Category : Utilities for DOS and Windows Machines
Archive   : DISKCOMM.ZIP
Filename : DISK210.DOC

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³ ³
³ ³
³ The Disk Commando Utilities ³
³ Copyright (C) 1986, 1987 ³
³ by: Sandi & Shane Stump ³
³ ³
³ Version 2.10 ³
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Sandi & Shane Stump
Box 276125
San Antonio, Texas 78225-6125
(512) 670-8835


















The Disk Commando Utilities


Table of Contents
-----------------


The Shareware Principle...............1

Introduction..........................2

Please Note...........................4

We Recommend..........................4

Command Syntax........................5

The Disk Commando Integrator..........6

DD - The Disk Directory Command.......8

DE - The Directory Editor Command....10

DM - The Disk Map Command............13

DO - The Disk Optimizer Command......15

DS - The Disk Sort Command...........18

DT - The Disk Test Command...........21

FI - The File Information Command....23

FL - The File Locator Command........25

FR - The Format Recovery Command.....26

HE - The Hex Editor Command..........28

TD - The Tree Directory Command......33

TT - The Time Tamer Command..........35

UD - The Undelete File Command.......37

VF - The View File Command...........42

VL - The Volume Label Command........44

ZD - The Zap Disk Command............46

ZF - The Zap File Command............48












ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ The Shareware Principle ³
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Overview Shareware is one alternative to the high price and
uncertainty of commercial software. Good software is made
available for a limited test period to users for their
evaluation and use. Once the test period is over, we are
relying on the general honesty of the persons using our
software to determine whether they will use the software.
If you decide that you like the program, we fervently hope
that you would send the requested contribution. Otherwise,
you should delete the software from your disks. The
software is not intended to be a "freebie". Writing and
supporting software takes a tremendous amount of time,
money, and energy; if software authors are not reimbursed
for it, they probably will quit writing for the general
public.


Single On the opening screen of the Disk Commando Integrator, our
User address, telephone number, and requested registration price
Regis- of $40 is displayed. The phone number is there for you to
tration register your copy or for registered users to use in
contacting us about problems. Extended support will not be
given to unregistered users. If you have a serious problem
or need to have a question answered, we will try to help
you, but if you do not intend to register your copy, don't
call. If you wish to make any comments or suggestions, we
we would prefer you to write us a letter (Shane already
spends 4 to 8 hours a day on the telephone), so that we can
keep track of who wanted what. If you are not a registered
user and you wish us to respond, please enclose a
self-addressed, stamped envelope.


Corporate Registration is on a single user basis; what this means is that
& Multiple the $40 fee does not register an entire user group, business,
Copy company, corporation, government office, school district or any
Regis- other multiple-user/computer organization. In these cases, we
tration have quantity pricing as follows:

Number of machines/users Price per unit
2 - 10 $35
11 - 25 $30
26 - 50 $25
51 - $20

Site licensing is available for larger companies. Please
call for more information.


Unregistered
Copies All unregistered copies will show all box characters replaced
by blinking reverse video $'s. When your copy is registered,
you will receive a version that eliminates this nuisance and
the Shareware notices.


1





ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ Introduction ³
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Overview The Disk Commando utilities have been created as tools in
your day-to-day use of hard disks and diskettes. With these
17 utilities, you can re-optimize your disk drive, recover
accidently deleted files and sub-directories, sort the
contents of a directory in any order, possibly recover disk
information after a execution of a format command. You
should have the following files:


Files README.NOW -- Important Notes to be read before using the
Disk Commando utilities.

DC.DOC -- Contains documentation of all commands (this
file)

DCI.EXE -- Help screens on all commands are shown and any
of the 17 commands can be executed.

DD.EXE DE.EXE DM.EXE DO.EXE DS.EXE
DT.EXE FI.EXE FL.EXE FR.EXE HE.EXE
TT.EXE TD.EXE UD.EXE VF.EXE VL.EXE
ZD.EXE ZF.EXE


Command The commands available are briefly described below:
Description
-- Disk Directory command. Shows the contents of the disk
in a split screen format.

-- Directory Editor command. Lets you edit any directory
entry's information, including file name, size, date,
time, starting cluster number, and file attributes.

-- Disk Map command. Shows the relative amount of disk
space used to bad sectors and unused space. Also shows
relevant disk technical information.

-- Disk Optimizer command. Rearranges file data clusters
to be contiguous. This process makes disk access
faster. Five different order options are available.

-- Directory Sort command. Sorts the directory's contents
into the order that you wish it to appear in a DIR
command. The directory can be sorted by file name,
extension, size, date, time, attribute, in ascending or
descending order either automatically or in an
interactive, full-screen environment. Selected files
can be moved to appear anywhere in the directory
listing while in full-screen mode.

-- Disk Test command. Examines all or portions of the disk
for bad sectors and marks those found. If one is found
within a file chain, the file can be rebuilt excluding
the bad sector.

2





-- File Information command. Attaches and displays a
user-defined, 60 character descriptive comment to
selected files.

-- File Locator command. Searches the disk for a file or
files that match the given wildcard pattern.

-- Format Recovery command. Recovers information from a
recently formatted disk.

-- Hex Edit command. Physically edits a file or sectors of
the disk.

-- Tree Directory command. Displays the directory tree for
use with the make, remove and change directory commands
or searches the disk for the first occurence of the
directory name and logs you there.

-- Time Tamer command. Provides a stopwatch to determine
relative speeds of processes. Also displays the current
time and date at the current cursor position.

-- UnDelete File command. Recovers file information and
rebuilds a recently deleted file and/or subdirectory.
This procedure cannot be guaranteed to reconstruct a
file.

-- View File command. Displays a file and allows movement
(Up, Down, Left, Right) in a file.

-- Volume Label command. Modifies, adds, or removes the
current volume label on a specified disk.

-- Zap Disk command. Overwrites the disk or unused space
on the disk with a repetition of an ASCII character to
obscure its contents of the disk. Any disk that is so
overwritten cannot be UnDeleted or unformatted.

-- Zap File command. Overwrites a file with a repetition
of an ASCII character to obscure its contents.




















3





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³ Please Note... ³
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PLEASE BACK UP ALL IMPORTANT DATA BEFORE RUNNING ANY OF
THESE PROGRAMS. This recommendation cannot be stressed
enough. These utilities have been rigorously tested but a
power spike at the wrong time, incorrect use of a utility,
or other mishap can occur with sometimes painful results for
you and your valuable data. Making consistent, timely
backups, alternating between two disks, is the best
insurance in the case of accidental loss of data.


ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ We Recommend ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ


Probably the best way to accustom yourself with the use of
this program is to try it out. What we recommend is that
you get a diskette that you would not be too upset about
losing and use it to try out all of the commands. None of
the commands should give you any trouble, but the DE -
Directory Editor and the HE - Hex Editor have the potential
to really mess up your files or disk if you do not know what
you are doing and make a mistake. Also, it would give you
some peace of mind to try the Undelete or Disk Optimizer
programs on a less than vital diskette first, so that you
know the correct command procedure when you really do need
to run it on important disks and files. This also gives you
the opportunity to experiment and try out different
features.


























4





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³ Command Syntax ³
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Overview When command line options are shown in the help files and
in the below documentation, optional parameters are shown
housed in brackets '[]'. The brackets themselves are not a
part of the command and should not be entered along with
the parameters. Normally, the first character of an
optional parameter is a front-slash '/' (division sign) or
the drive character followed by a colon.


Some command line parameters are mutually exclusive. For
instance, in the TimeTamer stopwatch command, the /STOP and
/START options cannot be used together successfully. No
error message will be shown, but no action will take place
either.


Multiple When multiple parameters are to entered after one command,
Parameters separate each option with a single space. Options are
shown in capital letters, but lower-case letters are also
accepted entered at the command line. Some parameters are
shown in the help screen with both upper and lower-case
letters. In these cases, the lower-case letters usually
represent a variable that is to be set by the user. The
lower case letter should not be entered on the command line.


Default Some parameters provide essential information. In many
Values cases, a default value is assumed if none is specified.
These defaults are usually predictable. If no drive is
provided, the current drive is usually assumed; if no
directory name is provided, the current directory is used.


Cursor In any of the full-screen commands, the cursor keys are
Movement used to position the highlighted selector bar on the item
to be selected. These keys include the up, down, left, and
right arrows, the PgUp, PgDn, Home, and End keys. Wordstar
cursor movement keys are also available, including CNTL-E,
CNTL-X, CNTL-S, CNTL-D, CNTL-R, CNTL-C.


Each utility is explained in greater detail below, along
with a description of their command lines and examples of
their appearance.


Executing These commands can be run in from the DCI program or
the separately. Execution from the DCI is described in the Disk
Commands Commando Integrator section. To run the commands from
outside the DCI, enter the two letter command name at the DOS
prompt, followed by the appropriate command parameters to be
used. For example, to run the TD command to display the
tree directory of the current drive command in this manner,
type: DISK TD

5





ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ The Disk Commando Integrator ³
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Overview The Disk Commando Integrator performs two functions: it
displays a command description for each utility to aid in
their execution and it allows any of the programs to be run
from its shell.


The first command description shown on the screen is the DE
command. By using the cursor keys or the Wordstar screen
movement keys, the command highlight bar can be moved to
the desired command. The display to the side of the screen
should change as the bar moves, showing the help screen for
the highlighted command. The top lines in the help screen
gives a brief description of the command highlighted. Below
this appears the available command line options and their
description. At least one example of use of the command is
shown at the bottom of the help screen.


Command The command line parameters are:
Line DCI /BW /HELP


/BW The /BW option sets the screen color mode to black and
white, instead of the default color scheme. It is not
necessary to use this option if you have a monochrome
monitor with a monochrome text board. If you have a
monochrome monitor with a color graphics board in your
machine, if this option is not used, your screen text will
be very hard to read. The easiest way to determine whether
or not you need to use this option is to execute "DISK" once
without the /BW option. If the screen is difficult to
read, press ESCAPE to get out of the program and use the
/BW option with all commands thereafter.


/HELP The /HELP option shows the help screen for the Integrator.
This option is available for all commands from the command
line. To display the help screen while inside the
Integrator, press the F1-Help key.


Command Any of the described commands can be run from the Disk
Execution Commando Integrator in one of two ways: by moving the
highlighted command bar to the desired command or by pressing
the TAB key to enter quick mode and entering the two letter
command name followed by the command options that you wish
to execute.








6





Execute To execute a command from the Integrator, move the
using highlighted selection bar up or down the screen to the
Normal command, then press ENTER. At the bottom of the screen,
Mode will appear the following prompt:

Enter arguments: _

At this point, enter the drive/path and command parameters
that you wish to use with the command. If you forget what
parameters are available and what they mean, simply look on
the right-hand side of the screen at the information in the
command description. Once you have entered the command
parameters, press ENTER. The Integrator will now execute
the command.


Execute To execute the command via the Integrator's quick mode,
using simply press the TAB key and enter the two character command
Quick Mode name. The screen will then display the command description
of the command. After pressing ENTER to select the command,
the arguments prompt shown above will appear. Enter the
parameters that you wish to use with the command and press
ENTER to begin execution of the command.





































7





ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ DD - The Disk Directory Command ³
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Overview The Disk Directory command displays the contents of the
current in a split screen format. The directory tree is
shown in the top half of the screen, with the file listing
of each directory shown in the bottom.


Command The command line parameters are:
Line DD [drive:path] [/BW] [/HELP]


[d:path] The [drive:path] parameter accepts the drive that you wish
displayed. The remainder of the path is used as a starting
point for the directory display.


/BW The /BW option changes from color screen output to black and
white text. This is only necessary if the screen is
illegible when run without this option.


/HELP The /HELP option is available from the help line when you
forget what parameters are available and/or what those
parameters mean. This information is similar to that given
for the command in the Disk Commando Integrator DI
description screen.


Operation When the disk directory command is invoked, the screen
clears and shows a split screen display with the designated
disk directory tree in the top half of the screen and the
contents of the highlighted directory in the bottom half.
The starting directory will be highlighted in yellow. At
the bottom of the screen appears the commands available.
F2-Change Windows switches between the directory tree and
the file display. The F9-File Display command switches
the file display mode between one file per line, showing
all pertinent file information and three files per line.
In the bottom right corner of the screen shows the current
disk and directory statistics.


Cursor To move the highlighted directory bar up or down through
Movement the tree, use the up, down, left, or right cursor keys. The
In Tree Home and End keys go to the first or last directory in the
tree, the PgUp and PgDn keys page through the tree listing.
When the highlighted bar appears in the file portion of the
screen, the same cursor keys are used to affect similar
movement.







8





F2-Change Pressing the F2-Change Windows key switches the highlighted
Windows bar from the directory tree to the file listing or vice
versa. This allows you to move down through and examine
the contents of the directory selected. Now using the
cursor keys move through the file display for the directory
instead of the directory tree. Pressing F2 again returns
the highlighted bar to the directory tree.


F9-File Pressing the F9-File Display key at any point in the
Display program switches between file display modes. The default
file display mode is one file per line, with all of the
pertinent file information shown to the right of the file
name. Pressing F9 switches to the condensed file display
mode, showing three files per line. This mode only
displays the name of each file. Pressing the F9 key again
returns the display to the one file per line mode.












































9





ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ DE - The Directory Editor Command ³
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Overview The Directory Editor command allows knowledgeable users
access to the directory information. This information can
be modified at will. This should not be used by anyone
who does not know what they are doing, and the person
using this should make certain all important information
on the disk is backed up before using this command. If
the modifications are to made to a floppy disk, use the
DISKCOPY command to ensure that you an identical backup.
When directory information is modified, it can result in
serious and dangerous consequences. There is no reason
for most people to modify much of the information
associated with each directory entry.


Command The command line parameters are:
Line DE [drive:path] [/BW] [/HELP]


[d:path] The [drive:path] parameter accepts the drive and directory
path that you wish to make modifications to.


/BW The /BW option changes from color screen output to black and
white text. This is only necessary if the screen is
illegible when run without this option.


/HELP The /HELP option is available from the help line when you
forget what parameters are available and/or what those
parameters mean. This information is similar to that given
for the command in the Disk Commando Integrator DE
description screen.


Operation When the directory editor command is invoked, the screen
clears and displays a listing of directory entries
occuring in the directory chosen. This list will contain
any files, subdirectories, deleted files, and volume label
(if in root). This listing also displays the entries'
size, date, time, starting cluster number, and attributes.
The attributes available are Read Only, Hidden, System,
Volume, Directory, and Archive.


Cursor To move the highlighted file bar up or down the directory
Movement listing, use the up or down cursor keys.


The directory selected for modification is named at the top
of the screen. The commands available for use are located
at the bottom of the screen. These include F1-Edit Entry,
F9-Undo, and ESC-Quit.



10





F1-Edit Once you have highlighted the directory entry that you wish
Entry to edit, press F1 to edit that entry. The command line will
now display new information including movement commands.
The TAB key and the ENTER move across the screen, field by
field. Pressing the CNTL-TAB key moves backwards across the
fields. Using the left, right, Home, and End cursor keys
move appropriately within the current entry field. The
Insert key switches between Insert and Overwrite modes. The
Delete key deletes the character located at the cursor. The
space bar, when located within the attribute field, toggles
off or on the current attribute. The F9 key undoes any
changes made to the current field, and the ESC key exits
back to the main command line.


File Name When you modify the file name, make certain that you enter
the characters of the name in upper-case. DOS does not
recognize filenames written in lower-case lettering.


File Size DO NOT modify the size of the file unless you have a very
good reason to do so and you know what you are doing.
Changing the size of the file can cause CHKDSK to report
errors with the file.


Date/Time Invalid dates and times cannot be entered. An invalid date
is one that falls before January 1, 1980 and December 31,
2099. An invalid time will not be accepted. An hour given
after 12 will automatically be converted to pm time.


Starting As with the file size, DO NOT alter the starting cluster
Cluster number unless you have an extremely good reason to do so and
you know exactly what you are doing. The starting sector of
the file is the first location where the actual file can be
found. Changing the starting data cluster can cause CHKDSK
to report cross-sectored files.


Attribute Changing a directory entry's attribute can affect the way
DOS and other programs interact with the file, and can cause
problems in executing or accessing the entry. The R/O
attribute only allows the file to read from, not written to.
The HIDden attribute hides the entry from DOS' view. The
SYStem attribute marks special system files. The VOLume
label attribute marks the special directory entry providing
the name of the disk volume. The DIRectory attribute is the
special mark designating a subdirectory. The ARChive
attribute marks entries that have been accessed. By
pressing the space bar while the cursor is in any of these
attributes columns will toggle the attribute either ON or
OFF. If the attribute is already shown in the column,
pressing SPACE will remove the attribute.






11





F9-Undo Pressing F9-Undo restores the field to its previous state
before it was altered. Pressing ESC-Quit will return to the
previous command mode. If the entry had been altered in any
way, you will be asked if you wish to save the changes made.
If you answer N for no, the entry will be shown as it was
before you began to edit it. Answering Y for yes will save
the changes made to a temporary file, not to the disk. This
gives you another opportunity to change your mind before
irrevocably changing your directory.


Once an entry has been modified, it will appear on the
screen in red text. This sets it apart from the rest of the
unaltered entries. Pressing F9-Undo at this point will
restore the changed entry to its original status.


ESC-Quit Pressing ESC-Quit will exit the DE program. If changes have
been made to the directory entries on the screen, you will
first be asked if you wish to save the changes made to disk.
Answering N for no will exit without writing the changes
made in the program out to disk. Answering Y for yes will
overwrite the current directory with the new information.
If you have made a mistake while editing an entry, the
directory will reflect that. It would be wise to run CHKDSK
after changing the information in the directory, to catch
any serious problems.

































12





ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ DM - The Disk Map Command ³
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Overview The Disk Map command shows the relative amount of disk space
used compared to unused space and bad sectors. Under this
command is an option that displays general disk technical
information. The DM command is utterly safe to use; it
does not alter the disk in any way. Its only function is
to provide you with disk information in a different format
than is usually seen by the user.


Command The command line parameters are:
Line DM [drive:] [/BW] [/HELP]


/BW The /BW option changes from color screen output to black and
white text. This is only necessary if the screen is
illegible when run without this option.


/HELP The /HELP option is available from the help line when you
forget what parameters are available and/or what those
parameters mean. This information is similar to that given
for the command in the Disk Commando Integrator DM
description screen.


Example: DM B:

This displays a map of the space usage of the specified
drive, in this case drive 'B'. When this command is
executed, the screen is cleared and displays the disk map at
the top of the screen and a legend at the bottom, explaining
what the symbols mean. The diamond character represents
space used by files, the blinking B character represents bad
space on the disk. The scattered dot block character shows
unused space on the disk. Each block represents a specifed
number of clusters. For example, on a 360k floppy disk,
each block represents 1 cluster where on a 20M hard disk,
each block represents 8 clusters. Sometimes, the entire
screen is not used to represent the disk map of the drive.


The current directory is shown at the bottom of the screen,
along with the size of the disk, the amount of free space on
the disk, and the number of directories and files that
appear on the disk.


At the bottom of the screen, two command keys are shown.
They are the F1-Disk Technical Information Key and the
ESC-Quit key.





13





F1-Disk Pressing F1 clears the screen and shows the technical
Technical information for the disk in question. The upper-left side
Info of the screen shows Disk Characteristics, including the
amount of drive space, amount of free space, and the amount
of space occupied by bad clusters. The upper-right side of
the screen shows the File Characteristics. This includes
the amount of space occupied by files, the number of files
and the number of directories appearing on the disk.


Beneath these appears the Disk Physical Characteristics.
This includes the number of sides of the disk, the number
of tracks per side, and the number of sectors per track.
It also shows the number of bytes per sector, the minimum
amount of space allocated per file, the number of clusters
appearing on the disk, and the number of directory entries
the root directory could hold. Most of this information is
of little use to a normal PC user, but it is interesting
bits of information for the curious.


ESC-Quit Pressing any key will return control from the Disk Technical
Screen to the Disk Map screen. The ESC key exits the Disk
Map and returns control to DOS.




































14





ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ DO - The Disk Optimizer Command ³
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Overview The Disk Optimizer command rearranges file data clusters to
be contiguous. When a disk, especially a fixed disk is used
over an extended period of time, the normal process of
growing, changing, deleting, and creating causes file data
to be scattered over a wider area of the disk, which
eventually slows disk access time. A disk optimizer
rebuilds the disk, making all files contiguous.


Use of The DOS CHKDSK program must appear somewhere along the
CHKDSK accessible path, preferably in the current directory with
the DO command. This program is used to check the disk for
any cross-sectored files or other problems with the disk.
Any cross-sectored files reported must be fixed before
running the disk optimizer. Use the CHKDSK /F option to
resolve cross-sectored files. We recommend but do not
require that you run our DT disk test program to repair bad
sectors. Be sure to delete the resulting '.CHK' files and
restore the files affected by the cross-sectoring from your
backups.


Warning As with any command that directly interacts with the disk,
PLEASE BACK UP ALL IMPORTANT DATA BEFORE RUNNING THIS
PROGRAM. If a power surge or outage occurs during the
optimization process, the disk may be adversely affected.


Once a disk has been optimized, any previously deleted files
will no longer exist on the disk and the data will no longer
be recoverable through the use of the UnDelete command.


DO NOT RUN THIS COMMAND WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAM IN MEMORY!
Normally there will be no conflicts, but strange things can
happen. The most important thing we can advise is not to
attempt to "pop back" or transfer between any other program
and DO while DO is optimizing the disk. Do not run
background tasks in memory while this program is executing.


All copy-protected software must be uninstalled before
running the DO and then reinstalled after the optimization
process is complete. Many copy-protection schemes require
the program to appear in a particular location, or create a
false bad or distorted sector on the disk where the program
can hide protection information. Some protection schemes
will not be affected at all, but it is difficult to predict
which programs will be affected, so it is better to be safe
than sorry later.





15





Command The command line parameters are:
Line DO [drive:] [/EMS] [/DCHK] [/BW] [/HELP]


/EMS The /EMS parameter notifies the DO command that you have
extended memory that the program can use for a swap area.
Do not specify the /EMS parameter if you are using an EMS
emulation procedure using a disk for a swap area. If EMS
memory is available, this can greatly speed up the
optimization process.


/DCHK The /DCHK parameter automatically deletes the files created
by the CHKDSK program using the /F option. These files are
not useful, and deleting them before the optimization
process ensures that the disk will not immediately become
fragmented after the procedure when you go back and delete
them.


/BW The /BW parameter changes from color screen output to black
and white text. This is only necessary if the screen is
illegible when run without this option.


/HELP The /HELP option is available from the help line when you
forget what parameters are available and/or what those
parameters mean. This information is similar to that given
for the command in the Disk Commando Integrator DO
description screen.


Example DO /DCHK

The above command invokes the Disk Optimizer. Since no disk
was specified, you will first be asked to enter the disk to
be optimized. After the drive is entered, you will be asked
if all copy-protected software has been uninstalled on the
disk to be optimized. Answering N for no will exit the DO
command, answering Y for yes will continue. The DOS CHKDSK
command is then executed with the /F option. This
immediately checks the disk for cross-sectored files. Using
the /DCHK option will automatically delete any resulting
'.CHK' files created by the CHKDSK command.


Once CHKDSK has examined the disk, the screen will clear
and will display the Optimization Menu. The top half of
the screen will show the drive selected for optimization,
the number of files on the disk, the number of occupied
clusters, the number of non-contiguous clusters, and the
percent fragmentation suffered by the disk.








16





Disk Order Below this disk information will appear 5 different
Options alignment methods. These options are as follows:

1. Sequential Method (FIFO)
2. Read Only, Directories, Dir Entries
3. Read Only, Directories, FIFO Files
4. Read Only, Directories, File Size
5. Read Only, Dir, Exe/Com Files, FIFO

You can either move the selection arrow down to the option
that you wish to use using the cursor keys, or press the
number corresponding to that option. The first time that
you optimize your disk, you should select between options 2,
3, 4, or 5. For most persons, option 5 is the best for
initial optimization, since most people do not change the
size or number of executable programs on their disk often.
Later optimizations should use option 1, which is the
fastest of the options.


Once an option has been selected, press ENTER. The screen
will then clear and display the disk map showing the
physical layout of the used disk space. You will be asked:

Do you wish to optimize this disk (Y/N)? _

Answering N for no will exit the DO command without altering
the disk, answering Y for yes will start the optimization
process.


The Disk The Map shown on the screen resembles the map shown by the
Map DM command. A diamond character represents used disk space,
the scattered-dot box represents unused disk space. The
happy face character shows the portion of the disk already
optimized, the blinking B character shows bad space, and the
D character shows the data currently being moved by the
optimizer. The map will be updated as the optimizer
finishes with each file or group of files. Each character
block represents a defined number of clusters on the disk.
At the bottom of the disk will appear a status line,
informing you about which file is being moved and what
percentage of the disk is being optimized at the current
time.


ESCAPE can be pressed to exit the optimizer. When ESCAPE is
pressed, DO will complete its current changes and return
control to DOS. If you wish to exit the optimizer, do not
press CNTL-ALT-DEL or other such key combination.


Once the optimizer is finished, you will be returned to the
DOS prompt.






17





ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ DS - The Directory Sort Command ³
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Overview The Directory Sort command arranges the directory's
contents into the order that you wish it to appear during a
DIR command. The directory can be sorted by file name,
extension, size, date, time, attribute, in ascending or
descending order. The sort procedure can be automatic, when
the sort keys are specified from the command line, or can
be controlled interactively via use of the full-screen
option. During the full-screen mode, selected files can be
moved to appear anywhere in the directory listing. This
full-screen sort is invoked when no sort keys are specified
on the command line.


Command The command line parameters are:
Line DS [drive:path] [/keys] [/ALL] [/BW] [/HELP]


[d:path] The [drive:path] specifies the disk and the directory name
that you wish to sort.


/keys The /keys parameter is the parameter where the major sort
keys are specified. Sort keys specified here on the command
line automatically sort the directory(s) requested and exit
to DOS. The files can be sorted by:

file name N
size S
date D
time T
descending order -

For example, to sort by size, date, then name, the
sort key parameter would have to look like /SDN. Do not
use the word 'keys' in the parameter. If you wish any of
the keys to be sorted in descending order, enter the '-'
sign before the key parameter.


/ALL The /ALL parameter sorts all directories and files appearing
subordinate to the path specified. That is, if two
subdirectories appear in the directory given for sorting,
their files will be sorted by the same keys as the files in
the directory itself. This option is useful mainly coupled
with the comand line sort keys, although it will function
with the full-screen sort. During the full-screen sort
process, however, the files contained in directories
subordinate to the current directory will not appear on the
screen during the sort procedure.


/BW The /BW option changes from color screen output to black and
white text. This is only necessary if the screen is
illegible when run without this option.

18





/HELP The /HELP option is available from the help line when you
forget what parameters are available and/or what those
parameters mean. This information is similar to that given
for the command in the Disk Commando Integrator DS
description screen.


Example 1: DS B:\ /DTS /ALL

The above disk sort command will sort the entire contents of
disk in drive B, including all sub-directories and files.
The disk is sorted first by date, then by time and file
size. All three sort keys are in ascending order. Once the
files are sorted, they are written to disk and control is
returned to DOS.


Example 2: DS B:

The screen will clear and display the contents of the
disk (drive 'B') and directory in question (in this case,
the root) exactly as it appears on the disk. From here, you
can set the sort keys, re-sort the directory, tag specific
directory entries, and move those entries to whatever
position in the file that you wish to see them. You can
now write the results out to disk, if you do not wish to
make any more changes, or you can continue to rearrange the
contents to the disk by specifying other sort keys, moving
files, et cetera.


To move the highlighted selection bar up or down the file
display or the sort key column, use the up and/or the down
cursor keys.


The screen that appears during the full-screen sort shows
the files in the current directory on the left side of the
screen, and the current sort keys set on the right. The
commands available at this point are the Space Bar, M-Move,
Q-Quit, R-Re-Sort, S-Select Sort keys, and the W-Write Dir
to disk commands.


S-Select The S-Select Sort key command lets you set the general sort
Sort Key order of the files appearing in the directory listing.
Pressing S changes the command display on the screen.
Instead of the command keys along the bottom of the screen
being highlighted, the sort keys along the right side of the
screen are highlighted. The highlighted selection bar now
appears under the sort key column, instead of in the file
display. Press the first character of the sort keys that
you wish to use to order the directory listing. Ascending
order is assumed, but can be changed simply by pressing '-'
after entering the sort key. To place a sort key in a
higher priority spot, move the highlighted bar up using the
up cursor key, to move the bar to a lower priority, press
the down cursor key. To start your sort key list over
again, press the C to clear the sort key column.

19





Once you selected the sort keys that you wish to use, press
ESC to return to the original command line mode.


R-Re-Sort To sort the files in the directory listing by the newly
entered sort keys, press R to Re-Sort the file listing.


Tag Files Sometimes, we may wish to put a special file or group of
with files in a particular place in the directory listing. To
Space Bar do this, you must tag the files that you wish to move by
using the up or down cursor key to move the highlighted
selection bar to the desired files and press the SPACE BAR.
When the SPACE BAR is pressed, an asterisk appears to the
left side of the directory entry's name. Tag all of the
files that you wish to move.


M-Move Once you have tagged the files, move the cursor to the
Files position where you would like all of the files to appear.
Now press the M key to move the files. If you wish, you can
move the entire group of files up or down the directory
listing by pressing the up or down cursor keys. At the
bottom of the Directory listing, the new command line reads:

Press ESC to cancel move or F10 to complete move.

Pressing ESC returns the files to their previous locations
in the directory. Else, if you have positioned the files in
the location where you wish for them to appear, press the
F10 key.


W-Write To record the changes made to the directory order to disk,
Changes you must use the W-Write Changes to Disk command. This
command writes the directory file listing out to disk in
the exact order that it appears on the screen.


ESC-Quit To exit the Directory Sort command, use the ESC-Quit
command. If you have made changes to the order of the
directory without saving, you will first be prompted:

Write files to disk (Y/N)? _

If you do not wish to save the changes that you had made
while in the Directory sort, answer N. Otherwise answer Y.
You will then be returned to DOS.












20





ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ DT - The Disk Test Command ³
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Overview The Disk Test command examines all or portions of the disk
for bad sectors and marks any found. An option exists to
repair a file where a bad sector is found. Marking bad
sectors removes those sectors from possible use.


Command The command line parameters are:
Line DT [drive:] [/D] [/F] [/M] [/U] [/HELP]


[d:] The [drive:] parameter specifies the disk to be examined.
If no disk is given, the current disk is assumed.


/D The /D parameter searches the entire disk, both used and
unused data areas for bad sectors.


/F The /F parameter searches only the allocated file space for
occurrences of bad sectors. If one is found, the remainder
of the file can be repaired excluding the data lost in the
area affected by using the /M option. This option does NOT
repair the bad sector or the file, it only notifies you that
a bad sector has been found.


/M The /M parameter must be used along with either the /D or /F
parameter to fix a file containing a bad sector. This
option marks a bad cluster found in the midst of a file
chain and splices the file together, leaving out the portion
with the bad sector. This can be helpful in the event that
the file contains vital data, where most of the information
is recovered except that portion where the bad sector was
found.


/U The /U parameter searches all unused data clusters for bad
sectors. If one is found, it is marked as bad and the
process is continued.


/HELP The /HELP option is available from the help line when you
forget what parameters are available and/or what those
parameters mean. This information is similar to the
information given in the Disk Commando Integrator DT
description screen.









21





Example 1: DT B: /U

When the DT disk test program is invoked with the /U option,
the following message appears on the screen:

Press to abort...Testing clusters: XXX

where XXX is the current cluster being tested on the
specified drive, in this case drive 'B'. You can
abort the process at any time by pressing .


Example 2: DT B: /F /M

When the DT disk test program is invoked with the /F option,
as above, the following prompt appears on the screen:

Reading in files...
Drive has XXX files
Sorting files
Testing 'B:\filename.ext'

Found XX new bad clusters.

This tells you how many files are being tested, the name of
the current file being tested and the final number of new
bad clusters found by the Disk Test program. To map out bad
sectors that occur in the file area, the /M option must also
be present.


When the DT disk test program is invoked with the /D option,
the above processes are performed in the order that they are
shown, first the /U then /F. The /M option must be present
if you wish for any bad sectors existing inside a file chain
to be marked bad and the file rebuilt.
























22





ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ FI - The File Information Command ³
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Overview The File Information command creates and displays a
descriptive comment for specified files.


Command The command line parameters are:
Line FI [drive:path] [/C] [/OC] [/60] [/P] [/U] [/BW] [/HELP]


[d:path] The [drive:path] parameter defines the disk and directory
to be used to be searched.


/C The /C option lets you create, modify and/or delete file
descriptions from the current directory. This command is
full screen and shows the entire file contentsincluding
both commented and uncommented file entries.


/OC The /OC option lists all commented files in the current
directory. The default listing mode shows all file
information and the first 30 characters of the descriptive
comment.


/60 The /60 option switches the display mode from the full file
information mode to that showing only the file name and the
entire 60 character description.


/P The /P option pauses the display of files after each screen
is filled.


/U The /U option updates the current file information file
with new information gathered about the directory. This
includes new directory entries, discarded entries, and
entries whose file information had changed since the last
time the directory information had been read in.


/HELP The /HELP option is available from the help line when you
forget what parameters are available and/or what those
parameters mean. This information is similar to the
information given in the Disk Commando Integrator FI
description screen.


/BW The /BW option changes from color screen output to black and
white text. This is only necessary if the screen is
illegible when run without this option.





23





Example 1: FI

The above command shows the contents of the current drive
and directory, including any previously commented
files. If no files have been commented, the directory
shown will appear much like a normal directory listing
except that to the right of the file name will appear
single quotes enclosing only space. Executing the command
in this manner gives the same information as the DOS DIR
command along with the comments assigned.


Example 2: FI B: /C /U

Use of The above example enters the full screen comment editing
the /C mode. First, the directory will be read in and compared to
Comment the contents of the file information file. If new files
Editor have been added, existing files have been modified, or
obsolete files have been discarded, this will update the
file. The screen will then clear and display the files
located in the current directory. If any comments have
been previously assigned to any of the files, they will be
shown to the right of the file information on each line.


The Four function keys are shown at the bottom of the screen.
Function These include F1-Help, F2-Edit Comments, F9-Toggle Display,
Keys and F10-Save & Exit.


F2-Edit The F2-Edit Comments key lets you move around the screen,
Comments entering 60 character descriptions on any file line. These
comments are meant as a gentle reminder about what that
particular file does, is, or needs. When pressed, the
screen shows the file listing in the file only mode,
showing the entire 60 characters of the comment. Use the
up or down cursor keys to move to the commands that you
wish to describe, then enter the description. Make certain
that you press after you have finished editing the
comment. When you have finished modifying the entries,
press F10 to save the changes made to the temporary buffer
and to return to the main screen.


F9-Toggle The F9-Toggle Display key switches between the full file
Display information screen showing only the first 30 characters of
the comment and the file only screen, showing all 60
characters of the comment.


F10-Save The F10-Save and Exit key saves the changes made to the
and Exit current directory listing to the file information file in
the directory, then exits to DOS.







24





ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ FL - The File Locator Command ³
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Overview The File Locator command searches the disk for a file or
files matching the given wildcard pattern. It then displays
a list of files matching the wildcard defined.


Command The command line parameters are:
Line FL [drive:] [wildcard] [/ALL] [/4] [/HELP]


[d:] The [drive:] parameter defines the disk to be searched.


[wildcard] The [wildcard] parameter defines the file pattern that is to
be searched for. The '*' means any character or characters
can fill the current or subsequent position in the file name
and still match the file search pattern. For example,
'*.BAT' searches the disk for any file ending with the three
letters 'BAT'. Likewise, 'F*.*' searches the disk for any
file beginning with the letter 'F'.


/ALL The /ALL parameter will search all drives for a match to the
wildcard pattern. The directory and disk drive where each
file is found will appear above the discovered files.


/4 The /4 parameter lists the files found, four per line. This
option is only useful for searches involving file searches
based on a general wildcard pattern (like the two examples
cited above).


/HELP The /HELP option is available from the help line when you
forget what parameters are available and/or what those
parameters mean. This information is similar to the
information given in the Disk Commando Integrator FL
description screen.


Example: FL B: FL*.* /ALL

The above command will search drive 'B'and all subsequent
drives on the system for all occurences of a file beginning
with the letters 'FL'. Any matches found will be listed to
the screen, with the directory name appearing on the first
line, and any matching files below it. If more matching
files exist than can be shown on one screen, a message will
be shown on the bottom line of the screen. Pressing ESCAPE
will quit displaying matching files and will return control
to the DOS prompt. Pressing any other key will continue the
scrolling display of matching files.




25





ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ FR - The Format Recovery Command ³
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Overview The Format Recovery command attempts to recover a hard
disk from an accidental format. This command only works
on hard disk drives and requires the creation of a disk
recovery data file on a floppy disk in drive 'A'.


Command The command line parameters are:
Line FR [drive:] [/A] [/R] [/S] [/HELP]


[d:] Drive that either the recovery file is being created for or
the drive to be recovered. This drive must be a hard
disk. If no drive is given, drive 'C' will be used. The
unformat file is always created on drive 'A' and must be
created before a recovery attempt can be made.

/A Automatically creates the 'UNFORMAT.DAT' file for specified drive.
Normally, FR prompts to make sure the proper diskette is
in drive 'A'; this option bypasses the prompt.

/R Recovers [d:] with the UNFORMAT.DAT file in drive 'A'.

/S Saves information about drive [d:] for format recovery on
drive 'A'. Not needed if '/A' option specified.

/HELP The /HELP option is available from the help line when you
forget what parameters are available and/or what those
parameters mean. This information is similar to the
information given in the Disk Commando Integrator FR
description screen.


Operation Format recovery copies the current contents of a hard
disk's boot record, fat tables, and root directory to a
data file on drive A.

If a user accidently formats a hard disk, FR can be run to
restore the state of the disk as of the last time FR was
run to save the disk state. All files that have been
changed or deleted since this time may not be completely
intact.

The use of FR should not be substituted for regular disk
backup.











26





ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ HE - The Hex Editor Command ³
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Overview The Hex Edit command displays the indicated file or disk
sectors in a hexadecimal/ASCII format. This allows you to
modify any byte of a file or general disk sector. The disk
version of the hex (or Patch) editor lets you edit any disk
sectors, the file hex editor only allows changes to be made
to the file selected.


Command The command line parameters are:
line HE [drive:path] [/BW] [/HELP]


[d:path] The [drive:path] specifies the either the disk to be
edited, or the full path name of the file to be modified.
If only the drive character with the colon is entered, the
hex editor will show the first sector on the disk, in disk
hex edit mode. If a file name with full path is specified,
the first sector of the file will appear in file hex edit
mode. The commands between the disk and file hex editor are
not the same.


/BW The /BW option changes from color screen output to black and
white text. This is only necessary if the screen is
illegible when run without this option.


/HELP The /HELP option is available from the help line when you
forget what parameters are available and/or what those
parameters mean. This information is similar to the
information given in the Disk Commando Integrator HE
description screen.


Operation To edit general disk sectors, specify only the drive name
that you wish to edit. To hex edit a file, specify the full
path and file name. One warning, if you do not know what
you are doing, make sure to back up whatever diskette or
file that you select to hex edit, in case you mistakenly
mess it up. Do not hex edit your hard disk drive unless
you know what you are doing.


The only difference between the disk and file version of
the hex editor is that under the file editor, the COPY and
DIFFERENTIATE commands are not available.


The screen is divided into two data sections, the
hexadecimal and the ASCII representations of the file or
disk sector. Modifications can be made by ether altering
the ASCII character, or by pressing the F9 HEX toggle to
allow modification of the hexadecimal values.


27





The line located underneath the title line identifies the
file or disk selected by you to be modified under the HE
command. The Relative Sector entry tells where you are
located in the file or on the disk. A sector is made up of
512 bytes. Only 256 bytes are shown on the screen at a
time. The Byte entry tells where you are in the 256 byte
block on the screen. Each of these entries have one number
followed by another number in parentheses. The first
number is the hexadecimal notation, the second is its
decimal equivalent (HEX(DEC)). The Page entry tells
whether you are in the first or second half of the sector.
Page will vary only from 1 to 2. The following are the
page byte value ranges for each screen:

Page 0 --- Bytes 000(000) - 0FF(255)
Page 1 --- Bytes 100(256) - 1FF(511)


The bottom line of the screen shows the commands available
for use when using the hex editor.

F9-HEX F10-Command line ESC-Exit

The F9-Hex/Text toggle lets you select how you want to make
modifications to the screen contents. The F10-Command line
key displays the commands available under the hex editor.
ESCAPE exits the hex editor.


Cursor The arrow keys are used to move the cursor to desired
Key Use location for editing. They will not advance the page.


The PgUp key will display the preceding page. HE
displays the file one half of a sector at a time, so if
Page currently equals 2, pressing PgUp will display page
one. If Page equals 1, pressing PgUp will display page
two of the preceding sector. Once PgUp is pressed, the
edits are saved only to the current file buffer. These
edits are NOT saved to disk unless F3-SAVE is pressed
while that sector is displayed. The PgDn key acts like
the PgUp key, in reverse. When pressed, the next screen
is displayed, either page two of the current sector or page
one of the next sector.


The Home key displays the first page of the first sector
of the file or the first disk sector. The End key
displays the last page of the file or the last disk sector.


F9-HEX This toggle switches the edit option between the ASCII and
the hexadecimal display of the file. Pressing F9 once
will switch the displayed prompt to F9-TEXT. When the
label TEXT is displayed, the editor is in hexadecimal edit
mode, meaning that the only characters that can be entered
are the numbers 0 - 9, A - F. These characters will appear
on the left side of the screen in the hexadecimal portion of


28





file display at the cursor. When the label HEX is
displayed, the editor is in text edit mode, meaning that
almost any characters can be entered. These characters
will appear in the ASCII character portion of the file
display at the cursor. Each character is two hexadecimal
characters long. The character or number entered on the
activated side of the display will correspondingly alter
the other side of the display.


F10- When the F10-Command line option is pressed while in the Disk
Command Hex Editor, the following command line will appear, with a
Line description of the highlighted command on the following line.

Copy Differentiate Goto Next Quit Search Write Undo

The command line displayed under the file hex editor is
similar to the one shown above, except that the Copy and
Differentiate commands are not shown.


There are two ways to invoke a command from the F10-Command
line. You can move the highlighted command bar across by
using the left and right cursor keys until the desired
command is highlighted. Or, you can press the first letter of
the command in question. Notice that when the cursor key
method is used, the line below the command line shows a one
line description of the highlighted command.


ESC-Exit Pressing the ESCAPE key exits the Hex editor. If a change
has been made to the current sector, you will first be
prompted:

Sector has been changed. Save (Y/N/ESC to abort command? _

Answering Y for yes will save any changes made to the current
sector, answering N for no will exit the hex editor without
saving any of the changes made. Answering ESC will return to
the hex editor, disregarding the exit command.


Disk Info Most of the commands in the Disk Hex editor display the disk
Screen map and information when the Copy, Differentiate, Goto, or
Search commands are activated. The Disk Map is shown at the
top of the screen, showing relative positions of various
important parts of the disk. Below this is the actual sector
numbers where each disk division occurs. At the bottom of
the screen is the prompt for the command.











29





In the middle of the screen is a breakdown of the physical
locations of various important components of the disk in
question. It appears as follows:

Area Name Sector Range Description of Area
Boot Area x - x Information about the disk for DOS
FAT Table #1 xx - xx File chain links (File Allocation Table)
FAT Table #2 xx - xx Backup of FAT Table 1
Root Directory xx - xx Primary Directory
Data Area xxx - xxx Where files are actually stored.

The 'xx' represent actual disk sectors. If you are using
the disk hex editor on a floppy disk, the second FAT Table
will not appear.


C - Copy The Copy sectors command copies a specified number of
sectors to another location. This command is accessible
only under the HE disk option.


The format of this command is similar to that of the
Differentiate command. When first invoked, a display of the
disk structure is displayed, along with the first prompt:

COPY source start sector (0-xxx): _

At this point, enter the first sector to be included in the
block of sectors to be copied. Next, enter the last sector
in the group to be copied at this following prompt:

COPY source end sector (0-xxx): _

You will now be asked to enter the location where you wish
to copy the disk sectors. Any sectors selected will be
completely wiped out, so be careful that no remnants of
needed files exist in the affected area before copying.
The following prompt will appear:

COPY destination start block (0-xxx): _

This will make a duplicate of the specified sectors in
the new location. This feature can really come in handy if
an accident leaves one of your file allocations tables (FAT)
on your hard disk corrupted. In this case, copy the entire
backup FAT table from FAT #2 to FAT #1.














30





D - Differentiate This command compares two given sectors of the disk
and is only accessible under the HE disk option. When
pressed, the map of the sector layout appears on the screen,
with the following prompt appearing on bottom line:

COMPARE block 1 start sector (0-xxx): _

Enter the starting point of the compare object. The
following prompt will then appear:

block 1 end sector (0-xxx): _

Here enter the last sector of the object to be compared.
Then this following prompt will appear:

block 2 start sector (0-xxx): _

At this point, enter the starting location of the block of
sectors that you wish to compare the source object to.


Once a value is entered, you will see one of two messages.
If the two groups of sectors are identical, the following
message is displayed:

Sector groups compare.

Else, if a difference is found, the following message will
appear:

Sector xx does not compare.

with xx representing the first sector that does not match
the object sector.


G - Goto The Goto command goes directly to a specified sector of the
file. When this command is invoked, the following prompt
appears:

GOTO sector (0-xx): 0

The range of sector values appearing in the parentheses is
the range allowed. If you are currently in disk mode, this
range will encompass the entire disk. If, instead, you are
currently in File mode, this range will be the number of disk
sectors used by the file.


N - Next The Again command executes the last search command, using the
last defined text string. If no text string has been
defined, it will use ' '.


Q - Quit The Quit command exits the HE command, saves the DOS
buffer if so indicated, closes the file, and returns to
the DOS prompt.



31





S - Search The Search command will search the file for a specified
string provided by the user. When this command is invoked,
the following prompt appears:

Enter string to find: _

At this point, enter the string that you wish to search for
in the file. The following prompt is then displayed:

Start search at sector (0-xxxx): _

The default value for starting search sector is the sector
currently on the screen. Once a sector value is entered,
HE will commence searching from the current position onward
for an occurrenc of the string. If the search object
string is discovered, the cursor is placed at the location
of the found string.


If you want to search for a ASCII character, other than
those readily typeable, simply press ALT and the decimal
representation of the character. This is helpful when
searching for a distinguishable characters appearing in a
file.


U - Undo The UNDO command resets the current page to its former
state. This is useful when you have changed a section of
the file by mistake. Once you move beyond a page, the
changes are recorded in the current file buffer. No
changes are saved to disk unless each changed sector is
specifically saved using the Write command. The way to keep
these changes from being written to the disk file is to not
save them.


W - Write The Write command saves only the current edited sector of
the file to the DOS buffer. When the DOS buffer is filled,
the saved sectors are written to disk. If the DOS buffer
is not filled before exiting HE, the buffer is saved before
exiting.



















32





ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ TD - The Tree Directory Command ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ


Overview The tree directory command displays a tree representation
of a disk. Using the cursor keys, you can move to any
position in the directory hierarchy and change to that
directory, make a new sub-directory subordinate to the
current one, or remove the current directory. If a
subdirectory name is specified, TD will not display the
tree directory and will instead search the disk and/or
directory for a subdirectory by that name. This is helpful
when you have five levels of directories and you wish to go
directly to uniquely named subdirectory buried somewhere on
your disk. Executing this command creates a disk information
file called TREEINFO.TD in the root directory of the disk.


Command The command line parameters are:
line TD [drive:path] [/BW] [/R] [/HELP]


[d:path] The [drive:path] specifies the disk to be displayed and the
directory name where you wish to log to. If only the disk
drive character with the colon is entered, the directory
tree is displayed showing the drive specified. If a
directory name is also specified, the TD command bypasses
the directory tree display and searches for the first found
occurence of the directory name specified in the path. Do
not use a \ character. Once a directory is found matching
the name entered, you are automatically logged to that
directory. Otherwise, control remains in the current
directory.


/R The /R option rereads the disk when changes have been made
to the directory tree structure of the disk outside the TD
program. When TD is executed, it creates a tree directory
file to store the directory tree structure of the disk for
subsequent use. This file will be located in the root
directory of the disk. Any time TD is run afterwards, disk
access is greatly speeded up, since the utility is not
forced to search your entire disk for any subdirectories.


/BW The /BW option changes from color screen output to black and
white text. This is only necessary if the screen is
illegible when run without this option.


/HELP The /HELP option is available from the help line when you
forget what parameters are available and/or what those
parameters mean. This information is similar to the
information given in the Disk Commando Integrator TD
description screen.




33





Example 1: TD B:TRASHCAN

The above command will search the entire directory tree
structure for a sub-directory matching the name 'TRASHCAN'.
If a match is found, control will automatically be logged to
that directory. Otherwise, control remains in the current
directory and the full directory tree is displayed onto the
screen.


Example 2: TD B:

When the TD command is executed as above, the screen clears
and displays the directory tree of the drive specified (in
this case drive 'B'). The cursor keys (Home, End, PgUp,
PgDn, Up Down, Left, & Right) can be used to traverse the
tree to position the highlighted bar on the desired
directory. This command can be used to change to a new
directory on the disk, make a new directory, or remove a
useless directory.


If changes had been made to the directory tree structure
outside the TD command, the directory tree would have to be
re-read so that the current information could be placed into
the tree file. The tree file is created to speed up disk
access time for larger disk systems.

































34





ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ TT - The Time Tamer Command ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ


Overview The Time Tamer command sets a stopwatch counter useful for
determining the speed of particular programs, computer
access times, et cetera. Up to 10 separate counters can be
set. Specifying no stopwatch parameters simply displays
the current system time and date with an optional comment.


Command The command line parameters are:
Line TT [comment] [/Cn] [/NT] [/START] [/STOP] [/R] [/HELP]


[comment] The [comment] is simply a message that is displayed either
when the current date and time is shown or when the counter
is started or stopped. This is especially useful when this
command is used in a batch file, keeping the user apprised
of the current status of the process.


/Cn The /Cn parameter specifies the counter to be acted upon. Up
to nine counters can be set at one time. Each counter can
be started and stopped separately. If no counter is
specified, counter 0 is used by default.


/NT The /NT parameter deactivates the time and date display, so
that any timing done does not include the time needed to
display this information. This option is mostly used
inside batch files.


/START The /START parameter starts the stopwatch counter of the
current counter (defined by the /Cn parameter). If no
counter is specified, it is assumed to be 0.


/STOP The /STOP parameter stops the counter and displays the
elapsed time found in the current counter (defined by the
/Cn). The /START parameter must be executed in a separate
operation before the /STOP is used.


/HELP The /HELP option is available from the help line when you
forget what parameters are available and/or what those
parameters mean. This information is similar to the
information given in the Disk Commando Integrator TT
description screen.


Example 1: TT 'Today's date and time is' /R

The above will display the comment given and the current
date and time right justified on the current line of the
screen.


35





Example 2: To set up a timer to find out how fast a program runs or how
long it takes to do some task on the computer, enter the
command below:

TT /C1 /NT /START

This will not display the current system date and time, so
that the time it took to show that information doesn't skew
your timing. To stop the stopwatch and find out how much
time had passed, enter the following command:

TT /C1 /NT /STOP

This will displayed the elapsed time measured by counter 1.
This combination of commands are especially useful when used
in conjunction with batch files, so that the variable speed
of your typing in the command doesn't affect the timing.











































36





ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ UD - The UnDelete File Command ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ


Overview The UnDelete File command recovers and rebuilds a recently
deleted file, if possible. This procedure cannot be
guaranteed to always correctly or completely reconstruct a
file.


Warning If the file to be recovered is located on a floppy
diskette, first make a backup copy of the disk using DOS'
DISKCOPY command. This will ensure that you have another
chance to recover the file if you cannot piece it together
correctly the first time.


If the disk has been written to since the deletion occurred
or if multiple files had been deleted, your chances of
recovering that file is greatly diminished. If the disk
optimizer has been run on the disk since the file has been
deleted, you will not be able to recover the file.


Command The command line parameters are:
Line UD [drive:path] [/BW] [/HELP]


[d:path] The [drive:path] parameter accepts the drive and directory
path where the file or files are located that you wish to
recover. All deleted files in this directory will be
displayed on the file selection screen.


/BW The /BW option changes from color screen output to black and
white text. This is only necessary if the screen is
illegible when run without this option.


/HELP The /HELP option is available from the help line when you
forget what parameters are available and/or what those
parameters mean. This information is similar to the
information given in the Disk Commando Integrator UD
description screen.


Operation Once the drive and directory have been selected, the
directory is searched for any deleted files that are
recorded in the directory. All deleted files found are
then displayed.


At the far right appears a column telling you how many
deleted files exist in the directory and how many others
exist that cannot be recovered.




37





Tag File To select a displayed file for recovery, you must first tag
with it using the SPACE BAR. Once the file is tagged, an
Space Bar asterisk appears to the left of the name on the screen.
Use the up or down cursor keys to move the highlighted
selection bar to the desired file and press the SPACE BAR.


Automatic If you select to recover the tagged file(s) using the
Mode Automatic Undelete Mode, UD will attempt to recover the
file(s) without your intervention. You will not be asked
to enter the first character of the filename(s) involved.
Instead, the program will alphabetically select a character
that creates a unique file name.


Recover If you select to recover the tagged file(s) using the
Without Recover Mode, UD will attempt to undelete the file(s)
Help Mode without your help after you enter the first character of the
file name.

Enter first letter of filename: _xxxxxxx.xxx

The file shown should be one of the tagged files, enter the
character that you wish to appear as its first character.


Once the file name has been recreated, UD will attempt to
rebuild and recover the tagged files. Once it has completed
the process, you will be returned to the DOS prompt with a
message:

XXX files recovered.

Interactive
Mode The Interactive mode lets you select the sectors that belong
to the file(s) that you are trying to undelete. This mode
will probably not be useful in recovering an EXE or COM file.


You may need to use this mode if a previous attempt at
recovering a file goes awry. When a file had been
fragmented, or when multiple files have been deleted from
the disk, automatic recovery may not be possible. In this
case, just delete the files that were created during the
Automatic file recovery procedure and use UD in interactive
mode.


The Screen The undelete screen is initially displayed in the HEX/ASCII
format where the ASCII text appears on the right hand side
of the screen and the hexadecimal representation of the
same sectors appear on the left hand side of the screen.
This shows the cluster information sector by sector on the
disk. When it initially appears, this screen shows the
first cluster allocated to the file. If this cluster has
been written over and allocated to another file, there is
no hope of saving your file.



38





The top line of the screen shows the path and file name of
the file being rescued. Below this line appears the line:

CLUSTERS NEEDED: 3 ADDED: 3 % SAVED: 100%

This line shows the number of clusters the directory table
shows that were previously allocated to the file in
question. This number is only a guideline. The ADDED
entry shows the number of clusters currently allocated to
the file. The % SAVED entry shows what percentage of the
file has been recovered based on the previous two numbers.
It is possible to recover and append to your file more
clusters than were known to be allocated for it. This can
occur when, for example, you attempt to recover a file
created by WORDSTAR. The disk will contain the file
itself, the BAKup copy and temporary work files created by
Wordstar. To be safe, you may want to recover most or all
of these clusters to be sure you get as much of your file
back as possible.


Below this line appears the line:

Relative Sector 34E7 (13543) Byte 0000 ( 0) Page 0

This line contains information about the sector you are
currently in.


Below these lines appear the hexadecimal and ASCII
representation of the sector shown. To display the rest of
the sectors in the cluster, use the PgUp, PgDn, Home, and
End keys to move one half sector up, one half sector down,
the top of the cluster, and the last sector of the cluster.


Undelete After selecting this mode by pressing I, the first sector of
Commands the screen is displayed is a format similar to the screen
used by the hex editor. At the bottom, the following
commands appear:

Add Forward Goto Next Previous Quit Review Search Write

The Add command concatenates the currently displayed cluster
to the file being rebuilt. Forward shows the next available
unallocated cluster. Goto moves to a particular cluster on
the disk, or to the next available cluster following the
value entered. Next uses the currently defined search
string to search from the current position on the disk.
Previous shows the last available cluster before the one
shown. Quit exits the undelete command and returns to DOS,
without saving the changes made. Review displays what has
been recovered so far. Search lets you define a defined
search string and then looks for the first occurence of the
string in the available unoccupied clusters on the disk.
Write saves the contents of the file that has been
recovered.



39





A-Add The Add command appends the current cluster to the
file being recovered. After this command is invoked, the
current cluster will appear when you choose to Review the
file. You are not limited to only appending the exact
number of clusters specified by the directory as being part
of the file. You can append as many or as few as you wish,
depending on the circumstances. After Add appends the
cluster, it automatically advances to the next unallocated
cluster on the disk.


F-Forward The Forward command displays the next unallocated cluster
appearing on the disk. Most of the time, unless there are
numerous deleted files, this will be part of the file that
you are attempting to recover. If this cluster is a part of
your file and you would like to append to it, use the Add
command, else keep searching.


G-Goto The Goto command displays the designated sector onto
the screen. When selected, the following message is shown:

GOTO sector (xx-xxxx): _

The range is that of the data section of the disk.


N-Next The Next command executes the last find operation from the
current sector location using the same search object.


P-Previous The Previous command displays the last unallocated cluster
appearing on the disk before the current one. This is
useful in backtracking through the unallocated disk
clusters.


Q-Quit The Quit command exits the undelete procedure without saving
and altering the current structure of the disk. No file
will be recovered if this is pressed.


R - Review The Review command allows you to view the data clusters
that have already been allocated to the file. This is
displayed in a full screen ASCII text format. At the bottom
of the screen appears the following line:

Home-start review over PgDn-next screen ESC-resume recovery


To move through this display, use either the Home key, the
PgDn key, or the ESC-Abort key. Press the Home key to move
to the top of file. The PgDn key allows you to page down
through the file. The ESC-Abort keys allow you to exit this
function and return you to the Undelete Hex screen.






40





S-Search The Search command accepts an object string and searches
the disk for its match. When selected, the following
prompt is displayed:

Enter string to find: _

This search object string can be up to 30 characters in
length. After entering the desired string, the next prompt
then appears on the screen:

Start search at sector (xx-xxxx): _

At this prompt, enter the starting point for the search. The
sector range shown is the first and last unallocated clusters
appearing on the disk. If the text string is not found, the
message:

Text not found

will appear on the screen, otherwise the screen will
display the sector where the first occurrence is found. If
you wish to continue the search, use the Next command. You
can abort this command at any time by pressing the ESCape
key.


W-Write The Write command places the retrieved clusters into the
undeleted file. It then exits to DOS. If the number of
clusters found does not equal the number of clusters
specified by the directory table, the following prompt will
appear:

Allotted space is (LESS/GREATER) than original filesize. Adjust filesize (Y/N)? _

Answering Y for yes will continue with the save procedure,
changing the length of the file to match its new length.
Answering N for no will cause the following message to be
displayed onto the screen:

UNADJUSTED FILESIZE WILL CAUSE CHKDSK TO REPORT AN ERROR. CONTINUE (Y/N)? _

Answering N for no will return control to the undelete
screen so that the search for clusters to complete the file
can be found or the currently recovered sectors can be
reviewed. Answering Y for yes will save the file as is,
exit the Undelete operation and return control to the DOS
prompt.













41





ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ VF - The View File Command ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ


Overview The View File command displays a file and allows scrolling
to the left, right, up, down. A continual scroll speed can
be set to quickly scan the file, and a particular text
string can be sought out and located in the file.


Command The command line parameters are:
Line VF [drive:path] [/BW] [/HELP]


[d:path] The [drive:path] parameter accepts the full path and file
name of the file that is to be displayed by the VF command.


/BW The /BW option changes from color screen output to black and
white text. This is only necessary if the screen is
illegible when run without this option.


/HELP The /HELP option is available from the help line when you
forget what parameters are available and/or what those
parameters mean. This information is similar to the
information given in the Disk Commando Integrator VF
description screen.


Example: VF B:README.NOW

When this command is executed, if the Disk Commando
'README.NOW' file is found on drive 'B', the screen will
clear and display the first page of text from the file.


Operation If no file was entered from the command line, the following
query will appear:

Enter filename:

Enter the complete filename, including path, that you wish
to display on the screen.


Cursor The cursor keys can be used to move around in this file,
Movement including the Home, End, PgUp, PgDn, Up, Down, Left and
Right arrow keys. Home will move to the beginning of the
file, End will move to the last page of the file. PgUp
moves up one screen page of text, PgDn moves down one
screen page. The Up arrow will move the cursor up one line
of text on the screen, scrolling the screen if necessary.
The Down arrow will move the cursor down one line of text,
scrolling the screen if necessary. The Left arrow moves 8
column positions to the left, if possible, the Right arrow
moves the cursor to the right eight columns. If the text


42





extends to the right past the 80th column, this will allow
you to examine these columns. The Wordstar cursor movement
keys will also work in a similar manner.


Scroll The commands that are available for use are shown at the
Speed bottom of the screen. Pressing a number between 1 and 9
will begin scrolling the screen that number of lines a
second. This is a convenient way to scan the contents of a
file without having to continually press keys. Pressing
any key other than a numeric one will stop the scroll
process. Pressing Home during a continuous scroll (1-9)
will move to the top of the file and continue scrolling at
the same speed as before.


F2-Search The F2-Search command will let you specify a text string to
search for in the file. When the F2 is pressed, you will be
asked to enter the text string that you wish to search for
at the following prompt:

Search for What? _

A text string is sequence of characters forming a word or
group of words that should appear exactly as entered. Once a
text string is entered, press ENTER to begin the search.
The search will start from the beginning of the file and
look for the first occurrence of the text string. When one
is found, the screen will clear and display the page where
the text is located.


F9-Next The F9-Next command continues the search for the next
occurrence of the text found by a previous Search or Next
command.


ESC-Quit Pressing either the ESCAPE or F10 key exits the view file
command.





















43





ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ VL - The Volume Label Command ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ


Overview The Volume Label command adds, modifies, or removes the
current volume label with one that you provide. If no
volume label is specified, you will be shown the current
volume label and will then be prompted for its replacement.


Command The command line parameters are:
Line VL [drive:] [label] [/HELP]


[d:] The [drive:] parameter specifies the disk volume whose label
you wish to change. If no drive label is given, the current
drive is assumed. The drive label must be followed by a
colon.


[label] The [label] parameter is the volume label that you wish to
replace the current one with. If none is specified, you
will be prompted for one.


/HELP The /HELP option is available from the help line when you
forget what parameters are available and/or what those
parameters mean. This information is similar to the
information given in the Disk Commando Integrator VL
description screen.


Example 1: VL B:

If no label is specified when VL is invoked, the following
prompt is displayed:

Current label on drive 'B' is DC-COMMANDO'
Enter new label, press to keep label, or CNTL-D to delete label.

Enter new label: -----------

If no volume label exists for the drive, the current label
line would be replaced by the following line.

Drive 'B' has no label.

Once a label has been entered, a successful label creation
will result in the following message being printed:

Label created!








44





Example 2: To replace the current volume label on drive 'B' with a new
volume label, enter the following label command:

VL B: VOLUMELABEL

When entering the volume label at the command line, no
spaces can appear in the volume label.





















































45





ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ ZD - The Zap Disk Command ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ


Overview The Zap Disk command overwrites some or all of a disk with
a specified ASCII character a specified number of
repetitions. This is a protection feature to keep sensitive
data from being recovered by others. Any disk that is so
treated cannot be UnDeleted or unformatted. An option exists
with this command to only zap clusters of the disk not
currently allocated to existing files.


Command The command line parameters are:
Line ZD [drive:] [/An] [/Rn] [/U] [/HELP]


[d:] The [drive:] parameter accepts the drive that you wish to
overwrite. Be sure to correctly specify the drive that you
wish zapped. Once the disk is zapped, any data that existed
on that diskette will not be recoverable. If no drive is
given, the zap procedure will not continue.


/An The /An parameter sets the character that is to be used
when zapping the disk. The n represents the decimal value
of the character that is to be used. The character can be
any IBM ASCII character, a decimal value between 0 and 255.
The default value is 0, which will overwrite the disk with
the ASCII character 0.


/Rn The /Rn parameter sets the number of repetitions that the
character will be written. The n represents the decimal
value, between 1 and 32767. The default value is 1.


/U The /U parameter overwrites only those portions of the disk
not currently allocated to files. This will overwrite
erased files and unused data areas with the selected ASCII
character.


/HELP The /HELP option is available from the help line when you
forget what parameters are available and/or what those
parameters mean. This information is similar to the
description given in the Disk Commando Integrator ZD
description screen.











46





Example: ZD B:

When this command has been invoked with a correct drive
label (in this case, drive 'B'), the screen will display
the following lines and prompt you with a query.

Disk to be zapped: B
Disk Area affected: Entire disk
ASC overwrite char: 0
Zap process count : 1

Warning: Data on drive 'B' will be lost forever.

Proceed (Y/N)? [N]

This is to prevent a zap procedure from occurring
accidently. The default response to the query is N for no.
If you press ENTER at this point, the zap command is
aborted. If you enter Y for yes, the zap command then
begins overwriting the disk. Pressing ESCAPE will abort the
procedure at the current point. Once the disk is
overwritten, the data on that disk cannot be recovered. The
zap procedure starts from the end of the disk and works
backward.




































47





ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ ZF - The Zap File Command ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ


Overview The Zap File command zeroes a file or group of selected
files inorder to obscure its contents. This is a full
screen command, displaying the list of files in the
specified directory. Using the space bar, you can tag a
single file or group of files for zeroing. The character
used for overwriting the file is '0'.


Command The command line parameters are:
Line ZF [drive:path] [/BW] [/HELP]


[d:path] The [drive:path] parameter accepts the drive and directory
path where the files are that you wish to overwrite. Once
any file is zapped, any data that existed in that file will
not be recoverable by any means.


/BW The /BW option changes from color screen output to black and
white text. This is only necessary if the screen is
illegible when run without this option.


/HELP The /HELP option is available from the help line when you
forget what parameters are available and/or what those
parameters mean. This information is similar to that given
for the command in the Disk Commando Integrator ZF
description screen.


Operation ZF B:

After the disk and directory is selected for file display,
in this case the root directory of drive 'B', the screen
clears and shows the first seventeen directory entries on
the screen. The volume label and sub-directories can not
be zapped by this command.


Tag Files To move the highlighted selection bar up or down the screen,
with press the up and/or down cursor key. When the selection bar
Space Bar is highlighting a file that you wish to zero, press the
Space Bar. Now to the side of the file name should appear
an asterisk, '*'. If the space bar is pressed by accident
by a file that you do not wish to zero, simply press the
space bar again. This will remove the asterisk by the
highlighted file name.


If you press either 'A' or 'Z' before tagging any files with
the space bar, the following message will appear at the
bottom of the screen:

No files tagged for zapping. Use to tag or to exit.

48





Once all of the files are tagged with asterisks for
zapping, press either the 'A' or 'Z' keys. The 'Z' key
will begin the zap procedure, querying you for each file.
The 'A' key will begin the zap procedure after giving you
one last chance to abort the procedure. Once either the
'A' or 'Z' options have finished zapping the tagged files,
ZF will return control to DOS, showing the total number of
files zapped.


Z-Zap File If the 'Z' command is pressed, the ZF program will ask you
for permission to zap each file that was tagged. This query
will appear as follows:

Zap 'filename.ext' (Y/N)? _

Answering Y will zap the file, answering N will skip that
file.


A-Auto Zap If the 'A' command is pressed, the ZF program will display
the following warning prompt:

DANGER: Zapped files are gone forever. Zap selected files (Y/N)? _

Answering Y will zap all of the files marked, answering N
will stop the process without zeroing the files. If you
enter Y to start the process and then change your mind, you
can press ESCAPE to halt the zap process. Once the file has
been zeroed, it can not be recovered.































49