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Module 8
Embedded Basic
Materials Required for Module
r MS Access Basic: An Introduction to Programming
ModuleObjectives
Lesson 1 - MS Access Basic and the Immediate Windows
Upon completion of this lesson you will be able to:
r Define the terms: MS Access Basic, function, and sub.
r Create a new module and save it as a text file.
Lesson 2 - Writing a New Function
Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
r Create and compile a function which accepts arguments.
r Add comments to a function.
Lesson 3 - MS Access Basic Fundamentals
Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
r Set variables.
r Create decision and loop structures.
Lesson 4 - Debugging Your MS Access Basic Code
Upon completion of this lesson, you will be able to:
r Define compilation, run-time, and logic errors.
r Single step through a procedure.
r Run code in the Immediate Window.
Lesson 1
MS Access Basic and the Module Window
Reading Assignment:
r MS Access Basic Chapter 1: MS Access Basic and the Module Window.
As You Read
r If you are not an experienced programmer the idea of learning to write MS Access Basic code may seem intimidating at first. However, MS Access offers a lot of help. There is example code in On-Line Help, a programmer's reference which documents each function, and, best of all, a manual designed to teach you the basics. As you work through the reading assignments try each example. The more you code the simpler it will seem.
Exercises
1) What is a procedure?
2) What is the difference between a function and a sub?
3) What hot-key lists all modules and procedures in the database?
4) Can more than one person work on a module at the same time and save changes to it without overwriting each other's code?
5) How do you save a module as a text file?
6) How do you import a module that you have saved out as a text file?
Try This
1) Create a new module.
2) Place your cursor in the string Option Compare Text.
3) Press F1 for Help.
4) What is the purpose of the string Option Compare Text?
5) If you leave this statement out what is the default for MS Access?
6) Close Help and return to the new module.
Lesson 2
Writing a New Function
Reading Assignment:
r MS Access BasicChapter 2: Writing a New Function
As You Read
You can create custom functions and use them just like you can use the functions provided by MS Access. This allows you to quickly find information and can make reporting and data entry quicker. For example, a research group enters numeric test results in base 16 but wants to create reports which reflect the equivalent numbers in base 8. Instead of entering the conversion formula in each control of each report and form where that information will be needed, they might create an Embedded Basic function which they can call from anywhere in their database. What are some custom functions you might use?
Hint: Help contains a reference of the MS Access functions
Exercises
Answer These
1) What is the limit on the length of a function name?
2 Can you have spaces in function, argument, variable, or constant names in MS Access?
3) What do you assign the results of a function to in order to have it return a value?
5) What is wrong with the following line of code:
DueDate = DateSerial 'That's a MS Access function' (Year(anyDate), 1, 1)
Try This
1) Open a module.
2) Create the following function:
Function Sum() MsgBox "Hello" End Function
3) In the Immediate Window enter "X=Sum()". What happened?
4) Create a new form. Add an unbound text box. Enter "=Sum()". What happened? Why?
Lesson 3
MS Access Basic Fundamentals
Reading Assignment:
r MS Access Basic Chapter 3: MS Access Basic Essentials
As You Read
r Does it matter what you call your variables? Imagine that you want to create three different MS Access Basic procedures that you will call from a form. The first will calculate the average stock price for the month, the second returns your total investment, and the third calculates the percentage of return on your investment. There are several variable names that you might want to use in all three of these procedures. Current_Date, Current_Price, Start_Date, End_Date, SubTotal, Next, etc. You could declare these as global variables, making them accessable to all procedures but what limit does MS Access place on the amount of global variables?
If you were to make your modules available to your co-workers it is very likely that they might already have used the variables Start_Date, End_Date, or SubTotal in their own procedures.
Exercises
1) How would you declare a variable called Monthend?
2) Do you have to specify a data type when you declare variables in MS Access Basic?
3) What types of data can the Variant data type store?
4) What does the DoCmd statement do?
5) What number specifies the object type for modules?
6) What are the commands that you cannot execute with the DoCmd statement? Next to each list the MS Access Basic Equivalent that you would use instead.
7) Can you use the GoTo() function in a sub procedure?
8) If you declare a Function as Private can you call it from a form or report?
9) What is the value of Total after the following code is executed?
Total = 0
If Total Then Total = -1
Total = Total +1
If Total Then Total = Total - 2
Exercises
10) What is the value of Total after the following code is executed?
Total = 0 If Total Then Total = 10 ElseIf Total < 1 Then Total = 100 Else Total = 1000 End If
11) What message will be displayed when the following code is run?
Total = 7 Select Case Total Case 1,2 MsgBox "Have a nice day" Case 3,4,5 MsgBox "Good Morning" Case 6 MsgBox "Good Bye" Case Else MsgBox "Good Evening" End Select
12) What is the value of Total after the following code is executed?
Total = 10 ' -------- a Do Loop Do Until Total > 0 Total = Total - 1 Loop ' -------- another Do Loop Do Total = Total - 1 Loop Until Total > 0
Exercises
13) In the example on page 11, if there were 15 forms loaded when this function was executed how many times would the For Loop execute?
14) What statement could be placed within the statement block following If Forms(i).Name = Form.Name Thenthat would cause the execution of this function to stop as soon as IsLoaded was set to True?
Lesson 4
Debugging Your MS Access Basic Code
Reading Assignment
r MS Access Basic Chapter 4: Debugging Your MS Access Basic Code
As You Read
r If you learn nothing else about MS Access Basic you will want to be able to use the debugging tools quickly and effectively and understand the different types of error messages and their causes. Customers don't often call just to share the elegance of a section of code they have written; they call when it breaks and they don't understand the steps they need to take in order to fix it.
Exercises
1) What is a compilation error?
2) What is a run-time error?
3) What is a logic error?
4) What does the Options Explicit statement do?
5) What will cause MS Access Basic to stop execution?
6) What happens to suspended procedures when you choose Reinitialize from the Run menu?
7) If your code is halted at a breakpoint, has the current statement (the one outlined) been executed?
8) Can you save breakpoint setting from one session of MS Access to the next?
9) How do you start the execution of your code on a specific line?
Exercises
Try This
1) Open a new module
2) Create a global variable Total:
"Dim Total"
3) Create a sub procedure call Add_Ten by typing Sub Add_Ten() in the main Module window.
4) Focus automatically changes to the Sub Procedure window for Add_Ten.
5) Declare a local variable Temp_Total, set it to 10 and then add it to Total. Include two Debug.Print statements so that you print the value of Total both before and after adding Temp_Total to it:
Sub Add_Ten ()
Dim Temp_Total
Debug.Print "total is: "; Str(Total)
Temp_Total = 10
Total = Total + Temp_Total
Debug.Print "total is: "; Str(Total)
End Sub
6) Compile your procedure to make sure you entered everything correctly.
7) Switch to the Immediate Window and run your procedure by typing Add_Ten and pressing Enter. What is the ending value of Total?
8) Enter Add_Ten again. What is the value of Total?
9) Choose Reinitialize from the Run Menu.
10) Enter ?Total. What is the value of Total now?
On-Your-Own Lab
Since many of the people in your Address Book database do not have any dependents you may not want to always see the Dependents sub-form. In this lab you will create a module which automatically hides the embedded Dependents sub-forms each time the user moves to a new record. You will also place a button on the New Record Entry form which will allow the user to display the Dependents sub-form if they need to enter a new Dependent or view existing one.
1) To verify that you can thoroughly test your MS Access Basic code verify that you have at least one record with no Dependents in your database.
2) Open the New Record Entry form in Edit mode. After you have found out what the Control Name of the embedded sub-form is, switch to Browse mode.
3) Start a new module and save it as "Record Entry Controls".
4) In the main module window enter "Sub Hide_SubForm" to start the first sub procedure.
5) Enter Forms![New Record Entry]!Embedded0.Visible = 0
6) In the Immediate Windows enter "Hide_SubForm" and verify that the sub-form is no longer visible in New Record Entry.
7) In the main module window enter "Sub Show_SubForm" to start the second procedure.
8) Enter Forms![New Record Entry]!Embedded0.Visible = 1 and execute the Show_SubForm procedure in the Immediate Window to verify that the sub-form is now visible.
9) You cannot execute sub procedures from Forms or Reports, only functions. Now you need to create functions which will start each of the procedures you just tested so that you can use them with your form. Create a new Hide() function and enter the statement Hide_SubForm. Then create a function Show() which executes the sub procedure Show_SubForm.
10) You now see five options when you drop down the procedure list: (declarations), Hide, Hide_SubForm, Show, and Show_SubForm.
11) Save your work, activate the New Record Entry form, and switch to Design Mode.
12) Add a command button to your form with the caption "Enter New Dependents" and the OnPush property "=Show()".
13) Click on the gray area to the right or below your form to display the Form properties. Type =Hide() for the property which is applied before each new record is displayed.
The PSS Challenge
The report Alphabetical List of Products prints the Left character of each group of product. To troubleshoot it create code which will print out the entire product name each time the leftmost character is calculated. The following example has two mistakes in it. What are they?
Sub Debug_Report () Debug.Print [Product Name] End Sub
When would you want to enter Options Explicit in the declarations section of your modules?
Instructor-Led Class
Microsoft Access
PSS Worldwide Training Page page \* arabic1 of numpages 16 Module 8
Module Title Student Workbook
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Microsoft Access
Microsoft Access
Microsoft Access
Module Title Student Workbook
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Microsoft Access
Microsoft Access
Module Title Student Workbook
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Module Title Student Workbook
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Module Title Student Workbook
EMBED WordArt \s \* mergeformat
Microsoft Access
Microsoft Access
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