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CUSTOMIZING CALC


____________________________________________________________________

Customizing CALC

One of the unique features of CALC is its ability to be tailored
to individual preferences and environments.

Early versions of CALC were not very flexible. Like any good
software authors, before we started, we discussed the merits and
drawbacks of some other spreadsheet products. Then we borrowed
some concepts here and there, added a bit of our own creativity,
and started writing the programs.

But many early CALC users had already used other spreadsheet
products. They were switching to CALC for many reasons: more
features; easier to use; compatible with other software; etc. As
letters and user response forms poured in, these early users quickly
delivered their message:

"We sure wish CALC worked more like ________."

(Fill in the blank with just about every spreadsheet product that
exists, and you begin to get the picture.)

But it wasn't the internal features of the other brands, or the way
the manual was organized, or the names used for math functions.
What people wanted was for CALC's "user interface" -- the
keyboard and screen link to the user -- to look similar to other
products they had seen or used.


"I think the message and entry line should be at the top of
the screen, not the bottom."

"Sure wish the arrow keys worked like they do in KillerKalc."

"How about letting us enter @SUM instead of SUM? It would
really cut down on my FORMULA ERROR messages."

"Will it work on my BelchFire 3-PC? Its screen is 64 by 16."


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And the list goes on and on. So for the last two years we have
continued to add features, and still the requests pour in. This
version of CALC is so full of optional features and
customization capabilities, we have devoted an entire section of
the User Guide to it. This is it.


Profile (.PRO) Files
There is a file on the CALC distribution diskette which
demonstrates a profile in its simplest form. The file is called
BW.PRO, and if you were to print it or type it, this is all you
would see:
BLACK AND WHITE

Users with black and white monitors have already discovered this
file, or maybe have used it unwittingly. To start CALC for the
first time on a computer with a black and white monitor it is
necessary to type:

CALC BW

The BW on the DOS command line tells CALC to go find a file
called BW.PRO, read all the commands in it (only one in this case),
and change CALC's configuration accordingly.

Another important step is performed before BW.PRO is read:
CALC tries to find a file called CALC.PRO. If found,
it is read first, and all the commands in it are processed, even if
no profile name is typed on the DOS command line. So, hey,
monochrome users: you don't have to remember to type BW everytime
you start up CALC. In DOS, just:

RENAME BW.PRO CALC.PRO

Now when you start CALC it is not necessary to say BW; it is in
CALC's "automatic" profile.

What if you want to specify two or more different options in the
profile? For an example of that, take a look at another file that


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comes on the CALC distribution diskette, BW40.PRO:

BLACK AND WHITE
SCREEN WIDTH 40
COLUMN WIDTH 8

Any .PRO file can have any number of profile commands in it. Just
put them each on a separate line, with a carriage return/line feed
following them.

A CALC profile command can also start with a slash. The slash is
optional when there is only one profile command per line. The
following form is acceptable too:

BLACK AND WHITE;/SCREEN WIDTH 40;/COLUMN WIDTH 8

In this mode, CALC looks for a semicolon/slash pair to mark the
end of a command, so if you put multiple commands on the same line,
put a semicolon and slash between them (with no space between the
semicolon and slash). Comma/slash was not used because commas and
slashes are both used heavily in CALC profile data strings, as
you will see later.

If CALC finds a profile command that it doesn't recognize or
that has bad data, the command is displayed on the screen and a
message is given:

The .PRO file contains a statement which is not valid.
Press ENTER to ignore the statement and continue. Press Control-C
to return to DOS. Or re-type the statement and press ENTER.

That about covers profile files. Now let's discuss the lines inside
the profile -- profile commands.


Profile Command Summary
Let's start by listing all the valid commands that can go into a
profile. They are listed in groups by function. Following this
section is a detailed discussion of some of the more exotic and
complex commands.


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PROFILE COMMANDS

Screen configuration
MAXIMUM COLUMNS n Overrides 64 columns
MAXIMUM LINES n Overrides 256 lines
SCREEN WIDTH n Overrides 80 column screen width
SCREEN LINES n Overrides 25 lines on screen
COLUMN WIDTH n Overrides 11 character column width default
SCREEN LAYOUT xxx Overrides DME (Display, Message, Entry)
DISPLAY SLOW Use ROM BIOS calls (for some compatibles)
ROMBIOS Use ROM BIOS calls (same as Display Slow)
GRAPH1 SCREEN x Screen display character for bargraph 1
GRAPH2 SCREEN x Screen display character for bargraph 2
GRAPH3 SCREEN x Screen display character for bargraph 3
BRACKETS xy Override () characters on negative numbers


Keyboard interface
SMART CURSOR Smart cursor on at startup
OLD CURSOR Cursor keys work like version 2.0
QUOTE ON TEXT Require quotation mark on text (like 2.0)
NO QUOTE ON TEXT No " on text, but formula starts with 0-9,+
TRANSLATE x TO yyy Translate keyboard character to string
(This is how smart keys are stored)
KEYIN xxx... Initialize keyboard buffer with this string
INSERT ONE SPACE Insert key inserts one space; no toggle


Screen colors
BLACK AND WHITE Set colors to black/white and white/black
BORDER COLOR x ON y Set border color
DISPLAY COLOR x ON y Set display area color
MESSAGE COLOR x ON y Set message area color
ENTRY COLOR x ON y Set entry line color
CURSOR COLOR x ON y Set cell cursor color
PROTECT COLOR x ON y Set color of protected cells
GRAPH1 COLOR x ON y Set color of bar graph 1
GRAPH2 COLOR x ON y Set color of bar graph 2
GRAPH3 COLOR x ON y Set color of bar graph 3



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PROFILE COMMANDS

Global defaults
MANUAL CALCULATION Set automatic recalculation off at startup
BORDER OFF Turn off the screen border at startup
COLUMN CALCULATION Calculate down columns, not across rows
DEFAULT DECIMALS n Override default two decimal places
DEFAULT FLOATING Default to floating decimal places
DEFAULT SCIENTIFIC Default to scientific notation
DEFAULT JUSTIFY x Default to left, right or center justification
DEFAULT NO COMMAS Default to no commas between thousands
DEFAULT GRAPHICS n Default to graphic format n on numbers
DEFAULT $ Default to display floating dollar sign
DEFAULT ( Default to parentheses on negative numbers
DEFAULT % Default to percent sign on numbers
DEFAULT ZERO BLANK Default to blanking out zero fields
GLOBAL FORMULAS Default to display formulas in cells


Print configuration
PRINTER WIDTH n Override 80 char. wide default
LINES PER PAGE n Override 58 line default
PRINTER OFFSET n Override 7 character default
DOUBLE SPACE Override single spacing default
TOP MARGIN n Override 2 line default
COPIES n Override single copy default
HEADING TOP n Specify heading starting line
HEADING BOTTOM n Specify heading ending line
FOOTING TOP n Specify footing starting line
FOOTING BOTTOM n Specify footing ending line
PRINTER 10 CPI xx... String to set printer to 10 char. per inch
PRINTER 12 CPI xx... String to set printer to 12 char. per inch
PRINTER 17 CPI xx... String to set printer to 17 char. per inch
PRINTER 6 LPI xx... String to set printer to 6 lines per inch
PRINTER 8 LPI xx... String to set printer to 8 lines per inch
PRINTER INIT xx... String to send to printer before /Print
TRANSLATE PRINT TO Translate a printed character to a string
GRAPH1 PRINT x print character for bargraph 1
GRAPH2 PRINT x print character for bargraph 2
GRAPH3 PRINT x print character for bargraph 3


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PROFILE COMMANDS

Sort commands
SORT SPACES n Sort sequence: text starting with space
SORT SPECIAL CHAR n Sort sequence: text starting with sp. char.
SORT LOWER CASE n Sort sequence: text starting with letter
SORT UPPER CASE n Sort sequence: text starting with letter
SORT NUMERALS n Sort sequence: text starting with numeral
SORT NEGATIVE n Sort sequence: negative value or formula
SORT ZERO n Sort sequence: zero value or formula
SORT POSITIVE n Sort sequence: positive value or formula
SORT EMPTY n Sort sequence: empty cells
SORT Aa Sort upper case ahead of lower case
SORT IGNORE CASE Sort lower case and upper case together


Other commands
PRINTER NAME Brand of printer (used in some prompts)
ITERATIONS n Repeat calculation n times
DEFAULT DRIVE Default disk drive for /Load and /Save
DEFAULT EXTENSION Default file extension (such as .CAL)
OPTIMIZE MEMORY Increase memory capacity, but run slower
PROMPT Prompt for entry of profile commands
ON EXIT RUN program On /Quit, run a specified .EXE program



SCREEN CONFIGURATION
If CALC is already running on your computer, the easiest way to
configure the screen is to use the /Configure command. /Configure
allows you to see the changes immediately on the screen. When you
have it just the way you want it, do a /Configure, Save, which
creates a .PRO file with a name you specify.

But maybe you have a computer that CALC can't run on until it's
configured. If that is the case, you can't run the /Configure






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command. Four .PRO files are provided on the distribution diskette
for just this occasion:

BW.PRO
40.PRO
BW40.PRO
SL.PRO

The purpose of each of these files is explained in the "Getting
Started" section.
All the screen configuration options are discussed in the
/Configure section of the Alphabetical Reference. It is a good idea
to read that section even if you plan to use .PRO files rather than
/Configure. The only screen command which can not be set with
/Configure is the BRACKET xy command. This command allows you to
specify different characters for enclosing negative numbers. The
system default is BRACKET () but you might want to specify:

BRACKET <>
BRACKET []
BRACKET {}


SMART CURSOR/OLD CURSOR
SMART CURSOR is explained under /Global, Smart-cursor in the
Alphabetical Reference section.

OLD CURSOR causes the arrow keys to work as they did in versions
1.0 and 2.0 of CALC: Only the ENTER key can terminate a field.
Pressing left- or right-arrow while entering data does not move the
cell cursor; it moves the data cursor one character to the left or
right, like the backspace and tab keys. The up- and down-arrow keys
have no effect during data entry. The old method is no longer the
default, because most spreadsheet programs allow you to terminate a
field and move the cell cursor with a single keystroke.







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QUOTE/NO QUOTE
QUOTE ON TEXT requires that all text fields be started with a
quotation mark. Anything without a quotation mark is considered to
be a value or formula. This is the way version 1.0 and 2.0 worked.

NO QUOTE ON TEXT is a popular way to differentiate between
text and formulas. No quotation mark is required on text unless the
text starts with a numeric digit or a plus or minus sign. Any field
that does not start with a numeric digit or plus or minus is
assumed to be text. The drawback to this method is that a formula
like A1+B1 will be taken as text, so it needs a plus sign at the
front to identify it as a formula: +A1+B1.

There are tradeoffs between QUOTE ON TEXT and NO QUOTE
ON TEXT. Would you rather remember to put a quotation mark on
your text, or a plus sign on formulas that start with a letter?
With these .PRO options you can suit yourself.

The default method of differentiating text from formulas is
preferred by many, but still has its drawbacks. If neither of the
two options above are specified, and there is no " mark at the
front, CALC takes your data string and runs it through the
formula handler. If it comes back without a formula error, it is
considered a formula (or value). If it comes back with a formula
error it is considered text. There are two pitfalls here:

(1) many text fields look suspiciously like formulas: 1985, for
example, or 8/24/85 will get processed as a formula unless you
remember to enter a quotation mark first.

(2) If you make an error in your formula, such as mismatched
parentheses, the data is considered text, and placed in the
cell as such. So instead of a number, you may have a funny
looking formula in the middle of your balance sheet. It only
takes three strokes ( /E (ENTER) ) to get it back on the entry
line, assuming you notice it is wrong.






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As you can see, there are no easy choices for differentiating text
from formulas. If anybody out there knows of a better way (not just
another way, please, but a better way) please advise. In the
meantime, you have your choice of three popular methods. You pick.


TRANSLATE
TRANSLATE x TO yyy... is a useful means of translating a
keyboard character into another character or string. The most
popular use of this command is for Smart Keys; see /Configure,Keys
for a discussion of them. But TRANSLATE can serve other purposes:

Ctrl-a to an alpha symbol, Ctrl-b to beta, etc. so you don't have
to look up or remember the ASCII value for each of the symbols.

be easier to remember Ctrl-e is an e with an acute accent; Alt-e
is an e with a grave accent, rather than ASCII 130 and 138.

The first parameter of TRANSLATE specifies the keyboard character
to be translated. If it is more than one character long, only the
first character is used. The second parameter can be any length,
and is delimited by "TO" on the left and carriage return/line feed
on the right.

If a carriage return (ENTER key) character is part of the
TRANSLATE string, use [13] to designate carriage return. Use
[8] to designate backspace. The numbers enclosed in brackets are
the ASCII values for carriage return and backspace. There are
several characters which you may want to use, for either the first
parameter or in the second parameter string, which cannot always be
typed into a string. Some special keys return an "extended code"
which is two characters long. For those keys, add the extended code
to 256 and enclose the number in square brackets. A table of
extended codes is in the back of the BASIC reference manual. A few
of the popular key values are listed here. To duplicate the
character shown on the left, use the ASCII sequence in square
brackets shown on the right. Any character's ASCII value can be
enclosed in square brackets, but these are some that
must be:



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Backspace 8 Up arrow 328
Tab 9 Down arrow 336
Line feed 10 Left arrow 331
ENTER (CR) 13 Right arrow 333
Backtab 271 Insert 338
Home 327 Delete 339
End 335


Here is an example of a translate statement which converts the
ESCAPE key (ASCII 27) to the string /QY (ENTER) :

TRANSLATE [27] TO /QY[13]

Since ESCAPE already has a special meaning in CALC, you will
need to use CONTROL-C to cancel commands. Or you could choose
another key and have it generate an ESCAPE code. That may be
getting a bit extreme, unless you are trying to duplicate a unique
set of keyboard conventions.

A maximum of fifty TRANSLATE strings can be specified. They
can be any length, but if exceptionally long, they may cause an out
of memory condition.


KEYIN
The string following the KEYIN command is sent to the keyboard
buffer when CALC is started. It works similar to a smart key,
but doesn't require pressing a key at startup. Any string that is
valid in the second parameter of TRANSLATE may be used in
KEYIN. Special characters must have their ASCII value enclosed in
square brackets (see TRANSLATE).


SCREEN COLORS
The recommended way to configure screen colors is with the
/Configure command. It allows you to see the colors as you
configure them, and then you can save the color profile commands
with /Configure,Save. It is possible, but cumbersome, to configure
colors by typing profile commands. For example:


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BORDER COLOR LIGHT MAGENTA ON CYAN

Any of the sixteen colors can be used for the first (foreground)
color. Only the eight colors on the left can be used for the second
(background) color:

Black Gray
Blue Light Blue
Green Light Green
Cyan Light Cyan
Red Light Red
Magenta Light Magenta
Brown Yellow
White Bright White


GLOBAL DEFAULTS
Global defaults are described in detail in the /Global and /Format
command sections. They can be configured by using /G and /F to set
them, then doing a /Configure,Save or they can be typed directly
into a .PRO file.


PRINT CONFIGURATION
Most of the printer configuration options are explained in the
/Print command section. They can be configured by using /Print
to set them, then doing a /Configure,Save or they can be typed
directly into a .PRO file.

The PRINTER CPI and LPI profile commands are followed by an
ASCII string of any length. Rules for entering the ASCII string
are the same as the rules for entering the TRANSLATE TO string
(see above).

TRANSLATE PRINT x TO y takes every character coming from
a CALC spreadsheet and going to a printed report and compares it
to the translate table. If a character matches, the translation is
made. The same rules discussed above for the TRANSLATE command
apply to the parameters of TRANSLATE PRINT. A maximum of fifty


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translate strings can be specified. Heavy use of this feature can
slow down /Print noticeably.


ITERATIONS
When CALC calculates, it makes only one pass through the
formulas. For some applications, especially those with "forward
references", it is necessary to make a second pass through the
formulas, since they refer to formulas that were not calculated on
the first pass. It is possible to set the ITERATIONS to a large
number if there are computations which get increasingly accurate
with each recalculation.


OPTIMIZE MEMORY
As a rule, this profile command should not be used. If it is
present, CALC uses a more memory-efficient method of saving
cell contents. It also does not save the parsed version of
formulas, so they must be re-parsed on every calculation. This
slows down re-calculation. CALC will automatically switch to
OPTIMIZE MEMORY when spreadsheet memory becomes filled. If
you are working with a large spreadsheet that will fill memory if
CALC is optimized for speed, you can save some time in the
loading process by including this command in the profile.


BARGRAPH CONFIGURATION
The /Format, Bargraph command allows cells to be displayed in
horizontal bargraph format. Three aspects of bargraphs can be
changed: the color, the screen character and the print character.

The easiest way to change bargraph colors is with the /Configure
command, so you can see the colors on the screen. It's a good idea
to have a sample spreadsheet with bargraphs on the screen when
/Configuring. Or the colors can be entered into a .PRO file
directly. See "Screen Colors" above.

To change a bargraph character, use the GRAPHn SCREEN x or
GRAPHn PRINT x commands, where n is 1 to 3, and x is any
displayable character; x may also be an ASCII value enclosed


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in square brackets. The default bargraph characters on the
CALC distribution diskette are:

GRAPH1 SCREEN [178]
GRAPH2 SCREEN [219]
GRAPH3 SCREEN [176]
GRAPH1 PRINT *
GRAPH2 PRINT ]
GRAPH3 PRINT /

If your printer is capable of printing graphic symbols, you may
want to use them instead of ****, ]]]] and //// . IBM graphics
printers and compatibles can specify the same character as the
screen character, so printed bargraphs will look similar to the
ones on the screen. There are dozens of characters that can be
used on the screen for bargraphs. The back of the BASIC manual
has an ASCII table with a picture of each character. Your printer
manual should have a similar table of printable characters. You
might experiment with different characters. How about gross sales
graphed in dollar sign characters ( GRAPH1 SCREEN $ ). Or net
profits graphed with happy faces ( GRAPH2 SCREEN [1] ).


SORT CONFIGURATION
The /Arrange command has a sort precedence which you may want to
override. Perhaps you want empty cells to sort at the end. Or you
want special characters to all be at the beginning. While sorting,
CALC puts a number at the front of each cell to indicate
the type of data the cell contains. This number prefix is sorted
with the data. The prefix number may be overridden with one of the
sort sequence profile commands. The defaults are:

SORT SPACES 20
SORT SPECIAL CHAR 30
SORT LOWER CASE 40
SORT UPPER CASE 40
SORT NUMERALS 50
SORT NEGATIVE 60
SORT ZERO 70
SORT POSITIVE 80


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SORT EMPTY 90
SORT aA

The prefix numbers are assigned by tens so there is space between
them for renumbering. For example, to sort values first, use:

SORT NEGATIVE 1
SORT ZERO 2
SORT POSITIVE 3

Note that upper-case (capital) letters and lower-case (small)
letters are both assigned the same sort precedence. Specifying a
lower number for upper-case will cause all upper-case letters to
sort before all lower-case letters. If both have the same
precedence, they will be sorted together like this: a, A, b, B, etc.
If you prefer: A, a, B, b, etc. use the SORT Aa profile command.
If lower case and upper case are to be sorted together as if they
were not different, use the SORT IGNORE CASE command.

To ignore the sign on a value, (i.e. sort the absolute value),
assign NEGATIVE and POSITIVE the same prefix numbers:

SORT NEGATIVE 80
SORT ZERO 70
SORT POSITIVE 80

The prefix number can be any integer from 0 to 255. On text fields,
sort precedence applies only to the first letter of text. After the
prefix number, the text field is sorted in upper-case ASCII
sequence.












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If straight ASCII sequence is required on text fields, simply
assign all text fields the same prefix:

SORT SPACES 20
SORT SPECIAL CHAR 20
SORT LOWER CASE 20
SORT UPPER CASE 20
SORT NUMERALS 20


































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CALC FILE FORMAT


____________________________________________________________________

CALC FILE FORMAT

This section is intended for programmers whose programs access data
in CALC files, or whose programs create CALC files.

The file format is designed so user programs can access it easily.
Numbers are stored in string format. Formulas are stored exactly as
they are entered. Attributes are stored as a string of characters,
rather than internal binary flags. On cells with formulas, both the
formula and the computed value are stored, allowing other programs
to access the result without having to go through any computations.


Reading The File
In Microsoft BASIC, use the LINE INPUT# command to read data
from the file. All data fields are string format. Numeric data can
be read into a string workarea, then converted to a double-
precision numeric value using the VAL function. See the sample at
the end of this section for more details.


Header Record
The first record is the header record. It looks like this:

CALC 3.0

To verify that the input file is a CALC file, check the first
four characters of this record for the letters "CALC". The
"3.0" is the version number of CALC that produced the output. If
you are creating a CALC file in your own program, it is
recommended that you use "0.0" through "0.9" in this field, so it
is evident that the file was not created by CALC, but by another
program. You can also put descriptive info in the record, starting
at column 20, to describe the source and/or contents of the file.






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Cell Contents
Following the header record are the contents of each cell. Only
those cells that have something in them are saved on disk. Each
cell is saved as a series of five fields. They are:

. Cell letter (expressed as a number from 1 to 255)
. Cell row
. Cell attributes (such as left-adjust, decimals, etc.)
. Cell value
. Formula (this field is null on text fields)

To read these fields, start by reading the cell letter. Check to
see if it equals "END". If it does equal "END", you have reached
the end of the cell contents fields. Otherwise, read the other four
fields, using LINE INPUT# commands.


Cell Attributes
The "cell attributes" field is a variable-length field, one or more
bytes in length. The first byte identifies the type of contents in
the cell. The first byte may be any one of the following:

T = Cell contains text.
V = Cell contains a numeric value.
F = Cell contains a formula.
space = Cell is empty (except for attribute data).


Other bytes of the attribute field are as follows:

Position 2: Justification
L = left-justify cell.
R = right-justify cell.
C = center-justify cell.
space = use system default.







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Position 3: Decimal positions
0 to 9 = number of decimal places.
: = 10 decimal places.
; = 11 decimal places.
< = 12 decimal places.
F = floating decimal places.
S = scientific notation.
space = use system default.

Position 4: Commas on numbers
Y = Print number with commas.
N = Print number without commas.
space = Use system default.

Position 5: Bargraph format
1 = Print number as graphics string 1.
2 = Print number as graphics string 2.
3 = Print number as graphics string 3.
N = Print number as a number.
space = Use system default.

Position 6: Floating dollar sign
Y = Print dollar sign to left of number.
N = Print number without dollar sign.
space = Use system default.

Position 7: Parentheses around negative numbers
Y = Print negative number with parentheses.
N = Print negative number with minus sign.
space = Use system default.

Position 8: Trailing percent sign
Y = Print number with trailing percent sign.
N = Print number without percent sign.
space = Use system default.

Position 9: Cell contains an external reference (from
another spreadsheet or from a database)
Y = Cell contains an external reference.
N = Cell does not contain external reference.


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Position 10: Hidden cell
P = Hidden on printer only.
S = Hidden on screen only.
B = Hidden on printer and screen.
space = Not hidden.

Position 11: Protected cell
Y = Cell is protected.
space = Cell is not protected.

Position 12: Print zeros as blanks (spaces)
Y = Print zeros as blanks.
N = Print zeros as zeros.
space = Use system default.

Positions 13-20: For future use.


Note that the attribute field is variable length. If attributes on
the right are blank, the field may be shortened.





















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Sample File
For example, a small CALC file with only three cells might look
like this:

CALC 3.0
1
1
TL
Sample Spreadsheet

2
3
V
123.00
123
3
3
F
246.00
B3*2
END

In this example the spreadsheet has cells with data at A1, B3 and
C3. At A1, the cell contains text, because the first letter of the
attribute is "T". The second letter of the attribute is "L", which
indicates that the data is to be left-justified in the cell. Cell
B3 contains the value 123.00, and so its attribute is "V" for
value. The field with "123" is the actual value that was entered in
that cell; it may not always be a single number. For example, it
could contain "100+23". But the field that contains "123.00" will
always be a single numeric value. To use it in your program,
convert it to a double-precision number:

LINE INPUT# DISKIN,VALUE$
VALUE# = VAL(VALUE$)

The formula at cell C3 has a value of 246.00 and a formula of B3*2.
Since B3 contains the value 123.00, the formula was evaluated by
CALC and came up with the value 246.00. Finally, the table ends
with the word "END".


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Remaining Fields Optional
The fields explained below, which follow the "END" statement, are
optional. If the file ends with "END", or with only some of the
optional fields, CALC will load the fields that are present, and
use system defaults for the rest.


Column Width
Immediately following the "END" statement are a series of column
width fields. These fields are numeric integers, with values from 0
to 75, and they are followed by another "END" statement. The reason
for this second "END" statement is that the number of columns may
change when the matrix dimension is reconfigured, and CALC
needs to know when column width numbers stop.


Other Parameters
Following the column widths are the following parameters:

. Letter number of cell cursor position (1 to 255)
. Row number of cell cursor position (1 to 9999)
. Row/col or col/row sequence setting (0=row, 1=col)
. Border on/off setting (0=on, 1=off)
. Default decimal places (0 to 12 or F or S)
. Default justification (" "=none, L=left, R=right, C=center)
. Default commas (" "=none, Y=yes, N=no)
. Zeros as blanks (0=no, 1=yes)
. Print width (1 to 999)
. Print length (1 to 999)
. Print options (D=double space, etc. See print command.)
. Print page offset (0 to 99)
. Default graphics (" "=none, Y=yes, N=no)
. Default dollar sign (" "=none, Y=yes, N=no)
. Default parentheses on negatives (" "=none, Y=yes, N=no)
. Default percent sign (" "=none, Y=yes, N=no)
. Manual calculation setting (1=manual, 0=automatic)
. Global formula setting (1=formulas, 0=normal display)
. Top margin (1 to 99)
. Number of copies (1 to 999)


159











-








CALC FILE FORMAT


. Heading top line
. Heading bottom line
. Footing top line
. Footing bottom line
. Title locking pointers

As this product is enhanced, more special parameters will be added
at the end. The program checks for end-of-file as it loads, so if
some new parameters are missing, the module will still load. It
will use currently set defaults for the missing parameters. None of
these parameters are required for the spreadsheet to display, and
it is recommended that programs passing data to CALC not pass
these parameters unless it is absolutely necessary. Bad data in one
of the fields can cause unpredictable results.


Sample BASIC Subroutine
This routine demonstrates how a program might read a CALC
file. This routine puts the value of each numeric cell into a two-
dimensional array called TABLE#. The routine assumes that
housekeeping functions such as opening files, dimensioning arrays,
etc. have been performed earlier.

1000 LINE INPUT# DISKIN,LETTER$ 'Read letter.
IF LETTER$ = "END" THEN RETURN 'If END, exit.
LETTER = VAL(LETTER$) 'Convert to numeric.
LINE INPUT# DISKIN,LINE$ 'Input line number.
ROW = VAL(LINE$) 'Convert to numeric.
LINE INPUT# DISKIN,ATTRIBUTES$ 'Read attributes.
LINE INPUT# DISKIN,VALUE$ 'Read value of cell.
LINE INPUT# DISKIN,FORMULA$ 'Read formula.
TYPE$ = LEFT$(ATTRIBUTES$,1) 'Extract type code.
IF TYPE$ = "T" THEN RETURN 'Ignore text and
IF TYPE$ = " " THEN RETURN 'null fields.
TABLE#(LETTER,ROW) = VAL(VALUE$) 'Put number in table.
GOTO 1000 'Loop.






160











-








ENHANCEMENTS


____________________________________________________________________

VERSION NUMBERS
AND MAJOR ENHANCEMENTS


CALC 1.0 (January 1984)
. Enhanced /Print options: page length, titles, borders,
offset and setup.
. Added support for Home, End, Pg Up, Pg Down keys.
. Added new global command: Zeros-as-blanks.
. Added directory display to /Load and /Save commands.
. Added /Edit command.
. Added /Configure command.


CALC 2.0 (November 1984)
. Zero column width for "hidden" columns
. Sheet-to-sheet linkage allows data to be retrieved into a
spreadsheet from another spreadsheet, providing a
"3-dimensional" capability.
. Data in File Express or PC-File databases can be retrieved
directly into a cell. No limit to the number of databases
that can be accessed by a single spreadsheet.
. New formatting options:
. Center-justify
. Floating dollar sign
. Trailing percent sign
. Negatives in parentheses or with minus sign
. Horizontal bar graphs using ******
. Title locking - vertical, horizontal or both
. New print options:
. Output to printer or disk
. Dot commands for page breaks, conditional page breaks,
characters per inch (undocumented).
. Printer setup strings
. If...Then function (Nesting permitted)
. Configure for popular brands of printers




161











-








ENHANCEMENTS


. Math functions: Absolute value, Arctangent, Cosine, e to
the power of x, Integer, True integer, Natural log, Sign,
Sine, Square root and Tangent
. Statistical functions: Average, Count, Minimum, Maximum
. Net present value function
. Column width from 0 to 75
. Exponentiation in formulas
. 110 page reference manual

CALC 3.0 (September 1985)
. Faster calculation
. Faster screen display
. Uses all available RAM memory
. 64 columns by 256 lines
. Variable matrix: 256 x 64 to 1 x 9999
. Quotation mark not required on text
. Arrow keys terminate a field and move the cursor
. ESCAPE key now works like CONTROL-C
. Smart-cursor (automatic movement in previous direction)
. AND, OR, NOT logical operators; Modulo operator; % operator
. New functions: Random number, Lookup, Standard deviation,
Payment, Principal, Periods, Rate
. Alternate form of IF: IF x THEN y ELSE z
. Iterative recalculation option
. New formatting options:
. Horizontal bar graphs in three colors/characters
. Protect/Unprotect cells
. Hide cells
. Zero-blank cells
. Up to 12 decimals, or Floating, or Scientific (3E10)
. Exponential form (3E10) acceptable in formulas
. Smart keys
. KEYIN xxx, ON EXIT RUN pgm, TRANSLATE options
. /Global Formula option displays formulas on-screen
. .PRO file support
. /Arrange (Sort) command
. /Delete, File command
. /Load, Consolidate command




162











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ENHANCEMENTS


. New print options:
. Multiple line headings
. Multiple line footings
. Multiple copies
. Specify top margin
. Optional printer INIT string
. Printer functions: char-per-inch, lines-per-inch,
page break, conditional page break, NOPRINT, NOLF,
date/time/page number
. /Replicate option: Adjust ALL
. /Save files in DIF or MailMerge format
. Optionally rename old copy to filename.BAK
. /Load DIF files, MailMerge files, File Express databases or
PC-File databases
. Default drive and/or extension option



























163











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FILES ON CALC DISKS


____________________________________________________________________

FILES ON THE CALC DISKS

The following files are included on your CALC diskettes:

1. CALC.EXE: The CALC startup program. It must be on the
logged disk drive.

2. CALC2.EXE, CALC3.EXE, etc.: Overlay programs used by
CALC for functions such as printing, loading files, etc. They
must be on the currently logged disk drive.

3. CALC1.DOC, CALC2.DOC, etc.: The CALC User Guide in
four disk files. This is an evaluation copy of the guide,
provided so you can share the program with others. This file is
not needed to run CALC.

4. PRINTDOC.BAT: This batch file is used to print the
evaluation copy of the User Guide. This file is not needed to
run CALC.

5. CALC.MSG: The message file for CALC. It must be on the
currently logged disk drive, or CALC will not run.

6. EXAMPLE: Sample interest computation spreadsheet. This same
spreadsheet is described in the "Brief Tutorial" and in the
section on the Replicate Command (/R).

7. BW.PRO, 40.PRO, etc.: These are small profile files for running
CALC on a black-and-white monitor, 40-column screen, etc.
They are used in the "Getting Started" section.

8. RESPONSE: This is also a CALC worksheet, and it contains
a report similar to the User Response Form at the end of this
manual. You can either remove the pages from the manual, or
fill in the blanks on this spreadsheet and print it.





164











-








FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS


____________________________________________________________________

SOME FREQUENTLY
ASKED QUESTIONS

Q: What is your update policy?
A: All registered Expressware users will be notified by mail
when a new version of CALC becomes available. The cost of
an update is usually $15 (to registered users).

Q: Do you have any other programs you are distributing?
A: Yes. File Express, a powerful data base management program.

Q: What else are you working on?
A: A new graphics program, ExpressGraph, is almost completed, and
work is proceeding on an advanced report writer called PC-Report.
New versions of ExpressCalc and File Express are also in
development. In the section titled "User Response Form" we list
some future enhancements, and ask you to indicate which ones are
the most desirable to you. By filling out and returning the form,
you can help us decide which improvements should be made first.

Q: In what language was CALC written?
A: It was written in BASIC, then compiled with the Microsoft
Business BASIC Compiler. It also has some assembler subroutines.

Q: What computers does CALC run on?
A: Based on our users' responses, we know that CALC runs on
the following computers:

IBM PC COMPAQ Deskpro TANDY 1000
IBM XT COMPAQ Portable TANDY 1200
IBM PCjr CORONA TANDY 2000
IBM PC Portable ITT Xtra TAVA
IBM AT LEADING EDGE PC ZENITH Z-150
AT&T 6300 SANYO 555-2 ZENITH AT
COLUMBIA 1600 SANYO MBC Series

If you have tested CALC on another brand, please let us know,
and we will add it to the list.


165











-








DISTRIBUTION NOTICE


____________________________________________________________________

DISTRIBUTION NOTICE


Expressware is distributing CALC as a "SHAREWARE" product.
After trying the product, if you decide to use it, we trust you to
purchase the registered set.

You may obtain a production copy of CALC for $10 from your local
software dealer or directly from Expressware. The $10 disk set
contains a diskette with the complete CALC software, and a
supplemental diskette with the complete documentation, ready to be
printed on your own printer. The disk set also contains a $10 rebate
coupon to be used toward the purchase of the CALC registered set.

The complete CALC registered set is also available from software
dealers throughout the U.S. and Canada, or may be purchased directly
from Expressware. The registered set includes a commercially printed
copy of the User Guide, two diskettes and a user registration form.
Registered owners of CALC receive phone support on Expressware
products, newsletters, product announcements, and update service.

Whether or not you purchase a registered copy, you are still
encouraged to copy CALC and share it with your friends, with the
following restrictions:

. No charge is to be made for copying or distributing CALC. User
groups may make a small charge to cover the cost of disks and
copying, so long as the charge does not exceed $12. User Group
members must be notified of the Shareware concept and encouraged
to support it.

. CALC must be distributed as a complete set. No alterations may
be made to the files on the diskettes.

. The printed manual may not be copied or reproduced in any way.

. Commercial sale of CALC in any manner is prohibited without
Expressware's written permission.


166











-








USER RESPONSE FORM


____________________________________________________________________


USER RESPONSE FORM


We are always interested in knowing more about our users. This
information helps us to channel our efforts in the directions you
want. Please help us by completing the questionaire on the
following page and mailing it to:

Expressware
P. O. Box 230
Redmond, WA 98073


If you do not want to remove these pages from your manual, and a
copy machine is not readily available, there is a file on the
CALC diskette called RESPONSE which is a copy of this form.
The file is a CALC spreadsheet. Use the /Load command to load
it into CALC, then enter the requested information in the
appropriate cells. Use the /Print command to print the completed
questionaire.


If you filled out a questionaire for CALC Version 2.0, we would
appreciate hearing from you again, especially regarding the
features you would like to see in Version 4.0. However, if you have
sent a questionaire before, please mark the box indicating such,
and skip questions 2 through 5.












167











-








USER RESPONSE FORM


1. Have you sent a User Response Form in the past? Yes:___ No: ___
If yes, please skip questions 2 through 5 below.

2. Where did you hear about CALC? _____________________________

3. System being used to run CALC:

a) Computer brand/model? _______________________________________

b) Amount of computer memory? ________________________________

c) Type of disk? ________________________________________________

d) Monochrome or color display? _________________________________

e) 40 or 80 column display? _____________________________________

f) Printer brand/model? _________________________________________

4. For what types of applications do you use CALC?

________________________________________________________________

5. ____ Registered user ____ Non-registered user

(If you are a non-registered user, we are interested in knowing
why. Is the price too high? Is CALC missing features you need?)

6. Version of CALC you use: ____ 1.0 ____ 2.0 ____ 3.0

7. Which database manager do you use? _____________________________

8. Which word processor do you use? _______________________________

9. Name and address (optional): ____________________________________

____________________________________

____________________________________



168











-








USER RESPONSE FORM


10.Here are some of the enhancements to CALC that are planned.
Help us prioritize these enhancements. Put a "1" on each feature
you would find useful. Put a "2" on any you feel are important,
and a "3" on those you feel are absolutely essential.

___ Help screens.
___ Split screen or "window" command.
___ Faster calculation.
___ Faster screen display.
___ Faster load/save.
___ Faster Xternal access.
___ Larger spreadsheet matrix.
___ Spreadsheet on disk if memory fills (virtual memory).
___ Formulas larger than 74 characters.
___ Command files or macros.
___ Internal rate of return function.
___ Calendar/time functions and arithmetic.
___ Password security/encryption.
___ Natural or topological recalculation.
___ Graphics.
___ 8087 support.
___ Global search; search and replace.
___ Cell-finding with arrows when entering formulas.
___ Future value function.
___ Depreciation functions.
___ /Move command.
___ Underline, boldface formatting options.
___ Cell naming, Range naming.
___ Median and modal average.
___ Pathnames in file name references.
___ Word wrap.
___ Percentile ranking.
___ Undo command.
___ Calculator mode.
___ Sideways printing.
___ ____________________________________________
___ ____________________________________________
___ ____________________________________________
___ ____________________________________________



169











-








USER RESPONSE FORM


11.If you find a bug in CALC, an error in the documentation, or
you just have a suggestion for doing it a better way, we would
like to hear from you. Please write your comments here, or
attach a separate sheet.

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________

________________________________________________




170











-








ORDER FORM


____________________________________________________________________

Expressware
P.O. Box 230
Redmond WA 98073
(Qty & Dealer discounts avl.)
PRICE PRICE
PRODUCT QTY EACH EXTENDED

ExpressCalc Version 3.0
Diskettes Only ___ $10.00 $_______

Registered Set ___ $49.00 $_______


File Express Version 3.0
Diskettes Only ___ $10.00 $_______

Registered Set ___ $40.00 $_______

If shipping UPS COD, add $2.00 $_______

Washington residents add 8.1% sales tax $_______


TOTAL: $_______

Please make check (US funds only) payable to: Expressware

MasterCard:____ Visa:____ Card Number: __________________

Expiration date: __________ Signature: ____________________

Name: ____________________________________________

Address: ____________________________________________

City: _________________________ State: ___ Zip: ________

Country: ________________ Phone Number: _________________


171











-





















































172











-








Index


____________________________________________________________________

A
ABS Function 25
absolute value 25
accumulate numbers 128
add numbers 128
adding a line 69
addition 12
Alphabetical reference 23
ALT key 106
amortization
PAYMENT 97
PERIODS 99
PRINCIPAL 101
RATE 112
AND operator 12
angle
arctangent 31
cosine 42
sine 125
tangent 129
arctangent function 31
ARRANGE command 26
array size 37
arrows 16
ascending sequence 26
ASCII
codes to printer 106
file, reading 75
sort 26
asterisks, bar graph 55
at sign 14
ATN function 31
automatic calculation 61
automatic cursor 62
AVERAGE function 32





173











-








Index



B
background colors 36, 149
bad file 77
bargraph 55, 58
bargraph configuration 150
base e 79
BASIC routine 160
black and white 140
BLANK command 33
blank screen 37
blank zeros 62
block of cells, blanking 33
Boolean operator 12, 13
border
color 36
option 60
printing 104
brackets 142
bugs, reporting 170


C
calculation 60
disabling 61
sequence 60
cell attributes 155
cell
block of 115
contents 11
cursor 6
definition 6
center-justification 53
centering 53
changing configuration 35, 139
characters per inch
39, 44, 106, 143, 149
circular reference 61
clear spreadsheet 138
color


174











-








Index


configuring 36
graphics board 3
monitor 3, 4
screen 140-142, 144-145
column
hidden 53
inserting 69
size 53
width 46, 53, 78, 159
column-wise calculation 60
combine spreadsheets 76
comma, terminating field 20
Command Processor 22
command
Arrange 26
Blank 33
Configure 35
Delete 46
Edit 48
Format 52
Global 60
Insert 69
Load 75
Print 103
Quit 109
Replicate 114
Save 120
Title 130
Xternal 132
Zap 138
commas in numbers 53
compatible computers 165
complement 12
compressed print 44
computer clubs 166
computers, runs on 165
conditional page 94





175











-








Index


conditional testing 64
CONFIGURE command 35
configuring 139
global defaults 56
smart keys 37
printer 38
save 38
conjunction 12
consolidate 76
Control keys 16
copy cells 114
copying PC-CALC 166
correct formula 48
correct text 48
COS function 42
cosine function 42
COUNT function 43
CPI function 44
CPI 39, 44, 106, 143, 149
Ctrl-C key 16
cursor
automatic 62
color 36
movement 16
smart 62
Customizing PC-CALC 139


D
Data Interchange 120
database, reading 75, 132
date and time 72
decimal places 52
defaults
configuring 139
numbers 12






176











-








Index


degrees
arctangent 31
cosine 42
sine 125
tangent 129
DELETE command 46
delete
column 46
contents of cell 33
file 46
key 20
line 20, 46
row 46
spreadsheet 46
descending sequence 26
descending sort 26
deviation 127
DIF file
reading 75
saving 120
directory display 75, 120
discount rate 92
disjunction 12
disk
load spreadsheet 75
printed output 104
save spreadsheet 120
diskette drive 3
diskette files 164
display contents 48
display directory 75, 120
division 12
dollar sign 53
double spacing 104
double-sided diskette 3
down arrow 18






177











-








Index


E
e, natural logarithm 50, 79
EDIT command 48
end key 19
end of spreadsheet 21
end PC-CALC 109
enhancements 161
ENTER key 20
entering text 146
entry line 7
color 36
Epson printer 39, 105
equal sign 21
erase
cell 33
column 46
row 46
spreadsheet 138
to end of field 20
ERROR 85, 86, 133
ESC key 8, 19, 148
Escape key 8, 19, 148
exclamation point 21
exit 109
EXP function 50
exponent 14, 53
exponential form 14
exponential function 50
exponentiation 12, 13
external references 132


F
features, new 161
FICA example 67







178











-








Index


file
format 154
loading 75
names 75, 120, 164
PC-CALC 75, 120
saving 120
File Express database 171
reading 75, 133
files on disk 164
FIX function 51
flickering screen 40
floating dollar sign 53
foreground colors 36
form advance 94
form feed 94
FORMAT command 52
format
bar graph 55
commas in numbers 53
decimals 52
dollar sign 53
global default 57
global settings 56
justify 53
memory usage 56
percent sign 54
format, file 154
formula 61
entering 7, 12
forward reference 61
freeing memory, Blank 33
frequent questions 165
function keys 38









179











-








Index


function
absolute value 25
arctangent 31
average 32
cosine 42
COUNT 43
CPI 44
exponential 50
fixed 51
INT 71
integer 51, 71
KEYWORD 72
LOG 79
LOOKUP 80
LPI 84
MAX 85
maximum number 85
MIN 86
minimum number 86
net present value 92
NOLF 87
NOPRINT 89
NPV 92
PAGE 94
PAYMENT 97
PERIODS 99
PRINCIPAL 101
RANDOM 110
RATE 112
sign 124
sine 125
square root 126
STDEV 127
SUM 128
table lookup 80
tangent 129
trigonometric 31, 42, 125
future enhancements 169




180











-








Index


G
getting started 4
GLOBAL command 22, 60
global
defaults 60
formula 61, 62
options 60
settings 60
go to coordinate 21
graph, bar 55, 150


H
hard copy 103
HDR files 75
header record 154
height of screen 40
hidden cells 53
hidden column 2
hide cells 53
high-speed mode 18
home key 19
horizontal titles 130


I
IF command 64
import database 75
insert characters 20
INSERT command 20, 69
insert key 20, 142
insert line 20, 64
installing PC-CALC 4
INT function 71
integer function 71
interest rate 112
interest, computing 8
invoice example 82, 89
iterations 144, 150
iterative calculation 150


181











-








Index


J
jump to
cell 17, 21
end of spreadsheet 19
top of spreadsheet 19
justification, default 53
justify 53


K
keyboard
configuring 37, 142, 147
conventions 16
input 22
macros 37
KEYIN 148
keys
alternate 16
cell cursor 16
entry line 16
keystrokes 22
KEYWORD function 72


L
language 165
largest number 85
learning 6
leave PC-CALC 109
left margin, print 104
left-justify 53
line spacing 84, 143
lines per inch 84, 143
LOAD command 75
loading a file 75







182











-








Index


loan
amount, principal 101
payment 97
periods 99
principal 101
term 99
lock/protect cells 54
locking titles 130
LOG function 79
logarithm 79
logged disk drive 75, 120
logical function 64
logical operator 12
longer spreadsheet 37
LOOKUP function 80
LPI function 84
LPI 84, 143


M
macros, smart key 37
mail-merge file 75, 120
major enhancements 161
mantissa 14, 53
manual calculation 61
mathematical number e 50, 79
matrix, configuring 37
MAX function 85
maximum columns 37
maximum value 85
maximums 11
mean average 32
memory
available 11
clearing 138
format 56
required 3
message line 8
color 36



183











-








Index


Microsoft BASIC 151, 165
military time 73
MIN function 86
minimum configuration 3
minimum value 86
mismatched parentheses 14
modify cell contents 48
modulo 13
monitor
color 3
monochrome 3, 4
MSDOS 3
multiple copies 166
multiple databases 135
multiplication 12


N
natural logarithm 79
negative numbers 54, 124
nested IF 64
net present value 92
new line 69
new spreadsheet 138
no line feed 87
NOLF function 87
non-destructive cursor 19
non-IBM computers 4, 165
non-print zeros 62
NOPRINT function 89
NOT operator 13
NPV function 92
numbers, entering 8


O
offset 103
old cursor 145
on exit run 144
operating system 3


184











-








Index


operators
arithmetic 12
two in a row 14
optimize memory 150
optional fields 159
OR operator 13
order form 171
ordering software 171
output to disk 120
overprinting 87


P
page down key 19
PAGE function 94
page length 103
page number 72
page offset 103
page up key 19
page width 103
parentheses
in formulas 14
mismatched 14
nested 14
on negative numbers 54
PAYMENT function 97
PC-File database 75, 133
PCDOS 3
percent sign 13, 54
percentage operator 13
PERIODS function 99
permanent configuration 39
permission to copy 166
pg dn key 16
pg up key 16
policy, updates 165
positive number 25





185











-








Index


precedence
arithmetic 13
math 13
overriding 13
sort 27
precision, decimals 52
present value 92
prices, software 171
PRINCIPAL function 101
PRINT command 103
print
double spacing 103
left margin 103
offset 103
setup 104
to disk 104
wide reports 104
printed output 103
printer
configuring 39, 106, 143
fonts 44
spacing 84
printing border 103
printing spreadsheet 103
profile commands 139
profile files 139
programming language 165
protect cells 54


Q
question & answer 165
QUIT command 109
quote on text 146








186











-








Index


R
radians
arctangent 31
cosine 42
sine 125
tangent 129
RANDOM function 110
random number 110
RATE function 112
rate, interest 112
read database 132
rearranging screen 35
recalculation
automatic 61
manual 61
reconfiguring PC-CALC 35
reference, alphabetic 23
relational operator 13, 64
remainder 12
remove column 46
remove data from cell 33
remove row 46
remove sign 25
REPLICATE command 114
report to disk 104
report, printed 103
reporting bugs 167
requirements 3
resequencing 26
reset defaults 138
response form 167
RETURN key 18
return to DOS 109
retype 48
right-justify 53
root, square 126
ROUND function 119
rounding numbers 119




187











-








Index


row
inserting 69
sort 29
row-wise calculation 60


S
Sample BASIC routine 160
SAVE command 10, 120
save configuration 39
saving a file 120
scientific notation 12, 52
screen colors 142, 149
screen configuration 142, 144
screen
blank 40
flicker 40
height 35, 40
layout 36
width 35
scrolling screen 18
secondary key 26
secondary sort 28
sequencing 26
setting decimals 52
setting colors 36
setup, printer 39, 105
SGN function 124
sign function 25
SIN function 125
sine function 125
skip print line 89
skip to new page 94
slash character 22
slow calculation 61
slow screen 40
smallest number 86
smart cursor 62, 145
smart keys 37



188











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Index


sort 26
configuring 144, 151
precedence 27
sequence 152
spreadsheet
loading 75
saving 120
SQR function 126
square root 126
standard deviation 127
STDEV function 127
stream of flows 92
subtraction 12
SUM function 9, 128
suppress line feed 87
suppres print line 89
system options 60
system requirements 3


T
table lookup 80
TAN function 129
tangent function 129
tax table lookup 81
term of loan 99
test scores 68
text
entering 7, 8
overlapping 7
time and date 72
TITLE command 130
title locking 130
toggle border on/off 60
toggling insert 20
Toshiba printer 39
total numbers 128
trailing percent sign 54
translate 147



189











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Index


trigonometric function
arctangent 31
cosine 42
sine 125
true integer 71
tutorial 6


U
unlock/unprotect 54
unprotect cells 54
up arrow 18
update policy 165
user response 167


V
valid file names 76, 121
value, entering 8
version numbers 161
vertical titles 130
video RAM 40


W
what if 9
whole number 71
wider spreadsheet 37
width, column 53
WS files 75, 120


X
XTERNAL command 132


Z
ZAP command 8, 138
zero-blank 56, 62
zeros as spaces 56


190


  3 Responses to “Category : Databases and related files
Archive   : XCALC315.ZIP
Filename : CALC4.DOC

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