Category : Tutorials + Patches
Archive   : WDDOCS.ZIP
Filename : 20MEG.FMT

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Corporation; IBM PC, AT and XT are registered trademarks of the
International Business Machines Corporation; MS DOS, OS2 and PC DOS
are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.




SIMPLIFIED FORMATTING INSTRUCTIONS (For Use With Standard 20 Megabyte
hard disk drives)

The format instructions that you follow are simple procedures to tell
the computer that you have either one or two Winchester disk drives
installed. Formatting is done in three steps:

1. Low level format...Using DEBUG utility;
2. FDISK (partitioning)...using FDISK utility;
3. High level format...using Format utility

*These utilities are normally supplied for DOS. Refer
to your DOS manual for indepth instructions on these
utilities.









































CAUTION
THE FOLLOWING LOW-LEVEL FORMAT PROCEDURE
WILL DESTROY ALL DATA ON YOUR HARD DRIVE
BACK-UP THE DATA ON YOUR DRIVE BEFORE
CONTINUING WITH LOW LEVEL FORMAT ROUTINE.

DEBUG Utility

1. At the A>prompt, load and run the DOS DEBUG Utility by typing
DEBUG followed by a RETURN. "CR" denotes a carriage return or ENTER.

2. FOR IBM SYSTEMS ONLY: At the DEBUG prompt, which is a hyphen (-)
verify that the system BIOS is 10-27-82 or later by typing in the
following command line:

-d f000:fff5 fffc

3. At the debug prompt, start the low level format program by
typing the following command line:

-g = c800:5 CR (for primary controller)
-g = ca00:5 CR (for secondary controller)

4. The Super BIOS format program displays the following message:

Super BIOS Formatter Rev. 2.4 Copyright Western Digital
Corp. 1987
Current Drive is C:
Select new Drive or RETURN for current

Enter your choice of drives at this point. The program continues:

Current Interleave is 3
Select new Interleave or RETURN for current.

Enter your choice of interleave at this point. The recommended
interleave is 3.

Are you dynamically configuring the drive - answer Y/N

Answer: No

Are you virtually configuring the drive? - answer Y/N

Answer: No

PROGRAM DISPLAYS INITIATE FORMAT MESSAGE

Press "Y" to begin formatting drive (C or D) with
interleave of 03 (or value you entered above)

If any key other than "Y" is typed, the program displays the
following message and returns the operator to DOS:

Nothing done exit -
returning to system ...
A>










If an error occurs while formatting, the program immediately
terminates, displays the following error message, and returns the
operator to DOS. Refer to Table 5 (Error Codes).

Error---completion code XX

If "Y" is typed, the Super BIOS program initiates the low level
format. The following message indicates the Super BIOS is formatting
the drive:
Formatting. . .


The Super BIOS displays the following message if there are no
resulting errors:

Do you want to format bad tracks? Answer Y/N

Answer: No

If no errors occurred, the Super BIOS ends execution of the low level
format with the following message:

Format Successful
System will now restart
Insert DOS diskette in drive A:
Press any key when ready.

5. If you have a second hard drive. Repeat step 4.

6. Load and execute the DOS FDISK utility for both drives (follow
instructions in DOS manual).

7. Load and execute the DOS FORMAT utility for both drives (follow
instructions in DOS manual).


DYNAMIC LOW LEVEL FORMATTING INSTRUCTIONS

CAUTION
THE FOLLOWING LOW LEVEL FORMAT PROCEDURE
WILL DESTROY ALL DATA ON YOUR HARD DRIVE
BACK-UP THE DATA ON YOUR DRIVE BEFORE
CONTINUING WITH LOW LEVEL FORMAT ROUTINE.

The format instructions that you follow are simple procedures to tell
the computer that you have either one or two Winchester disk drives
installed. Formatting is done in three steps:

1. Low level format...Using DEBUG utility;
2. FDISK (partitioning)...using FDISK utility;
3. High level format...using Format utility

*These utilities are normally supplied for DOS. Refer
to your DOS manual for indepth instructions on these
utilities.











DEBUG Utility

1. At the A>prompt, load and run the DOS DEBUG Utility by typing
DEBUG followed by a RETURN. "CR" denotes a carriage return or ENTER.

2. FOR IBM SYSTEMS ONLY: At the DEBUG prompt, which is a hyphen (-)
verify that the system BIOS is 10-27-82 or later by typing in the
following command line:

-d f000:fff5 fffc

3. At the debug prompt, start the low level format program by
typing the following command line:

-g = c800:5 CR (for primary controller)
-g = ca00:5 CR (for secondary controller)

4. The Super BIOS format program displays the following message:

Super BIOS Formatter Rev. 2.4 Copyright Western Digital
Corp. 1987
Current Drive is C:
Select new Drive or RETURN for current

Enter your choice of drives at this point. The program continues:

Current Interleave is 3
Select new Interleave or RETURN for current.

Enter your choice of interleave at this point. The recommended
interleave is 3.

Are you dynamically configuring the drive? Answer Y/N

Answer: Yes

In order to continue, you will need to know the parameters of your
drive. For your convenience, we have prepared a list of common hard
disk drives and their parameters. By returning to the Storage
Controller menu, you may access the drive list. If your drive is not
listed, you will need to refer to your drive manual or contact your
drive manufacturer for this information. You will need to know the
following: Number of heads, number of cylinders, starting reduced
write current cylinder, write precompensation cylinder, maximum
correctable error burst length, step rate code.




















The Super BIOS program displays the initiate dynamic configuration
message:
Key in disk characteristics as follows:
ccc h rrr ppp ee o where
ccc = total number of cylinders (1-4 digits)
h = number of heads (1-2 digits)
rrr = starting reduced write current cylinder (1-4 digits)
ppp = write precomp cylinder (1-4 digits)
ee = max correctable error burst length (1-2 digits) range
= 5 to 11 bits, default = 11 bits
o = CBB option byte, step rate select (1 hex digit) range
= 0 to 7, default = 5 refer to controller and drive
specification for step rates.

Enter each value separated by a space and follow the complete entry
with a RETURN. Enter physical cylinder values.

Example for ST 251:
820 6 821 410 11 5 (CR)

Program Displays:

Are you virtually configuring the drive - Answer Y/N

Explanation: Current versions of DOS allow no more than 32 megabytes
per drive. Therefore, a 40 megabyte drive may be divided into two
virtual drives using the virtual option. Therefore, if you have a
hard disk drive larger than 32 megabytes, you will want to answer Yes
to the above question in order to fully utilize your drive's
capacity. For example: If your drive has a 40 megabyte formatted
capacity you may chose to virtually split the drive into either two
20 megabyte drives or a 30 megabyte drive and a 10 megabyte drive.

NOTE: WITH DOS VERSION 3.30 OR LATER, SAY "NO" TO VIRTUAL
CONFIGURATION AND DO PARTITION UNDER FDISK UTILITY.

If you answer Yes to virtual configuration, you may not attach
another physical drive to the controller or add another Winchester
controller to the system. Also, do NOT repeat this low level format
procedure for logical drive D.

The program continues with the following display:

Key in cylinder number for drive split as vvv ...
where vvv = number of cylinders for drive C: (1-4 digits)

Enter the ending cylinder number for drive C:. Drive D: uses the
remaining cylinders.

The program continues with the following display:

Press "Y" to begin formatting drive (C or D) with
interleave of (03 or value entered above).













If any key other than "Y" is typed, the program displays the
following message and returns the operator to DOS:
Nothing done exit -
returning to system...

If an error occurs while formatting, the program immediately
terminates, displays error code and returns operator to DOS. See
Table 3 for error codes.

If "Y" is typed and there are no errors, the following message
appears:
Formatting....

Super BIOS now displays the following message:
Do you want to format bad tracks - answer Y/N

Note: A list of bad tracks is normally found attached to your
drive. If "Y" is typed, you will be prompted to enter the bad tracks
(see example below). However, because of the logical addressing used
by DOS, marking an entire track bad will result in more than one
logical address being marked bad. As DOS can only accept a limited
number of defects, a drive with excessive media defects may cause the
FORMAT program to terminate with an error. The displayed error is
typically, "TRACK 00 BAD - DRIVE UNUSABLE."

If you do choose to format bad tracks by pressing "Y", the program
will display the following:
Key in bad track list as follows:
ccc h...
where
ccc = bad track cylinder number (1-4 digits)
h = bad track head number (1-2 digits)

Type in the cyliner and head numers for the bad tracks separated by a
space and press RETURN.

EXAMPLE: 160 1 161 2 304 3 223 4 223 2 CR

The program continues:
More? Y/N

Enter extra bad tracks as above or terminate bad track formatting by
typing: N CR

The program continues:
BAD TRACK MAP
TRACK ADDR PROBLEM
ccc H USER-SUPPLIED

If no errors occurred, Super BIOS message reads:
Format Successful
System will now restart
Insert DOS diskette in drive A:
Press any key when ready.












5. Repeat Step 4 if a second physical drive is to be formatted. Do
NOT virtually configure the second physical drive. Do NOT run the
low level format on the second logical drive if drive C: was
virtually configured.

6. Load and execute FDISK utility for both drives regardless of
virtual or physical configuration. FDISK partition data should
indicate proper split of cylinders for both drives. Follow DOS
instructions for using this utility.

7. Load and execute DOS FORMAT utility for both drives, regardless
of virtual or physical configurations. Follow DOS instructions for
using this utility.

Table 3 - Error Codes

Code Completion Code Summary

01 Bad Command
02 Address Mark Not Found
04 Sector Not Found
05 Reset Failed
07 Set Parameters Failed
09 Attempt to DMA across 64K boundary
0B Bad Track
10 Correctable Data Error
11 ECC Error Corrected
20 Controller Failure
40 Seek Failure
80 Time-out
BB Undefined Error
FF Read Status Failed

AT INSTALLATION

Super BIOS expands the compatibility of the WD1002A-WX1 to the IBM PC
AT. For AT operation, the system must contain system BIOS ROMs
#6181028 and #6181029 (1981-1984) for use with DOS version 2.1 or
system BIOS ROMs #6480090 and #6480091 (1985) for use with DOS 3.0,
3.1 and 3.2.

Drives operating on the WD1002A-WX1 are not programmed into the AT's
configuration memory. Therefore, configure the IBM Advanced
Diagnostic program, Setup, for no (zero) drives and set the
controller jumpers as the primary controller (W4 2-3; W8:2-3).

Troubleshooting

Eliminate obvious fault causing problems, i.e., reversed cables,
overloaded system power supply, improper drive selection, etc.

Problem: Winchester activity LED is always lit.

Solution: Cables may be reversed

Problem: Both Winchester activity LEDs come on at same time.










Solution: Improper drive select or termination. Consult your drive
or system manual for information.

Problem: "Nothing done exit" appears when starting the low level
format program.

Solution: "Y" was not pressed. Start at Step 1 of the format
instructions.

Problem: Controller formats 10 MB of a 20 MB drive.

Solution: Check S1 settings.

Problem: System hangs with controller installed.

Solution: System BIOS may not handle Winchester disk. Update system
BIOS.

Problem: "Error Reading Fixed Disk" when booting system.

Solution: DOS partition not active.

Problem: Slow and inefficient operation.

Solution: Normally due to incorrect interleave factor which may
require some experimentation (see Format instructions). Interleave
factors are dependent on drive access time, controller operation,
host operating speed and system, as well as application program.

Problem: 1701 or 01 Error Code

Solution: System BIOS does not support Winchester controller and
drive. Overloaded power supply. Update system BIOS (refer to format
instructions to check the BIOS data). Install 135 W power supply.
Finally, ensure that W3 enables controller BIOS.
Problem: Error Code 20

Solution: Controller component malfunction. Consult your dealer.
Make sure you properly installed the controller in the expansion
slot. Reversed cables.

Problem: Error Code 40

Solution: Wrong CCB option byte selected. Refer to format
instructions to check CCB option byte. Not enough host power for
drive. Install 135 W power supply.

Problem: Error Code 80

Solution: Not enough drive power. Check cables, drive select
jumpers, and drive termination. Check drive.

Problem: Western Digital Technical Support line is always busy.
Solution: Consult your dealer first. Use our technical support line
only if you or your dealer's troubleshooting failed.