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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 48

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ellipser
F
Plots an ellipse on the graphics screen. The ellipse may be
rotated in 6 degree increments from 0 to 90 degrees. To obtain
full 360 degree rotation the major axis may be defined as either
x or y with rotation.



Call: ellipser(xc, yc, rotate, r1, r2, color);

xc = column coordinate of center
yc = row coordinate of center
rotate = angle of rotation (0, 6, 12, 18 etc.)
r1 = half the distance along the x-axis (columns)
r2 = half the distance along the y axis (rows)
color = color of the ellipse



Example: main()
{
sm(4); /* set graphics mode */

/* draw an ellipse in color 2 rotated 48 degrees */

ellipser(100,100,48, 50, 80, 2);
}


Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 49

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equipchk


Returns an integer idicative of the equipment contained on the PC. The
number may be interpreted as follows:

bit 0 - diskette installed
bit 1 - not used
bit 2, 3 - always 11
bit 4, 5 - initial video mode
01 = 40 x 25 BW
10 = 80 x 25 BW
bit 6, 7 - number of diskette drives ( only if bit 0 = 1)
00 = 1
01 = 2
bit 8 - 0 = dma present
1 = no dma on system
bit 9, 10, 11 - number of RS-232 cards installed
bit 12 - game I/O attached
bit 13 - not used
bit 14, 15 - number of printers



Call: equipchk();


Example: main()
{
equipchk(); /* get current equipment status */
}



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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 50

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flagdec
F

Decrements the mouse cursor flag. If the flag is greater than or equal
to zero the cursor is visible, if 0 or less then the cursor is not
visible.


Call: flagdec();


Example:
main();
{
mreset();
flagdec();
}




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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 51

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flaginc
F

Increments the mouse cursor flag. If the flag is greater than or equal
to zero the cursor is visible, if 0 or less then the cursor is not
visible.


Call: flaginc();


Example:
main();
{
mreset(); /* sets cursor flag to -1 */
flaginc(); /* now cursor is visible */
}




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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 52

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forward
F
Moves the turtle (turtle graphics) in its current direction by a
specified distance. The distance is measured in pixels.




Call: forward(pixels);

pixels = number of pixels to move in current direction




Example: main()
{
sm(4); /* set graphics mode */
pendown(); /* set pen down on screen to draw */
forward(50); /* move forward 50 pixels */
}



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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 53

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GAL_LT
F
This macro converts gallons to liters.


Call: GAL_LT(gallons);



Example:
main()
{
printf("%lf gallons is %lf liters\n", 4.5, GAL_LT(4.5));
}


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Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 54

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F gcomtype


Returns a ROM byte indicating what type of computer is in use.


Call:
gcomtype();


Example:
main()
{
printf("%d", gcomtype());
}

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Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 55

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F gcurpos

A C bios call to get the current cursor position. This is similar to
the assembly language call getcurp. By examining both you will see
how to implement both types of functions.


Call: gcurpos(row, column, page);

Where:
row = the current cursor row
column = the current cursor column
page = the current cursor page

Example:
main()
{
int row, column, page;

gcurpos(row, column, page);
}

The values are placed into the variables.



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Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 56

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F getbcnt


Returns the count of button presses.


Call: getbcnt(which);

Where:
which = 0 for left button count or
1 for right button count


Example:

main()
{
printf("There haas been a total of %d left presses", getbcnt(0));
}




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Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 57

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F getrbcnt


Returns the count of button releases.


Call: getbrcnt(which);

Where:
which = 0 for left button count or
1 for right button count


Example:

main()
{
printf("There haas been a total of %d left releases", getbrcnt(0));
}



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Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 58

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F getbstat

Returns the current mouse button status. The return is is follows:
0 - no button is pressed
1 - left button is pressed
2 - right button is pressed
3 - both buttons are pressed


Call: getbstat();

Example:
main();
{
if (getbstat == 0)
printf("No mouse button is pressed");
if (getbstat == 1)
printf("The left button is pressed");
if (getbstat == 2)
printf("The right button is pressed");
if (getbstat == 3)
printf("Both buttons are pressed");
}


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Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 59

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F getchne

Get a character from the standard input with no echo.





Call: getchne();






Example: main()
{
int a;
a = getchne(); /* return a character in a with no echo */
}



Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 60

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getctype


Returns an integer indicating the type of IBM-PC.

return:
FFh = Original IBM-PC
FEh = PC XT, portable PC or PC with revised system board
FDh = PCjr
FCh = PC-AT



Call: getctype();



Example: main()
{
int a;
a = getctype(); /* find what type of machine it is */
if (a==255)
printf("This is an original IBM-PC");
}



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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 61

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getcurp

F This returns the current position of the cursor on the screen in
row, column format.




Call: getcurp(&row, &column);

row = the current cursor row position
column = the current cursor column position



Example: main()
{
getcurp(row, column);
}




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Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 62

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F getdmaj


Returns the DOS major version. If using DOS 3.2 this will return 3.

Call: getdmaj();


Example:
main()
{
printf("The DOS major version is %d\n", getdmaj());
}





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Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 63

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F getdmin


Returns the DOS minor version. If using DOS 3.2 this will return 2.

Call: getdmin();


Example:
main()
{
printf("The DOS minor version is %d\n", getdmin());
}






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Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 64

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F getdver


Returns the DOS version. If using DOS 3.2 this will return 3.2.

Call: getdver();


Example:
main()
{
printf("The DOS version is %d\n", getdver());
}





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Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 65

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F gethpos

Returns an integer value for the mouse cursor's current horizontal
position. It must be within the current virtual screen limits.


Call: gethpos();


Example:
main()
{
printf("The mouse's horizontal position is %d", gethpos());
}







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Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 66

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F getkey

Returns the ASCII code for a keypress. If no key is available it
will wait until a key is pressed.



Call: getkey();


Example:
main()
{
printf("The ASCII code is %d", getkey());
}


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Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 67

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F getkeycd

Returns the ASCII code for a keypress. If no key is available it
will wait until a key is pressed.



Call: getkeycd();


Example:
main()
{
printf("The ASCII code is %d", getkeycd());
}



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Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 68

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F getscode

Returns the scan code for a keypress. If no key is available it
will wait until a key is pressed.



Call: getscode();


Example:
main()
{
printf("The scan code is %d", getscode());
}



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Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 69

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F getstate

Returns the current video mode.



Call: getstate();


Example:
main()
{
printf("The video mode is %d", getstate());
}



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Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 70

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F getvpos

Returns the current mouse cursor vertical position.



Call: getvpos();


Example:
main()
{
printf("The mouse vertical position is %d", getvpos());
}



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Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 71

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F get_page

Returns the current video page.



Call: get_page();


Example:
main()
{
printf("The video page is %d", get_page());
}



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Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 72

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gliss
F

Produces a sliding sound or glissando using the IBM mode of sound
production.




Call: gliss(beg, end, rate);

beg = starting frequency
end = ending frequency
rate = rate of increase/decrease. a larger rate slows it down




Example: main()
{
gliss(300, 2000, 1); /* rapid slide from 300 to 2000 cycles*/
gliss(2000, 300, 10); /* slower slide down from 2000 to
300 cycles */
}




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Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 73

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F GM_OZ

Returns the number of ounces in a given numbe of grams.



Call: GM_OZ(grams);

Where:
grams = grams to convert to ounces.

Example:
main()
{
printf("There are %d ounces in %d grams", GM_OZ(56.9), 56.9);
}


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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 74

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gothic

F Displays Gothic characters on the graphics screen. All characters
are displayed in a 16 pixel wide by 20 pixel high matrix.



Call: gothic(char, ulc, ulr, color);

char = character to print
ulc = upper left corner column
ulr = upper left corner row
color = color of the character





Example: main()
{
sm(4); /* set graphics mode */

/* print a gothic W at 20, 30 in color 3 */

gothic('W', 20, 30, 3);
}




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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 75

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hollow
F
This function prints outline characters on the graphics screen. The
characters are defined in a 16 column by 30 row pixel matrix.



Call: hollow(char, ulc, ulr, color);

char = character to print
ulc = upper left corner column
ulr = upper left corner row
color = color of the character





Example: main()
{
sm(4); /* set graphics mode */

/* print an outline W at 20, 30 in color 3 */

hollow('W', 20, 30, 3);
}



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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 76

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INCH_CM
F
Converts inches to centimenters. Implemented as a macro in UC.H.








Call: INCH_CM(inches);

Where:
inches = number of inches to convert to cm.






Example:
main()
{
printf("There are %d cm in %d inches", INCH_CM(5.6), 5.6);
}



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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 77

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indexch

F Returns the position of a character withing a string.





Call: indexch(str, ch);

str = string to be searched
ch = character to search for



Example: main()
{
/* find the position of the character 'i' */
/* should return a 2 */
indexch("This is a test", 'i');
}



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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 78

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indexr

F Returns the rightmost position of a character in a given string.
Returns -1 if the character is not found in the string.






Call: indexr(str, ch);

str = string to be searched
ch = character to search for




Example: main()
{
/* find the rightmost poistion of 'i' in "this is a
test". Should return 5 */
indexr("This is a test", 'i');
}




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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 79

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iskey
F

Returns non-zero if there is a key waiting in the keyboard buffer.
If there is no key it returns 0.






Call: iskey();



Example: main()
{
printf("%d", iskey());
}




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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 80

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kbstat
F

Returns the keyboard status byte.





Call: kbstat();



Example: main()
{
printf("The keyboard status is%d", kbstat());
}





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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 81

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keystat
F

Returns the keyboard status byte.

bit 0 - right shift
bit 1 - left shift
bit 2 - ctrl
bit 3 - alt
bit 4 - scroll lock
bit 5 - num lock
bit 6 - caps lock
bit 7 - insert


Call: keystat();



Example: main()
{
printf("The keyboard status is%d", keystat());
}



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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 82

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KG_LB
F

Converts kilograms to pounds.

Call: KG_LB(kilograms);

Where: kilograms = the number of kilograms to convert to pounds.



Example:
main()
{
printf("There are %d pounds in %d kilograms", KG_LB(5.6), 5.6);
}



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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 83

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LB_KG
F

Converts pounds to kilograms.

Call: LB_KG(pounds);

Where: pounds = the number of pounds to convert to kilograms.



Example:
main()
{
printf("There are %d kilograms in %d pounds", LB_KG(5.6), 5.6);
}




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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 84

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lhjoystk
F

Returns the current left horixontal position for the joystick.

Call: lhjoystk();



Example:
main()
{
printf("The left horizontal position is %d", lhjoystk());
}




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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 85

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lightpen
F

Returns the current position of the lightpen.

Call: lightpen(&row, &column, &ras_line, &ras_col);

Where:
row = The current text row
column = The current text column
ras_line = the current graphics raster line row
ras_col = the current graphics raster column


Example:
main()
{ int row, col, ras_line, ras_col;
/* place lightpen position into the above variables */
lightpen(&row, &col, &ras_line, &ras_col);
}



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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 86

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line

F Draws a line on the graphics screen given the two endpoints and
the color.




Call: line(x1, y1, x2, y2, color);

x1, y1 = end point coordinates
x2, y2 = second end point coordinates
color = color of the line


Example: main()
{
sm(4); /* set the graphics mode */

/* draw a line in color 3 from 30,50 to 180, 140 */

line(30,50,180,140,3);
}


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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 87

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locate

F Returns the color of a pixel on the graphics screen.




Call: variable = locate(row, column);

variable = the return variable
row = the row of the pixel
column = the column of the pixel




Example: main()
{
int a;
sm(4); /* set graphics mode */

/* find the color of the pixel located at 100, 110 */
a = locate(100,110);
/* print it out */
printf("The color of the pixel at 100, 110 is %d\n", a);
}


Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 88

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lprintf


Send a string to line printer 1.





Call: lprintf(string);

string = a pointer to string to be printed on printer




Example: main()
{
lprintf("This is a test"); /* send string to printer */
}



Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 89

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lputch


This function prints a single character to the printer. It is limited to
supporting only line printer #1.



Call: lputch(char);

char = the character to be printed.

Return: printer status
bit 0 = timeout occurred
bit 1 = [unused]
bit 2 = [unused]
bit 3 = I/O error
bit 4 = selected
bit 5 = out of paper
bit 6 = acknowledge
bit 7 = not busy


Example: main()
{
char a;

a = 'x';
lputch(a); /* print the letter 'x' on the printer */
/* at the current print head location */
}



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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 90

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lsthpos
F

Returns the last horizontal position when a button was pressed.

Call: lsthpos(which);

Where:
which = 0 for last left button press
1 for last right button press

Example:

main()
{
printf("The position was %d on the last left button press", lsthpos(0));
}



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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 91

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lsthrpos
F

Returns the last horizontal position when a button was released.

Call: lsthrpos(which);

Where:
which = 0 for last left button press
1 for last right button press

Example:

main()
{
printf("The position was %d on the last");
printf(" left button release", lsthrpos(0));
}



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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 92

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lstvpos
F

Returns the last vertical position when a button was pressed.

Call: lstvpos(which);

Where:
which = 0 for last left button press
1 for last right button press

Example:

main()
{
printf("The position was %d on the last");
printf(" left button press", lstvpos(0));
}



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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 93

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lstvrpos
F

Returns the last vertical position when a button was released.

Call: lstvrpos(which);

Where:
which = 0 for last left button press
1 for last right button press

Example:

main()
{
printf("The position was %d on the last");
printf(" left button release", lstvrpos(0));
}



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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 94

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LT_GAL
F

Converts liters to gallons. Defined as a macro in UC.H.

Call: LT_GAL(liters);


Example:

main()
{
printf("There are %lf gallons in %lf liters", LT_GAL(67.8), 67.8);
}



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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 95

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lvjoystk
F

Returns the left vertical position of the joystick.


Call: lvjoystk();


Example:

main()
{
printf("The joystick vertical position is %d", lvjoystk());
}



Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 96

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memsize


Returns an integer containing the number of kilobytes of memory installed.




Call: memsize();






Example: main()
{
int a;
a = memsize(); /* get kilobytes of memory */
}



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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 97

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mgun
F

Produces a popping machine gun type sound.

Call: mgun();


Example:

main()
{
mgun();
}



E
Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 98

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moveto

F Moves the turtle pen to an absolute pixel location without
drawing.





Call: moveto(col, row);

col = the new column coordinate
row = the new row coordinate



Example: main()
{
sm(4); /* set the graphics mode */

/* move the turtle pen to 100, 30 */
moveto(100, 30);
}



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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 99

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mreset
F

Checks to see if the mouse driver is installed. Returns 0 if NOT
installed or -1 if mouse IS installed.

Call: mreset();


Example:

main()
{
if (mreset() == 0)
then printf("There is no mouse installed - Boo-Hoo!");
else printf("Hooray, the mouse is present!");
}



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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 100

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msize

Returns the current memory size in kilobytes.


F


Call: msize();



Example:
main()
{
printf("There are %d KBytes of memory", msize());
}



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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 101

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OZ_GM

Converts ounces to grams. Defined as a macro in UC.H.


F


Call: OZ_GM(ounces);



Example:
main()
{
printf("There are %lf ounces in %lf grams", OZ_GM(53.8), 53.8);
}



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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 102

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note

F Tandy 1000 only

Plays a musical tone on the internal speaker. This function
includes all sharps and flats and a total of 7 octaves. The user
is given access to all three voices and full control over the
volume.
Future versions will include duration for added control over the
note.




Call: note(voice, octave, note, volume);

voice = 1, 2, or 3 ( selects sound channel)
octave = 1 - 7 with 1 being the lowest
note = note from below table
volume = 0 (off) to 15 (loudest)

A - 1 octave 3 contains middle C
A# - 2
B - 3
C - 4
C# - 5
D - 6
D# - 7
E - 8
F - 9
G - 10
G# - 11




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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 103

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paint

F Fills an area containing a seed point and bounded by a single color
with a specified color.





Call: paint(column, row, paintc, boundry);

column = column coordinate of seed point inside boundry
row = row coordinate of seed point inside boundry
paintc = color to paint the enclosed region
boundry = color of the boundry to the region to fill





Example: main()
{
sm(4); /* set graphics mode */
/* draw a circle */
circle(100,100,50,1,1,3);
/* paint the circle (watch the border color! */
paint(100,100,2,3);
}


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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 104

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palette

F IBM-PC only

Changes the palette or color set to be used on an IBM-PC.





Call: palette(a, b, c);

a = the palette number (0 to 3)
b = mode ( 4-normal, 5- extra or highlighted color sets)
c = background color



Example: main()
{
sm(4); /* set the graphics mode */
/* set the color set to highlighted palette 2 with a
blue background. */
palette(2, 5, 1);
}



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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 105

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pcurpos

Puts the cursor at a specific screen location.


F


Call: pcurpos(row, col, page);

Where:
row = desired cursor row
col = desired cursor column
page = desired cursor page.


Example:
main()
{
pcurpos(20, 40, 0); /* place the cursor at row 20, column
40 on video page 0. */
}



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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 106

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pencolor

F Sets the turtle graphics pen color.







Call: pencolor(color);

color = the pen color to use. may be 0-3 for IBM or
0-16 for Tandy 1000



Example: main()
{
sm(4); /* set graphics mode */
/* change pen color to 3 */
pencolor(3);
}


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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 107

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pendown

F Places the turtle graphics "pen down" on the screen so that it
may draw.





Call: pendown();





Example: main()
{
sm(4); /* set the graphics mode */
/* place the pen down in preperation for drawing */
pendown();
}

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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 108

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penup

F Lift the pen up so that it may be moved without drawing.





Call: penup();





Example: main()
{
sm(4); /* set the graphics mode */
/* lift up the pen */
penup();
}


Unicorn 1 Documentation 3.1 page 109

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phasor


Make a phasor sound.





Call: phasor();




Example: main()
{
phasor(); /* make phasor sound */
}




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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 110

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playibm

F
Plays tones on an IBM or compatible speaker. It produces only a
single tone. Octave 3 contains middle C. All octaves are defined
for A through G#.



Call: playibm(note, octave, time);

Where:
note = the note number from the below table
A, A#, B, C, C#, D, D#, E, F, F#, G, G#
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
octave = octave from 1 to 8 starting from the lowest octave
time = the time of the tone in milliseconds

Example:
main()
{
play(4,3,500); /* play middle C for .5 seconds */
}



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Unicorn Library Documentation 3.1 page 111

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point

F Light up a single pixel in a specified color.




Call: point(column, row, color);

column = the pixel column
row = the pixel row
color = color to light the pixel



Example: main()
{
sm(4); /* set the graphics mode */
/* light the pixel at 110,110 in color 3 */
point(110, 110, 3);
}