISA (Coax, TP and Combo) ª / À* Â* { #Æ^e e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X 3Com 3C523 EtherLink/MC (Coax & TP) É B lÁ* ßÂ* #Þe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X 3Com 3C527 EtherLink/MC 32 Bus Mastering Adapter 2 Ê O Â* ©Ã* { #Æe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X 3Com 3C529 EtherLink III Parallel Tasking Adapter - MCA (Coax & TP) Í R ßÂ* vÄ* { #Ƥe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X 3Com 3C579 EtherLink III Parallel Tasking Adapter - EISA (Coax & TP) È A ©Ã* >Å* #Þe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â¶Ô×gG : ÿÿÿ X 3Com 3C770 FDDILink-F for Optical, UTP & STP 2,51 ¶ ; vÄ* ôÅ* { #Æve e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X Advanced Micro Devices Am1500T Ethernet Adapter µ : >Å* ©Æ* { #Æte e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X Advanced Micro Devices Am2100 Ethernet Adapter £ ( ôÅ* LÇ* { #ÆPe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X Advanced Micro Devices PCnet Ç L ©Æ* È* { #Æe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X Advanced Micro Devices PCnet-ISA Single Chip Ethernet Controller ¶ ; LÇ* ÉÈ* { #Æve e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X COMPAQ 32-Bit Dualspeed Token Ring Controller ¨ - È* qÉ* { #ÆZe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X COMPAQ 32-Bit Netflex Controller ¿ D ÉÈ* 0Ê* { #Æe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X COMPAQ 32-Bit Netflex Controller with Token Ring Module ¦ + qÉ* ÖÊ* { #ÆVe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X COMPAQ Ethernet 16TP Controller 0Ê* iË* { #Æ0e e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X COPS LTI ISA Ã < ÖÊ* ,Ì* #Þxe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â¶Ô×gG : ÿÿÿ X Crescendo C321M-PC EISA FDDI ADAPTER/PC 2,51 % iË* ÌÌ* { #ÆJe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X DEC DE100 EtherWORKS LC £ ( ,Ì* oÍ* { #ÆPe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X DEC DE101 EtherWORKS LC/TP £ ( ÌÌ* Î* { #ÆPe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X DEC DE200 EtherWORKS Turbo ¦ + oÍ* ¸Î* { #ÆVe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X DEC DE201 EtherWORKS Turbo/TP ª / Î* bÏ* { #Æ^e e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X DEC DE202 EtherWORKS Turbo TP/BNC © . ¸Î* + { #Æ\e e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X DEC DE422 EtherWORKS EIbÏ* + ç* SA TP/BNC Ä = bÏ* Û + #Þze e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X Hewlett-Packard 27246A MC LAN Adapter/16 TP 2 Ã < + + #Þxe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X Hewlett-Packard 27245A PC LAN Adapter/8 TP 2 Ã < Û + a+ #Þxe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X Hewlett-Packard 27250A PC LAN Adapter/8 TL 2 Ä = + %+ #Þze e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X Hewlett-Packard 27247A PC LAN Adapter/16 TP 2 É B a+ î+ #Þe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X Hewlett-Packard 27247B PC LAN Adapter/16 TP Plus 2 É B %+ ·+ #Þe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X Hewlett-Packard 27252A PC LAN Adapter/16 TL Plus 2 ¤ ) î+ [+ { #ÆRe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X IBM Token Ring Adapter 16/4 ¥ * ·+ + { #ÆTe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X IBM Token Ring Adapter 16/4 /A µ . [+ µ+ #Þ\e e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X Intel 82595 Ethernet Adapter 2 ³ 2 + h+ #Òde e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ G : ÿÿÿ X Intel EtherExpress TM 16 MCA PCLA8110 ¬ 1 µ+ + { #Æbe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X Intel EtherExpress 16 MCA TP PCLA8120 § , h+ »+ { #ÆXe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Intel EtherExpress 16 PCLA8110 ¨ - + c + { #ÆZe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Intel EtherExpress 16C PCLA8100 © . »+
+ { #Æ\e e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Intel EtherExpress 16TP PCLA8120 « 0 c + ·
+ { #Æ`e e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Intel EtherExpress FlashC PCLA8105 ½ 0
+ t + #ê`e e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ 4 â·1G : G : ÿÿÿ X Intel TokenExpress TM ISA/16S 2 ´ - ·
+ ( + #ÞZe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X Intel TokenExpress MCA 16/4 2 µ . t + Ý + #Þ\e e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X Intel TokenExpress EISA 16/4 2 ³ , ( +
+ #ÞXe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X Intel TokenExpress EISA/32 2 µ . Ý + E+ #Þ\e e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X Madge Smart 16/4 AT Ringnode 2 · 0
+ ü+ #Þ`e e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X Madge Smart 16/4 EISA Ringnode 2 µ . E+ ±+ #Þ\e e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X Madge Smart 16/4 MC Ringnode 2 · 0 ü+ t@+ #Þ`e e d B ÿ : ÿ
±+ t@+ ç* ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X Madge Smart 16/4 MC32 Ringnode 2 ç l ±+ [A+ { #ÆØe e d B ÿ : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X National Semiconductor DP83932 (SONIC) Motherboard Ethernet Controller on MIPS ARC/R4000 systems § t@+ B+ #Þ@e e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X NCR WaveLAN/AT 2 § [A+ ©B+ #Þ@e e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X NCR WaveLAN/MC 2 « 0 B+ TC+ { #Æ`e e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Network Peripherals NP-EISA/S FDDI ¨ - ©B+ üC+ { #ÆZe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X Network Peripherals NP-MCA/S FDDI ® - TC+ ªD+ #ÒZe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ G : ÿÿÿ X Novell ® /Eagle Technology NE1000 § , üC+ QE+ { #ÆXe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Novell/Eagle Technology NE2000 § , ªD+ øE+ { #ÆXe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Novell/Eagle Technology NE3200 ® 3 QE+ ¦F+ { #Æfe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Proteon ProNET-4/16 p1390 ISA Adapter  ; øE+ hG+ #Þve e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X Olicom Token-Ring,PowerMAC MCA WS,OC-3129 2 Ã < ¦F+ +H+ #Þxe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X Olicom Token-Ring,PowerMAC EISA WS,OC-3133 2 Â ; hG+ íH+ #Þve e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X Olicom Token-Ring,PowerMAC ISA WS,OC-3117 2 & +H+ I+ # K ÿ ° & íH+ ÃI+ #äLe e d B ÿ < ÿ ÿ ÿ ( ÿ * ÿÿÿ x86 MIPS ALPHA Network Adapter Ç = I+ J+ #äze e d B ¼ ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X Olicom Token-Ring,PowerMAC EISA SRV,OC-3135 2 ² + ÃI+
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X Proteon ProNET-4/16 p1392 2 ¶ /
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X Proteon ProNET-4/16 p1892 2 · 6 ¤L+
N+ #Òle e d B ÿ " : G : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X 2 X Proteon ProNET-4/16 p1990 EISA Adapter ¶ / VM+ ÃN+ #Þ^e e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â·1G : ÿÿÿ X Proteon ProNET-4/16 p1990plus 2 ¾ =
N+ O+ #Òze e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ G : ÿÿÿ X X X Standard Microsystems 8003EP EtherCard TM PLUS · < ÃN+ D+ { #Æxe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X O+ D+ ç* X X Standard Microsystems 8013EBT EtherCard PLUS16 ¼ A O+ + { #Æe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Standard Microsystems 8013EP EtherCard PLUS Elite16 ¼ A D+ ¼+ { #Æe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X Standard Microsystems 8013EP/A EtherCard PLUS Elite/A ½ B + y+ { #Æe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Standard Microsystems 8013EPC EtherCard PLUS Elite16 ¿ D ¼+ 8+ { #Æe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Standard Microsystems 8013EW EtherCard PLUS EliteCombo À E y+ ø+ { #Æe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Standard Microsystems 8013EWC EtherCard PLUS EliteCombo ¼ A 8+ ´+ { #Æe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Standard Microsystems 8013W EtherCard PLUS Elite16T ´ 9 ø+ h + { #Ære e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Standard Microsystems 8013WB EtherCard PLUS ½ B ´+ %+ { #Æe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X X Standard Microsystems 8013WC EtherCard PLUS Elite16T ¿ D h + ä+ { #Æe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X Standard Microsystems 8013WP/A EtherCard PLUS Elite10T/A ¤ # %+ + #ÒFe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ G : ÿÿÿ X Ungermann-Bass ® NIUpc ¡ & ä+ )+ { #ÆLe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X X Ungermann-Bass NIUpc/EOTP % + É+ { #ÆJe e d B ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X Ungermann-Bass NIUps/EOTP & )+ ï+ # : ÿ J É+ 9+ 1 ¹ U W ú 9+ ¼+ PÀ+ Multimedia Audio Adapters Y ï+ ¼+ * $² J E F ÿ Multimedia Audio Adapters The following multimedia audio adapters have been tested. ¹ / 9+ u+ #ä^e e d v ÿ < ÿ ÿ ÿ ( ÿ * ÿÿÿ x86 MIPS ALPHA Multimedia Audio Adapter ! ¼+ + ~ #ÌBe e d v ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X COMPAQ Business Audio ² 1 u+ Æ+ #Òbe e d v ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ G : ÿÿÿ X X X Creative Labs Sound Blaster TM 1.x » 4 + + #Þhe e d v ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â@%>ßG : ÿÿÿ X X X Creative Labs Sound Blaster Pro 52 Ç : Æ+ H+ #ête e d v ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ 4 âA%>ßG : G : ÿÿÿ X X X Media Vision TM Pro AudioSpectrum-16 53 ¸ 1 + + #Þbe e d v ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( âA%>ßG : ÿÿÿ X X X Media Vision Pro AudioStudio 53 ¶ / H+ ¶+ #Þ^e e d v ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ ( â@%>ßG : ÿÿÿ X X X Media Vision Thunder Board 52 ± 0 + g+ #Ò`e e d v ÿ : ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ G : ÿÿÿ X X X Microsoft Windows TM Sound System · < ¶+ *À+ { #Æxe e d v ÿ : ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿ ÿÿÿ X Built-in audio adaptg+ *À+ ï+ er on MIPS ARC/R4000 systems & g+ PÀ+ # : ÿ 7 *À+ À+ 1 $
¾W ¾W û À+ Á+ ÷Í+ Modems} V PÀ+ Á+ ' ¬ E F ÿ Modems The following modems have been tested for use with Remote Access Services. Ì À+ "Ã+ R r : G : âB%>ßG : ÿ ATI 2400 etc/e ATI 9600 etc/e AT&T ® 2224 CEO AT&T Comsphere 3810 AT&T Comsphere 3811 AT&T Comsphere 3820 AT&T Comsphere 3830 AT&T Dataport AT&T 4024 Bocamodem M1440 Cardinal 2400e Cardinal 9600 Cardinal 14400 Cardinal 14400 Internal Codex 2264 Codex 3220 Codex 3260 Codex 3261 Codex 3262 Codex 3263 Codex 3265 Codex 3260 Fast Codex 3261 Fast Codex 3262 Fast Codex 3263 Fast Codex 3265 Fast Codex 3220 Plus CXR Telcom 1445 DataRace RediModem V.32bis 54 ¹ Á+ 0Å+ U xs : âC%>ßG : âD%>ßG : G : ÿ Datatrek 2424AMH Datatrek Elite 624D 55 Datatrek V.32 56 DEC PCXBF-AA 2400/9600FAX, V.42+BIS (Data only) DEC PCXCF-AA 2400/9600FAX, V.42+BIS (Data only) DEC PCXDF-AA 2400/9600FAX, V.42+BIS (Data only) Digicom Scout Digicom Scout Plus DSI 9624LE Plus DSI 9624E ETech UFOMATE P1496MX Evercom 24 Evercom 24E Evercom 24E+ Gateway 2000 Telepath Internal GVC SM2400 GVC SM96 GVC FM14400 Hayes ® Compatible 1200 Hayes Compatible 2400 ) Î "Ã+ YÇ+ [ : G : G : G : âC%>ßG : G : ÿ Hayes Compatible 9600 Hayes Pocket Modem ® 2400 Hayes Smartmodem TM 2400 Hayes Smartmodem 9600 Hayes Optima 9600 Hayes Optima 14400 Hayes Ultra 9600 Hayes Ultra 14400 Hayes V Series 9600 Intel SatisFaxtion ® 100 Intel SatisFaxtion 400e Intel 9600EX Intel 14400EX Macronix Maxlite Fax 9696 Macronix VOMAX 2000 Megahertz P2144 Pocket Faxmodem Megahertz T3144 for Toshiba Megahertz Z3144 for Zenith Megahertz C5144 for COMPAQ LTE MicroCom ® QX 4232bis 55 0Å+ bÉ+ Ü : âB%>ßG : âB%>ßG : âE%>ßG : âB%>ßG : âD%>ßG : âD%>ßG : âC%>ßG : ÿ MicroCom QX 4232HS MicroGate MG96 54 MicroGate MG144 54 MicroPorte 1042 MultiTech MultiModem 224 57 MultiTech MultiModem MT932 NEC 9635E Plus Octocom 8324 54 Octocom 8396 PDI-1000 56 Practical Peripherals 2400 Pocket Practical Peripherals 2400SA 56 Practical Peripherals 2400MNP 55 Practical Peripherals 9600SA Practical Peripherals 14400SA Racal-RMD 2412 © YÇ+ tË+ i S âF%>ß: G : G : âD%>ßG : âC%>ßG : G : ÿ Racal-RMD 2412/2 58 Racal-RMD 3221 Racal-RMD 3222 Racal-RMD 3226 Racal-RMD 3223 Racal-RMD 9632PA Racal-RMD 9642PA SupraModem 2400 Supra Fax Modem 9624 Internal Supra Fax Modem V32 Supra Fax Modem V32bis Supra Fax Modem Plus Telebit ® QBlazer Telebit T1000 Telebit T1500 56 Telebit T1600 55 Telebit T2000 Telebit T2500 Telebit T3000 Telebit TrailBlazer ® Plus Telebit WorldBlazer Telebit WorldBlazer-Rackmount ¡ bÉ+ Í+ t ¶C âC%>ß: G : G : âG%>ßG : âG%>ßG : âs%>ßG : âD%>ßG : ÿ UDS Motorola ® V.3225 55 UDS Motorola V.3227 59 UDS Motorola V.3229 UDS Motorola FasTalk V.32/42b 59 US Robotics Courier Dual US Robotics Courier HST US Robotics Courier V.32bis US Robotics Sportster 2400 US Robotics Sportster 9600 US Robotics Sportster 14400 Ven-Tel 9600 Plus II 60 Ven-Tel Pocket 24 V.42bis FAX Ven-Tel 14400 Fax Ven-Tel 14400 Fax Internal Western Datacom Worldcom V32bis 56 n F tË+ ÷Í+ ( : ÿ Zoom AFX Zoom FX 9624V Zoom VFX V.32bis ZyXel U-1496 ZyXel U-1496E H Í+ ?Î+ 1 ¦ W W ü ?Î+ ÝÎ+ RÏ+ Hardware Security Hosts w ÷Í+ ÝÎ+ ' î E F ÿ Hardware Security Hosts The following hardware security hosts have been tested for use with Remote Access Services. u O ?Î+ RÏ+ & : ÿ Digital Pathways Defender 1000D Racal Gaurdata GSM Security Dynamics ACM400 >
ÝÎ+ Ï+ 1 ¾W ; X ý Ï+ & , , ISDN Adapters c RÏ+ & , ' Æ E F ÿ ISDN Adapters The following ISDN adapters have been tested for use withÏ+ & , RÏ+ Remote Access Services. ` ; Ï+ , % v : ÿ DigiBoard PCIMAC ISA Adapter DigiBoard PCIMAC/4 Adapter K & , Ñ , 1 § W ÛX þ Ñ , u, ë, Multi-port Serial Adapters¤ } , u, ' ú E F ÿ Multi-port Serial Adapters The following multi-port serial adapters have been tested for use with Remote Access Services. v # Ñ , ë, S tG âj%>ß: G : âj%>ßG : âj%>ßG : ÿ Comtrol Hostess 550 61 DigiBoard 2Port DigiBoard 4Port DigiBoard 8Port DigiBoard CX Adapter DigiBoard DigiCHANNEL PC/X Host Adapter for ISA bus 61 DigiBoard PC/4e Adapter DigiBoard PC/8e Adapter DigiBoard PC/8i Adapter DigiBoard PC/Xem Adapter Stargate Technologies Plus 8 61 O u, :, 1 ; X ØX ÿ :, Â, , Uninterruptible Power Supplies a ë, Â, ' Â E F ÿ Uninterruptible Power Supplies The following uninterruptible power supplies have been tested. Ñ :, , 5 89 : âk%>ßG : ÿ American Power Conversion Back-UPS American Power Conversion Smart-UPS Para Systems MinuteMan Tripp Lite BC800LAN 62 Unison (Tripp Lite) UNIPower PS : Â, Í, 1 ÛX JX Í, ?, , Keyboardsr K , ?, ' E F ÿ Keyboards Any keyboard that is 100% compatible with those listed below. X ' Í, , 1 2N : â%>ßG : ÿ 101/102-key IBM AT (84-key) 43 A ?, Ø, 1 á ØX "X Ø, Ë, { , Pointing Devicesó È , Ë, + $ E F ? ÿ Pointing Devices The following pointing devices have been tested. The Alpha platform supports mouseport-based pointing devices. The MIPS platform supports mouseport and serial pointing devices. É Ø, Ó, ? L : G : ÿ A4 Tech Serial Mouse Acer M-SG14 AT&T 320 Mouse CA-93-6MD CompuAdd Serial Mouse Dexxa MF21-9F Digital Equipment PCXAS-AA Hewlett-Packard C1413A Honeywell 2HW53-3E IBM 33G3835 IBM 33G5430 ICL M-SF14-6MD Kensington Expert Mouse Ver. 2.0 Kensington Expert Mouse Ver. 4.0 Key Tronic Trak101 Logitech TM CA-93-6MD Logitech M-MD14-2 Logitech M-MD14-9F Logitech M-MD15L Logitech M-SF14-6MD Logitech M-SF15-6MD Logitech Mouseman, Bus Logitech Mouseman, Cordless Ö Ë, â
, 9 @ : G : ÿ Logitech Mouseman, Serial Logitech PA-82-9MI Logitech Series 9 CC-93-9F Logitech Trackman Mouse Logitech Trackman Portable Mouse Logitech Trackman Stationary Mouse Microsoft Bus Mouse (Original - Green Buttons) Microsoft Mouse, BallPoint ® Microsoft Mouse, Inport Microsoft Mouse, PS/2 Compatible Microsoft Mouse, Serial Microsoft Mouse, Serial / PS/2 Microsoft Mouse 2.0, BallPoint Microsoft Mouse 2.0, Bus Microsoft Mouse 2.0, MousePort Microsoft Mouse 2.0, Serial q Ó, { , ( â : ÿ Microsoft Mouse 2.0, Serial-MousePort MotorMouse Olivetti M-SE9-6MD Sejin Electronics SWB-200 Ultra Mouse 260 9 â
, ´ , 1 âD JX
Z ´ , : , µ
- Printers _ { , : , ' ¾ E F ÿ Printers Drivers are included for the following printers. Tested models are listed with *. É ´ , X, U x : G : G : G : G : G : G : ÿ Adobe ® LaserJet ® II Cartridge v52.3 Agfa Compugraphic 400PS Agfa Compugraphic Genics Agfa Matrix ® ChromaScript v51.8 Agfa TabScript C500 PostScript ® Printer v50.3 Agfa-Compugraphic 9400P v49.3 Apple ® LaserWriter ® II NT v47.0 *Apple LaserWriter II NTX v47.0 Apple LaserWriter II NTX v51.8 Apple LaserWriter II NTX-J v50.5 Apple LaserWriter IIf v2010.113 Apple LaserWriter IIg v2010.113 Apple LaserWriter Plus v38.0 Apple LaserWriter Plus v42.2 Ç : , i@, > J : G : ÿ Apple LaserWriter v23.0 Apple Personal LaserWriter NTR v2010.129 Apricot Laser APS-PS PIP with APS-6-108 v49.3 or 52.2 APS-PS PIP with APS-6-80 v49.3 or 52.2 APS-PS PIP with LZR 1200 v49.3 or 52.2 APS-PS PIP with LZR 2600 v49.3 or 52.2 AST TurboLaser-PS v47.0 AT&T 470/475 AT&T 473/478 Brother ® HJ-100 Brother HJ-100i Brother HJ-770 Brother HL-10DV Brother HLX, i@, { , -10V *Brother HL-4 Brother HL-4V Brother HL-4Ve *Brother HL-8 *Brother HL-8D *Brother HL-8e Ø X, B, ? L± : G : ÿ Brother HL-8V Brother M-1309 Brother M-1324 Brother M-1809 Brother M-1818 Brother M-1824L Brother M-1909 Brother M-1918 Brother M-1924L *Bull Compuprint PageMaster 1025 Bull Compuprint PageMaster 413 Bull Compuprint PM 201 Canon ® Bubble-Jet BJ-10e Canon Bubble-Jet BJ-10ex Canon Bubble-Jet BJ-10sx Canon Bubble-Jet BJ-130 Canon Bubble-Jet BJ-130e Canon Bubble-Jet BJ-20 Canon Bubble-Jet BJ-200 *Canon Bubble-Jet BJ-230 Canon Bubble-Jet BJ-300 *Canon Bubble-Jet BJ-330
Ð i@, D, : B¡ : ÿ Canon Bubble-Jet BJC-800 Canon LBP-4 PS-2 v51.4 Canon LBP-8III PS-1 v51.4 Canon LBP-8IIIR PS-1 v51.4 Canon LBP-8IIIT PS-1 v51.4 Canon PS-IPU Color Laser Copier v52.3 Canon PS-IPU Kanji Color Laser Copier v52.3 Citizen 120D Citizen 120D+ Citizen 124D Citizen 180D Citizen 200GX Citizen 200GX/15 Citizen 224 Citizen GSX 240 Scalable Font Citizen GSX-130 Citizen GSX-140 Citizen GSX-140+ Citizen GSX-145 Citizen GSX-230 Citizen HSP-500 Citizen HSP-550 Citizen PN48 Ê B, F, 8 > : ÿ Citizen Prodot 24 Citizen Prodot 9 Citizen Prodot 9x Citizen PROjet Citizen Swift 200 Citizen Swift 24 Citizen Swift 240 Scalable Font Citizen Swift 24e Citizen Swift 24x Citizen Swift 9 Citizen Swift 9x C-Itoh 8510 Colormate PS v51.9 COMPAQ PAGEMARQ 15 v2012.015 COMPAQ PAGEMARQ 20 v2012.015 Dataproducts LZR 1260 v47.0 Dataproducts LZR 1560 v2010.127 Dataproducts LZR 960 v2010.106 Dataproducts LZR-2665 v46.2 Diconix 150 Plus Digital Colormate PS v51.9 Û D, H, 4 6· : ÿ Digital DEClaser 1100 (LJ) *Digital DEClaser 1100 Digital DEClaser 1150 v51.4 Digital DEClaser 1152 17 fonts Digital DEClaser 1152 43 fonts *Digital DEClaser 2100 Digital DEClaser 2100 plus (LJ) Digital DEClaser 2150 plus v51.4 Digital DEClaser 2150 v51.4 *Digital DEClaser 2200 Digital DEClaser 2200 plus (LJ) Digital DEClaser 2250 plus v51.4 Digital DEClaser 2250 v51.4 Digital DEClaser 3200 (LJ) *Digital DEClaser 3200 Digital DEClaser 3250 v47 Digital DECmultiJET 1000 Ð F, ¢J, 7 <¡ : ÿ Digital DECmultiJET 2000 Digital DECwriter 95 Digital LA310 Digital LA324 Digital LA424 Digital LA70 Digital LA75 Digital LA75 Plus Digital LN03R ScriptPrinter Digital PrintServer 17 v48.3 Digital PrintServer 20 v48.3 Digital PrintServer 32 v48.3 Digital PrintServer 40 Plus v48.3 Digital turbo PrintServer 20 EPSON ActionLaser II EPSON AP-3250 Scalable Font EPSON AP-5000 Scalable Font EPSON AP-5500 Scalable Font EPSON Compatible 24 Pin EPSON Compatible 9 Pin
È H, ¬L, B R : ÿ EPSON DFX-5000 EPSON DLQ-2000 EPSON EPL-4000 EPSON EPL-4300 EPSON EPL-6000 EPSON EPL-7000 EPSON EPL-7500 v52.3 EPSON EPL-8000 EPSON EPL-8100 EPSON EX-1000 EPSON EX-800 EPSON FX-100 EPSON FX-100+ EPSON FX-1000 EPSON FX-105 EPSON FX-1050 EPSON FX-185 EPSON FX-286 EPSON FX-286e EPSON FX-80 EPSON FX-80+ EPSON FX-800 *EPSON FX-85 EPSON FX-850 EPSON FX-86e EPSON GQ-3500 EPSON JX-80 EPSON L-1000 EPSON L-750 EPSON LP-3000PS F2 v52.3 EPSON LP-3000PS F5 v52.3 Î ¢J, ºN, @ N : ÿ EPSON LQ-100 Scalable Font EPSON LQ-1000 EPSON LQ-1010 EPSON LQ-1050 EPSON LQ-1060 EPSON LQ-1070 Scalable Font EPSON LQ-1170 Scalable Font EPSON LQ-1500 EPSON LQ-200 *EPSON LQ-2500 *EPSON LQ-2550 EPSON LQ-400 EPSON LQ-450 EPSON LQ-500 *EPSON LQ-510 EPSON LQ-550 EPSON LQ-570 Scalable Font EPSON LQ-800 EPSON LQ-850 EPSON LQ-850+ EPSON LQ-860 EPSON LQ-870 Scalable Font EPSON LQ-950 EPSON LX-1050 EPSON LX-400 EPSON LX-80 EPSON LX-800 EPSON LX-810 EPSON LX-850 À ¬L, Ê, D V : G : ÿ EPSON LX-850+ EPSON LX-86 EPSON MX-100 EPSON MX-80 EPSON MX-80 F/T EPSON PostScript CARD v52.5 EPSON RX-100 EPSON RX-100+ EPSON RX-80 EPSON RX-80 F/T EPSON RX-80 F/T+ EPSON SQ-1170 Scalable Font EPSON SQ-2000 EPSON SQ-2500 EPSON SQ-2550 EPSON SQ-850 EPSON SºN, Ê, { , Q-870 Scalable Font EPSON T-750 EPSON T-1000 Fujitsu ® Breeze 100 Fujitsu Breeze 200 Fujitsu DL 1100 Fujitsu DL 1100 Colour Fujitsu DL 1150 Fujitsu DL 1200 Fujitsu DL 1250 Fujitsu DL 2400 à ºN, å, ; DÁ : ÿ Fujitsu DL 2600 Fujitsu DL 3300 Fujitsu DL 3350 Fujitsu DL 3400 Fujitsu DL 3450 Fujitsu DL 3600 Fujitsu DL 4400 Fujitsu DL 4600 Fujitsu DL 5600 Fujitsu DL 900 Fujitsu DX 2100 Fujitsu DX 2200 Fujitsu DX 2300 Fujitsu DX 2400 Fujitsu RX7100PS v50.3 GCC BLP Elite v52.3 GCC BLP II v52.3 GCC BLP IIS v52.3 GCC Business LaserPrinter v49.2 GCC Business LaserPrinter v51.4 Generic IBM Graphics 9pin wide Generic IBM Graphics 9pin Gestetner GLP800-Scout v52.3 Hermes H 606 PS (13 Fonts) Þ Ê, , ? L½ : G : ÿ Hermes H 606 PS (35 fonts) *Hermes H 606 HP DeskJet ® *HP DeskJet 1200C *HP DeskJet 500 HP DeskJet 510 HP DeskJet 500C HP DeskJet 500C (Monochrome) HP DeskJet 550C HP DeskJet Plus HP DeskJet Portable HP LaserJet HP LaserJet 2000 *HP LaserJet 4 HP LaserJet 4 PostScript v2011.110 *HP LaserJet 4Si HP LaserJet 4Si/4Si MX PS HP LaserJet 500+ HP LaserJet ELI PostScript v52.3 HP LaserJet IID PostScript Cartridge v52.2 *HP LaserJet IID HP LaserJet III PostScript Cartridge v52.2
Ñ å, , 9 @£ : G : ÿ HP LaserJet III PostScript Plus v2010.118 *HP LaserJet III HP LaserJet IIID PostScript Cartridge v52.2 HP LaserJet IIID PostScript Plus v2010.118 *HP LaserJet IIID *HP LaserJet IIIP PostScript Cartridge v52.2 HP LaserJet IIIP PostScript Plus v2010.118 *HP LaserJet IIIP *HP LaserJet IIISi PostScript v52.3 *HP LaserJet IIISi HP LaserJet IIP Plus *HP LaserJet IIP PostScript Cartridge v52.2 *HP LaserJet IIP HP LaserJet Plus *HP LaserJet Series II *HP PaintJet ® Ç , , I ` : G : G : G : ÿ *HP PaintJet XL HP PaintJet XL 300 HP PaintJet XL 300 v2011.112 HP QuietJet ® HP QuietJet Plus HP ThinkJet ® (2225 C-D) IBM 4019 LaserPriner PS17 *IBM 4019 LaserPrinter PS39 IBM 4029 LaserPrinter PS17 IBM 4029 LaserPrinter PS39 *IBM 4039 LaserPrinter IBM 4039 LaserPrinter PS39 IBM 4070 IJ IBM 4079 Color Jetprinter PS IBM 4216-020 v47.0 IBM 4216-030 v50.5 IBM ExecJet ® 4072 IBM Graphics IBM Personal Page Printer II-31 IBM Personal Printer II 2380 ¸ , *, V zq : G : G : G : G : G : ÿ IBM Personal Printer II 2381 IBM Personal Printer II 2390 IBM Personal Printer II 2391 IBM Portable 5183 *IBM Proprinter ® *IBM Proprinter II IBM Proprinter III IBM Proprinter X24 IBM Proprinter X24e *IBM Proprinter XL IBM Proprinter XL II IBM Proprinter XL III IBM Proprinter XL24 IBM Proprinter XL24e IBM PS/1 2205 *IBM QuickWriter ® 5204 IBM QuietWriter ® III Kodak ® EktaPlus 7016 Kyocera ® F-1000 Kyocera F-1000A Kyocera F-1010 Ä , /, A P : G : ÿ Kyocera F-1200S Kyocera F-1800 Kyocera F-1800A Kyocera F-2000A Kyocera F-2010 Kyocera F-2200 Kyocera F-2200S Kyocera F-3000 Kyocera F-3000A Kyocera F-3010 Kyocera F-3300 Kyocera F-5000 Kyocera F-800 Kyocera F-800A Kyocera F-820 Kyocera FS-1500 / FS-1500A Kyocera FS-3500 / FS-3500A Kyocera FS-5500 / FS-5500A Kyocera FS-850 / FS-850A LaserWriter Personal NT v51.8 Linotronic TM 100 v42.5 Linotronic 200 v47.1 Linotronic 200 v49.3 Linotronic 200/230 Ô *, ?, < F© : G : ÿ Linotronic 300 v47.1 Linotronic 300 v49.3 Linotronic 330 v52.3 Linotronic 330-RIP 30 v52.3 Linotronic 500 v49.3 Linotronic 530 v52.3 Linotronic 530-RIP 30 v52.3 Linotronic 630 v52.3 Mannesmann Tally ® MT 130/24 Mannesmann Tally MT 131/24 Mannesmann Tally MT 150/24 Mannesmann Tally MT 151/24 Mannesmann Tally MT 230/24 Mannesmann Tally MT 330 Mannesmann Tally MT 350 Mannesmann Tally MT 360 Mannesmann Tally MT 730/735 Mannesmann Tally MT 82 Mannesmann Tally MT 90 Ö /, _Á, > J : G : ÿ Mannesmann Tally MT 904 Plus Mannesmann Tally MT 908 Mannesmann Tally MT 91 Mannesmann Tally MT 92 Mannesmann Tally MT 92C Mannesm?, _Á, { , ann Tally MT 93 Mannesmann Tally MT 94 Mannesmann Tally MT 98/99 Microtek TrueLaser Minolta SP 3000 Minolta SP 3500 Monotype ® ImageMaster 1200 v52.3 Monotype Imagesetter v52.2 NEC Colormate PS/40 v51.9 NEC Colormate PS/80 v51.9 *NEC Jetmate 400 *NEC Jetmate 800 NEC Pinwriter CP6 NEC Pinwriter CP7 NEC Pinwriter P20 NEC Pinwriter P2200 Ð ?, hÃ, 9 @¡ : ÿ NEC Pinwriter P2plus NEC Pinwriter P30 NEC Pinwriter P3200 NEC Pinwriter P3300 NEC Pinwriter P5200 *NEC Pinwriter P5300 NEC Pinwriter P5XL NEC Pinwriter P6 NEC Pinwriter P60 NEC Pinwriter P6200 NEC Pinwriter P6300 NEC Pinwriter P6plus NEC Pinwriter P7 NEC Pinwriter P70 NEC Pinwriter P7plus NEC Pinwriter P90 NEC Pinwriter P9300 NEC Pinwriter P9XL NEC SilentWriter 95 v2010.119 NEC Silentwriter 95 v2011.111 NEC Silentwriter 97 v2011.111 NEC Silentwriter LC 860 Í _Á, jÅ, 5 8 : ÿ NEC Silentwriter LC 860 Plus NEC Silentwriter LC890 v47.0 NEC Silentwriter LC890XL v50.5 NEC Silentwriter S102 NEC Silentwriter2 290 v52.0 NEC Silentwriter2 90 v52.2 NEC Silentwriter2 990 v52.3 OceColor G5241 PS OceColor G5242 PostScript Printer v50.3 Oki MICROLINE 801PS+F v52.3 Oki ML 182 Elite (IBM) Oki ML 192 Elite (IBM) Oki ML 193 Elite (IBM) Oki ML 280 Elite (IBM) Oki ML 320 Elite (IBM) Oki ML 321 Elite (IBM) Oki ML 3410 Elite (IBM) Oki ML 380 Elite Ä hÃ, rÇ, D V : G : ÿ Oki ML 390 Elite Oki ML 391 Elite Oki ML 393 Elite Oki ML 393C Elite Oki ML 590 Oki ML 591 Oki OL-400 Oki OL-410 Oki OL-800/840 Oki OL-810 Oki OL830-PS v52.5 Oki OL840-PS v51.8 Okidata ® LaserLine 6 Okidata ML 192 *Okidata ML 192-IBM Okidata ML 192 Plus Okidata ML 193 *Okidata ML 193-IBM Okidata ML 193 Plus Okidata ML 292 *Okidata ML 292-IBM Okidata ML 293 *Okidata ML 293-IBM Okidata ML 320 *Okidata ML 320-IBM Okidata ML 321 *Okidata ML 321-IBM Õ jÅ, É, > J« : ÿ Okidata ML 380 Okidata ML 390 Okidata ML 390 Plus Okidata ML 391 Okidata ML 391 Plus Okidata ML 393 Okidata ML 393 Plus Okidata ML 393C Okidata ML 393C Plus Okidata ML 92-IBM Okidata ML 93-IBM Okidata OL-400 Okidata OL-800 Olivetti DM 109 Olivetti DM 124 Olivetti DM 124 C Olivetti DM 124 L Olivetti DM 309 Olivetti DM 309 L Olivetti DM 309 S Olivetti DM 309 SL Olivetti DM 324 Olivetti DM 324 L Olivetti DM 324 S Olivetti DM 324 SL Olivetti DM 600 Olivetti DM 600 S Ñ rÇ, Ë, ; D£ : ÿ Olivetti DM 624 Olivetti ETV 5000 Olivetti JP 150 Olivetti JP 350 Olivetti JP 350S Olivetti PG 108 Olivetti PG 208 M2 Olivetti PG 306 Olivetti PG 306 PS (13 Fonts) Olivetti PG 306 PS (35 Fonts) Olivetti PG 308 Olivetti PG 308 HS Olivetti PG 308 HS PostScript Olivetti PG 404 Olivetti PG 408 Panasonic KX-P1081 Panasonic KX-P1123 Panasonic KX-P1124 Panasonic KX-P1124i Panasonic KX-P1180 Panasonic KX-P1624 Panasonic KX-P1695 Panasonic KX-P2123 Panasonic KX-P2124 Ý É, ªÍ, < F» : G : ÿ Panasonic KX-P2180 Panasonic KX-P2624 Panasonic KX-P4410 Panasonic KX-P4420 Panasonic KX-P4430 *Panasonic KX-P4450 Panasonic KX-P4450i Panasonic KX-P4451 Panasonic KX-P4455 v51.4 QMS ® 1725 Print System QMS 2025 Print System QMS 3225 Print System QMS 420 Print System v2011.22 r15 QMS 4525 Print System QMS 860 Print System v2011.22 r15 *QMS ColorScript 100 Model 10 v50.3 QMS ColorScript 100 Model 20 v50.3 QMS ColorScript 100 Model 30 v50.3 QMS ColorScript 100 Model 30si È Ë, °Ï, > J : G : ÿ QMS ColorScript 100 v49.4 QMS ColorScript 210 v2011.22 QMS ColorScript 230 v2011.22 QMS PS Jet Plus v46.1 QMS PS Jet v46.1 QMS-PS ® 1700 v52.4 QMS-PS 2000 v52.4 QMS-PS 2200 v51.0 or 52.3 QMS-PS 2210 v51.0 or 52.3 QMS-PS 2220 v51.0 or 52.3 QMS-PS 410 v52.4 QMS-PS 800 Plus v46.1 QMS-PS 800 v46.1 *QMS-PS 810 Turbo v. 51.7 *QMS-PS 810 v47.0 QMS-PS 815 MR v52.4 QMS-PS 815 v52.4 QMS-PS 820 Turbo v51.7 QMS-PS 820 v51.7 QMS-PS 825 MR v52.4 QMS-PS 825 v52.4 Ï ªÍ, Ä- 9 @ : ÿ QuadLaser I Qume Scrip°Ï, Ä- { , TEN v47.0 Ricoh LP-1200 Ricoh PC Laser 6000-PS v50.5 *Royal CJP 450 Scantext 2030-51 v49.3 or 52.2 Schlumberger 5232 Color PostScript Printer v50.3 Seiko ColorPoint PS Model 04 Seiko ColorPoint PS Model 14 *Seiko Professional ColorPoint 8BPP Seikosha LT-20 Seikosha SL-80 IP Seikosha SL-92 Seikosha SL-92 Plus Seikosha SP-1900 Seikosha SP-1900+ Seikosha SP-2000 Seikosha SP-2400 Seikosha SP-2415 Sharp JX-9300 Sharp JX-9500 Sharp JX-9500E Ò °Ï, Ó- = H¥ : ÿ Sharp JX-9500H Sharp JX-9600 Sharp JX-9700 Sharp JX-9700E Shinko Color CHC-746PSJ PostScript Printer v52.2 Star FR-10 Star FR-15 Star LaserPrinter 4 Star LaserPrinter 4 III Star LaserPrinter 5 Star LaserPrinter 5 EX Star LaserPrinter 8 Star LaserPrinter 8 DB Star LaserPrinter 8 DX Star LaserPrinter 8 II Star LaserPrinter 8 III Star LC-10 Star LC-10 Colour Star LC-100 Colour Star LC-15 Star LC-20 Star LC-200 Star LC24-10 Star LC24-100 Star LC24-15 Star LC24-20 À Ä- Ö- C T : ÿ Star LC24-200 Star LC24-200 Colour Star NB24-10 Star NB24-15 Star NL-10 Star NX-1000 Star NX-1000 Rainbow Star NX-1001 Star NX-1020 Rainbow Star NX-1500 Star NX-2400 Star NX-2410 Star NX-2415 Star NX-2420 Star NX-2420 Rainbow Star NX-2430 Star SJ-48 Star XB-2410 Star XB-2415 Star XB-2420 Star XB-2425 Star XB24-10 Star XB24-15 Star XB24-200 Star XB24-250 Star XR-1000 Star XR-1020 Star XR-1500 Star XR-1520 Star ZA-200 Star ZA-250 Tandy LP-1000 ! å Ó- ÷- < FË : G : G : ÿ Tegra Genesis Tektronix ® Phaser TM 200e with 17 fonts v2011.108(3) Tektronix Phaser 200e with 39 fonts v2011.108(3) Tektronix Phaser 200i v2011.108(3) Tektronix Phaser II PX Tektronix Phaser II PXe v2010.128 with 17 fonts Tektronix Phaser II PXe v2010.128 with 39 fonts Tektronix Phaser II PXi v2010.116 Tektronix Phaser II PXi v2011.108 Tektronix Phaser II PXiJ v2011.108 Tektronix Phaser III PXi v2010.116 *Tektronix Phaser III PXi v2011.108 Tektronix Phaser III PXiJ v2011.108 à Ö-
- < FÁ : G : ÿ Tektronix Phaser IISD v2011.108 Tektronix Phaser PX TI ® 2115 13 fonts v47.0 TI 2115 35 fonts v47.0 TI 850/855 TI microLaser PS17 v.52.1 TI microLaser PS35 v.52.1 TI microLaser XL PS17 v.52.1 TI microLaser XL PS35 v.52.1 TI microLaser16 Turbo v2010.119 TI microLaser6 Turbo v2010.119 TI microLaser9 Turbo v2010.119 TI OmniLaser 2108 v45.0 TI Omnilaser 2115 v47.0 Toshiba GX-400 Toshiba PageLaser12 Triumph Adler SDR 7706 Triumph Adler SDR 7706 PS13 Triumph Adler SDR 7706 PS35 Ò ÷- - 4 6¥ : ÿ Unisys AP9210 Unisys AP9210 17 Fonts v52.1 Unisys AP9210 39 Fonts v52.1 Unisys AP9415 v47.0 Varityper 4000-L300 v52.3 Varityper 4000-L330 v52.3 Varityper 4000-L500 v52.3 Varityper 4000-L530 v52.3 Varityper 4200B-P v49.3 or 52.2 Varityper 4300P v49.3 or 52.2 Varityper Series 4000-5300 v49.3 or 52.2 Varityper Series 4000-5330 v49.3 or 52.2 Varityper Series 4000-5500 v52.2 Varityper VT-600P Varityper VT 600P v48.0 Varityper VT 600W v48.0 Varityper VT4_510A v52.3 ^
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- > J½ : G : ÿ Varityper VT4990 v52.3 VT4_530A v52.3 VT4_530B v52.3 VT4_530C v52.3 VT4_533B v52.3 VT4_533C v52.3 VT4_53EA v52.3 VT4_53EB v52.3 VT4_550A v52.3 VT4_550B v52.3 VT4_550C v52.3 VT4_551A v52.3 VT4_563A v52.3 VT4_563B v52.3 Wang LCS15 FontPlus Wang LCS15 Wang LDP8 Xerox ® DocuTech 135 v2010.130 Xerox DocuTech 85 v2010.130 Xerox DocuTech 90 v2010.130 @ - õ
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- L- ( _ E F ÿ Technical Notes The Windows NT Driver Library is provided on the Windows NT CD-ROM in the \DRVLIB directory, as well as several locations for electronic transmission. Please see the section at the end of this document for instructions on downloading and accessing Windows NT Driver Library drivers. ` / õ
- ¸A- 1 0_ PÈ:H: ÿ 1 This device requires a driver from the \DRVLIB directory on the Windows NT CD-ROM, or the Windows NT Driver Library. 2 This deviL- ¸A- µ
- ce requires a driver from the Windows NT driver library. See the following section on accessing these drivers. 3 Refer to SETUP.TXT for information on configuring this machine/device before installation. 4 Windows NT does not currently support Advanced Power Management (APM). 5 This system requires an ABIOS.SYS driver dated after 11/1/93 to support IDE drives. Call Microsoft Product Support Services to obtain this update. 2 ÿ L- êC- 3 4ÿ PÈ:H: ÿ 6 Contact the manufacturer for information on running Windows NT on this machine. 7 IDE drives greater than 500Mb are only supported with BIOS Version 1.23 or later, with BIOS setting for IDE in standard mode. 8 Only the NCR 53c710 SCSI Host Adapter is supported in this machine. 9 Tested with firmware revisions 3.10 and 3.20. 10 Problems may be encountered using SCSI Removable Media (cartridge) drives on this adapter on this platform. 11 This adapter requires an active terminator for proper performance. â ¸A- ÿE- 3 4Å PÈ:H: ÿ 12 This adapter must be configured for 5 MB/second asynchronous I/O to work with listed CD-ROM drives from NEC. 13 This adapter must be configured for 5 MB/second asynchronous I/O to work with listed CD-ROM drives from Chinon, Hitachi and NEC. 14 Tested with the Unisys PW2 Advantage 3256 (Flemington). 15 Tested with the Unisys PW2 Advantage Plus MPE 4668. 16 Scanners are not supported with this adapter. 17 Removable media drives are not supported with cache module installed.
Ú êC- H- 3 4µ PÈ:H: ÿ 18 CD-audio, tape drives and scanners are not supported on this controller. 19 To use this adapter, at least one device on the bus must provide termination power. 20 Refer to SETUP.TXT for information on configuring this adapter. 21 SCSI BIOS dated before 1991 requires PS/2 Reference Diskette version 1.21 or later. 22 This adapter cannot be used for CD Setup. To install Windows NT with this adapter, use the WINNT.EXE Setup method. 23 Tested with COMPAQ Portable 486c. á ÿE- $J- 7 <Ã PÈ:H: ÿ 24 Tested with NCR System 3000 Model 3350. 25 This adapter is only supported on IRQ-5. 26 This adapter is only supported for use with scanners and CD-ROM drives. 27 Tested with firmware revision 005. 28 Tested with firmware revision 008. 29 This drive is not supported for use with the Adaptec AHA-1542c. 30 This drive is not supported for use with the Future Domain TMC-850M and TMC-1670 adapters. 31 This drive requires double-termination when used with the Adaptec AHA-1742A. ^ + H- L- 3 4W PÈ:H: ÿ 32 The Adaptec AHA-1640 and Ultrastor 24f support only a single disk when used with this drive. This drive is not supported for use with the Future Domain MCS-600 adapter. 33 Requires firmware revision 1.10C to function properly with Windows NT. 34 Supported with CD-ROM drives based on Panasonic CR-52x and CR-56x models only. 35 This drive is not supported with the Adaptec AHA-1640 adapter. 36 Requires firmware version 484 or later for proper operation. 37 This drive is not supported with the IBM PS/2 Microchannel SCSI Host Adapter (with cache). ( ó $J- ªN- 5 8ç PÈ:H: ÿ 38 This drive is not supported with the Future Domain TMC-850M(ER). 39 This drive is not supported with the UltraStor 24fa adapter. 40 This drive is not supported with the Adaptec AHA-1742A adapter. 41 For use with floppy controllers. Separate interface controllers for these types of drives are not supported. 42 Requires that 512-byte sector-sized media be mounted during installation. 43 Supported on x86 only. 44 This adapter is currently supported in its ESC-1/ESC-2 compatibility mode only. - ö L- ã- 7 <í PÈ:H: ÿ 45 Not supported with the the Future Domain TMC-850m. 46 This has been Fault-Tolerance (RAID) tested using Windows NT Advanced Server. 47 Tested with HP C2225B tape drive, HP C2229B disk drive and HP C2226A CD-ROM drive. 48 HP Storage Systems were tested with the appropriate HP SCSI HoªN- ã- µ
- st Adapters. 49 Tested with appropriate StorageWorks options including CD-ROM, Tape and Hard Drives. 50 Also supported on Alpha platforms. 51 FDDI tested only. 52 Supported in Sound Blaster 1.x compatibility mode. Þ £ ªN- Á- ; DG PÈ:H: ÿ 53 Not supported in Sound Blaster 1.x compatibility mode. 54 Error control and flow control forced on. 55 Advanced features disabled. 56 Supported as a client modem only. 57 Flow control forced on. 58 Maximum DTE speed set to 2400. 59 Maximum DTE speed set to 9600. 60 Modem compression forced on. 61 Tested as standard serial ports only. 62 In the UPS applet, check the box "Remote UPS Shutdown" and set it to high. ( ã- é- % P È:: ÿ 8 Á- !- 1 *
Z O[ !- - - Updatesf C é- - # E ÿ How To Find New Drivers in the Windows NT Driver Library (WNTDL) 6 !- ½- ' H < ÿ COMPUSERVE F - - ( < PÈ:H: ÿ A. If you are using WinCIM: ô À ½- ÷- 4 6 PþH~: ÿ 1. From the Services Menu, select GO. 2. Type MSL in the GO dialog box. 3. Select 2 to scan. 4. Search for WNTDL to view the whole WNTDL list or another key word to view specific files. l - - ) "Ø PÈ:H~: ÿ B. If you are not using WinCIM, log onto CompuServe, type GO MSL, then follow instructions 3 and 4 above. * ÷- ¶ - ' PÈ:H: ÿ . - ä - % H< ÿ ONLINE > ¶ - "- ( , PÈ:H: ÿ A. Log onto OnLine. K ä - m- 4 6/ PþH~: ÿ 1. From the Database Menu, select the option to Select DB. 2. Choose the Software Library option. 3. From the Software Library option, select the option Host Items. 4. In the Query box, type WNTDL to review the whole WNTDL list or another key word to view a specific file. ¼ "- )- ) ' PÈ:H: ÿ B. To get more information on a specific file, highlight the file with the cursor and press
º- »- 1 2 ¦[ ÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ»- ²- Disclaimer3 - î- * " : M ÿ While we have endeavored to supply as complete and accurate a list as possible, MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, AS TO THE COMPLETENESS AND ACCURACY OF THIS LIST. This list does not constitute an endorsement of any particular manufacturer. x »- - & ð (O N ÿ Microsoft and BallPoint are registered trademarks and Windows and Windows NT are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation. & î- ²- # N ÿ K - ý- 1 - ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ý- i- TL. Windows NT Reference Booksl 5 ²- i- 7 > ° " "6 ÿ Windows NT Reference Books ( listed by Author ) < ý- ¥- % . ° ÿ Windows NT Unleashed o J i- À- % ÿ Sams : 01/1994 (940101) Trade - $39.95 incl. CD ROM I¥- À- ²- SBN: 0-672-30380-9 I $ ¥- iÀ- % H ° ÿ Programming Windows NT with C & C n H À- ×À- & ÿ Andrews, Mark MIS Press : 11/1993 (931101) $29.95 ISBN: 1-55828-300-5 = iÀ- Á- % 0 ° ÿ Optimizing Windows NT l F ×À- Á- & ÿ Blake, Russ Microsoft : 10/1993 (931001) $34.95 ISBN: 1-55615-619-7 < Á- ¼Á- % . ° ÿ Windows NT Companion q K Á- -Â- & ÿ Borland, Russell Microsoft : 06/1993 (930601) $27.95 ISBN: 1-55615-554-9 k F ¼Á- Â- % ° ÿ Windows NT Administration: Single Systems to Heterogeneous Networks t N -Â- Ã- & ÿ Brain, Marshall PRENTICE HALL : 10/1993 (931001) $40.00 ISBN: 0-13-176694-5 a < Â- mÃ- % x ° ÿ Windows NT Programming: An Introduction Using C Plus Plus p Ã- Ä- & à ÿ Brain, Marshall; Campbell, Kelly PRENTICE HALL : 01/1994 (940101) Trade - write for info. ISBN: 0-13-097833-7 Z 5 mÃ- ]Ä- % j ° ÿ Using Windows NT: The Essentials for Professionals p Ä- óÄ- & à ÿ Brain, Marshall; Campbell, Kelly PRENTICE HALL : 01/1994 (940101) Trade - write for info. ISBN: 0-13-091977-2 I $ ]Ä- <Å- % H ° ÿ Microsoft Windows NT Step by Step t N óÄ- °Å- & ÿ Catapult Inc. Staff Microsoft : 10/1993 (931001) $29.95 ISBN: 1-55615-573-5 R - <Å- Æ- % Z ° ÿ Windows NT Client-Server Developer's Guide r L °Å- tÆ- & ÿ Clark, Jeffrey Sams : 08/1993 (930801) Trade - $39.95 ISBN: 0-672-30302-7 A Æ- µÆ- % 8 ° ÿ Learn Windows NT In a Day ~ X tÆ- 3Ç- & ° ÿ Columbus, Louis PUBLISHER: Wordware Pub : 06/1993 (930601) $14.95 ISBN: 1-55622-365-X ? µÆ- rÇ- % 4 ° ÿ OS/2 2.X vs. Windows NT i 3Ç- È- & Ò ÿ Computer Technology Research Corp. Staff Computer Tech Res : 1994 (940101) $180.00 ISBN: 1-56607-021-X t O rÇ- uÈ- % ° ÿ Microsoft Foundation Class Primer: Programming Windows & Windows NT with MFC q K È- æÈ- & ÿ Conger, Jim Waite Group Pr : 03/1993 (930301) $29.95 ISBN: 1-878739-31-X Y 4 uÈ- ?É- % h ° ÿ Distributing Applications across DCE & Windows NT k æÈ- ÐÉ- & Ö ÿ DCE Staff; Rosenberry, Ward; Teague, Jim O'Reilly & Assocs : 09/1993 (930901) $25.00 ISBN: 1-56592-047-3 I $ ?É- Ê- % H ° ÿ PC Magazine Windows NT Networking p J ÐÉ- Ê- & ÿ Derfler, Frank Ziff-Davis : 02/1993 (930201) $29.95 ISBN: 1-56276-114-5 ` ; Ê- éÊ- % v ° ÿ Network Remote Procedure Calls: Windows NT, Windows, DOS o I Ê- XË- & ÿ Eddon, Guy PRENTICE HALL : 11/1993 (931101) $30.00 ISBN: 0-13-100223-6 K & éÊ- £Ë- % L ° ÿ Windows NT 3.1 Graphics Programming w Q XË- Ì- & ¢ ÿ Ezell, Ben Ziff-Davis : 07/1993 (930701) $34.95 incl. disk ISBN: 1-56276-113-7 ; £Ë- UÌ- % , ° ÿ Help Windows NT 3.1 m G Ì- ÂÌ- & ÿ Ezzell, Ben Ziff-Davis : 10/1993 (931001) $29.95 ISBN: 1-56276-151-X B UÌ- Í- % : ° ÿ Windows NT 3.1 Programming x R ÂÌ- |Í- & ¤ ÿ Ezzell, Ben Ziff-Davis : 06/1993 (930601) $34.95 incl. disk ISBN: 1-56276-112-9 Y 4 Í- ÕÍ- % h ° ÿ Voodoo Windows NT: Tips & Tricks with an Attitude n H |Í- CÎ- & ÿ Feldman, Len Ventana Press : 1994 (940101) $24.95 ISBN: 1-56604-069-8 G " ÕÍ- Î- % D ° ÿ Windows NT: The Next Generation l F CÎ- öÎ- & ÿ Feldman, Leonard Sams : 03/1993 (930301) $22.95 ISBN: 0-672-30298-5 C Î- 9Ï- % < ° ÿ Windows NT: Making the Move h B öÎ- ¡Ï- & ÿ Forney, Jim TAB Bks 02/1993 (930201) $24.95 ISBN: 0-8306-4391-5 G " 9Ï- . % D ° ÿ Windows NT: A Developer's Guide ¡Ï- . ²- x R ¡Ï- . & ¤ ÿ Goodman, Kevin M&T Bks : 09/1993 (930901) $39.95 incl. disk ISBN: 1-55851-306-X > .  . % 2 ° ÿ Windows NT Answer Book \ . D. & ¸ ÿ Groves, James A. Microsoft : 04/1993 (930401) Trade - write for info. ISBN: 1-55615-562-X I $  . . % H ° ÿ Seven Keys to Learning Windows NT w Q D. . & ¢ ÿ Houlette, Forrest New Riders Pub : 06/1993 (930601) $12.95 ISBN: 1-56205-156-3 ` ; . d. % v ° ÿ Migrating to Windows NT: The Insider's Integration Guide z T . Þ. & ¨ ÿ Kennedy, Randall C. Brady Compu Bks : 09/1993 (930901) $26.95 ISBN: 1-56686-103-9 ; d. . % , ° ÿ Windows NT in a Day p J Þ. . & ÿ Knox, Weber Weber Systems : 01/1994 (940101) $27.95 ISBN: 0-929704-25-8 J % . Ó. % J ° ÿ Moving into Windows NT Programming t N . G. & ÿ Leavens, Alex Sams : 05/1993 (930501) $39.95 incl. disk ISBN: 0-672-30295-0 > Ó. . % 2 ° ÿ Windows NT Power Tools k E G. ð. & ÿ Leblond Group Bantam : 07/1993 (930701) $49.95 ISBN: 0-553-37206-8 > . .. % 2 ° ÿ Windows NT Power Tools \ ð. °. & ¸ ÿ Leblond Group Staff Random House : 07/1993 (930701) $50.00 incl. disk ISBN: 0-679-79142-6 L ' .. ü. % N ° ÿ Windows NT Developers Treasure Chest t N °. p. & ÿ McCord, James Sams : 03/1993 (930301) $49.95 incl. disk ISBN: 0-672-30294-2 K & ü. ». % L ° ÿ Microsoft Windows NT Resource Guide v P p. 1. & ÿ Microsoft Microsoft : 08/1993 (930801) $49.95 incl. disks ISBN: 1-55615-598-0 O * ». . % T ° ÿ Microsoft Windows NT Messages Reference { U 1. û. & ª ÿ Microsoft Microsoft Press 09/1993 (930901) $39.95 incl. disks ISBN: 1-55615-600-6 I $ . D. % H ° ÿ Microsoft Windows NT TCP-IP Guide q K û. µ. & ÿ Microsoft Microsoft Press : 07/1993 (930701) $19.95 ISBN: 1-55615-601-4 I $ D. þ. % H ° ÿ Microsoft Windows NT Resource Kit _ µ. . & ¾ ÿ Microsoft Microsoft Press 09/1993 (930901) $99.99 incl. 6 disks & CD-ROM ISBN: 1-55615-602-2 L ' þ. Ï . % N ° ÿ MicroSoft LAN Manager for Windows NT p J . ?
. & ÿ MicroSoft Staff Microsoft : 02/1993 (930201) $39.95 ISBN: 1-55615-543-3 N ) Ï .
. % R ° ÿ Application Programming for Windows NT Z ?
.
. & ´ ÿ Murray, William Osborne-McGraw : 05/1993 (930501) Text ed. - $39.95 ISBN: 0-07-881933-4 H #
. U . % F ° ÿ Mastering Windows NT Programming v P
. Ë . & ÿ Myers, Brian; Hamer, Eric Sybex : 08/1993 (930801) $44.99 ISBN: 0-7821-1264-1 ; U . . % , ° ÿ Ultimate Windows NT g Ë . . & Î ÿ New Riders Development Staff New Riders Pub : 01/1993 (930101) $39.95 incl. disk ISBN: 1-56205-135-0 K & . Þ . % L ° ÿ Customizing & Optimizing Windows NT p . t
. & à ÿ Pappas, Chris H.; Murray, William H. Addison-Wesley : 01/1993 (930101) Call for more info ISBN: 0-201-62624-1 _ Þ . ø
. % ¾ ° ÿ Cross-Platform Power Tools: Application Development for the Macintosh, Windows, & Windows NT w Q t
. o. & ¢ ÿ Petrucci, Steven J. Random House : 12/1993 (931201) $45.00 ISBN: 0-679-79147-7 D ø
. ³. % > ° ÿ Windows NT Instant Reference m G o. . & ÿ Powell, James E. Sybex : 09/1993 (930901) $12.95 ISBN: 0-7821-1219-6 < ³. \. % . ° ÿ Multitask Windows NT } W . Ù. & ® ÿ Powell, Joel Waite Group Pr : 10/1993 (931001) $34.95 incl. disk ISBN: 1-878739-57-3 I $ \. .@. % H ° ÿ UÙ. .@. ²- sing Windows NT: Special Edition s Ù. Ç@. & æ ÿ Que Development Group Staff; Columbus; Eidoson; Woeher; Person Que : 05/1993 (930501) $29.95 ISBN: 1-56529-101-8 F ! .@.
A. % B ° ÿ Teach Yourself. . . Windows NT h B Ç@. uA. & ÿ Rao, Hy MIS Press : 07/1993 (930701) $21.95 ISBN: 1-55828-269-6 ;
A. °A. % , ° ÿ Advanced Windows NT q K uA. !B. & ÿ Richter, Jeffrey Microsoft : 10/1993 (931001) $39.95 ISBN: 1-55615-567-0 = °A. ^B. % 0 ° ÿ Networking Windows NT k E !B. ÉB. & ÿ Ruley, John D. Wiley : 11/1993 (931101) $27.95 ISBN: 0-471-31072-7 H # ^B. C. % F ° ÿ Windows NT: Programming Handbook s M ÉB. C. & ÿ Schildt, Herb Osborne-McGraw : 04/1993 (930401) $29.95 ISBN: 0-07-881873-7 2
C. ¶C. % ° ÿ Windows NT l F C. "D. & ÿ Schwartz, Karl DDC Pub : 06/1993 (930601) $8.95 ISBN: 1-56243-114-5 ? ¶C. aD. % 4 ° ÿ Windows NT Inside & Out r L "D. ÓD. & ÿ Sheldon, Tom Osborne-McGraw : 07/1993 (930701) $27.95 ISBN: 0-07-881826-5 < aD. E. % . ° ÿ Mastering Windows NT j D ÓD. yE. & ÿ Simpson, Alan Sybex : 05/1993 (930501) $29.99 ISBN: 0-7821-1352-4 L ' E. ÅE. % N ° ÿ Mastering Windows NT Special Edition j D yE. /F. & ÿ Simpson, Alan Sybex : 01/1994 (940101) $29.99 ISBN: 0-7821-1128-9 B ÅE. qF. % : ° ÿ Windows NT Advanced Server u O /F. æF. & ÿ Spencer, Kenneth PRENTICE HALL : 06/1994 (940601) $30.00 ISBN: 0-13-107046-0 E qF. +G. % @ ° ÿ Practical Guide to Windows NT b æF. ³G. & Ä ÿ Spencer, Kenneth L.; Schoeniger, Eric-Editor CBM Bks : 1994 (940101) $25.00 ISBN: 1-878956-39-6 : +G. íG. % * ° ÿ Running Windows NT o I ³G. \H. & ÿ Stinson, Craig Microsoft : 08/1993 (930801) $27.95 ISBN: 1-55615-572-7 9 íG. H. % ( ° ÿ Inside Windows NT t N \H. I. & ÿ Stoddard Staff New Riders Pub : 08/1993 (930801) $34.95 ISBN: 1-56205-124-5 r M H. {I. % ° ÿ Van Wolverton's Guide to Windows NT: Easy Directions for Immediate Results q K I. ìI. & ÿ Van Wolverton Random House : 09/1993 (930901) $16.00 ISBN: 0-685-66618-2 ] 8 {I. IJ. % p ° ÿ Windows NT: Microsoft's New Operating System Strategy \ ìI. ËJ. & ¸ ÿ Varhol, Peter D. Computer Tech Res : 02/1993 (930201) Trade - $190.00 ISBN: 1-56607-007-4 J % IJ. K. % J ° ÿ Windows NT: The Complete Reference r L ËJ. K. & ÿ Wyatt, Allen Osborne-McGraw : 06/1993 (930601) $29.95 ISBN: 0-07-881832-X ] 8 K. äK. % p ° ÿ Borland C ++ 4.0 Programming for Windows & Windows NT p K K. TL. % ÿ Yao, Paul Random House House: 01/1994 (940101) $34.00 ISBN: 0-679-75146-7 1 äK. L. 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ L. ÚL. U 3 TL. ÚL. " f
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ÿ There are no entries that begin with the letter Z ©O. . xO. 1 ©O. =. 1 \ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ=. c. & . c. # ÿ p ? =. Ó. 1 Á ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ Ó. . ®. Questions and Answers from Microsofts Executive Briefing CenterK & c. . % L ° ÿ Questions and Answers on Windows NT ² Ó. *. Z e âì (
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ÿ These questions were compiled from customers visiting Microsofts Executive Briefing Center in 1993. What is the difference between Windows NT and Windows NT Advanced Server? If I run a 16-bit Windows-based application on Windows NT and it crashes, can I re-run it without restarting Windows NT? Can I use the Windows NT administration tools across the network? Does Windows NT Advanced Server support X.25 and ISDN? * . T . } È[ âò (
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ÿ Does Windows for NT support RPC (Remote Procedure Calls)? Does Windows NT support a MAC file server? How many 32-Bit applications currently ship for Windows NT? Can Windows NT use IPX instead of NETBEUI? When will there be production NetWare Connectivity for Windows NT? Can you log events to a different machine on an Windows NT-based system? How can server utilization be determined and maximized? Z Ý *. ®. } È» â©~Î
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ÿ What is the maximum number of processor supported by Windows NT ? Does Windows NT come with NFS support? Does Windows NT support X applications? What are the recommended hardware resources for a Windows NT workstation? Is it true that some MS-DOS and Windows-based applications will not run on Windows NT? How compatible is Windows NT with DCE? When Will Windows NT incorporate a scripting language such as REXX, the Korn Shell or Hamilton C-Shell Q T . 0. 1 Ã ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ0. q. What is the difference between Windows NT and Windows NT Advanced Server - Answery O ®. ©. * $
ÿ - What is the difference between Windows NT and Windows NT Advanced Server : 0. ã. ) # ÿ Answer: Microsoft® Windows NT Advanced Server is a superset of the Windows NT, operating system, and is designed to be the best solution for file, print, and application servers. Components included in Windows NT Advanced Server that are not part of Windows NT include: y P ©. \. ) " P È:
ÿ · Advanced fault tolerance (disk mirroring, disk duplexing, RAID 5, and UPS) K " ã. §. ) "D P È:
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ÿ · Enterprise directory and naming and replication services · Multi-user Remote Access Services for Macintosh® ( §. q. % ÿ b I. . 1 ¤ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ. . If I run a 16-bit Windows application on NT and it crashes, can I re-run it without restarting NT?. þ q. 2. 0 .ý
ÿ If I run a 16-bit Windows-based application on Windows NT and it crashes, can I re-run it without restarting Windows NT? Answer : Yes - Because the Windows subsystem runs 16-bit applications in the same address space it is possible for one application to bring down the subsystem. However, the subsystem itself runs as a protected process separate from other subsystems or system components. One can shut down the Windows Subsystem and restart it. This should enable the user to restart their application. ã ½ . . & { ÿ In the next version of Windows NT, users can elect to run 16-bit Windows-based applications in their own virtual machine. This effectively isolates each 16-bit Windows-based application. k : 2. . 1 é ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ. »Á. $ # Are the Windows NT system tools remotely controllable?i D . À. % °
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ÿ Answer: All Administration tools except Disk Manager can be used remotely to control remote networked-connected Windows NT-based workstations or servers -provided the individual has security access to that machine. The administration tools can even be used over dial-up connections initiated through Remote Access Services. More Information on Windows NT Administration m < À. (Â. 1 Ì ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ(Â. Ã. Does Windows NT Advanced Server offer X.25 and ISDN support?d ? »Á. Â. % ~ °
ÿ Does Windows NT Advanced Server offer X.25 and ISDN support? û Å (Â. Ã. 6 : ã '3
ÿ Answer : Windows NT supports both ISDN and X.25 for network and host connectivity. Both can be utilized for Remote Access Services or SNA Server for Windows NT. More on Windows NT Networking n = Â. õÃ. 1 á ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿõÃ. hÅ. Does Windows for NT support RPC (Remote Procedure Calls)?qa_7a 9 Ã. VÄ. ( r °
ÿ Does Windows NT support RPC (Remote Procedure Calls) æ õÃ. hÅ. , &Í
ÿ Answer: Yes. It is built in natively to Windows NT; It complies with the DCE (Distributed Computing Environment) specifications. The administration tools in Windows NT use RPC to derive system information from remote systems. [ * VÄ. ÃÅ. 1 ¿ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÃÅ. 'É. Does Windows NT support a MAC file server?R - hÅ. Æ. % Z °
ÿ Does Windows NT support a MAC file server? ± ÃÅ. ÆÈ. , &
ÿ Answer: Windows NT Services for Macintosh (included with Windows NT Advanced Server) is a set of integrated tools facilitating better productivity and integration with Macintosh users. These include the AFP-compatible file server which allows Macintosh users to connect to a Windows NT-based server the same way they would connect to an AppleShare® server, a Print Server, and Print Monitor, which allows Macintosh users on the network to spool their print jobs to a Windows NT-based server. Finally, the services include a complete AppleTalk® Stack, providing seamless connectivity between Macintosh clients and Windows NT Advanced Servers a 3 Æ. 'É. . ,f ãz
ÿ More on Windows NT services for the Macintosh c 2 ÆÈ. É. 1 p ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÉ. Ê. How many applications are shipping for Windows NT?Z 5 'É. äÉ. % j °
ÿ How many applications are shipping for Windows NT? ³ { É. Ê. 8 @ö
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ÿ Answer: There are currently over 200 32-bit applications for Windows NT. 32-Bit Application catalog for Windows NT W & äÉ. îÊ. 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿîÊ. ²Ì. Does Windows NT have an IPX transport?N ) Ê. <Ë. % R °
ÿ Does Windows NT have an IPX transport? v = îÊ. ²Ì. 9 @{
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ÿ Answer: Windows NT includes an IPX transport for both peer sharing and the ability to access NetWare servers for file and print sharing. redirectors for Windows NT-based client access to NetWare file and print services are available from both Novell and Microsoft. More on integrating Windows NT with NetWare k : <Ë. Í. 1 â ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ Í. Î. Can you log events to a different machine on an NT system?j E ²Ì. Í. % °
ÿ Can you log events to a different machine on an Windows NT system?
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ÿ Answer: Yes, since the Event Viewer can track remote machines, an administrator can track multiple Windows NT-based clients or servers and log system events. More Information on Windows NT Administration h 7 Í. üÎ. 1 ± ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿüÎ. S/ How can server utilization be determined and maximized?_ : Î. [Ï. % t °
ÿ How can server utilization be determined and maximized? ì ² üÎ. S/ : Be
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ÿ Answer: Using Performance Monitor one can graphically analyze over 200 system functions. You can then u[Ï. S/ Î. se the remote capabilities of the Windows NT administration tools to manually adjust the necessary system settings remotely. The Windows NT Resource Kit also provides a tool called PView. This examines individual processes and allows administrators to end a specific process. More Information on Windows NT Administration f 5 [Ï. ¹/ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ¹/ ë/ How many processors can Windows NT take advantage of?f ; S/ / + &v °
ÿ How many processors can Windows NT take advantage of? } R ¹/ / + &¤
ÿ Answer: Currently Windows NT Advanced Server can address up to 32 processors. O % / ë/ * $J °ãèE
ÿ More on Symmetric Multiprocessing _ . / J/ 1 g ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿJ/ R/ Can I run X Windows applications on Windows NTW 2 ë/ ¡/ % d °
ÿ Can I run X Windows applications on Windows NT? ± J/ R/ / , ÿ Answer : X Windows is a graphical distributed computing model developed at MIT. With X Windows, an application which runs on a server system is called the client, which sends commands over the network to display its results on the X Windows server. In many networks, dedicated hardware systems known as X Terminals provide the X display software and hardware to display remote X clients on a user's desk. Third parties are developing X Windows server solutions for Windows NT. This software will enable users to use Windows NT as a high-powered X server platform while retaining compatibility with Windows NT, Windows 3.1 and MS-DOS-based applications on the same system. Other third parties are developing X Windows client libraries for Windows NT, so developers can write X client applications on Windows NT which can be run and displayed remotely on systems providing X server capabilities. [ * ¡/ / 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿ/ h / 13. Does Windows NT come with NFS support?N ) R/ û/ % R °
ÿ Does Windows NT come with NFS support? m D / h / ) ÿ Answer : Windows NT, with its built-in TCP/IP support, provides a great framework for NFS, although we have chosen not to offer NFS support in the product. Microsoft is cooperating with third parties to provide quality NFS clients and servers under Windows NT this year. Our open networking architecture makes it easier for third parties to bring existing NFS implementations to Windows NT. We support their efforts, and will communicate the availability and details of their products as they become available. Both SunSelect and FTP Software, leaders in PC-based NFS solutions, are committed to providing NFS solutions on Windows NT and have demonstrated initial technologies at several trade events. Other TCP/IP solution companies such as Frontier Technologies, Beame and Whiteside, and NetManage have announced similar solutions. ~ M û/ æ / 1 \ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿæ / Ä
/ 14. What are the recommended hardware resources for a Windows NT workstation?q L h / W / % °
ÿ What are the recommended hardware resources for a Windows NT workstation? z R æ / Ñ / ( ¤ ÿ Answer : To run Windows NT as a workstation Microsoft recommends the following: Ë m W /
/ ^ #Úÿ f ÿ . ÿ h O ÿÿÿ 486 25MHz or greater 150 MB Hard drive 16 MB RAM Recommended : high resolution monitor and CD ROM Drive ( Ñ / Ä
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ÿ Is it true that some MS-DOS and Windows-based applications will not run on Windows NT? ï Æ F/ ¿@/ ) ÿ Answer: Yes. In order to fully protect the operating system, Windows NT isolates application subsystem from the hardware. Any MS-DOS or Windows-based application that makes direct hardware calls will need some adaptation to run under Windows NT. Some of the more notable apÄ/ ¿@/ Ä
/ plications were 3270 emulation or FAX products that directly call hardware adapters. In many cases, the third party developers wrote Windows NT device drivers for the hardware. W & Ä/ A/ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿA/ [C/ How compatible is Windows NT with DCE?r N ¿@/ A/ $ Ä ÿ How compatible is Windows NT with DCE? What is your compatibility with DCE? Ó © A/ [C/ * "S ÿ Answer: Windows NT 3.1 includes RPC that is compatible with DCE. This is not a complete implementation of the DCE/RPC but it is fully interoperable with DCE/RPC and Windows NT has been demonstrated interoperating with RPC running under VMS as an example of the potential for heterogeneous connectivity. In future releases of Windows NT, support for DCE will be strengthened to include name services and kerberos security. v E A/ ÑC/ 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÑC/ wF/ 9. When will there be production NetWare Connectivity for Windows NT?j E [C/ ;D/ % °
ÿ When will there be production NetWare Connectivity for Windows NT? <
ÑC/ wF/ / , ÿ Answer: Currently, both the Novell and Microsoft redirectors for Windows NT are in beta testing. Microsoft currently plans to ship the NetWare Workstation Compatible Services (NWCS) in May 1994. The prolonged beta test period is designed to address the vast number of environments and to ensure excellent bug-free delivery of the redirector. Novell is taking the same steps and announced a similar delivery time frame. Both redirectors are available on CompuServe. See Integrating Windows NT and Novell NetWare section. f ;D/ G/ 1 C ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ! ÿÿÿÿG/ ºJ/ When Will Windows NT incorporate a scripting language such as REXX, the Korn Shell or Hamilton C-Shell i wF/ G/ % Ò °
ÿ When Will Windows NT incorporate a scripting language such as REXX, the Korn Shell or Hamilton C-Shell ô G/ ºJ/ * "é ÿ Answer: The Windows NT operating system and shell are programatically exposed through the WIN32 API. While Windows NT, itself, does not include a scripting language Microsoft plans to introduce a 32-Bit version of Visual Basic which will be tightly integrated into the Windows NT operating system. Today, the Korn Shell the Hamilton C-Shell and REXX are all available for Windows NT. While preserving the expertise in these specific environments, they provide access to the system and its customization, configuration and administrative functions. These tools can be used to automate both end-user and administrative functions such as starting and running applications or configuring user accounts or compiling performance benchmarks of remote servers. Õ ¤ G/ K/ 1 þ ÿÿÿÿ^ " K/ åK/ ²O/ Integrating Windows NT and Novell NetWare PW(0,0,675,850,3,"MAIN");EB("btn_topic_index");SaveMark("topic_index"); CBB("btn_next_index", "PI(`nteval.hlp',`next_5')")V - ºJ/ åK/ ) "Z °° - ÿ Integrating Windows NT and Novell NetWare Z K/ ~N/ ? Lµ °° ÿ The Microsoft ® Windows NT operating system can act as a client, a server, or both to an existing Novell ® NetWare ® environment. As a client, it allows developers or "power users" seamless access to NetWare file and print servers through an intuitive yet flexible interface. For current NetWare users, Windows NT Advanced Server provides the advanced performance and fault tolerance components necessary for mission-critical client server applications. Microsoft helps you get the most out of your existing investment in NetWare, while using or evaluating the advanced features of Windows NT. 4 ä åK/ ²O/ P nÉ ã/yB
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âå6 ÿ Using Windows NT-based Clients in a NetWare Environment Windows NT Advanced Server as an Application Server Windows NT Advanced Server in NetWare Environments Getting More Information about Windows NT and NetWare h 7 ~N/ &/ 1 ` ¦^ ¬_ # &/ / º/ Using Windows NT-based Client²O/ &/ ²O/ s in a NetWare Environmente ; ²O/ / * $v R ÿ Using Windows NT-based Clients in a NetWare Environment Ê &/ U/ E X °° ÿ Because networking is a fundamental part of the Windows NT operating system, access to department or enterprise resources such as file servers and printers is transparent. Consequently, the architecture of Windows NT allows users to connect to many different server resources such as Banyan ® Vines ® , IBM ® LAN Server, Windows for Workgroups, and UNIX ® servers simultaneously. p D / Å/ , & ° ÿ This transparency allows you to focus on information and problem-solving, rather than the underlying network operating system. It also means that as you evaluate Windows NT you can easily attach to NetWare servers, Map drives and access NetWare print queues as you would under the MS-DOS ® or Windows operating systems. õ ¨ U/ º/ M hQ ãç!îR
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ÿ For Additional Information: The Novell NetWare Redirector for Windows NT The Microsoft NetWare-Compatible Redirector for Windows NT NWLink for Windows NT ] , Å/ / 1 ³ ^ ® ` $ / m / ï/ The Novell NetWare Redirector for Windows NTV / º/ m / ' ^ R ÿ The Novell NetWare Redirector for Windows NT Ó ¦ / @/ - (M ÿ Novell currently supports a beta version of their redirector for Windows NT. Like similar requestors for MS-DOS, Windows and OS/2 ® , the client software supports: ð ¢ m / 0/ N jE R·:´
ÿ · Connectivity to NetWare servers · NetWare server drive maps · Use of NetWare file services · Access to NetWare print queues · Access to NetWare APIs T & @/ / . ,L V·:´
ÿ · Support for NDIS and ODI Drivers H ! 0/ Ì/ ' B R ÿ Support Specific to Windows NT Ë } / / N jû R·:´
ÿ · Support for DEC Alpha and MIPs version of Windows NT · Username and password from MS Windows NT machine login may be used to authenticate to a NetWare server. · Uses the Windows NT Network Settings Control Panel installation interface. · Unlimited number of concurrent connections · Enables communication to future NetWare servers running on protocols other than IPX. V - Ì/ í/ ) "Z ° ÿ More about the Novell Netware Redirector: ¬ / ï/ V zY ãü»*
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ÿ Installing the NetWare Redirector for Windows NT Accessing NetWare Services Supported Network Adapters Limitations in the current Novell NetWare Requestor _ . í/ N/ 1 Î ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ% N/ »/ cÌ/ Supported Network Cards for NetWare Redirectorm A ï/ »/ , (
ÿ Supported Network Cards for NetWare Redirector as of 11/3/93 p = N/ +/ 3 #6z& °° ÿÿÿ ODI drivers for the following network cards are supported: 4 »/ ±/ R #thÈ& ³ °°ÿ R ÿ 6 Rÿÿÿ 3Com EtherLink II (DIX) 3Com EtherLink II (BNC) | 9 +/ -/ C #VrÈ& ³ R ÿ : Rÿÿÿ 3Com EtherLink II/16 (DIX) 3Com EtherLink II/16 (BNC) o , ±/ / C #VXÈ& ³ R ÿ * Rÿÿÿ 3Com EtherLink III 3Com EtherLink III TP ] -/ ù/ C #V4È& ³ R ÿ Rÿÿÿ AMD AM2100 AMD AM1500T G / / C #VÈ& ³ R ÿ H Rÿÿÿ Ansel M1500 All-In-One-Networking Ansel M2100 All-In-One-Networking b ù/ å/ C #V>È& ³ R ÿ * Rÿÿÿ Microdyne EXOS 105 HP J2405 c / H/ C #V@È& ³ R ÿ " Rÿÿÿ IBM Token Ring Novell NE1000 q . å/ ¹/ C #V\È& ³ R ÿ Rÿÿÿ Novell NE2000 Novell NE2000PLUS (I/O Mode) x 5 H/ =À/ C #VjÈ& ³ R ÿ L Rÿÿÿ Nov¹/ =À/ ï/ ell NE2000PLUS (Shared RAM Mode) Novell NE2100 d ! ¹/ ¡À/ C #VBÈ& ³ R ÿ " Rÿÿÿ Novell NE1500T Novell NTR2000 x 5 =À/ Á/ C #VjÈ& ³ R ÿ 6 Rÿÿÿ Proteon p1391 RapiDriver Proteon p1392 RapiDriver k ( ¡À/ Á/ C #VPÈ& ³ R ÿ ( Rÿÿÿ Pure Data PDI8023 Pure Data PDI8023T q . Á/ õÁ/ C #V\È& ³ R ÿ . Rÿÿÿ Pure Data PDI8023-16 Pure Data PDI8023T-16 y 6 Á/ nÂ/ C #VlÈ& ³ R ÿ 6 Rÿÿÿ Pure Data PDI8023PLUS-16 Pure Data PDI8023TPLUS-16 f # õÁ/ ÔÂ/ C #VFÈ& ³ R ÿ $ Rÿÿÿ SMC (WD) 8003EP SMC (WD) 8003WC i & nÂ/ =Ã/ C #VLÈ& ³ R ÿ ( Rÿÿÿ SMC Elite 8013EWC SMC Elite 8013WC i & ÔÂ/ ¦Ã/ C #VLÈ& ³ R ÿ ( Rÿÿÿ SMC Elite 8013EPC SMC Elite 8013EW g $ =Ã/
Ä/ C #VHÈ& ³ R ÿ & Rÿÿÿ SMC Elite 8013EP SMC Elite 8013W q . ¦Ã/ ~Ä/ C #V\È& ³ R ÿ . Rÿÿÿ SMC Elite Ultra 8216 SMC Elite Ultra 8216C j '
Ä/ èÄ/ C #VNÈ& ³ R ÿ 0 Rÿÿÿ SMC Elite Ultra 8216T Wearnes 2110T ] ~Ä/ EÅ/ C #V4È& ³ R ÿ Rÿÿÿ Wearnes 2107C WD 8003E [ èÄ/ Å/ C #V0È& ³ R ÿ Rÿÿÿ WD 8003EBT WD 8003WT Y EÅ/ ùÅ/ C #V,È& ³ R ÿ Rÿÿÿ WD 8003W WD 8003EB R Å/ KÆ/ C #V È& ³ R ÿ Rÿÿÿ WD 8013EBT ( ùÅ/ sÆ/ % R ÿ X ! KÆ/ ËÆ/ 7 #>B& $ R ÿÿÿ Micro Channel Architecture: 1 sÆ/ MÇ/ Q #rbÈ& ³ Rÿ R ÿ 0 Rÿÿÿ 3Com EtherLink 16 MC 3Com EtherLink 16 MC TP u 2 ËÆ/ ÂÇ/ C #VdÈ& ³ R ÿ 0 Rÿÿÿ 3Com EtherLink III MC 3Com EtherLink III MC TP f # MÇ/ (È/ C #VFÈ& ³ R ÿ ( Rÿÿÿ IBM Token Ring MC Novell NE2 MC ~ ; ÂÇ/ ¦È/ C #VvÈ& ³ R ÿ & Rÿÿÿ Novell NE2_32 MC Proteon p1892 RapiDriver Token-Ring MC s 0 (È/ É/ C #V`È& ³ R ÿ 6 Rÿÿÿ Pure Data PDuC8023-16 MC SMC (WD) 8003E/A MC j ' ¦È/ É/ C #VNÈ& ³ R ÿ , Rÿÿÿ SMC (WD) 8003W/A MC SMC 8013EP/A MC W É/ ÚÉ/ C #V(È& ³ R ÿ $ Rÿÿÿ SMC 8013WP/A MC M É/ 'Ê/ B #T& Rÿ R
ÿÿÿ EISA ? ÚÉ/ ¶Ê/ P #p~È& ³ Rÿ R ÿ > Rÿÿÿ ODI 3Com EtherLink III EISA ODI 3Com EtherLink III EISA TP y 6 'Ê/ /Ë/ C #VlÈ& ³ R ÿ < Rÿÿÿ ODI DEC FDDIcontroller/EISA ODI Novell NE3200 EISA M ¶Ê/ ¿Ë/ C #VÈ& ³ R ÿ > Rÿÿÿ ODI Novell NF32000 FDDI EISA ODI Proteon p199X RapiDriver Token-Ring EISA = /Ë/ ?Ì/ C #VzÈ& ³ R ÿ @ Rÿÿÿ ODI INTEL EtherExpress32 EISA ODI Microdyne EXOS235T EISA $ ¿Ë/ cÌ/ " ÿ d 3 ?Ì/ ÇÌ/ 1 £ ® ` 8` & ÇÌ/ $Í/ ð0 Limitations in the Current Novell NetWare Requester] 6 cÌ/ $Í/ ' l R ÿ Limitations in the Current Novell NetWare Requester å ÇÌ/ /Î/ & Ë R ÿ As of this writing (November 3 release of NetWare Requester), the NetWare Requester available on CompuServe fixes a number of problems in previous releases. However, there are still some limitations in this release including: í $Í/ JÏ/ . *Û R:¢
ÿ · The NetWare Requester cannot map a drive letter to a NetWare volume and then reshare it to other clients on the network. This makes it virtually impossible to use a Windows NT-based machine as gateway to a group of NetWare servers. ^ /Î/ î 0 : B½ V:¢
ÿ · The NetWare Requester is not able to redirect print queues from a Windows NT-based machine shared by others to existing JÏ/ î 0 cÌ/ print servers on NetWare. · This version of the NetWare Client does not include support for MS-DOS-based applications which use NetWare APIs, such as SYSCON, MAP, FILER, etc. This support will be added in future versions. n JÏ/ 0 & Ü ° ÿ While NWCS has some limitations in its support of NetWare APIs, it will support all of the above functions. n @ î 0 ð0 . , Rã¤\ö\
ÿ The Microsoft NetWare-Compatible Redirector for Windows NT a 0 0 Q0 1 u ¬_ }_ ' Q0 «0 ï0 Installing the NetWare Redirector for Windows NTZ 3 ð0 «0 ' f R ÿ Installing the NetWare Redirector for Windows NT Æ Q0 q0 ' ? °° ÿ Before you can proceed, you must download the software from CompuServe onto your machine running Windows NT, putting it either on a disk or in a directory. D «0 µ0 , &1 ° ÿ Included with the software that you will download from CompuServe ® is a NWTI.TXT file. If you follow its instructions, you should encounter no problems installing the products. Unlike previous versions, you are not required to make registry changes, and many bugs were fixed. Q * q0 0 ' T ÄR ÿ How to Download the Redirector Software 1 µ0 70 & ° ÿ Go to NOVFILES and select the client kits. Under this you will find the option to download the Windows NT-based client software. You will be downloading one large file, named NWTI.EXE. Executing this file will expose a variety of files needed for the installation. 8 0 o0 ' " ÄR ÿ Password Hints Z 70 ï0 & µ ° ÿ We strongly suggest that you use the same word for your username and password on Windows NT as it exists in NetWare. By doing this you will be able to log into Windows NT and then connect to a NetWare server, without further validation from NetWare. Windows NT will pass through your user name and password when requesting connection services. U $ o0 D0 1 A }_ ` ( D0 0 0 Netware - Accessing NetWare ServicesD ï0 0 ' : R ÿ Accessing NetWare Services ^ D0 0 & ¼ °° ÿ NetWare Services are available through the Control Panel, Print Manager, and File Manager. e 0 0 ' Ë ° ÿ The NetWare icon in the Control Panel lists your connections, username, and connection ID. You can add network connections by selecting "NetWare" from the Control Panel and hitting "Insert." Type in Username, Password, and Server, then choose "Login." To delete a network connection, simply select the connection and hit "Delete." That connection will be logged out. Redirection of a local printer port to a NetWare print queue is now supported. The NetWare Requester allows you to print directly to NetWare print queues or redirect from the command line. To print to a NetWare queue, choose "Print Manager" from the "Main" window. Then from the "Printer" menu, choose "Connect Printer." Browse the NetWare servers for the queue to which you wish to print. The redirector now allows you to drag and drop documents from the file manager directly to the NetWare queue. p ? 0
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0 bD0 Netware - Netware Workstation Compatible Service for Windows NT_ 8 0 g
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0 S0 ' °° ÿ The NetWare Workstation Compatible Service (NWCS) for Windows NT is Microsoft's solution for allowing Windows NT-based workstations to access files, directories, and printers on NetWare servers. á g
0 f0 2 2Ã ° ÿ After NWCS is installed, the service can be configured, or it can be used immediately for accessing the files, directories and print queues that reside on NetWare 2. x , 3. x and 4.0 (with bindery emulation) file servers. q S0 A0 , &ã â Wj¾ ÿ NWCS is a fully native implementation of a NetWare-compatible redirector for Windows NT. It is implemented f0 A0 0 as a 32-bit service, taking full advantage of the advanced communications architecture of Windows NT. As a native, Windows NT-based networking application, it provides a well-integrated and seamless extension of the Windows NT native networking environment. ¶ f0 C0 L fm ó âáeb
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ÿ In addition to supporting an unlimited number of connections, NWCS also supports an auto-reconnect feature, which remembers previously-established connections for you. Like the default Windows NT Redirector, NWCS is implemented as a file system driver, giving it access to other file system drivers such as FAT and NTFS . NWCS takes advantage of several file-system services offered by Windows NT, such as cache management . Q A0 bD0 K d
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ÿ NWCS communicates with transport protocols through TDI . It also supports both IPX and SPX II protocols, which use the Open Driver Interface (ODI). The Windows NT default protocols, including TCP/IP, NBF, and DLC, use NDIS . How to Get the NWCS Beta K C0 D0 1 Á ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ* ÿÿÿÿD0 #E0 Netware - Diagramatic Viewv > bD0 #E0 8 @~ ° " ÿ NetWare Compatible Service for Windows NT Architecture A D0 dE0 1 L ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ+ ÿÿÿÿdE0 oF0 cache management; #E0 E0 ' ( ÄR ÿ Cache Management Ð ª dE0 oF0 & U ° ÿ helps increase the performance of your system by reading ahead during sequential file access and buffering multiple operations to reduce the amount of network traffic. n = E0 ÝF0 1 U b l` , ÝF0 AG0 eL0 Netware - Windows NT Advanced Server as an Application Serverd > oF0 AG0 & | ÿ Why Use Windows NT Advanced Server as an Application Server á ÝF0 IH0 ' Ã °° ÿ Windows NT Advanced Server is a high-end operating system that offers the advanced features that MIS managers, software developers, and systems integrators have come to expect on platforms designed for business solutions. R % AG0 K0 - (K ÿ Windows NT Advanced Server includes all of the networking capabilities found in network operating systems such as NetWare, without actually being a network operating system. Instead, it is a high-end server operating system with built-in networking, designed to provide the best features of UNIX, VMS ® , and other high-end operating systems in a package that is consistent and compatible across a variety of hardware implementations. Novell NetWare includes support for server-based applications, called NetWare Loadable Modules (NLMs), but the NLM-running environment is based on the functions that Novell used to build its file and print server product. Consequently, while Novell NetWare is well designed for file and print services, its architecture is not optimal for running server applications. d 6 IH0 ÿK0 . ,l ãßì1
ÿ NetWare Has Limitations as an Application Server f 9 K0 eL0 - *r ãt`L
ÿ The Advanced Features of Windows NT Advanced Server b 1 ÿK0 ÇL0 1 r ¹` a - ÇL0 !M0 Õ0 NetWare Has Limitations as an Applications ServerZ 3 eL0 !M0 ' f R ÿ NetWare Has Limitations as an Application Server u O ÇL0 M0 & °° ÿ NetWare's limitations as an application server stem from these shortcomings: Ö ¤ !M0 lN0 2 2I RÙ Øð9
ÿ 1. NetWare does not scale beyond single CPU Intel based systems. 2. NetWare does not provide preemptive multitasking. 3. NetWare does not provide virtual memory. g M0 O0 . ,Î V°Ù Øð9
ÿ 4. NetWare provides only limited memory protection in NetWare 4.0 and no protection in NetWare 3.11. È ¢ lN0 Õ0 & E ° ÿ Business solutions based on the client-server model require these features, which are standard on most advanced operating systems designed to support mini-computers and mainframes. However, Novell's focus with NetWarO0 Õ0 eL0 e is on the network, not on the operating system. Like other network operating systems, NetWare is effective at adding networking capabilities to operating systems that do not include these services. n = O0 C0 1 , l` Ia . C0 0 0 Netware - The Advanced Features of Windows NT Advanced Server] 6 Õ0 0 ' l R ÿ The Advanced Features of Windows NT Advanced Server c = C0 0 & z °° ÿ Windows NT Advanced Server offers these advanced features: µ 0 0 a k RÙ Øð9
ÿ 1. Preemptive multitasking , to provide the responsiveness required to support multiple applications and multiple users on a single server 2. Multithreading , to facilitate the design and development of complex applications 3. Symmetric multiprocessing , to build solutions that benefit from scalable power effectively without limits 4. Portability to RISC-based systems , which gives you a choice of hardware architectures ! 0 0 a C RÙ Øð9
ÿ 5. Advanced fault tolerance , to provide the data integrity required for important business information 6. Virtual memory with protection , so that multiple applications can run on a server without corrupting each other or the system 7. Distributed inter-process communications mechanisms , which enable client-server applications to be written easily and independently of the underlying network 8. Security model , which provides full discretionary access so that business data can be accessed by the right people in the right way d 3 0 ÿ0 1 w a 7a / ÿ0 Z0 0 Windows NT Advanced Servers in NetWare Environments[ 5 0 Z0 & j ÿ Windows NT Advanced Server in NetWare Environments ð Ã ÿ0 J0 - ( °°
ÿ To facilitate the integration of Windows NT Advanced Server with existing NetWare clients, Microsoft has included its own transport fully compatible with the IPX/SPX transport called NWLink . á Z0 ]0 2 2Ã ° P ÿ With NWLink, your clients that are in a NetWare LAN environment can have easy access to the Windows NT Advanced Servers and the server applications running on them, without any additional software. You can also access Windows NT Advanced Servers client systems running MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Windows TM for Workgroups, Windows NT, OS/2, and Macintosh ® systems. Access to the Windows NT Advanced Server does not conflict with access to Novell NetWare in any way. C J0 0 . ,* °ã/L]
ÿ More on NW Link F ]0 æ0 1 ¥ Ia a 0 æ0 %0 0 NWLink for Windows NT? 0 %0 ' 0 R ÿ NWLink for Windows NT w Q æ0 0 & £ ° ÿ The NetWare Link (NWLink) is compatible with IPX, SPX, and NetBIOS, which are used in Novell NetWare networks. NWLink provides communication between a Windows NT-based computer and either another Windows NT-based computer, or a NetWare workstation. Two networking Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) are supported to allow this: T %0 ð0 ; F2 Rñ ð9 ãÕµnï
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ÿ Similar to the Windows NT TCP/IP implementation, NWLink is a STREAMS -based protocol. Because the STREAMS environment on Windows NT supports TDI at the top, and NDIS on the bottom, NWLink can seamlessly coexist with other protocols on the same network adapter. >
=0 ×0 1 / ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ1 ÿÿÿÿ×0 À0 Netware - TDI- 0 0 ' ÄR ÿ TDI Ä ×0 À0 & = ° ÿ Transport Driver Interface: a 32-bit interface to which Windows NT transports adhere, to isolate networking applications from the specifics of a transport. 0 À0 0 ? 0 KÀ0 1 x ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ2 ÿÿÿÿKÀ0 Á0 Netware - NDIS. À0 yÀ0 ' ÄR ÿ NDIS à KÀ0 Á0 & Á ° ÿ Network Driver Interface Specification: a standard interface that network adapter drivers and transports follow to isolate each other from the specifics of the card or the transport. NDIS 3.0 is implemented on Windows NT. 8 yÀ0 ·Á0 1 { ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ3 ÿÿÿÿ·Á0 úÂ0 STREAMS1
Á0 èÁ0 ' ÄR ÿ STREAMS ì ·Á0 úÂ0 & Ù ° ÿ A protocol interface and environment, originally developed for UNIX systems, that standardizes communication with adjacent software layers. By implementing STREAMS within Windows NT, transports can be easily ported from UNIX systems. B èÁ0 <Ã0 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ4 <Ã0 mÃ0 ÜÈ0 Netware - NetBIOS1
úÂ0 mÃ0 ' R ÿ NetBIOS ] <Ã0 ñÄ0 ' » °° ÿ The NetBIOS support can be used to send and receive NetBIOS packets either between a NetWare workstation and a computer running Windows NT, or between two Windows NT-based computers. You will see a significant performance gain in cases where all computers are Windows NT-based computers, because of Microsoft enhancements to the NetBIOS protocol. = mÃ0 .Æ0 & / ÿ The Microsoft-enhanced NetBIOS protocol not only conforms to the standard single request/reply implementation, but also uses to its advantage the knowledge that it is conversing with another computer that understands the enhancements. The enhancements increase efficiency by: p ñÄ0 ÌÆ0 . ,à Pñ ð9 ÿ · Allowing the sender to send multiple NetBIOS packets before receiving an acknowledgment (a sliding window) n > .Æ0 :Ç0 0 0| V°ñ ð9 ÿ · Supporting the "piggybacking" of NetBIOS acknowledgments ¢ | ÌÆ0 ÜÈ0 & ù ° ÿ NetBIOS acknowledgments are sent by the receiver after receiving the last packet of a NetBIOS message, and "piggybacking" of acknowledgments saves network bandwidth and processing time on the computers, since a separate acknowledgment frame does not need to be processed and sent. This is especially noticeable during times of heavy two-way traffic between sender and receiver. J :Ç0 &É0 1 ¯ 7a ÿÿÿÿ5 &É0 _É0 ÝË0 Netware - Windows Sockets9 ÜÈ0 _É0 ' $ R ÿ Windows Sockets ] &É0 ïÊ0 3 4» °° âüuo¢
ÿ The Windows Sockets interface is ideal for supporting existing NetWare applications written to comply with the NetWare IPX/SPX Sockets interface. The Windows NT-based computer acts as an application server responding to the IPX or SPX packets, which are sent to or received from workstations running MS-DOS, Windows, or OS/2 NetWare. Example î  _É0 ÝË0 , & ° ÿ Examples of programming, using the Windows Sockets interface for sending and receiving IPX and or SPX packets through NWLink, are available through the Win32 ® Software Developers Kit (SDK). B ïÊ0 Ì0 1 Å ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ6 ÿÿÿÿ Ì0 ¢Í0 Netware - Example1
ÝË0 PÌ0 ' ÄR ÿ Example R , Ì0 ¢Í0 & Y R ÿ SQL Server running on Windows NT takes advantage of the Windows Sockets interface to SPX, to allow existing NetWare SQL Server clients using the NetWare Redirector and IPX transport supplied by Novell, to communicate with the server that is listening to requests via the Windows Sockets interface. i 8 PÌ0 Î0 1 @ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ7 ÿÿÿÿ Î0 F1 How to Get More Information about Windows NT and NetWarea ; ¢Í0 lÎ0 & v ÿ How to Get More Information about Windows NT and NetWare j Î0 ýÎ0 ' Ô R ÿ There are several locations for the latest information on Windows NT/NetWare Integration. They include: « A lÎ0 ¨Ï0 j #¤ R
ÿ @ Rÿ B R ÿ ~ Rÿÿÿ The Windows NT Resource Guide Volume 1 Chapters 16 and 20 h ýÎ0 1 N #j5 " R
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ÿÿÿ CompuServ¨Ï0 1 ¢Í0 e : Go to NOVFILES and select the client kits. Under this you will find the option to download the Windows NT-based client software. You will be downloading one large file, named NWTI.EXE. Executing this file will expose a variety of files needed for the installation. * ¨Ï0 F1 ' R ÿ I 1 1 1 ` ¹` 8 1 Ñ1 *
1 How to Get the NWCS BetaB F1 Ñ1 ' 6 R ÿ How to Get the NWCS Beta ð Á 1 Á1 / , R ÿ You must first install the Microsoft Windows NT and Windows NT Advanced Server Service Pack 1 before installing the Microsoft NetWare Workstation Compatible Service software. You may obtain the U.S. Version of Service Pack 1 electronically from the following locations. Internet : FTP to ftp.microsoft.com. Login as Anonymous and please use your email address as your password. Service Pack 1 can be found in \advsys\winnt\sup-ed\fixes\ussp1. v K Ñ1 71 + $ R ÿ CompuServe : Connect via Compuserve and go to the WINNT Forum (see "CompuServe Support" details below) where Service Pack 1 can be found. You may also obtain the Microsoft Windows NT and Windows NT Advanced Server (U.S. Version) Service Pack 1 (update to build 528: CSD002) in the United States, by calling Microsoft Sales and Service at (800) 426-9400. The Service Pack is available for $14.95 including shipping and handling. In Canada, please call (800) 563-9048. Outside the United States and Canada, please contact your local Microsoft Subsidiary. If you are utilizing a localized installation of Windows NT or Windows NT Advanced Server, your system will require a localized version of Service Pack 1. Please contact your local Microsoft Subsidiary for additional information concerning localized versions of the Service Pack. ó Ê Á1 *
1 ) R ÿ Installing Service Pack 1 is quickly and easily accomplished and will maintain previous system settings and user groups. Simply insert Disk 1 and at the Windows NT command prompt, execute UPDATE.EXE from the floppy disk. The Setup program will be invoked to guide you through the update procedure, prompting for each disk until the update is complete. This entire process will take approximately 5 minutes. If you require a CD-ROM update for MIPS systems, please contact Microsoft Sales and Service as specified above. DEC Alpha AXP systems do not require this update and should already be running the Alpha AXP retail release. Please note README.TXT on Disk 1 of Service Pack 1 for further information. Å 71 ï
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1 7 <Á ÿ While Windows NT provides excellent connectivity to mainframe applications, it also facilitates better cooperative processing between mainframe databases and the desktop. Through ODBC or Open Database Connectivity, Windows NT allows DBAs on the LAN to more easily access and manipulate mainframe data and provides integration with Windows or Windows NT based-applications. This section outlines the various methods of integrating Windows desktops with host DBMS. It highlights both Microsoft ® Windows NT as a communications and databse gateway as well as the use of ODBC to integrate applications. ¦ L 1 @1 r ²M ã:Ì
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ãMßãMßãMßãW+JrãX+JrãØ¦× ÿ Client Server Architecture for Distributed Database Applications Approaches to Database Connectivity Extending Decision Support and ad-hoc Query to the Desktop On-line Transaction Processing from Desktop to Host Using Windows NT as a Communications and Database Gateway Empowering Decision Makers Through Client Server Implementations ODBC Drivers ODBC Drivers that Support DB2 ODBC Driver Tools ã
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1 p@1 1 E ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ: ÿÿÿÿp@1 QD1 The Gateway Component of Host Database Connectivity[ 6 @1 Ë@1 % l
ÿ The Gateway Component of Host Database Connectivity V p@1 QD1 0 .¯ " ÿ The diagram above represents two methods of host integration. In the first scenario, the gateway or ODBC driver communicates via APPC to CICS transaction program. The SQL translation occurs on the client and the request is issued by the CICS transaction program. If the requirements include making queries that return very large result sets, or if there is a need to invoke stored procedures this method provides a high degree of reliability and flexibility. The second part of the diagram illustrates the connectivity where the host contains IBMs DRDA. DRDA facilitates the retrieval and integration from a variety of IBM relational data sources. While this solution does not provide the high degree of flexibility as the former method, it does not require the customer to purchase additional host code if they have DB2/MVS ver 2.3, DB2/VM ver 3.3. k : Ë@1 ¼D1 1 o f Æb ; ÿÿÿÿ¼D1 ÀM1 Extending decision support and ad-hoc query to the desktopb = QD1 E1 % z
ÿ Extending Decision Support and ad-hoc Query to the Desktop / ñ ¼D1 MH1 > Jã ÿ As connectivity and integration of host and LAN-based RDBMS improves, customers benefit in terms of costs and flexibility. By distributing host data to LAN RDBMS organizations can increase response time, reduce expensive network traffic and provide decision-makers with a greater variety of information. The diagram below shows how users can read, write and query LAN-based RDBMS during the day, reconciling tables with respective hosts at night. Additionally, by using ODBC, developers can easily integrate database sources into both desktop applications like Microsoft ® Excel and Lotus ® 1-2-3, as well as high level development tools like Microsoft ® Visual Basic ® . It also improves IS department responsiveness by reducing development time. 1 E1 ~H1 - *
° " ÿ æ Á MH1 dK1 % ÿ The client can use any application which supports ODBC to communicate either with a LAN RDBMS or mainframe database. The database gateway interprets the request or command and sends it to the host. The gateway approach to receiving host data is especially effective if there is a lot of information to be moved to the LAN. Most database gateways provide advanced functions such as the ability to run remote stored procedures on the host. A user may request some information that is stored in several sources. By using the gateway, a SQL request may be initiated against a DB2 host, and then a remote stored procedure is launched against a non-relational source such as IMS or a proprietary application. Ú ~H1 jL1 , &µ
ÿ Many companies use database gateways both to access host data in real time and to move some subset of the database down to a local level for decision support. For More information on Host DBMS integration contact: j ' dK1 ÔL1 C #VNë ¿ ÿ . ÿÿÿ Information Builders (800) 969 INFO g $ jL1 ;M1 C #VHë ¿ ÿ ( ÿÿÿ MicroDecisionware (303) 443-2706 a ÔL1 M1 C #V<ë ¿ ÿ ÿÿÿ XDB Systems (301) 317-6800 $ ;M1 ÀM1 " ÿ d 3 M1 $N1 1 ù b d < $N1 N1 ¯1 On-Line Transaction Processing from Desktop to Host[ 6 ÀM1 N1 % l ° ÿ On-Line Transaction Processing from Desktop to Host m $N1 1 % Û ÿ Often, there is a need for direct host database access with real-time data. Reservation systems, for example, need to read and write against the latest table information. Until recently, there were few effective methods of directly accessing DB2 data from the desktop. However, through the use of ODBC, any application can now incorporate live DB2N1 1 ÀM1 information from Windows or Windows NT desktops. The diagram below illustrates a powerful implementation of an ODBC driver that incorporates both APPC communications and SQL translation at the desktop so the PC can communicate directly with DB2 using IBMs DRDA protocol. 1 N1 N1 - *
" ÿ | V 1 Ê1 & ÿ Obviously, the direct connection method is more viable in less transaction intensive scenarios, or where the economies of scale derived from a gateway implementation would not be recouped from a small number of workstations. Examples include travel agencies or branch offices that need real-time access at minimal resource costs. Wall Data, a leading mainframe connectivity ISV provides an ODBC driver, APPC engine and DRDA Application Requester in a single package. This solution requires no additional host code other than that supplied by IBM for DB2/MVS ver 2.3, DB2/VM ver 3.3 or OS400 2.1. . ý N1 ø 1 1 0û ÿ Because the driver is ODBC-compliant, it integrates easily with applications like Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Microsoft Visual Basic ® and Microsoft Access ® as well as Lotus 1-2-3 and other productivity and development applications. This significantly reduces development time for front-end applications and allows users to integrate information from various sources. Unlike terminal emulation, direct DBMS access simplifies access to the data and allows users to focus on working with information. w P Ê1 o1 ' ÿ For more information on direct Client/Host DRDA connectivity please contact: @ ø 1 ¯1 % 6 ° ÿ Wall Data (206)-881-5995 = o1 ì1 1 ê" d |d = ì1 *1 Ë 2 ODBC Drivers> ¯1 *1 % 2 ° ÿ Available ODBC Drivers ' ì1 Q1 $ ÿ ¯ 3 *1 1 | #Èf Ù ÿ
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ÿ ÿ 6 ÿ 8 $ ÿÿÿ ASK Group 800 4INGRES or 1-800-4INGRES ¤ 0 1 I1 t #¸` Ù $ ÿ
ÿ . ÿ L ÿ N $ ÿÿÿ Beneteau Consulting 514-486-5534 Allbase ¯ ; ¥1 ø1 t #¸v Ù $ ÿ
ÿ F ÿ d ÿ f $ ÿÿÿ Born Software Development Group 800-624-5102 AS/400 ² > I1 ª1 t #¸| Ù $ ÿ
ÿ L ÿ j ÿ l $ ÿÿÿ Bull Worldwide Information Systems 602-862-6062 Oracle Ï [ ø1 y1 t #¸¶ Ù $ ÿ
ÿ ÿ ÿ $ ÿÿÿ CCA - Computer Corporation of America (PRAXIS International) 617-492-8860 Model 204 ¤ 0 ª1 1 t #¸` Ù $ ÿ
ÿ $ ÿ B ÿ D $ ÿÿÿ Cincom Systems 800-662-2300 SUPRA Server ¯ ; y1 Ì1 t #¸v Ù $ ÿ
ÿ R ÿ p ÿ r $ ÿÿÿ CNA Computer Systems Engineering Inc. 206-861-4736 « 7 1 w1 t #¸n Ù $ ÿ
ÿ . ÿ L ÿ N $ ÿÿÿ Computer Associates 800-CALL-CAI IDMS & Datacom + Ì1 1 t #¸V Ù $ ÿ
ÿ ÿ : ÿ < $ ÿÿÿ Coromandel 718-793-7963 Integra-SQL ¥ 1 w1 »1 t #¸b Ù $ ÿ
ÿ 8 ÿ V ÿ X $ ÿÿÿ CROSS ACCESS Corporation 703-684-2345 DB2 § 3 1 b1 t #¸f Ù $ ÿ
ÿ & ÿ J ÿ L $ ÿÿÿ Datafit Limited +44-480-454-604 Datafit DP4 »1 À1 t #¸> Ù $ ÿ
ÿ ÿ * ÿ , $ ÿÿÿ DEC 800-DIGITAL DEC Rdb b1 À1 ¯1 ¡ - b1 À1 t #¸Z Ù $ ÿ
ÿ $ ÿ B ÿ D $ ÿÿÿ Dharma Systems 603-886-1400 BASISplus * À1 KÁ1 t #¸T Ù $ ÿ
ÿ ÿ > ÿ @ $ ÿÿÿ FFE Software 510-232-6800 FirstSQL Á G À1 Â1 z #Ä Ù $ ÿ $
ÿ ` ÿ ÿ $ ÿÿÿ gfs - Gesellschaft für Informationssysteme +49-40/48-06-32-0 £ / KÁ1 ¯Â1 t #¸^ Ù $ ÿ
ÿ & ÿ D ÿ F $ ÿÿÿ Hewlett Packard 800-637-7740 HP AllBase ¡ - Â1 PÃ1 t #¸Z Ù $ ÿ
ÿ ÿ H ÿ J $ ÿÿÿ IBM Contact local sales office AS/400 ¦ 2 ¯Â1 öÃ1 t #¸d Ù $ ÿ
ÿ : ÿ X ÿ Z $ ÿÿÿ Independence Technologies 510-438-2000 DB2 ¡ - PÃ1 Ä1 t #¸Z Ù $ ÿ
ÿ 0 ÿ N ÿ P $ ÿÿÿ Information Builders 800-969-INFO DB2 & öÃ1 1Å1 t #¸L Ù $ ÿ
ÿ ÿ 6 ÿ 8 $ ÿÿÿ Informix 415-926-6688 Informix ¯ ; Ä1 àÅ1 t #¸v Ù $ ÿ
ÿ @ ÿ ^ ÿ ` $ ÿÿÿ Liberty Software Corporation 604-682-8239 PICK DBMS ! 1Å1 uÆ1 t #¸B Ù $ ÿ
ÿ ÿ . ÿ 0 $ ÿÿÿ MDBS 317-447-1122 MDBS IV àÅ1 Ç1 t #¸8 Ù $ ÿ
ÿ ÿ , ÿ . $ ÿÿÿ MDI 800-221-3634 DB2 $ uÆ1 Ç1 t #¸H Ù $ ÿ
ÿ ÿ 6 ÿ 8 $ ÿÿÿ Microrim 800-628-6990 R:BASE ) Ç1 :È1 t #¸R Ù $ ÿ
ÿ ÿ 8 ÿ : $ ÿÿÿ Microsoft 800-227-4679 SQL Server & Ç1 ÔÈ1 t #¸L Ù $ ÿ
ÿ " ÿ @ ÿ B $ ÿÿÿ Must Software 800-441-MUST DB2 Í Y :È1 ¡É1 t #¸² Ù $ ÿ
ÿ & ÿ | ÿ ~ $ ÿÿÿ NCR Corporation Contact NCR Representative or NCR office Teradata Database System % ÔÈ1 :Ê1 t #¸J Ù $ ÿ
ÿ ÿ > ÿ @ $ ÿÿÿ Neon Systems 800-466-2990 DB2 £ / ¡É1 ÝÊ1 t #¸^ Ù $ ÿ
ÿ ÿ < ÿ > $ ÿÿÿ Objectivity 415-688-0939 Objectivity/DB ¦ 2 :Ê1 Ë1 t #¸d Ù $ ÿ
ÿ ÿ N ÿ P $ ÿÿÿ Oracle 800-633-0583; 415-506-7000 Oracle 7 Ê V ÝÊ1 MÌ1 t #¸¬ Ù $ ÿ
ÿ 6 ÿ T ÿ V $ ÿÿÿ PageAhead Software Corp 800-967-9671 Software kits for developing ODBC Drivers £ / Ë1 ðÌ1 t #¸^ Ù $ ÿ
ÿ * ÿ H ÿ J $ ÿÿÿ OpenLink Software 313-642-1890 Progress ® : MÌ1 Í1 t #¸t Ù $ ÿ
ÿ * ÿ H ÿ J $ ÿÿÿ Progress Software 617-280-4000 Progress RDBMS v7.0 · C ðÌ1 UÎ1 t #¸ Ù $ ÿ
ÿ 2 ÿ P ÿ R $ ÿÿÿ Quadbase Systems Inc. 408-738-6989 Quadbase-SQL for Windows ¡ - Í1 öÎ1 t #¸Z Ù $ ÿ
ÿ $ ÿ B ÿ D $ ÿÿÿ Quark Research 203-666-3870 DBase III £ / UÎ1 Ï1 t #¸^ Ù $ ÿ
ÿ ÿ 0 ÿ 2 $ ÿÿÿ Raima 800-327-2462 Raima DBS Server 1.1 ® : öÎ1 S 2 t #¸t Ù $ ÿ
ÿ * ÿ H ÿ Ï1 S 2 ¯1 J $ ÿÿÿ Red Brick Systems 408-399-3277 Red Brick Warehouse & Ï1 í 2 t #¸L Ù $ ÿ
ÿ " ÿ @ ÿ B $ ÿÿÿ SAS Institute 919-677-8000 SAS ¥ 1 S 2 2 t #¸b Ù $ ÿ
ÿ 2 ÿ P ÿ R $ ÿÿÿ ShowCase Corporatioin 800-829-3555 AS/400 ¸ D í 2 J2 t #¸ Ù $ ÿ
ÿ ÿ , ÿ . $ ÿÿÿ SMC 612-452-9270 DMS-1100 on Unisys 1100 & 2200 series hosts ' 2 å2 t #¸N Ù $ ÿ
ÿ ÿ < ÿ > $ ÿÿÿ Software AG 800-423-2227 ADABAS & J2 2 t #¸L Ù $ ÿ
ÿ ÿ 2 ÿ 4 $ ÿÿÿ Sybase 800-879-2273 SQL Server £ / å2 "2 t #¸^ Ù $ ÿ
ÿ ÿ 2 ÿ 4 $ ÿÿÿ Tandem 800-482-6336 Tandem Non-stop SQL % 2 »2 t #¸J Ù $ ÿ
ÿ & ÿ D ÿ F $ ÿÿÿ Techgnosis Inc. 617-229-6100 $ "2 S2 t #¸H Ù $ ÿ
ÿ ÿ 4 ÿ 6 $ ÿÿÿ Trinzic 617-891-6500 CA-IDMS $ »2 ë2 t #¸H Ù $ ÿ
ÿ ÿ 2 ÿ 4 $ ÿÿÿ UniSQL 800-451-DBMS UniSQL/M ¡ - S2 2 t #¸Z Ù $ ÿ
ÿ 6 ÿ T ÿ V $ ÿÿÿ Vertisoft Research Inc. 416-321-0933 * ë2 *2 t #¸T Ù $ ÿ
ÿ ÿ > ÿ @ $ ÿÿÿ Visionware +44-532-788858 Informix " 2 À2 t #¸D Ù $ ÿ
ÿ ÿ 8 ÿ : $ ÿÿÿ Wall Data 800-881-5995 DB2 ( *2 \2 t #¸P Ù $ ÿ
ÿ ÿ 6 ÿ 8 $ ÿÿÿ WATCOM 1-800-265-4555 Watcom SQL ¤ 0 À2 2 t #¸` Ù $ ÿ
ÿ 8 ÿ Z ÿ \ $ ÿÿÿ White Cross Systems Inc. +44-344-700700 ¤ $ \2 ¤ 2 #ÐH Ù $ ÿ
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ÿ ÿ < ÿÿÿ XDB Systems Available Now No Host Component required w/ DRDA version ' C2 ËC2 $ ÿ j 9 ¤C2 5D2 1 Þ Æb d ? 5D2 D2 CH2 Using Windows NT as a Communications and Database Gatewaya < ËC2 D2 % x ° ÿ Using Windows NT as a Communications and Database Gateway 0 5D2 ÆD2 , ( " ÿ J & D2 E2 $ L ÿ (Click on diagram for more details) o ÆD2 £E2 $ Þ ÿ There are several advantages of using Windows NT as the platform for host-DBMS connectivity and integration. ! Ô E2 ÄG2 M h© TÈ:H
ÿ · Flexible connectivity options provide a range of concurrent host connections. · You can easily integrate both communications services (APPC) and database gateway functions on to single machine. · Centralized administration and performance monitoring of all components. · Scalability - Ability to utilize SMP hardware and scale as demands increase. · Ease of configuration. Windows NT has a graphical configuration utility that simplifies user management. S £E2 CH2 , (¦ TÈ:H
ÿ · Can be easily integrated with NetWare, LAN Manager or LAN Server environment. q @ ÄG2 ´H2 1 d Ãc @ ´H2 I2 M2 Empowering Decision Makers through Client Server Implementationsh C CH2 I2 % ° ÿ Empowering Decision Makers Through Client Server Implementations 1 ´H2 MI2 - *
" ÿ = I2 M2 + $% # ÿ In this banking scenario, most of the key customer information is stored in non-relational sources. In a given down-sizing program, mission critical data is seldom the first to move to client server implementations. Instead, firms will look to newer, more profitable programs or services such as personal banking. By creating a RDBMS that contains customer information, the bank can migrate relevant information from non-relational sources to create a comprehensive set of views on a particular customer. Using graphical Executive Information System tools, the personal banker can obtain detailed reports on specific customer segments. Using components such as database gateways. The user can obtain information from both relational and non-relational sources. The database gateway can launch remote stored procedures to query non-relational applications and handle the complexity of information retrieval. The user is fed valuable data which, when presented in graphical format, can dramatically improve productivity and responsiveness. a 0 MI2 ëM2 1 w ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿA ÿÿÿÿëM2
2 APPC Transport for Database Gateway ConnectivityX 3 M2 CN2 % f
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2 % 3 ÿ Advanced Program to Program Communications is the transport mechanism most database gateways use to communicate to either IBMs DRDA host component or their own proprietary host component which usually runs as a CICS transaction program. SNA Server for Windows NT provides this transport both at the gateway but also at the client. In the case of the latter, no emulation software is required at the client. CN2
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ÿ LAN Protocols Supported from Client to Database Gateway d u2 \2 $ È ÿ Because Windows NT is protocol independent, it can support all major network protocols including: B Ô2 ú2 \ T¤^$
ÿ · TCP/IP · IPX · NETBEUI · DecNet · IP · XNS · OSI ^ - \2 X2 1 ê ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿC ÿÿÿÿX2 ä2 Client Architecture for Host DBMS IntegrationU 0 ú2 2 % `
ÿ Client Architecture for Host DBMS Integration 3 X2 à2 . , " ! ÿ X 2 2 8 2 & e ÿ Because most database gateways work in conjunction with LAN RDBMS, there are numerous methods of accessing host data. In this case we have illustrated two interfaces for Microsoft SQL Server. Using either ODBC or DB-Library, applications can access SQL Server. Database gateways such as MicroDecisionware interpret both ODBC and DB-Library calls (as well as others from other RDBMS vendors). The gateway is intelligent and determines if the client request is bound for the host. If so, it makes the syntactical changes and forwards the request to the host. ¬ à2 ä2 % ÿ ODBC is currently supported by a number of applications and programming languages including Microsoft Visual Basic and Microsoft Visual C++. By Using ODBC, the developer removes much of the complexity of host communication from the development effort. It helps companies get more use from productivity applications such as spreadsheets and word processors which are familiar to end-users. ` / 8 2 D2 1 e ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿD ÿÿÿÿD2 I2 Host Components of Client/Host DBMS IntegrationW 2 ä2 2 % d
ÿ Host Components of Client/Host DBMS Integration ® D2 I2 & ÿ In most database gateway configurations, there is both a server and host component. The host component often runs as a CICS transaction program that in turn communicates with the database. The advantage of this implementation is the speed and throughput especially where large transactions are necessary. In some case such as the Micro Decisionware Access Server (their host component to the MDI gateway), the host software enables the host to take on a proactive role and launch remote stored procedures on other hosts or on LAN-based RDBMS. This is effective both in decision support where the host can update LAN sources, and in distributed. q @ 2 º2 1 £ ôb e E º2 "2 Â2 Client Server Architecture for Distributed Database Applicationsh C I2 "2 % ° ÿ Client Server Architecture for Distributed Database Applications # ñ º2 E2 2 2ã ÿ The basic architecture for client-server systems consists of separate client and server platforms. The platforms can have different machine architectures and operating systems; however, the interfaces and protocol linking the platforms together must be compatible. On the client platform, the application is programmed to a client interface (also known as an API). The client interface accepts requests from the application, usually in the format of SQL statements, and emits a specific protocol over the network transport. For example, a Microsoft SQL Server application programmed to the DB-Library API, accepts requests in the format of Transact-SQL , and emits the tabular data stream (TDS) protocol over a named pipe to the server platform. ã "2 YÀ2 % Ç ÿ On the server platform, requests are received by the server interface and processed by the server engine. Results are then returned to the client using the same protocol. The server interface is usually considered to be an integral part of the database system, but it can be used separately (as in the case of database gateways). Continuing with the above example, the Open Data Services component of SQL E2 YÀ2 I2 Server receives the requests and returns results, both in the TDS protocol. * E2 Â2 & ÿ Note the differences between the client and server interfaces. The client interface is the typical API consisting of a set of procedural calls; the server interface is highly eventdriven, involving procedures within the server as needed. Also note the differences between the interfaces and the protocol. The interfaces provide the mechanism to emit and receive the protocol; the protocol is simply a set of data structures (or control blocks) that flow between the platforms over some communications transport. T # YÀ2 ×Â2 1 Î e .e F ×Â2 "Ã2 ¿È2 Approaches to Database ConnectivityK & Â2 "Ã2 % L ° ÿ Approaches to Database Connectivity µ ×Â2 ×Å2 & ÿ As you scale client-server systems up to the enterprise level, the problem of database connectivity becomes critical. Enterprise data exists in a heterogeneous environment. There are many different databases, servers, interfaces, and protocols that must interconnect with client applications. How can you minimize the effort of developing client applications but still use enterprise data in whatever environment its in? Problems with connectivity with SQL database servers occur because of differences in SQL dialects, system catalog tables, datatype definitions and conversions, status codes and messages, and collating sequences of ORDER BY clauses. I "Ã2 È2 , &; ÿ There are three basic approaches to solving these connectivity problems (described in Hackathorn, 1993): Common interface Common gateway Common protocol The goal for all three approaches is to localize the knowledge of specific database servers so that the application code does not change as different database servers are used. In these three approaches, this knowledge should be embedded in the interface, gateway, and protocol, respectively. In most real situations, these approaches are often used in combination with one another. X ×Å2 ¿È2 G ^° ãà
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ÿ Common-interface approach Common-gateway approach Common protocol approach J È2 É2 1 p e 2e G É2 JÉ2 Î2 Common-Interface ApproachA ¿È2 JÉ2 % 8 ° ÿ Common-Interface Approach ;
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ÿ The common-interface approach separates the client interface into two layers, similar to the Microsoft Windows Open Services Architecture . The API in front of the client interface is the set of procedures that the application sees; the SPI in back of the client interface (also called the driver manager) is the set of procedures that the client driver sees. The client drivers contain the code that is unique to a specific database server. The application code need not change as different client drivers are used. Þ JÉ2 Î2 & ½ ÿ Within the Microsoft Windows NT based architecture, the common-interface approach is used for the WOSA component of Open Database Connectivity (ODBC). Evolved from the call-level interface specification of the SQL Access Group, ODBC supports a vendor-neutral means for accessing heterogeneous databases in the enterprise. Using the SQL language as a connectivity language, ODBC can access both relational and non-relational data. Note that ODBC itself is independent of the protocol used by client drivers. Each ODBC driver can send its requests to various database servers using different protocol and gateway configurations. ODBC with drivers using the DRDA common protocol are a plausible (and maybe even desirable) combination. H Ë2 ÑÎ2 1 Á .e f H ÑÎ2 Ï2 ô3 Common Gateway Approach? Î2 Ï2 % 4 ° ÿ Common Gateway Approach Ø ² ÑÎ2 ô3 & e ÿ The common-gateway approach adds a new layer to the client-server architecture the database gateway. By combining a server interface with a client interface, a database gateway can add value with codeÏ2 ô3 Î2 unique to a specific database server. Again, the application code need not change as different gateways connect to various servers. Within the Microsoft-based architecture, the common-gateway approach is used by the Microsoft Open Data Services package that extends WOSA to multilevel architectures. Applications that use ODBC to access enterprise data can be interconnected with various gateways using Open Data Services, as shown in the following illustration. These gateways can be developed and marketed by independent software vendors to support important databases, such as the Database Gateway family by Micro Decisionware, Inc. Or custom gateways can be developed by corporate developers to support functions unique to their systems. I Ï2 =3 1 d 2e b I =3 }3 °3 Common Protocol Approach@ ô3 }3 % 6 ° ÿ Common Protocol Approach % =3 ¢3 % ÿ The common-protocol approach, uses a protocol in common with various database servers. As long as client interfaces and server interfaces emit and receive the same protocol, applications can plug and play with various database servers. Again, the application code need not change as different database servers are used. The common-protocol approach has the greatest potential for greater database connectivity, but a good protocol for database connectivity is very difficult to correctly define and implement. é }3 °3 % Ó ÿ DRDA is an excellent example of a common-protocol approach. As such, DRDA can have numerous interconnects with common-interface approaches (such as ODBC) and with common-gateway approaches (such as those using Open Data Services). B ¢3 ò3 1 ö |d ÿÿÿÿJ ò3 +3 ð3 ODBC Driver Tools9 °3 +3 % ( ° ÿ ODBC Driver Tools Å ò3 ð3 F \þ ° ã ó4«
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ÿ The following Represent a list of driver tools for developing custom ODBC Drivers: Dharma Systems PageAhead Syware X ' +3 H3 1 ß ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿK H3 3 E3 ODBC Development Tools - Dharma SystemsO * ð3 3 % T °
ÿ ODBC Development Tools - Dharma Systems £ z H3 : 3 ) "ô ÿ 15 Trafalgar Square Nashua, NH 03063 Phone: 603-886-1400 Fax: 603-883-6904 Outside of the U.S. Phone: 603-886-1400 x21 t 3 Ø 3 * "é
ÿ Dharma SQL Product Family The Dharma SQL Product Family is available to DBMS providers, corporate end-users and vertical application vendors utilizing proprietary DBMS technology. Users of proprietary DBMS's can now maintain high performance and specialized functionality while gaining openness and accessibility to industry standard database technologies. Dharma's products comply with international SQL standards including ANSI SQL, Oracle SQL, and National Institute of Standards (NIST) FIPS 127-1. Dharma Systems' products will conform to emerging standards such as SQL 92, SQL III, SQL Access Group, X/Open and ODBC. m G : 3 E3 & ÿ The Dharma SQL interface transforms proprietary DBMS through its portability across diverse proprietary DBMS storage environments, its capability to work in client/server environments, sophisticated SQL optimization technology, and modular implementation in object-oriented C++. The Dharma SQL Product Family is ideally suited to transform proprietary DBMS's, including on-line transaction processing (OLTP), PICK, engineering, textual, and object-oriented databases. With Dharma, users can continue to use mature proprietary database systems along with industry standard RDBMS's. S " Ø 3 3 1 > ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿL 3 â3 ¦H3 ODBC Development Tools - PageAheadJ % E3 â3 % J ° ÿ ODBC Development Tools - PageAhead s 3 |3 ' æ ÿ 2125 Western Avenue, Suite 301 Seattle, WA 98121 USA Phone: 206-441-0340 Fax: 206-441-9876 Sales: 1-800-967-9671 ã â3 A3 & Ç ÿ PageAhead Software's Simba ODBC Driver Tools provide you with all of the source code you nee|3 A3 E3 d to quickly develop your own high-quality, fully-functional ODBC driver. With the Simba tools, you can build an ODBC driver in less time and at less cost than drivers developed in-house or using another vendor. Companies like IBM, Apple, Hewlett-Packard, Bull HN, Microsoft, Oracle, Ingres, Timberline, and Red Brick have all chosen to use the Simba tools to produce their ODBC drivers. ` |3 E3 ) Á
ÿ Simba SQL Engine for ODBC If you have a non-SQL data source, you will need to add SQL functionality in order to implement ODBC. The Simba SQL Engine for ODBC Software Development Kit provides the fully-optimized SQL engine and related components needed to create high-performance ODBC drivers for non-SQL data sources. The Simba SQL Engine was specially designed to add SQL capabilities to a variety of non-SQL data sources such as accounting data, VAX/VMS information, COBOL data, and project management data. More than eight person years of testing went into the Simba SQL Engine, so you can be sure that you are getting the most reliable ODBC technology available today. The Simba SQL Engine also protects your investment in SQL technology. Using the Simba SQL Engine SDK, you can have a fully-functional, high-performance ODBC driver in just a few months. £ y A3 ½G3 * "ó
ÿ Simba Interface for ODBC If you have a SQL data source, you may want to use the Simba Interface for ODBC to create your ODBC driver. The Simba Interface provides a comprehensive driver development framework and all the source code needed to quickly develop an ODBC driver for a SQL data source. If you prefer, PageAhead's ODBC Development Services Group can build your driver for you. Whether you use the Simba ODBC Driver Tools to create your ODBC driver in-house or have PageAhead build it for you, you'll have a finished ODBC driver faster, at significantly less cost, and of higher quality than through any other alternative. é À E3 ¦H3 )
ÿ The PageAhead Mission PageAhead Software provides connectivity and data access software and services for users and developers with multiple data sources in desktop and server environments. P ½G3 öH3 1 3 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿM öH3 =I3 ?L3 ODBC Development Tools - SywareG " ¦H3 =I3 % D ÿ ODBC Development Tools - Syware ^ 9 öH3 I3 % r ÿ P.O. Box 91 Kendall Cambridge, MA 02142 (617) 497-1376 ¤ } =I3 ?L3 ' û ÿ Dr. Deebee is a RE-DISTRIBUTABLE utility that generates trace logs that are 100% compatible with ODBC Spy.(see ODBC SDK v2.0) Dr. DeeBee was developed by SYWARE, inc., the same company that developed ODBC Spy for Microsoft. Your customer support organization will find Dr. DeeBee invaluable as an aid to tracking down problems your customers are having with your ODBC applications and drivers. Dr. DeeBee monitors the activity between an ODBC enabled application and an ODBC driver, and creates a log of the calls. Your customer support organization can then examine these logs and replay them using ODBC Spy's replay capabilities. ¨ w I3 çL3 1 t ÿÿÿÿ g N çL3 M3 I3 OLE - Windows Objects EB("btn_topic_index");SaveMark("topic_index");CBB("btn_next_index", "PI(`nteval.hlp',`Next_27')")8 ?L3 M3 & $ ÿ Windows Objects o çL3 ´M3 & Þ °° ÿ The key to an effective object technology is simplicity. Objects are merely reusable components designed to: ª l M3 ^N3 > LØ Pñ ð9
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ÿ The Windows Objects Strategy describes a long term component software strategy that includes a general model for how components cooperate with one another. It also encompasses the operating system, programming tools, and programming interfaces through which th¬N3 a3 ?L3 e vision of component software can be achieved and delivered to users and creators. è ¬N3 I3 Y ãðÀ®;
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ÿ As its name suggests, component software is based on the notion of a component, which is a reusable piece of software that you can "plug into" other components from other vendors, with relatively little effort. ( See Example ) Õ ß3 3 3 4« ° â£êÎ
ÿ In contrast, traditional applications are monolithic , which means that they come pre-packaged with a wide range of features, most of which can't be removed or replaced with alternatives. If different software packages could talk to one another, it would not only be possible for one application to use another application's data, but applications could automatically control the actions of other packages, and automate many tasks that users now perform manually. z ? ú3 | 3 ; F~ ã·Ì â
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ÿ Benefits for Corporations Building Component Software K 3 Ç 3 1 @ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿP ÿÿÿÿÇ 3 ¼3 OLE - Components - Example1
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ø 3 ú3 1 ý g Wg Q ú3 D3 3 OLE - OLE 2.0J # ¼3 D3 ' F R ÿ Object Linking and Embedding 2.0 £ p ú3 ç3 3 4á °° âÊ¢òo
ÿ OLE 2.0 is a breakthrough for component software, because it provides a standard way of defining what an object is and how objects can interact with each other. With OLE 2.0, objects written by programmers from different companies can interact with each other in a synergistic manner--without knowing anything about the specifics of how individual objects work. 6 D3 3 1 2 ° " " ÿ 8 ç3 U3 % ' ÿ Although an evolutionary step, component software represents a "quiet revolution" that will transform the way software is produced and used. The concept is similar to networking, which allows two computers to exchange data without having to know anything about each other. 2 3 3 & ° ÿ See Also: N U3 3 ; F ã^)ÖÉ
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ÿ Component software offers a more efficient and productive model for the software industry. It is a superior alternative to building monolithic applications , enabling vendors to construct software, with the aid of readily available building blocks, that can be plugged into current applications that support the same standard for component communications. Using components, building an application consists of two jobs: o @ ¡3 ñ3 / , Rñ ð9 ÿ 1. Creating the software engine and unique application features that differentiate the product from all others (this is usually done from scratch) 2. Integrating off-the-shelf components into the application to provide all the "extras" that most customers expect, but which are not necessary to implement from scratch b 1 3 S3 1 Wg g S S3 ¨3 Å3 OLE - The Benefits of a Component Software MarketU . ñ3 ¨3 ' \ R ÿ The Benefits of a Component Software Market m S3 FÀ3 % Ú ° ÿ The "componentization" of the software market will¨3 FÀ3 ñ3 benefit all vendors, from the smallest to the largest. i C ¨3 ¯À3 & °° ÿ Just a few of the advantages of a component software market are: ë FÀ3 Á3 b âì7ð
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ÿ Open Programming Architecture A large number of vendors are already supporting Windows Objects by incorporating OLE 2.0 capabilities into their applications. These vendors will be able to take advantage of a large quantity of off-the-shelf component software from third party vendors as it becomes available. Third Party Supporters of OLE 2 Significantly, Windows Objects allows programmers to plug their applications or components into other components without knowing the details of how these components were built. Instead, it is only necessary to know something about the capabilities supported by a component for an application to communicate with it. As a result, the new generation of applications will be more modular, more easily revised, more easily customized, and much better able to meet the demands of users. M Á3 dÅ3 1 ~ _
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æ dÅ3 ±Ç3 ' Í ° ÿ Objects eliminate many of the current boundaries between applications, allowing you as a user to perceive your computing environment as a single, large application that looks and acts in a consistent manner. In most cases, you will not even realize that you are using several applications from different vendors. The document-centric approach provides a more natural and intuitive way to work with computers, increasing your productivity while decreasing training and support costs. m G ¤Å3 È3 & ° ÿ A sampling of some of the new features offered by OLE 2.0 includes: @ ±Ç3 ¥È3 G ^ âÄ ÷]
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ÿ The document-centric approach is an excellent method for combining productivity applcations; the object model is extensible and includes interfaces for services, such as vendors, to extend the object model and include useful features, such as real time stock quotes. By standardizing the interface to these services, any application can be extended to include external value-added services. R $ ßÈ3 ñÊ3 . ,H °ã½Xá
ÿ Example of a Compound Document P Ê3 AË3 1 ´ g h U AË3 Ë3 4 OLE - Benefits for CorporationsC ñÊ3 Ë3 ' 8 R ÿ Benefits for Corporations s AË3 Ì3 % æ ° ÿ Windows Objects will improve the way corporations purchase, distribute, manage, and maintain software packages. _ Ë3 ¡Ì3 & ¾ °° ÿ Here are just a few ways that Windows Objects will improve the state of corporate computing: Ú y Ì3 {Í3 a ò âo©n¨
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ÿ Better Return On Investment A {Í3 4 , &+ ° ÿ The "glue" that holds these systems together is OLE 2.0, which provides a standard means of communication among all the modules, and offers a layer of "insulation" between modules, which allows them to be flexibly plugged and unplugged from the system. As a result, future modules can be added without disrupting the system or modifying existing modules. Also, since OLE 2.0 is the standard for object linking and embedding in the Microsoft ® Windows environment, a wide range of off-the-shelf OLE 2.0 products will be availÆÍ3 4 ñÊ3 able. X ' ÆÍ3 k 4 1 ( Rg Æh V k 4 ¶ 4 4 OLE - Cairo: Advanced Object TechnologyK $ 4 ¶ 4 ' H R ÿ Cairo: Advanced Object Technology ¶ k 4 l4 ' °° ÿ The next step after the distributed version of OLE 2.0 will be an operating system known as "Cairo." Based on the recently released Microsoft Windows NT operating system, Cairo is a new operating environment that is designed to make creating, accessing, manipulating, organizing, and sharing information easier for computer users. It offers an advanced, object-oriented environment that lets you focus on manipulating information, not on manipulating applications or navigating networks. To do this, Cairo integrates a number of new and existing technologies that change the way people use computers while making computers much more intuitive to use. A ¶ 4 4 . ,& °ã)¥
ÿ More on Cairo D l4 ñ4 1 q h Éh W ñ4 (4 h 4 OLE - More on Cairo7 4 (4 ' R ÿ More on Cairo ^ 8 ñ4 4 & p °° ÿ With Cairo, the complexity of networking disappears. â » (4 h 4 ' w ° ÿ Cairo completely hides the boundaries between physical objects, such as computers and disk drives, allowing you to easily and confidently locate or access any information anywhere in your organization--even on non-Cairo machines. With Cairo, an organization's entire computing resources appear as if they were contained locally within every user's computer. Cairo also offers a new paradigm for accessing data. Instead of searching for information, Cairo users "ask" for it, supplementing the traditional "search and browse" paradigm that most computers employ today. To enable this, powerful query capabilities are built directly into Cairo's file system, allowing you to find objects anywhere in your organization by entering a few simple search criteria. For example, you could query for all documents written by Jill Smith after June 11, 1994 that contain the text "ray tracing on spherical surfaces." This kind of searching is made possible by the way in which Cairo stores information--as objects, rather than as simple streams of data commonly found in traditional files. It is therefore possible to query for documents, printers, services, users, machines, and almost everything else in this manner. Y ( 4 Á 4 1 D Æh |i X Á 4
4 4 OLE - An Evolutionary Path to the FutureL % h 4
4 ' J R ÿ An Evolutionary Path to the Future G Á 4 T 4 ' A °° ÿ Currently, OLE 2.0 offers integration within the boundaries of a single machine. Soon, Microsoft plans to release a new version of OLE that will work across networks, allowing you to tie information together on different personal computers no matter where those computers reside. This new "distributed" version of OLE will require no changes to existing OLE 2.0-based applications. An existing OLE 2.0 application can immediately begin connecting to other applications on other machines, in a manner that is completely transparent to users. @
4 4 & 5 ÿ Although the evolution from the current version of OLE 2.0 to Cairo offers dramatic changes in the way computers will be used, it will not require changes to existing applications. Much of the advanced technology that will be available in the future will simply be "inherited" by existing applications, with no changes to the applications themselves. Independent software vendors and corporate IS engineers can begin implementing solutions today using OLE 2.0 and be assured that this solution can tap into the power of future systems. 8 T 4 Ì4 & $ °° ÿ Related Topics: T ' 4 4 - *N ãuï
ÿ Cairo: Advanced Object Technology B Ì4 b4 1 à ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿY ÿÿÿÿb4 ¤@4 OLE - For vendors5 4 4 ' ÄR ÿ For Vendors Û b4 ¤@4 & · ° ÿ Component software will reduce the skyrocketing complexity of soft4 ¤@4 4 ware development, reduce software development costs, and create a more diverse set of market segments and niches for small, medium, and large vendors. @ 4 ä@4 1 Á ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿZ ÿÿÿÿä@4 eB4 OLE - For users3 ¤@4 A4 ' ÄR ÿ For Users N ( ä@4 eB4 & Q ° ÿ Component software means a much greater range of software choices, and better productivity. As users recognize the possibilities of component software, demand is likely to increase for specialized components that you can purchase at a local software retail outlet and "plug into" applications. G A4 ¬B4 1 á ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ[ ÿÿÿÿ¬B4 FD4 OLE - For Corporations: eB4 æB4 ' & ÄR ÿ For Corporations ` : ¬B4 FD4 & u ° ÿ Component software means lowering the cost of corporate computing, helping IS departments work more efficiently, and enabling your users to be more productive. This is likely to drive an even greater demand for software among businesses, especially for specialized components that solve business-specific needs. C æB4 D4 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ\ ÿÿÿÿD4 ÍE4 OLE - More Choices6 FD4 ¿D4 ' ÄR ÿ More Choices è D4 ÍE4 & Ñ ° ÿ Since Windows Objects enables the proliferation of a large number of components from all vendors, corporations will be able to choose from a larger pool of technologies that can be tailored to meet highly specific business needs. E ¿D4 F4 1 x ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ] ÿÿÿÿF4 EG4 OLE - Better quality8 ÍE4 JF4 ' " ÄR ÿ Better Quality û Õ F4 EG4 & « ° ÿ Broad-based participation in the component software market by small, medium, and large vendors will increase competition for discrete functions, which should produce more innovative and higher quality software. I JF4 G4 1 " ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ^ ÿÿÿÿG4 gI4 OLE - Better integration< EG4 ÊG4 ' * ÄR ÿ Better Integration w G4 gI4 & ï ° ÿ Because software will support a standard method of component-level communication, products from a wide range of vendors will interoperate more fully than today's applications. As a result, your users will find it easier to exchange data between applications, and systems analysts will be able to more easily build custom business solutions with off-the-shelf applications. N ÊG4 µI4 1 º ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ_ ÿÿÿÿµI4 !M4 OLE - Easier custom solutionsA gI4 öI4 ' 4 ÄR ÿ Easier Custom Solutions é  µI4 ßJ4 ' °° ÿ The Windows Objects framework will enable you to easily plug a wide range of components into applications, allowing a much greater range of application customization than is available today. B öI4 !M4 & 9 ° ÿ For example, you will be able to plug custom modules into a database application to provide a range of custom functions such as specialized financial modules, equation editing, scientific analysis, run-time tutorials, charting, and data compression. You will be able to get the functions that you need, in a more cost-effective manner. Likewise, IS technical staff will be able to build custom solutions in far less time by taking advantage of capabilities such as cross-application macro languages, which are enabled by OLE automation. S " ßJ4 tM4 1 × ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ` ÿÿÿÿtM4 4 OLE - Reduced Training and SupportF !M4 ºM4 ' > ÄR ÿ Reduced Training and Support f @ tM4 N4 & °° ÿ OLE 2.0 ushers in a new era of ease-of-use for applications. Ø ² ºM4 4 & e ° ÿ Although users will always need some level of support, OLE 2.0 applications will be more intuitive for your users, enabling them to be less reliant on training and support resources. The greater integration among applications will also allow you to more easily build your own integrated business solutions using off-the-shelf products, an advantage that will remove some of the workload from already overburdened IS support staffs. N4 4 !M4 R ! N4 ^4 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿa ÿÿÿÿ^4 x4 OLE - Better Return On InvestmentE 4 £4 ' < ÄR ÿ Better Return on Investment Õ ¯ ^4 x4 & _ ° ÿ Corporate software investments will not be wasted. Most larger corporations spend millions of dollars on software, only to use it in a highly inefficient manner. Since component software allows you to get the functions you need in a cost-efficient manner, software budgets are not wasted on capabilities that you won't use. As a result, corporate software investments will yield a higher rate of return than today's investments. R ! £4 Ê4 1 Ö ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿb ÿÿÿÿÊ4 N4 OLE - Decreased Development CostsE x4 4 ' < ÄR ÿ Decreased Development Costs ? Ê4 N4 & 3 ° ÿ As more components become available, the complexity (and hence the cost) of software development and maintenance should drop, especially for larger vendors with complex products. Component software allows vendors to more effectively tap into the vast resources of other vendors. Q 4 4 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿc ÿÿÿÿ4 U4 OLE - Better Industry EfficiencyD N4 ã4 ' : ÄR ÿ Better Industry Efficiency r L 4 U4 & ° ÿ With a large quantity of readily available components, the burden of reinventing common technologies will be lifted, allowing vendors to concentrate on new, and more innovative features. As a result, advances in technology can occur at a faster pace, and vendors can be more productive and selective in their development efforts. L ã4 ¡4 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿd ÿÿÿÿ¡4 4 OLE - Faster Time-To-Market? U4 à4 ' 0 ÄR ÿ Faster Time-to-Market " ü ¡4 4 & ù ° ÿ In addition to the more rapid turn-around for new product versions, the functions available to you should increase because of the greater number of compatible components that can be supplied with the application or purchased at their local retailer. I à4 K4 1 @ ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿe ÿÿÿÿK4 B4 OLE - More Niche Markets< 4 4 ' * ÄR ÿ More Niche Markets » K4 B4 & + ° ÿ All vendors should experience a new renaissance by building innovative components that can be licensed to other vendors or sold directly to users. M 4 4 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿf ÿÿÿÿ4 U4 OLE - Better Maintainability= B4 Ì4 ' , ÄR ÿ Better Maintainance b 4 U4 ' Å ° ÿ Because component-based applications are built using plug-in elements, it is possible to upgrade part of an application instead of replacing the entire application with a completely new version. This means that vendors can deliver upgrades to you on a component basis--without waiting for the "next version" of the entire application to be completed. T # Ì4 ©4 1 / ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿg ÿÿÿÿ©4 4 OLE - Open Programming ArchitectureG U4 ð4 ' @ ÄR ÿ Open Programming Architecture m ©4 4 ' Û ° ÿ Components can be created using different programming languages such as C++, FORTRAN, COBOL, and Assembly, and then combined to form a complete application. This gives vendors and users much greater flexibility to combine different types of software from various sources, and also enables programmers with different areas of expertise to cooperate more closely. E ð4 É4 1 M ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿh ÿÿÿÿÉ4 À4 OLE - Visual Editing8 4 4 ' " ÄR ÿ Visual Editing Ð © É4 À4 ' S ° ÿ This feature allows you to directly activate objects within documents without switching to a different window. This includes operations such as editing, displaying, recording, and playing. For example, you can double-click on a spreadsheet in a document and edit it right there, without switching to a new window. All the menus and buttons necessary to edit the object are merged with the controls of the document window. 4 À4 4 D 4 PÀ4 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿi ÿÿÿÿPÀ4 (Á4 OLE - Drag and Drop7 À4 À4 ' ÄR ÿ Drag and Drop ¡ | PÀ4 (Á4 % ø ° ÿ This feature enables you to drag objects from one application window to another, or to drop objects inside other objects. L À4 tÁ4 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿj ÿÿÿÿtÁ4 ¿Â4 OLE - Nested Object Support? (Á4 ³Á4 ' 0 ÄR ÿ Nested Object Support å tÁ4 ¿Â4 ' Ë ° ÿ This feature allows you to build new objects from existing ones by embedding objects within other objects. For example, you could embed a graphic within a range of cells in a spreadsheet that is itself embedded in a document. A ³Á4 Ã4 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿk ÿÿÿÿ Ã4 AÄ4 OLE - Automation4
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æ Ã4 AÄ4 ' Í ° ÿ This feature enables the creation of command sets that operate across applications, as well as within them. For example, a you could invoke a command from a word processing program that sorts a range of cells in a spreadsheet. S " 4Ã4 Ä4 1 ê Éh þi l Ä4 ÜÄ4 Æ4 OLE - Example of Compound DocumentH ! AÄ4 ÜÄ4 ' B R ÿ Example of a Compound Document [ Ä4 ^Æ4 ' · ° ÿ The compound document metaphor is excellent if you are working with productivity applications. It represents the information and applications that created or retrieved that data as a single application. This simplifies your interaction with the application, and can abstract the details associated with data retrival, or even data manipulation. 7 ÜÄ4 Æ4 2 4 ° " # ÿ X ' ^Æ4 íÆ4 1 |i ÿÿÿÿm íÆ4 8Ç4 5 OLE - Third Party Supporters of OLE 2.0K $ Æ4 8Ç4 ' H R ÿ Third Party Supporters of OLE 2.0 ¾ íÆ4 öÇ4 ' / °° ÿ The following independent software vendors (ISVs) are either currently shipping products supporting OLE 2.0 or plan to release before Spring Comdex. Ë ` 8Ç4 ÁÈ4 k #¦ÀÄ Ì Ì Õ ° ÿ . °ÿ T °ÿ °ÿÿÿ Above Software, Inc. Future Labs, Inc. Lenel Systems International ReportSmith Corporation ¿ T öÇ4 É4 k #¦¨Ä Ì Ì Õ ° ÿ °ÿ D °ÿ °ÿÿÿ AudioFile Gilbert & Associates Looking Glass Software, Inc. Saqqara Technology Õ j ÁÈ4 UÊ4 k #¦ÔÄ Ì Ì Õ ° ÿ * °ÿ f °ÿ ¢ °ÿÿÿ Blue Sky Software Gold Software Engineering Co Looking Glass Software, Inc. Scopus Technology, Inc.  W É4 Ë4 k #¦®Ä Ì Ì Õ ° ÿ $ °ÿ @ °ÿ z °ÿÿÿ Brio Technology GST Software LPC, A Pitney Bowes Company Sequoia Software Systems » P UÊ4 ÒË4 k #¦ Ä Ì Ì Õ ° ÿ @ °ÿ j °ÿ °ÿÿÿ Buzzwords International, Inc. Helix Systems, Inc. McLain Imaging Shapeware ¼ Q Ë4 Ì4 k #¦¢Ä Ì Ì Õ ° ÿ , °ÿ P °ÿ d °ÿÿÿ Caliper Corporation IdentiTech, Inc. Metaphor Simulation Technologies, Inc. Î c ÒË4 \Í4 k #¦ÆÄ Ì Ì Õ ° ÿ 4 °ÿ x °ÿ ¢ °ÿÿÿ Chrisalan Designs, Inc. ImageFast Software Systems, Inc. METZ Software, Inc. Softbridge, Inc. ß t Ì4 ;Î4 k #¦èÄ Ì Ì Õ ° ÿ B °ÿ v °ÿ °ÿÿÿ Cimmetry Systems Inc. (C.S.I.) ImageWave Software, Inc. Micro Logic, Inc. SoftSolutions Technology Corporation ¬ A \Í4 çÎ4 k #¦Ä Ì Ì Õ ° ÿ °ÿ L °ÿ l °ÿÿÿ Claris Corp. InfoPower Corporation Microcom, Inc. SPSS Inc. ¸ M ;Î4 Ï4 k #¦Ä Ì Ì Õ ° ÿ °ÿ \ °ÿ t °ÿÿÿ CompuHelp Informative Graphics Corporation Micrografx STEFRA Enterprise ¹ N çÎ4 d 5 k #¦Ä Ì Ì Õ ° ÿ 8 °ÿ N °ÿ rÏ4 d 5 Æ4 °ÿÿÿ Corel Systems Corporation Interleaf MicroLogic, Inc. Straylight Software Å Z Ï4 )5 k #¦´Ä Ì Ì Õ ° ÿ & °ÿ b °ÿ °ÿÿÿ Crystal Services Interlinear Technology, Inc. Microsoft Corp Summit Software Company Ñ f d 5 ú5 k #¦ÌÄ Ì Ì Õ ° ÿ °ÿ J °ÿ °ÿÿÿ DCA, Inc. InterTech Imaging Corp. Morrison Knudsen Corporation Systems Compatibility Corporation ¸ M )5 ²5 k #¦Ä Ì Ì Õ ° ÿ " °ÿ D °ÿ z °ÿÿÿ Design Science Iris Associates Object Productivity, Inc. TeleFile, Inc. À U ú5 r5 k #¦ªÄ Ì Ì Õ ° ÿ . °ÿ X °ÿ °ÿÿÿ Digital Design, Inc. JetForm Corporation Patrick Consult, Inc. The Athena Group À U ²5 25 k #¦ªÄ Ì Ì Õ ° ÿ @ °ÿ V °ÿ j °ÿÿÿ Digital Equipment Corporation Kaseworks PC Quote Thuridion Software Engineering º O r5 ì5 k #¦Ä Ì Ì Õ ° ÿ , °ÿ \ °ÿ z °ÿÿÿ DigiVox Corporation Kedwell Software, Inc. PCvoice, Inc. Traffic Software · L 25 £5 k #¦Ä Ì Ì Õ ° ÿ * °ÿ < °ÿ l °ÿÿÿ Dynaware USA, Inc. Keyfile Pectronics Corporation Trax Softworks, Inc. È ] ì5 k5 k #¦ºÄ Ì Ì Õ ° ÿ * °ÿ X °ÿ °ÿÿÿ Dynaware USA, Inc. KIDASA Software, Inc. PenKnowledge, Inc. Walker Richer & Quinn, Inc. Ù n £5 D5 k #¦ÜÄ Ì Ì Õ ° ÿ F °ÿ °ÿ ´ °ÿÿÿ Feith Systems and Software, Inc. LABTECH (Laboratory Technologies Corp.) Q+E Software Watermark Software ª ? k5 î5 k #¦~Ä Ì Ì Õ ° ÿ °ÿ
°ÿ F °ÿÿÿ Q/Media Software Corporation WK Information Systems Ltd ( D5 5 % ° ÿ h 7 î5 ~5 1 º ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿn ~5 È5 5 OnLine Services for Windows NT PW(0,0,675,850,3,"MAIN")J ! 5 È5 ) "B °°û ÿ Online Services for Windows NT « ~5 s 5 & ° ÿ Microsoft provides a variety of online services for end users and developers. In addition to the Microsoft TechNet and Developer Network forums on CompuServe, Microsoft sponsors the Microsoft Connection: 24 CompuServe forums that provide information and support for Microsoft products. Facilitated by Microsoft, these forums provide the means for interactive dialog with a large community of other Microsoft customers worldwide, as well as remote access to product information, sample programs, utilities, drivers, and developer tools. Microsoft also supports electronic service requests and provides product support information via modem. p È5 5 % à ° ÿ The options described below are available for users who need unlimited access to technical support via modem. O ) s 5 W 5 & R °° ÿ The Microsoft Connection on CompuServe q J 5 È
5 ' ° ÿ Current CompuServe users can access the Microsoft Connection by typing GO MICROSOFT at any "!" prompt. To connect to a specific forum or area, type GO
5 À5 & ° ÿ This centralized area provides developers with technical support and information services for all Microsoft developer products. t M 5 45 ' ¬R# ÿ End User Services, Networking, MS Windows and MS-DOS, and Developer Forums v P À5 ¶@5 & ¡ ° ÿ Technical support is available on more than 24 CompuServe forums that allow an interactive dialog between users as well as remote access to the Microsoft Knowledge B45 ¶@5 5 ase of product information, which is updated daily. Microsoft support engineers monitor and participate in all forums to ensure complete and accurate information flow. @ 45 ö@5 ' 2 ¬R# ÿ Windows Vendors forums u ¶@5 A5 % ê ° ÿ This set of forums provides customers with access to more than 40 companies that produce applications for Windows. G ö@5 ×A5 ' @ ¬R# ÿ The Microsoft Knowledge Base Ç ¡ A5 B5 & C ° ÿ This database of technical information on Microsoft products includes bug lists, fix lists, records of documentation errors, and common questions and answers. H ! ×A5 æB5 ' B ¬R# ÿ The Microsoft Software Library ¯ B5 C5 & ° ÿ This library includes binary files, sample code, technical notes, and utilities that users can search by keyword and download locally. C æB5 ØC5 ' 8 ¬R# ÿ Suggestion/Problem Report Ñ « C5 ©D5 & W ° ÿ Clients use this form to make product suggestions or to report bugs in Microsoft products. There is no connect-time charge for providing this information to Microsoft. L % ØC5 õD5 ' J ¬R# ÿ The Microsoft Central Europe Forum b = ©D5 WE5 % z ° ÿ This unique forum provides support for localized products. E õD5 E5 ' < ¬R# ÿ The Microsoft Benelux Forum b = WE5 þE5 % z ° ÿ This unique forum provides support for localized products. C E5 AF5 ' 8 ¬R# ÿ The Microsoft Italy Forum b = þE5 £F5 % z ° ÿ This unique forum provides support for localized products. 7 AF5 ÚF5 & " °° ÿ Other Services H ! £F5 "G5 ' B ÄR ÿ The Microsoft Download Service ÷ Ñ ÚF5 H5 & £ ° ÿ This service provides access to printer drivers, technical notes, and supplementary files covering common Microsoft product support issues via modem, 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Call (206) 936-6735. 8 "G5 QH5 ' " ÄR ÿ America Online Ò ¬ H5 #I5 & Y ° ÿ Users can access the Microsoft Knowledge Base database of technical product information via America Online. For more information on America Online, call (800) 827-6364. A QH5 dI5 ' 4 ÄR ÿ GE Information Services æ #I5 pJ5 & Í ° ÿ Users can also access the Microsoft Knowledge Base database of technical product information and the Microsoft Software Library via GE Information Services. For more information on GE Information Services, call (800) 334-2255. 2 dI5 ¢J5 ' ÄR ÿ Internet * pJ5 ÌK5 & ° ÿ Users can access the Microsoft Knowledge Base and the Microsoft Software Library. The Microsoft Internet FTP archive host FTP.MICROSOFT.COM supports anonymous log-in. When logging on as anonymous, please provide your complete e-mail name as your password. J # ¢J5 L5 ' F ÄR ÿ Microsoft Network Product Forums 4
ÌK5 JL5 ' ¬R# ÿ MSNETWORKS ~ Y L5 ÈL5 % ² ° ÿ Client-server computing forum with sections on LAN Manager and other networking issues / JL5 ÷L5 ' ¬R# ÿ MSSQL g ÈL5 M5 & Î ° ÿ Support for Microsoft SQL Server Users can also access this forum from the developer services area. 2 ÷L5 ¶M5 ' ¬R# ÿ MSWRKGRP µ M5 kN5 ' ° ÿ Support for Microsoft Windows for Workgroups and Microsoft Mail Topics include setup, connectivity, sharing, accessories, and File Manager. M & ¶M5 ¸N5 ' L ÄR ÿ Microsoft Windows and MS-DOS Forums / kN5 çN5 ' ¬R# ÿ WINNT b = ¸N5 IO5 % z ° ÿ Information on Windows NT and support for the beta program 2 çN5 {O5 ' ¬R# ÿ WINSHARE · IO5 >5 ' ! ° ÿ Utilities and general information about Windows for new users Support topics include installa{O5 >5 5 tion, running MS-DOS applications, and printing. M & {O5 5 ' L ÄR ÿ Microsoft Developer Services Forums 1
>5 ¼5 ' ¬R# ÿ MSDNLIB n 5 O5 % Ü ° ÿ Microsoft Developer Network technical library forum with a collection of technical articles and sample code . ¼5 }5 ' ¬R# ÿ MSDR _ O5 5 & ¾ ° ÿ Microsoft Developer Relations forum Discussion of a variety of developer topics; no support. 0 }5 25 ' ¬R# ÿ MSLANG w R 5 ©5 % ¤ ° ÿ Language support for C/C++, COBOL, FORTRAN, Macro Assembler, Pascal, and QuickC 2 25 Û5 ' ¬R# ÿ MSLANG32 e @ ©5 @5 % ° ÿ Timely and useful information on the 32-bit language products 0 Û5 p5 ' ¬R# ÿ WINOBJ v @5 5 % ì ° ÿ Provides an open platform for discussion and technical assistance on Microsoft Windows Object products, such as OLE 4
p5 ?5 ' ¬R# ÿ MSNETWORKS ~ Y 5 ½5 % ² ° ÿ Client-Server Computing forum with sections on LAN Manager and other networking issues / ?5 ì5 ' ¬R# ÿ MSSQL j ½5 | 5 & Ô ° ÿ Support for Microsoft SQL Server End users can also access this forum from the developer services area. 1
ì5 5 ' ¬R# ÿ MSWin32 E | 5 ò 5 % @ ° ÿ Microsoft Win32 support forum 1
5 #5 ' ¬R# ÿ PROGSMA ³ ò 5 Ö5 ' ° ÿ Support for WordBasic and the Excel Software Developer's Kit (SDK) End users can also access this forum from the developer services area. 0 #5 5 ' ¬R# ÿ WINEXT z U Ö5 5 % ª ° ÿ Windows Extensions forum with support for the Pen Software Developer's Kit and OLE 0 5 °5 ' ¬R# ÿ WINSDK V 1 5 5 % b ° ÿ Windows Software Development Kit support forum | °5 ³5 1 È ÿÿÿÿqk o ³5 ö5 5 Windows NT Compared to OS/2 EB("btn_topic_index");SaveMark("topic_index");CBB("btn_next_index", "PI(`nteval.hlp',`Next_2')")C 5 ö5 % < ° ÿ Windows NT Compared to OS/2 " ü ³5 5 & ù ° ÿ If you are considering purchasing an OS/2® 2.1 system or expanding your present system to include OS/2 2.1, it is worthwhile to evaluate how OS/2 2.1 compares with the Windows NT operating system. Although they do share some design and implementation goals to solve common business problems, Windows NT and OS/2 2.1 are very different architecturally. This subject discusses both the similarities and the differences between the two systems and examines their suitability for key roles in the enterprise. u þ ö5 5 w ¼ý ãAP-F
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ÿ In 1988, Microsoft and IBM made the strategic decision to completely rewrite OS/2 and create a portable, scaleable, and powerful new operating system for the 1990s and beyond. This was the beginning of the project to design Windows NT. Unlike OS/2 2.1, which is based largely on its OS/2 1.x predecessors, Windows NT would leave behind the legacy 16-bit code written primarily for the Intel ® 286 processor. Former VMS architect, Dave Cutler , and his development team were brought in to develop a modern, 32-bit, portable operating system. At one time,5 5À5 5 Windows NT was to be OS/2 version 3.0. ó 5 SÂ5 + $ç ° ÿ Development for OS/2 3.0 began in 1988. While design specifications were submitted by both IBM and Microsoft, development for the product was done at Microsoft. For OS/2 1.X users, the Presentation Manager user interface is similar in many ways to Windows NT, making it easy for users to navigate through the system. Additionally, character-based and presentation manager programs written for OS/2 1.X are supported under the OS/2 subsystem in Windows NT. Key Support for OS/2 1.X users Include: ] 5À5 °Ä5 > J? °
ÿ Single Command Prompt - This command prompt supports all OS/2, LAN Manager and most LAN Server commands. OS/2 application Support - Support for OS/2 1.X character and PRESENTATION MANAGER-based applications. Migration Tools - Microsoft offers a complete set of migration tools to move LAN Manager users easily to Windows NT Advanced Server. Support for HPFS -Windows NT supports existing HPFS Volumes. Should you wish to migrate to the Windows NT File System (NTFS) Windows NT provides graphical migration utilities for this process. \ + SÂ5 Å5 1 £ o l q Å5 _Å5 ÑÈ5 Features Common to Both Windows NT and OS/2S . °Ä5 _Å5 % \ ÿ Features Common to Both Windows NT and OS/2 j Å5 ïÅ5 & Ô °° ÿ The goal of both Windows NT and OS/2 2.1 is to improve your productivity through innovative technology. a _Å5 vÇ5 & à ° ÿ This allows you to focus on information and results, not the process of gathering that information, or the tools necessary to manipulate it. However, the implementation of Windows NT gives you greater flexibility to choose from a wider range of hardware and software, as well as better access to data that may exist in legacy systems or on other PCs. [ ë ïÅ5 ÑÈ5 p ®× ãæwHÓ
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ÿ Multithreading and Preemptive Multitasking Robust System Support for MS-DOS, 16bit Windows-based and OS/2 1.X Applications Integration with SNA Environments Flat Memory Model Support for FAT, HPFS File Systems ^ - vÇ5 /É5 1 È Io àn r /É5 É5 Î5 Comparing Windows NT to OS/2 - MultithreadingU 0 ÑÈ5 É5 % ` ÿ Multithreading: Comparing Windows NT and OS/2 k E /É5 ïÉ5 & °° ÿ Both OS/2 and Windows NT support multithreading and multitasking. < ò É5 +Ì5 J bå ° âÓì
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ÿ This means that you can design an application, a spreadsheet for instance, to simultaneously recalculate a large volume of cells, print a large report, and rearrange cells. Windows NT can distribute each thread context of each process over multiple processors, allowing applications to scale over multiple processors for efficient capacity planning. (See Example ) OS/2 cannot provide the same multithreading capability because it only supports single processor, Intel-based machines. ð ½ ïÉ5 Î5 3 4{ ° ã ï
ÿ The multitasking capabilities of Windows NT are also designed to prevent message queues from monopolizing the processor. Because OS/2 employs a synchronous input queue, the system can freeze or appear to halt due to the fact that input queue must wait for an application to finish its routine. An ill-behaved application may not give back processor time to other applications. Why Multitasking is More Effective Under Windows NT Than OS/2 h 7 +Ì5 Î5 1 ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿs ÿÿÿÿÎ5 x 6 Comparing Windows NT to OS/2 - Multithreading - Example.
Î5 ±Î5 $ ÿ Example » Î5 x 6 & + ° ÿ An excellent example of this is SQL Server for Windows NT. SQL Server creates a new thread for each user on the system, allowing Windows NT to schedule the threads to use whichever processor is available, improving response time from the database server. Windows NT handles the thread-scheduling ±Î5 x 6 Î5 of all applications, thus eliminating many of complexities that arise with multi-user server applications. a 0 ±Î5 Ù 6 1 × àn o t Ù 6 >6 ä6 OS/2 - How Multitasking Can Cause a System Crashe @ x 6 >6 % ÿ Why Multitasking is More Effective Under Windows NT than OS/2 a Ù 6 Æ6 ' à °° ÿ Multitasking operating systems with windowing capabilities manage messages from simultaneously-running applications with message queues. Problems can occur, however, if one single message queue manages both internal system tasks and application tasks, which is the situation with OS/2. In this case, an application can monopolize, and even crash the system by blocking the message queue. Busy applications can also freeze the system (when printing a long document, for example), and make you wait for them to finish. When this happens, the main benefit of multitasking, namely higher productivity, is lost. ø >6 ä6 & ñ ° ÿ To prevent this, Windows NT separates the system message queue from the application/window queue. The operating system can then shut down any application that no longer responds to system requests, and the user's service continues uninterrupted. ] , Æ6 A6 1 Î k ¥
l u A6 6 26 Comparing Windows NT to OS/2 - Robust SystemT / ä6 6 % ^ ÿ Robust System: Comparing Windows NT and OS/2 ß A6 6 , &¿ ° ÿ Both OS/2 and Windows NT offer better reliability than the MS-DOS ® operating environment. However, because Windows NT is a completely new, modular 32-bit operating system built on the experience of OS/2, it offers you: ¨ b 6 H6 F \Ä V°¶L6
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l Äl v 6 ß6 6 Application Isolation: Windows NT and OS/2R - 26 ß6 % Z ÿ Application Isolation: Windows NT and OS/2 t 6 y 6 & é ° ÿ By running each application in its own protected subsystem, Windows NT ensures that no application can crash the system. 32-Bit applications run in their own protected address space and therefore cannot cras