SD: IBM-PC SORTED DIRECTORY UTILITY V6.2

Copyright (C) 1986-89 By John F. Stetson

SHAREWARE - All Rights Reserved

1.0 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Program Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Design Philosophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Distribution Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.4 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2.0 OVERVIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.1 Modes of Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.2 Command Line Syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2.3 Controlling Program Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.4 Summary of Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.5 Examples of Use . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

3.0 FILE SELECTION AND SORTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.1 File Selection By Attribute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.2 File Selection By Date . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.3 ARC and ZIP File Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.4 Global Subdirectory Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.5 Sort Field Selection Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

4.0 OUTPUT FORMAT CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.1 Output Mode Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
4.2 Output Toggle Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.3 Filename Column Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4.4 EGA and VGA Switches . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

5.0 SYSTEM INFORMATION SUMMARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.1 System Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5.2 System Memory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5.3 Disk Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
5.4 VSN Utility Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

6.0 SPECIAL ENVIRONMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6.1 Batch File Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
6.2 Multitasking Environments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
6.3 Local Area Networks and OS/2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

7.0 MEMORY RESIDENT VERSION (SDR) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
7.1 Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
7.2 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
7.3 Activation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
7.4 Execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
7.5 Termination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7.6 Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
7.7 Switch Differences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
7.8 Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
7.9 Error Messages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

8.0 CUSTOMIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
8.1 Configuring the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
8.2 SDC Configuration Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
8.3 Patch Area Format . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46

9.0 APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
9.1 Error Messages and Return Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
9.2 Modification History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
9.3 Product Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Program Requirements

This is a user-supported SHAREWARE product. Please see the section
titled Product Support at the end of this document for details.

SD.COM is a Sorted Directory utility program which operates on IBM-PC
compatible computer systems using the IBM PC-DOS or Microsoft MS-DOS
Operating System Version 2.0 through 4.0 and also under the IBM and
Microsoft OS/2 Operating System in the DOS 3.X compatibility mode. A
memory resident (TSR) version called SDR.COM is also provided.

This version of the program requires about 16Kb of disk space and
about 32-64Kb of memory during execution, depending on the number
of files and directories being processed.

Current program limitations are about 625 total directories when
processing global directories, about 1525 files per directory, and about
1315 files per ARC or ZIP file, assuming 64Kb of memory is available.

File sizes up to 100Mb and disk sizes up to 1000Mb are fully supported.

Support is provided for IBM-PC compatible MDA, CGA, MCGA, EGA, and VGA
video adaptors and monitors.

1.2 Design Philosophy

SD provides more information than the resident DOS DIR command about the
files on a disk, and allows the user to select, sort, format, and
display the information in a variety of ways. This is accomplished by
specifying a pattern name to select the desired files and by specifying
any of a variety of command line "switches" which allow you to modify
the behavior of the program. The switch names have been designed using
letters, as much as possible, so that it is easier to associate the
function of a switch with its name. In addition, the default switch
values have been carefully chosen to reflect their most common use.

Although the program is relatively small, it is possible to use it in an
almost infinite variety of ways by using the switches in different
combinations. A significant amount of effort has gone into optimizing
the performance of the program, due to the number of times it is
typically used. The program is designed to be as transparent as
possible in normal operation, and does not impose itself between the
user and the operating system. This allows both novice and
experienced users to use it in the way that best meets their needs.

As a default, the program writes output directly to video display memory
which results in noticeably faster output than that possible with DOS.
Output can still be redirected to an output device or file by specifying
the standard DOS redirection symbol (>) on the DOS command line.

Maximum possible use is made of the horizontal dimension of the screen
to minimize the loss of previously displayed data by screen scrolling.

Support is provided for a variety of file selection attributes.

Support is provided for a variety of screen display formats with varying
amounts of detailed file information displayed.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 2

A variety of user customizable command line switches and screen field
display colors are also supported.

Every effort has been made to keep the size of the program to a minimum,
for efficient use on systems having floppy disks. However, many of the
capabilities of both DOS and this program are only fully realized when
using large hard (fixed) disks with hierarchical directory structures
to organize files.

Two of the most valuable resources in a computer system are memory and
disk storage. Many applications make little or no attempt to use these
resources efficiently. Not only does this program attempt to provide
many useful (and hopefully frequently used) capabilities in an efficient
package, but it can be used to manage the system memory and disk space
so that they are used to best advantage.

1.3 Distribution Files

The SD program and associated files are distributed in the form of an
archive file called SD62.ARC or SD62.ZIP. This is done to save disk
space and time when transferring files over Computer Bulletin Board
systems and to insure the integrity of the files. You will need a
utility program (ARC or PKUNZIP) which is capable of extracting the
files from the distribution file. These types of programs are normally
available from most Computer Bulletin Boards or Software Libraries.

The distribution file contains the following files:

SD .COM - Executable File for SD - Sorted Directory Utility
SDR .COM - Executable File for SDR - Memory Resident Version of SD
VSN .COM - Executable File for VSN - Volume Serial Number Utility
SD .DOC - Documentation File for SD, SDR, SDC, and VSN
SD .PIF - Microsoft Windows PIF File for SD

SDB .BAT - Batch File - Browse SD Output Using LIST Program
SDD .BAT - Batch File - Execute SD Commands for Multiple Drives
SDM .BAT - Batch File - Execute SD with Multiple Command Parameters

DEMO .BAT - Batch File Demonstrating the SD Program
DEMO2 .BAT - Batch File Demonstrating Related Products
DEMO3-6 .COM - Executable Files Called By DEMO2.BAT
ORDER .FRM - Order and Registration Form
SITE .FRM - Site License Agreement Form

The following file is also provided when you register SD:

SDC .EXE - Executable File for SDC - Configuration Program

The following source code files are also available separately:

SD .ASM - Assembly Language Source File for SD
SDR .ASM - Assembly Language Source File for SDR
VSN .ASM - Assembly Language Source File for VSN
SDC .BAS - BASIC Language Source File for SDC

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 3

1.4 Installation

Copy the .BAT and .COM files from the distribution file to the root
directory of the system boot disk (normally C:\) or to another directory
of your choice which is specified in the DOS PATH command in the file
AUTOEXEC.BAT.

The best way to quickly familiarize yourself with the features and
capabilities of SD is to run the DEMO.BAT file. For best results, copy
the DEMO.BAT file to the root directory of the system boot disk, make
sure this is the default directory (type CD C:\), and type the command:

DEMO

You can optionally specify a target drive and/or directory for the files
to be displayed. For example:

DEMO D: or DEMO D:\BIGDIR

You can also run the demonstration in "quick mode", where you will be
able to see the program running at full speed, without user prompts:

DEMO C:\ /Q

Only the files in the target directory and its subdirectories will be
processed, so it is best to specify the root directory of the drive in
order to be able to access a large number of files. The demonstration
is designed to be run with a copy of the distributed SD.COM file, before
any program defaults are changed by the user. This demonstration simply
displays information about the computer system and the files on the
selected disk; it does not write anything to the disk.

Once you are familiar with SD, you may wish to run the DEMO2.BAT file
for a quick demonstration of several related products. See the
section titled Product Support for additional information.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 4

2.0 OVERVIEW

2.1 Modes of Operation

SD is a versatile program that can be used in a variety of ways:

The most common use is to simply display information about files (and
subdirectories) in a single (usually the current) directory. Most of
the sort field switches are used in this mode.

The program can be used to display detailed information about the
system hardware configuration, the availability and current use of
different kinds of system memory and fundamental disk characteristics.
The /i switch is used in this mode.

The program can be used to search or scan all (or a subset) of the
ARC and/or ZIP files on a disk for one or more files which meet the
specified criteria (file name pattern or age). This processing makes
effective use of ARC and ZIP compressed files by allowing easy access to
ARC and ZIP directories. The /a and /z switches are used in this mode.

The program can be used to search or scan all (or a subset) of the
directories on a disk for one or more files or directories which meet
the specified criteria (file name pattern, file attributes, or age).
The /g switch is used in this mode.

The program can be used to display a graphical directory tree map of all
(or a subset) of the directories on a disk which meet the specified
criteria (file name pattern or age). The /m switch is used in this mode.

The program can be used to create an output file by redirecting console
output which may be subsequently used as input to another program. The
/r switch can be used in this mode, but is optional since the program
will automatically detect the use of DOS command line redirection.

2.2 Command Line Syntax

The complete form of the DOS command line to run the program is:

D>sd [drive][path][filespec] [/switches] [>[>]device/file]

In most cases, only one or two parameters are specified, so the command
syntax isn't as formidable as it may appear at first. Each of the
command line parameters is optional (as the [] characters indicate) and
may be used together in any combination or order. Spaces may also be
freely used at any point to improve readability. The various command
line parameters are described below:

[drive]

This parameter specifies the name of the disk drive to be processed.
Typical drive letters are A: or B: for floppy disks and C: for a hard
disk. RAM (memory) disks implemented via device drivers may also be
specified, as can other types of disks, such as CD-ROM drives or logical
Network drives. If no drive letter is specified, the currently logged-in
drive (shown in the DOS prompt) is used.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 5

[path]

This parameter specifies the path through the hierarchical directory
structure to the desired directory which contains the files to be
processed. The general form of the path parameter is shown below:

[\][directory][\directory]...[\directory][\]

The path name may simply be the name of the root directory (\), or the
name of a subdirectory in the root directory. The standard DOS . and ..
directory names may be used to refer to the current and parent
directories, respectively. If a path is not specified, the current
directory on the specified disk drive is used. If the path name is the
first parameter on the DOS command line after the program name, then
they must be separated by a space.

[filespec]

This parameter specifies which file names are to be selected for
processing from the previously specified directory (if any). A complete
(unambiguous) file name may be specified, or an ambiguous file name,
containing "wildcard" characters (? or *) may be specified to select
several files. Either the file name (first 8 characters) or the file
extension (last 3 characters) or both may be completely omitted. In
these cases, wildcard characters are automatically used to match all
possible file names in the selected directory. You may specify leading
characters of the file names you wish to match, omitting the trailing
characters of the name, the period delimiter, and the file extension. In
this respect, SD processes file specifications differently than DIR.

For example: SD ABC is equivalent to DIR ABC*.*

If you specify a filespec which exactly matches a subdirectory name,
then only the files in the subdirectory will be selected. If you wish
to select other files in the parent directory with leading characters
the same as the subdirectory name, you must use the following notation:

Instead of SD ABC, use SD ABC*, where ABC is a subdirectory name.

[/switches]

This parameter specifies one or more "switch" or option values which
modify the operation of the command. All switches are optional and may
be specified before the drive, path, and filespec, after them, or both
before and after. Each switch has a default value which has been
carefully selected to represent the most frequently used option for
most users. Specifying a switch overrides or "toggles" the current or
default value of that command option. The SDC program can be used
to change the default values of the switches, or they can be patched
using the standard DOS DEBUG utility program. If you find that you
frequently wish to override a default switch value, you can permanently
change the default switch value by using either of these methods.
If a default switch value is overridden, specification of that option
will toggle the option back to its original state, if appropriate.
Detailed descriptions of all switches are given below.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 6

[>[>]device/file]

This parameter is actually a standard feature of DOS called redirection
of output to the "standard output" (STDOUT) device. This allows the
console output generated by the program to be transmitted to either
another device (usually the printer device: PRN), or to a disk file. By
redirecting the output of the command to a file, you can later use the
file as input to a word processor, disk catalog system, etc. If this
parameter is specified, the program will automatically detect this and
will use standard DOS console output services rather than writing
directly to video display memory.

2.3 Controlling Program Output

Unlike most programs, you can't type ahead while the program is running.
This is due to the need to monitor the keyboard in order to pause the
screen output. If you wish to begin typing a new command, simply press
ESCAPE or CTRL-C to terminate the output, and then type the next
command. ESCAPE causes the program to terminate immediately, whereas
CTRL-C closes the file box and displays the disk space totals line.

Console output may be paused by pressing any other key and may be
restarted in two different ways. If the RETURN or PAGE-DOWN key is
pressed, screen output resumes until the either the screen fills or the
output finishes. If any other key is pressed, only a single line of
additional screen output is displayed. This allows you to easily
control the displayed output so as to minimize the loss of existing
screen data by scrolling. The Space Bar or the DOWN-ARROW key is
recommended for use in single line scrolling mode.

As an experiment, try typing the command SD, immediately followed by
two carriage returns. You will see only one line of output and can use
the space bar to display additional lines. When you have seen enough,
press the ESCAPE key to terminate the program. By carefully selecting
the proper switch values and using this technique, you can minimize the
loss of previously displayed information on the display screen.

If /q is specified, the console output isn't paused when the screen
fills. This is necessary when redirecting output to a file or device,
or when you wish to browse through large amounts of output.

Output lines which are longer than the current screen width (usually 80
columns) are truncated at the right screen margin when writing to video
display memory, but not when redirecting output to a file or device.

Program output may be sent to a printer in several different ways:

You can use the technique of "echoing" console output to the printer by
pressing either Control-P or Control-Print-Screen to start and stop.

You can use the technique of printing the entire contents of the screen
by pressing Shift-Print-Screen.

You can use the technique of redirecting all program output to the
printer by using the DOS command line redirection symbol and the printer
device name: SD ... >PRN

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 7

2.4 Summary of Switches

/s - Select all files and directories
/sd - Select Directories only (no files)
/sf - Select Files only (no directories)
/ss - Select files with the System attribute
/sh - Select files with the Hidden attribute
/sr - Select files with the Read/Only attribute
/sa - Select files with the Archive attribute
/sn - Select files with No attributes
/@n - Select files after/before (+/-) today-n

/a - Process ARC files (+) (:filespec)
/z - Process ZIP files (+) (:filespec)
/az - Process both ARC and ZIP files (+) (:filespec)
/g - Process Global directories (n)osort (t)otals

/f - Sort by (1) File Name and (2) extension (+/-)
/x - Sort by (1) file Extension and (2) name (+/-)
/b - Sort by file size in Bytes (+/-)
/d - Sort by (1) file Date and (2) time (+/-)
/c - Sort by file Cluster number or ARC/ZIP CRC (+/-)
/n - Do Not sort directory entries

/? - Display program Help information
/i - Display system Information summary
/j - Just display configured screen colors
/l - List file names and (p)ath names only
/m - Display graphical directory tree Map
/r* - Redirect output to device or file using * char
/t - Display Totals output lines only (n)o totals

/e - Erase the screen before displaying output
/h - Display output using Horizontal sequence
/k - Display memory and disk space in Kilobytes
/o - Switch between long and short date and time formats
/p - Measure CPU performance for /i switch
/q - Quick output (no prompts when the screen fills)
/u - Switch between Upper and Lower case filenames
/v - Display disk Volume label and path at start
/w - Reset the screen to 25 lines at exit
/y - Restore the original screen at exit

/1 - Display file information in 1 column
/2 - Display file information in 2 columns
/4 - Display file information in 4 columns
/6 - Display file information in 6 columns

/25 - Display 25 lines on EGA or VGA monitor
/35 - Display 35 lines on EGA or VGA monitor
/43 - Display 43 lines on EGA or VGA monitor
/50 - Display 50 lines on EGA or VGA monitor

/$ - Display prompt and read keyboard in .BAT file
/$$ - Don't move cursor up when exiting from .BAT file

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 8

2.5 Examples of Use

The following examples assume that the original program switch defaults
have not been altered by the SDC configuration program or DEBUG.

A>sd
Display the current directory of drive A.

C>sd /?
Display program help information.

A>sd c:/i/p
Measure CPU performance and display system information summary including
information for the disk in drive C.

C>sd d:\/m
Display a graphical directory tree map of all directories on drive D.

C>sd d:\work/m/u >prn
Write a graphical directory tree map of all directories on drive D which
are subdirectories of the "work" directory to the printer in upper case.

B>sd/f/6
Display the current directory of drive B, sorted by file name, using the
six column format (file names only).

D>sd c:\/ss/1
Display only the system files in the root directory of drive C, using
the one column output format.

C>sd /j
Display the currently configured screen colors.

A>sd c:\/sd
Display all of the subdirectories in the root directory of drive C.

A>sd /lp/sf c:\ >files.dat
Create a file called "a:files.dat" which contains a sorted list of all
files with path names (no directories) in the root directory of drive C.

A>sd .asm/b-
Display all files having an extension of "asm" in the current directory
of drive A and sort the output by descending file size.

B>sd \/n/4/y
Select all files in the root directory of drive B, do not sort the file
entries, display the output using the four column format and restore
the original console screen when done.

C>sd \/35
Display all of the files in the root directory of drive C using 35 lines
on the screen with an EGA or VGA.

C>sd \/u/50/w
Display all of the files in the root directory of drive C in upper case
using 50 lines on the screen with an EGA or VGA and automatically reset
to 25 lines when done.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 9

C>sd d:/i /r= >prn
Write system information for drive D to the printer, substituting the =
character for all graphics characters.

B>sd temp.* >c:temp.dir
Select all files having a name of "temp" in the current directory of
drive B, and redirect the console output to file "c:temp.dir".

B>sd/1 c:\*.com >>c:temp.dir
Select all files with an extension of "com" in the root directory of
drive C, format using one output column, and redirect the console
output, appending to the file "c:temp.dir".

B>sd e:/k/u
Display the current directory of drive E, rounding the space values to
Kilobytes and displaying the file names in upper case.

C>sd /h/2
Display all files and directories in the current directory on drive C
sorted and displayed from left to right, using the two column format.

A>sd t/e/k/q
Select all files in the current directory of drive A whose names begin
with "t", erase the screen before displaying output, display file size
and disk space values in Kilobytes and do not pause the console output.

C>sd \
Display all files in the root directory of drive C sorted by file
extension and by file name using the two column format.

B>sd temp
If temp is an existing subdirectory in the current directory of drive B,
then select all of the files in that directory. Otherwise, select all
files in the current directory of drive B whose names begin with "temp".

B>sd temp*
Display all directories and files in the current directory of drive B
whose names begin with "temp".

A>sd ../sar
Display all files in the parent directory of the current directory of
drive A with either the archive or read/only attribute.

A>sd c:/d/@+30
Display all files in the current directory of drive C which were created
during the past month sorted by date and time, using two output columns.

C>sd \/v/g/1
Display the disk volume label and all information for all files in all
directories of drive C.

C>sd \/gt
Display grand totals information only for all directories on drive C.

C>sd \/g/t/s
Display totals information only for all directories on drive C.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 10

C>sd c:\command.com/2/tn >check.cmd
Create a file called "check.cmd" which contains directory information
for the file command.com, but without the disk and directory totals.

C>sd d:\test/gn
Display information for files and directories at and below the "test"
directory level of drive D without sorting directory names.

A>sd c:\*.exe/g
Display information for all .exe files in all directories on drive C.

C>sd /sn
Display all files without any attributes on drive C.

A>sd c:\/g/sd
Display all directory names on drive C.

B>sd ..\*.a?m/d+/1
Display all files in the parent directory of the current directory of
drive B whose extensions begin with "a" and end with "m" and sort the
output by ascending date and time using the one column output format.

C>sd /a/1
Display all files in all ARC files in the current directory of drive C
using the one column format.

C>sd /z:*.com/4
Display all .com files in all ZIP files in the current directory of
drive C using the 4 column format.

C>sd abc/a/@+365
Display all files less than one year old in all ARC files whose names
begin with "abc" in the current directory of drive C in 2 column format.

C>sd \/az+/gt
Display grand totals information only for all files in all directories
and all files in all ARC and ZIP files in all directories of drive C.

C>sd/v/1 b:\dir1\dir2\dir3\*.doc/d >prn
Select all files having an extension of "doc" in the directory
"\dir1\dir2\dir3" of drive B. Sort the output by date and time. Use
the one column output format and include the disk volume label.
Redirect the console output to the printer.

A>sd/r/q b: (Type Control-P/RETURN)
Display the current directory of drive B and duplicate the console
output on the printer. Type Control-P/RETURN again to stop the output.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 11

3.0 FILE SELECTION AND SORTING

3.1 File Selection By Attribute

Syntax: /s[attr-switch]...[attr-switch]

/s - Select all files and directories
/sd - Select Directories only (no files)
/sf - Select Files only (no directories)
/ss - Select files with the System attribute
/sh - Select files with the Hidden attribute
/sr - Select files with the Read/Only attribute
/sa - Select files with the Archive attribute
/sn - Select files with No attributes

These switches are used to further restrict which files are selected
(in addition to any filespec) based on the attributes of the files.

As a default, the /s switch is configured ON. This means that all files
(including Hidden and System files) are selected as a default. If you
prefer to not see these files (like DIR) unless you type /s, set the /s
switch OFF using the SDC program or DEBUG.

If /sd is specified, all and only the subdirectories in the specified
directory are selected, including the current (.) and parent (..).

If /sf is specified, all files (regardless of attribute) and none of the
directories are selected.

If /sn is specified, all and only the files with none of the four
possible file attributes are selected. This switch is mutually
exclusive with the other /s switches.

If a /ss, /sh, /sr, or /sa switch is specified by itself, all and only
the files with the specified attribute are selected. These switches may
also be combined in any order and the intervening /s switch(es) omitted.
For example: SD C:\DIR/SA/SR is equivalent to SD C:\DIR/SAR

When multiple /s switches are specified, the effect is "additive"; i.e.
for the example above, all files with either the Archive or Read/Only
attribute will be selected from the specified directory.

Specification of any /s switch(es) other than /sd causes an additional
'totals' line to be displayed which summarizes the number of files which
have each of the requested attributes. If files with the Archive
attribute are selected, the percent of files with this attribute is also
displayed. This provides an indication of the need to back up files on
a hard disk.

Since separate colors are used to identify System and Hidden files from
normal files, it is possible to permanently configure the /s switch ON
without losing the ability to distinguish the different file types.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 12

3.2 File Selection By Date

Syntax: /@[+/-][days][+/-]

The /@ switch is used to select files based on their age (the date the
file was created or last updated). Since dates are specified relative to
the current system date (normally set by the DATE command or real time
clock at boot time), it is essential that the system date be set
correctly in order for this feature to work properly.

Files may be selected which are exactly the specified number of days
old, or either newer (+) or older (-) than the specified number of days.
The number of days specified may range from 0 to 9999, syntactically,
but cannot be so large as to predate January 1, 1980, which is when the
universe was created (according to DOS!).

Think of the date specification process in two steps: go back the
specified number of days and then find the files written before (-), on,
or after (+) that date.

For example:

/@ select files written today (days=0)
/@1+ select files written during last 2 days
/@7 select files written exactly one week ago
/@+30 select files written during the past month
/@-365 select files written more than a year ago

The +/- may be specified either before or after the number of days.

Regardless of the default sort type, specifying the /@ switch will cause
the /d switch to be set automatically. If you wish to specify a
different sort switch, you must specify it after the /@ switch. If the
number of filename columns is not already set to 1, specifying the /@
switch will cause the /2 switch to be set automatically. If you wish to
specify a different number of filename columns, you must specify it
after the /@ switch.

3.3 ARC and ZIP File Processing

Syntax: /a or /z or /az or /za [+][:filespec]

These switches request special processing for compressed archive files
instead of OR in addition to normal file processing. These files are
created by utility programs such as ARC.EXE and PKZIP.EXE. Although the
format of ARC and ZIP files differs, the use of the /a and /z switches
is the same, and file information is displayed using the same format.

The /a switch causes all .ARC, .PKA, and .PAK files to be processed.
The /z switch causes all .ZIP files to be processed. Specifying either
/a/z, /az, or /za will cause BOTH types of files to be processed. To
simplify the discussion below, only the /a switch is explained. The
same information applies to the use of the /z switch, either alone or
when used together with the /a switch. All other program switches
operate as usual with the exception of those noted below.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 13

In the simplest case (/a specified), all files in the specified
directory with extensions of .ARC are automatically processed.
Although the .ARC file type is assumed, any other file type (such as
.PAK or .PKA) may be explicitly specified to select the desired files.

Each archive file is opened, the directory entries are read and saved,
and the file is closed. Information for each of the files inside the
selected archive file is then displayed. This process repeats until all
of the selected archive files have been processed. The archive files
are processed in the order they are found in the directory and are not
sorted. Entries inside each selected archive file are sorted and
displayed in the usual way except that some additional information is
displayed if the /1 switch is specified.

The information displayed for each file in an archive file includes:
Filename, Original Length, Storage Method, Packing Percent, Packed Size,
Date, Time, and CRC code. After the entries in each archive file are
displayed, a totals line is displayed which summarizes this information
for the archive file as a whole. After all archive files have been
processed, a grand totals line is displayed which summarizes the
information for all of the selected archive files.

If a primary file specification is used with /a (SD ABC/A), it is used
to select a subset of the available ARC files. If a secondary file
specification is used (SD /A:ABC), it is used to select a subset of
the available files INSIDE the selected ARC files. The /@ switch may
also be used to select files INSIDE ARC files by the age of the files.

If /a+ is specified, normal file processing occurs first, followed by
archive file processing for each of the selected ARC files. This process
can also be applied to all directories on a disk by using the /g switch.
Processing for /a may take considerable time if many ARC files are
present and the disk space is heavily fragmented. In this case, you may
wish to specify the /q switch and control the console output manually.

The /s switches are not applicable to archive file entries since no file
attribute information is maintained inside ARC files. The /c switch
is not particularly useful either since it sorts by the file CRC codes!
Nested ARC files (ARC files inside ARC files) cannot be processed since
this would require the full extraction code for the ARC compression
algorithms to be included in this program, which is not appropriate.

The following limitations apply to ZIP file processing:

1) Only the least significant four hexadecimal digits of the file
CRC codes are displayed, due to space limitations.

2) Embedded path names stored in ZIP files are not displayed, due
to space limitations.

3) ZIP files which span multiple disks are not supported.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 14

ARC and ZIP files have become a standard means of transferring DOS disk
files across Computer Bulletin Board systems since they significantly
reduce the transfer time, allow multiple files to be combined into a
single file, insure the integrity of the files by storing and checking
CRC codes, and preserve the original file dates, times and sizes. They
are also useful for long term disk storage since they reduce the number
of floppy disks needed to store data. It is therefore highly desirable
to be able to display the directories of these files in an efficient and
flexible manner. The integration of ARC and ZIP file processing with
normal directory processing in this program allows you to take full
advantage of the benefits inherent in compressed archive files.

3.4 Global Subdirectory Processing

Syntax: /g or /gn or /gt

The /g switch requests global subdirectory processing. All other
switches operate as usual. After the specified target directory
(usually, but not necessarily, a root directory) is processed, all
subdirectories below that directory are processed. The directories are
sorted into alphabetic order unless /gn is specified when they are not
sorted and are processed in the order they are found on the disk.

After all directories have been processed, a grand totals line for all
of the directories and files is displayed, followed by a grand totals
line for file attributes (if a /s switch was specified). Specifying the
/gt switch suppresses the totals lines for individual directories and
only displays the grand totals.

If the current directory on the target drive is not the root directory,

you must explicitly specify it (\), if you wish to process all of the
directories on that drive: SD \/G ...

Processing for /g may take considerable time if many directories are
present and the disk space is heavily fragmented. In this case, you may
wish to specify the /q switch and control the console output manually.

The /g switch has a variety of uses. It can be used to display a summary
of the total number of directories and files on a disk similar to the
CHKDSK command if /gt is specified. Somewhat more information for each
individual directory is displayed if /g/t is specified.

It can be used to locate any and all occurrences of a file anywhere on a
disk with a complex directory structure by simply specifying a filename.
If no matching files are found, the displayed path name is that of the
last directory which was searched for the file.

Another interesting use is to specify the /sd switch, which will display
all of the directories on the disk below the specified directory.

3.5 Sort Field Selection Switches

Syntax: /sort-switch[+/-]

/f - Sort by (1) File Name and (2) extension
/x - Sort by (1) file Extension and (2) name
/b - Sort by file size in Bytes
/d - Sort by (1) file Date and (2) time
/c - Sort by file Cluster number or ARC/ZIP CRC
/n - Do Not sort directory entries

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 15

These switches specify which fields are to be used as sort "keys" when
formatting the output information. These switches are all mutually
exclusive; i.e. only one sort switch should be specified. If no sort
switch is specified, the default is by file extension and name (/x).

Sort switches may be optionally followed by a + for an ascending sort or
a - for a descending sort. The default sort direction is ascending for
all sort switches except /d, which is descending (so the newer files
appear first). The + and - options are not meaningful for the /n switch.

The /f switch simply sorts the selected directory entries by file name
and extension. Any "strange" file names beginning with unusual special
characters will tend to collect at the beginning and end of the list,
where they can be easily identified.

The /x switch is helpful in identifying which, if any, files have
"strange" file name extensions. Since most standard files have one of
only a few possible types (extensions), such as .BAT, .COM, .EXE, etc.
using this switch will separate out any non-standard file names.

The /b switch is used to find either the smallest or largest files on a
disk, or to discover which file(s) have sizes which lie in a given
range. This can be helpful when it is known that a file of a given
size is missing from a disk, and it is desired to find its identity by
examining the contents of another disk which does contain the file.

The /d switch is a frequently used sorting option, especially when
combined with the /1 or /2 switch. This allows either the newest or
oldest files on a disk to be easily identified. Of course, the validity
of this information is once again dependent on the correct setting of
the system date at the time the files were written. If the number of
filename columns is not already set to 1, specifying the /d switch will
cause the /2 switch to be set automatically. If you wish to specify a
different number of filename columns, you must specify it after the /d
switch.

The /c switch sorts the file entries by the first or starting cluster
number allocated to the file. This is simply the absolute location on
the disk where the file begins. Although not used very frequently,
this switch can be used to determine the actual order of the files on a
disk, which is independent of their order in the disk's directory,
especially on a disk whose space has become "fragmented" by the creation
and deletion of many files with differing sizes. Regardless of the
default value for the number of filename columns, specifying the /c
switch will cause the /1 switch to be set automatically. If you wish to
specify a different number of filename columns, you must specify it
after the /c switch. For ARC or ZIP files, /c causes the files to be
sorted by the file CRC codes which is not very useful.

The /n switch bypasses the sort process with the result that the file
entries are displayed in the order they occur in the disk directory.
This is helpful when examining a bootable disk to insure that the order
of files is optimal (in the order they are needed during the boot
sequence, and by frequency of use after boot-up). This is the same
order of file names as that displayed by the DIR command.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 16

4.0 OUTPUT FORMAT CONTROL

4.1 Output Mode Switches

Syntax: /output-switch ... /output-switch

/? - Display program Help information
/i - Display system Information summary
/j - Just display configured screen colors
/l - List file names and (p)ath names only
/m - Display graphical directory tree Map
/r* - Redirect output to device or file using * char
/t - Display Totals output lines only (n)o totals

The /? switch requests that a help screen be displayed which summarizes
the command line syntax used to invoke the program and switch meanings.
The /? switch output may be redirected to a file as follows: SD /? >FILE

The /i switch requests that a screen be displayed which summarizes the
system hardware configuration and memory and disk characteristics. See
the section titled System Information Summary for details.

The /j switch requests that a summary of the configured screen colors
be displayed. This switch is useful when you can't remember what the
color values are for a specific type of file attribute or screen area.

The /l switch requests that a list of file names (only) be generated.
All other output (file information and totals lines) is suppressed.
This switch is normally used with the /sf switch (to suppress any
directories), and the /r switch to redirect the output to a file for
processing by another program. The filename column switches are ignored
(/1 is assumed) if they are specified with the /l switch. Since any
embedded spaces are removed, the file names are ready to be operated on
by copy commands which might be generated automatically by another
program. Specifying the /lp (path name) option causes the file names to
be prefixed with their path names. This can be useful when another
program is to subsequently process the file name list from another
directory. /l is mutually exclusive with the /t and /gt switches.

The /m switch requests that a graphical directory tree map be displayed
for the specified drive and directory. Processing for /m is similar to
that requested by the /g, /t, and /sd switches. A subdirectory of the
root directory may be specified to limit the directories selected. The
directories are always sorted and links to higher level directories are
shown using graphics characters. Processing may take a while if many
directories are selected.

The /r switch requests that console output be written using DOS
services, rather than directly to video display memory for higher speed.
Although this slows down the output and suppresses the screen colors,
this is necessary when the need arises to redirect the output to a file
or a device (printer) for subsequent processing. /r is also used to run
the program in a window with a multitasking environment (see below).

If /r is specified, it should be the first parameter on the command line
after the command name, so that any error messages which are generated
for subsequent parameters can be redirected. Although the program will
usually be able to automatically detect the fact that output is being
redirected, you can always force redirection to occur by explicitly
specifying the /r switch (with the /q switch).

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 17

If the character immediately following the /r switch is something other
than a slash (/) or carriage return character, it is substituted for all
of the graphics characters which are normally generated by the program.
This feature can be handy when sending output to a device which is
incapable of interpreting graphics characters correctly. Some typical
characters which might be used include a space, asterisk, or equal sign.

You may wish to place the output file on a different drive or directory
than the one being processed or the output file may be included in the
directory list as a zero byte file. For example: SD A: >C:\TEMP.DIR

The /t switch suppresses the display of detailed information for
individual files and directories and only displays the directory,
file attribute (see the /s switch) and disk space totals lines.

The directory totals line includes the target directory path (if the /v
switch isn't specified), the number of subdirectories, the number of
files selected, the total number of bytes and clusters in the selected
files, and the percent of space used in the clusters allocated to the
selected files. This last value provides an indication of how
efficiently disk space is being utilized for the selected files and
depends on the number of files selected, the file sizes and the disk
cluster size. If a long path name is selected, it is displayed on a
separate output line to prevent truncation of the other information.
The disk space totals line includes the space used, percent used, space
free, total space on the disk, and the current date and time.

The /t switch is used when you wish to compare the total number or size
of files on two different disks or directories. If a difference is
detected, other switches (such as /b or /d) can be used to determine
which files are missing (or different).

The /tn switch requests that the disk and directory totals information
be suppressed, and only the individual directory entries be displayed.
This option can be useful when it is desired to create an output file
which will subsequently be compared to another file to detect any
differences between several files, directories, or even entire disks.

4.2 Output Toggle Switches

Syntax: /output-switch ... /output-switch

/e - Erase the screen before displaying output
/h - Display output using Horizontal sequence
/k - Display memory and disk space in Kilobytes
/o - Switch between long and short date and time formats
/p - Measure CPU performance for /i switch
/q - Quick output (no prompts when the screen fills)
/u - Switch between Upper and Lower case filenames
/v - Display disk Volume label and path at start
/w - Reset the screen to 25 lines at exit
/y - Restore the original screen at exit

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 18

These output switches are all "toggles". This means that specifying the
switch on the command line toggles the switch value to the opposite
state of the default value (either ON or OFF). For example, the value
of the /k switch is normally OFF. Specifying /k on the command line
will cause space values to be shown in Kilobytes, rather than Bytes.
However, if /k is configured to be ON as a default, specifying it on the
command line will cause space values to be shown in Bytes rather than
Kilobytes. These switches may be used together and with other switches
in many different combinations.

The /e switch causes the display screen to be cleared before any output
is displayed. The screen is cleared using the current number of screen
lines (rows), which may be different from the standard 25 lines if an
EGA or VGA adaptor and monitor are being used.

The /h switch causes the file entries to be displayed in horizontal
rather than vertical sequence according to the sort option specified.
This is handy when more than a screen's worth of output is generated, so
that the sequence of file entries is continuous when the screen scrolls.

The /k switch requests that system memory and disk space information be
displayed in units of Kilobytes (1024 bytes), rather than the default
units of bytes. In addition, these values are rounded upward, taking
into account the allocation unit (cluster) size for the specified disk.
System memory values are simply rounded to the next higher Kilobyte. Use
of the /k switch will reveal the actual amount of disk space used by
each file, rather than the normal file size which may be much less.
Depending on the file size and the number of output columns specified,
the file size value may be displayed in Kilobytes, even if the /k switch
isn't specified, due to space limitations.

The /o switch requests that an alternate format be used when displaying
system and file date and time values. Two formats are supported, long
and short. For example, for the long format values: 21-May-89 18:32:10,
the equivalent short format would be 05-21-89 06:32p. The advantage of
using the long format is that the month is more readable and times are
displayed in seconds for better accuracy. The advantage of the short
format is that dates are easier to compare when using the /d switch, and
the format is similar to the standard DOS date and time format.

The /p switch requests that the system CPU performance be measured and
displayed when the /i switch is also specified. Since this process can
take up to about 10 seconds on an 8088 system, the default is OFF. If
you are using a fast system, you may prefer to configure the value ON.
See the section titled System Information Summary for details.

The /q switch suppresses the console reads which normally occur when
output information is about to scroll off the screen. You may wish to
specify this switch when a large amount of output is being generated
(/g or /a used without /t) or when specifying the /r switch.

The /u switch requests that an alternate format be used when displaying
individual path and file names. Two formats are supported, upper and
lower case. The lower case format is usually more readable, but this
depends on the video monitor and number of screen lines being used.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 19

The /v switch causes the disk volume label (if any), and the target
path name to be displayed before the information for individual files.
In this case, the path name is not displayed on the first totals line,
which is the normal default. You may wish to avoid using this switch
when you are working with long path names, to prevent truncation of
information on the output line.

The /w switch requests that the number of screen lines be reset to 25
when the program is about to exit in a video mode with more than 25
screen lines when an EGA or VGA adaptor is in use. A necessary side
effect of this is that the program must wait for the user to press a key
just prior to exiting and the screen is cleared. If this switch is
configured ON, you will have to specify /w/y when you wish to use the /y
switch. See the section titled EGA and VGA Switches for additional
information.

The /y switch requests that the program save the contents of the screen
(including the cursor location and size) on entry, and that these be
restored when the program terminates. This requires that the program
wait for the user to press a key just prior to exiting, so that the
final screen output is not prematurely lost. Screen sizes of up to 80
columns by 50 lines for EGA and VGA adaptors are supported. /y may be
ignored if used together with either the /w, /25, /35, /43, or /50
switch since the restored screen size could be incorrect after the video
mode change requested by these other switches.

It is also possible that /y will be ignored if used together with the
/g switch when processing a large number of directories. The directory
buffer size is 2000 bytes which allows up to about 125 16 character
directory names to be processed. If the directory buffer fills, it
automatically expands into the screen save buffer (an additional 8000
bytes), which allows up to a total of about 625 16 character directory
names to be processed.

4.3 Filename Column Switches

The /1, /2, /4, and /6 switches specify the number of filename output
columns and, inversely, the amount of file information displayed:

/1 - 1 column - File name, size, clusters allocated, % of space used,
date, time, starting cluster and sector, and attributes

/2 - 2 columns - File name, size, date and time

/4 - 4 columns - File name and size

/6 - 6 columns - File name only

A larger number of columns allows more files to be displayed on the
display screen at one time, at the cost of losing some of the detailed
file information. A smaller number of columns allows more detailed file
information to be displayed, at the cost of only being able to display a
limited number of files. All of these switches are mutually exclusive;
only one should be specified. The default switch is /2.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 20

Subdirectory entries (normally found in the root directory) are shown
with special screen colors, for emphasis. This is especially helpful
when using the /6 switch, since there isn't room for the indicator
(directory names may be up to 11 characters long, just like file names).
File name colors indicate the most significant attribute of the file in
the order: System, Hidden, Read-Only, Archive, and Normal.

The file size is normally displayed in bytes, or Kilobytes if the /k
switch is specified. If /2 is specified, file sizes larger than 999,999
bytes are displayed in Kilobytes and if /4 is specified file sizes
larger than 99,999 bytes are displayed in Kilobytes, due to space
limitations. If /1 is specified, the number of clusters which are
allocated to the file and the percent of space actually used are also
displayed.

The date and time the file was last modified are displayed in either
long or short format, depending on the /o switch value. The time a file
was last written is only accurate to a resolution of two seconds; all
values will have an even number of seconds. Files created with early
versions of DOS may not have either a date or time stamp. In this case,
the date and time fields will appear as periods.

If /1 is specified, the starting cluster number and starting logical
sector number for the file are displayed, as are the file attributes:

A - Archive R - Read/Only H - Hidden S - System

4.4 EGA and VGA Switches

/25 - Display 25 lines on EGA or VGA monitor
/35 - Display 35 lines on EGA or VGA monitor
/43 - Display 43 lines on EGA or VGA monitor
/50 - Display 50 lines on EGA or VGA monitor

These switches change to the specified number of screen lines (rows)
when an Enhanced Graphics Adaptor (EGA) or Video Graphics Array (VGA)
video adaptor and monitor are in use. The screen is automatically
cleared and the screen remains set to this size when the program
terminates (unless /w is specified when it is reset to 25 lines).
If the number of screen lines has already been set to a value greater
than 25, the program will automatically use the current value. The
use of a monochrome monitor connected to an EGA card is not supported
by these switches.

For an EGA, the native modes are 25 and 43 lines. The 35 and 50 line
modes are synthesized by dynamically creating new EGA fonts. The 35
line mode is more readable than the 43 line mode. The 50 line mode is
rather difficult to read since it is formed by dropping the last scan
line of each character which causes the partial loss of the descenders
of some lower case letters.

For a VGA, the native modes are 25, 43, and 50 lines. The 35 line mode
is synthesized as for the EGA. The 50 line mode is readable, since the
VGA can use 400 vertical scan lines, rather than the 350 of the EGA.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 21

Since versions of DOS prior to 4.0 neither properly recognize nor fully
support all of the operational modes possible with the EGA/VGA BIOS
(43 line mode, for example), you may experience strange results when
using these modes at the DOS command prompt. In particular, ANSI.SYS
does not recognize 43 line mode and may cause the DOS command prompt to
appear on screen line 25, overlaying data previously displayed there.
If you normally use ANSI.SYS (or other equivalent ANSI console device
drivers) with an EGA/VGA monitor, you may wish to configure the /w
switch ON which handles this problem. Turning the option ON will cause
SD to wait for a character to be typed when it is about to exit in an
EGA/VGA video mode with more than 25 screen lines. After a character is
typed, the standard 25 line video mode is reset, the screen is cleared
and the program terminates.

If you are using DOS 4.0 with ANSI.SYS, you MUST specify the new /L ANSI
command line switch if you plan to use more than 25 screen lines. You
may also change the number of screen lines using the MODE command:

DEVICE=ANSI.SYS /L (In CONFIG.SYS)
MODE CON LINES=25 or 43 or 50 (In AUTOEXEC.BAT or at DOS prompt)

The standard IBM video modes are those from 0 to 19. If the current
video mode at the time SD is executed is in this range and not equal to
2 (25 x 80 B/W) or 3 (25 x 80 Color) when a color monitor is in use, the
program will automatically reset the video mode to 3 before running. The
other standard IBM 40 column text modes and graphics modes are not
supported, but it is rare to encounter these modes other than in BASIC
programs. SD will operate if the current video mode is greater than 19,
for compatibility with high resolution video modes supported by many
non-IBM EGA and VGA video cards. SD dynamically detects both the number
of screen rows and columns and uses these values when writing to video
display memory. Screen sizes up to at least 50 rows by 132 columns are
fully supported. However, the 8000 byte screen save buffer is only
large enough to fully save and restore screens of 50 x 80 or 30 x 132.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 22

5.0 SYSTEM INFORMATION SUMMARY

The /i switch requests that a screen be displayed which summarizes the
system hardware configuration and memory and disk information. The
information is presented in six boxes. The upper left box summarizes
the system hardware configuration. The upper middle and right boxes
summarize DOS and system memory information. The lower three boxes

summarize the technical information for the specified disk. Other
switches which can be used with the /i switch include /e, /k, /o and /p.
For example, to compare two sets of drive parameters using an EGA/VGA:

D>sd c:/i/50 - display info for drive C using 50 lines
D>sd d:/i/e - display info for drive D without clearing screen

Output generated by the /i switch may be redirected as follows:

D>sd c:/i >file

5.1 System Hardware

PC System Type - The PC System Type Code, followed by the Submodel Type
and BIOS Level for PS/2 systems. Typical system codes are as follows:

Code System Types
---- ------------
FF IBM PC
FE IBM PC-XT, IBM PC-PORTABLE
FD IBM PC-Jr
FC IBM PC-AT, IBM PC-XT/286, IBM PS/2-50,60
FB IBM PC-XT/2
FA IBM PS/2-30
F9 IBM PC-CONVERTIBLE
F8 IBM PS/2-70,80

ROM BIOS Date - The date contained in the ROM BIOS chip which provides
an indication of when the system was manufactured.

Processor Type and Performance - The type of CPU chip in the system and
its computing performance relative to the original IBM PC. Possible CPU
types are 8088, 80286, or 80386. The /p switch must be specified or
configured ON or the performance value will be reported as N/A. Memory
Resident (TSR) programs that intercept the timer interrupt may make the
computed CPU performance value appear artificially low. You may wish to
temporarily rename the CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files, reboot the
system and execute the command: SD/I/P to determine the true CPU
performance. Processing time for /p ranges from 10 seconds on 8088
systems to less than 1 second on 80386 systems. You may wish to run the
test several times, since the value may fluctuate slightly.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 23

Typical CPU performance values are as follows:

System CPU MHz Waits Perf
------ --- --- ----- ----
INTEL 80386 25 0 18.18
COMPAQ 386 80386 20 0 15.15
IBM PS/2-70 80386 20 1 14.08
IBM PS/2-80 80386 16 0 11.36
AT-CLONE 80286 12 1 8.69
IBM PS/2-60 80286 10 1 6.99
AT-CLONE 80286 8 0 5.88
IBM PC-AT 80286 8 1 5.52
AT-CLONE 80286 6 0 4.23
IBM PC-AT 80286 6 1 4.14
IBM PC-XT 8088 4.77 - 1.00

Screen Size - The number of rows (normally 25) and columns (normally 80)
used on the screen by the current video mode.

Video Adaptor and Mode - The type of Video Display Adaptor (MDA, CGA,
MCGA, EGA or VGA) currently being used and the Video Mode Number.

Drives (F/H/L) - The number of (F)loppy and (H)ard drives in the system
and the DOS (L)ASTDRIVE value which may be specified in CONFIG.SYS.

Ports (S/P/G) - The number of (S)erial, (P)arallel, and (G)ame ports in
the system. Serial ports are often used for a modem or mouse, parallel
ports are often used for printers and game ports are used for joysticks.

ANSI/CP/Mouse - ANSI indicates whether or not an ANSI Console Device
Driver is installed in the system (via CONFIG.SYS). CP indicates
whether or not an 80x87 math Coprocessor chip is installed in the
system. Mouse Type indicates whether or not a Microsoft Mouse
compatible software device driver is installed in the system.

5.2 System Memory

DOS Version - The version of PC-DOS or MS-DOS installed in the system.

Environment - The amount of memory currently being used by the DOS
Environment allocated to the program. The DOS SET command is used to
add or delete Environment variables.

Video Memory - The amount of video memory installed in the system. MDA
adaptors use 4Kb, CGA adaptors use 16Kb, and EGA/VGA adaptors normally
use up to 256Kb (some EGA or VGA adaptors may actually use up to 512Kb).

DOS Memory - The amount of memory used by the following DOS system
components: Interrupt Vectors in low memory, the Disk BIOS (IBMBIO.COM),
the DOS kernel (IBMDOS.COM), FILES, BUFFERS, and any Device Drivers
specified in CONFIG.SYS, and any memory they allocate.

TSR Memory - The amount of memory used by the resident portion of
COMMAND.COM (at a minimum) and memory allocated to any subsequently
loaded Terminate-and-Stay-Resident type programs (such as SDR.COM).
It also includes any currently free memory blocks which do not reside in
high memory (those previously released by TSR programs).

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 24

The DOS and TSR memory values can be very useful in analyzing how the
memory currently being used is allocated and in finding overallocations.

Memory Used - The amount of system memory currently in use.

Memory Free - The amount of system memory currently not in use.

Total Memory - The total amount of system memory (below 640Kb).

EMS Version - The version of the Lotus-Intel-Microsoft Expanded Memory
Manager installed in the system, if any. EMS allows any PC system to
share paged memory on an EMS memory card between applications. A device
driver must be installed in CONFIG.SYS to use this memory.

Memory Used - The amount of EMS memory currently in use.

Memory Free - The amount of EMS memory currently not in use.

Total Memory - The total amount of EMS memory in the system.

XMS Version - The version of the Lotus-Intel-Microsoft Extended Memory
Manager installed in the system, if any. XMS allows an 80286 or 80386
system to share Extended memory (above 1Mb) between applications. A
device driver must be installed in CONFIG.SYS to use this memory.

Memory Used - The amount of Extended memory currently in use.

Memory Free - The amount of Extended memory currently not in use.

Total Memory - The total amount of Extended memory in the system.

5.3 Disk Parameters

Disk Drive - The name of the target disk drive from A: to Z:. The drive
letter will be followed by one of the following descriptors, if the
drive type can be determined:

NET - Logical Network Drive
BIG - Hard Disk Partition GT 32Mb
HARD - Hard Disk Partition LE 32Mb
5.25" - 5.25" Floppy Drive
3.5" - 3.5" Floppy Drive

OEM Boot Information - The name of the Original Equipment Manufacturer
(OEM) and the version of DOS used to format the disk.

Hidden Sectors - The number of sectors on a hard disk hidden from use by
DOS when processing the current disk partition. This area on the disk
may either contain partition table information, or the data in another
partition, depending on the partitioning scheme used.

Reserved Sectors - The number of sectors reserved at the beginning of
the disk for the boot sector, partition tables, etc.

FATs/EntrySize - The number of File Allocation Tables (FATs) and the
number of Bits Per File Allocation Table Entry for the disk. This value
is 12 for disks formatted prior to DOS 3.0 and either 12 or 16 for disks
formatted with DOS 3.0 or later. DOS uses 16 bit FAT entries if a disk
has 4086 or more data clusters.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 25

Sectors Per FAT - The number of Sectors Per File Allocation Table.

Directory Sector - The logical sector number of the Root Directory for
the disk (or hard disk partition).

Data Sector - The logical sector number of the Data (File) Area on the
disk (or hard disk partition).

Root Directory Size - The maximum number of entries in the disk's Root
Directory.

Total Sectors - The total number of sectors on the disk, including the
Boot sector(s), FAT sectors, Root Directory sectors, and Data sectors.

Sectors Per Track - The number of Sectors Per Track on the disk.

Heads (Sides) - The number of Heads (Sides or Surfaces) for a hard or
floppy disk. Some RAMDISKs may have too many heads for their own good!

Cylinders - The number of Tracks Per Side (Head or Surface) for a floppy
disk or a hard disk partition. This value may be slightly smaller than
the number of physical cylinders for a hard disk partition, due to the
use of some cylinders for partition information, bad sector tables, or
diagnostic purposes. For a hard disk, the total number of cylinders on
the drive is also displayed, but only for the first drive and partition.

Media Byte - The Media Descriptor Byte is used to describe the size and
format of the disk media and is based on the following disk parameters:
Sectors per Track, Heads (Sides), and Cylinders (Tracks Per Side).
Although the Media Byte is used by the BIOS to determine the disk
characteristics in certain cases, not all DOS BIOS implementations
use exactly the same Media Bytes for the same disk types. An example is
the 5.25" 1.2Mb and 3.5" 720Kb disk types which both use media byte F9.

Bytes Per Sector - The number of Bytes Per Sector on the disk.

Sectors Per Cluster - The number of Sectors Per Cluster on the disk.

Bytes Per Cluster - The number of Bytes Per Cluster on the disk.

Volume Serial Number - The Volume Serial Number for the disk. DOS 4.0
places an 8 digit hexadecimal Volume Serial Number in the Boot Sector of
each disk when it is formatted. This value can be used to uniquely
identify a disk since it is different for each disk (unlike disk Volume
Labels which may be the same). The VSN.COM utility provided can be used
to create, change and delete Volume Serial Numbers on disks which are
either formatted or used with any version of DOS. See the section on
VSN for additional information.

Volume Label - The Volume Label for the disk. Volume Labels are created
either when the disk is formatted or when the LABEL command is used.

Create Date - The date when the Volume Label was created.

Create Time - The time when the Volume Label was created.

Used Clusters - The number of Clusters in use on the disk.

Free Clusters - The number of Clusters not in use on the disk.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 26

Total Clusters - The total number of Clusters available on the disk.
This does not include the space used by the Boot Sector, the FATs, or
the Root Directory.

Used Space - The number of Bytes used and the Percent of space used on
the disk.

Free Space - The number of Bytes free and the Percent of space free on
the disk.

Total Space - The total number of Bytes available on the disk. This
does not include the space used by the Boot Sector, the FATs, or the
Root Directory.

Some of the disk information is obtained by reading the Boot Sector of
the disk. If either an error occurs when reading the Boot Sector, or
invalid data is detected, this information will appear as NONE or zeros.
The values affected are the OEM Boot Information through Cylinders and
the Volume Serial Number value.

Standard DOS disk formats and their characteristics are shown below:

Disk Type Size SPT Heads Cyls Media BPC FAT
--------- ---- --- ----- ---- ----- --- ---
5.25" SS 48 TPI 160K 8 1 40 FE 512 12
5.25" SS 48 TPI 180K 9 1 40 FC 512 12
5.25" DS 48 TPI 320K 8 2 40 FF 1024 12
5.25" DS 48 TPI 360K 9 2 40 FD 1024 12
5.25" DS 96 TPI 1.2M 15 2 80 F9 512 12

3.5" DS 135 TPI 720K 9 2 80 F9 1024 12
3.5" DS 135 TPI 1.4M 18 2 80 F0 512 12

PC-XT Hard Disk 10M 17 4 305 F8 4096 12
PC-AT Hard Disk 20M 17 4 611 F8 2048 16
PC-AT Hard Disk 30M 17 5 731 F8 2048 16

5.4 VSN Utility Program

VSN.COM is utility program which is used to manage DOS Disk Volume
Serial Numbers. It operates on IBM-PC compatible computer systems using
the IBM PC-DOS or Microsoft MS-DOS Operating System Version 2.0 or
higher.

Disk Volume Serial Numbers were introduced with DOS 4.0. When a disk is
formatted by FORMAT or copied with DISKCOPY, an 8 digit hexadecimal
Volume Serial Number is automatically placed in the Boot Sector of the
disk. Subsequent execution of the DOS CHKDSK, DIR, LABEL, TREE or VOL
command will cause the Volume Serial Number to be displayed. However,
no mechanism is provided for the user to create a specified VSN, change
an existing VSN, or to delete an existing VSN. The VSN.COM utility
provides these functions.

Perhaps even more useful is its ability to perform these functions for
disks formatted under ANY version of DOS from 2.0 through 4.0, and it
can be executed under ANY version of DOS from 2.0 through 4.0. This
greatly enhances the possible benefits of using Volume Serial Numbers.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 27

The main reason for using Volume Serial Numbers is to establish a unique
means of identifying a removable (floppy) disk. Floppy disks may have
identical Volume Labels or even identical Directories, but may still
contain different data. Since DOS 4.0 forces the user to accept the VSN
it selects for a disk and the method is based on the current date and
time, each VSN will be unique.

However, this means that the assigned VSN's follow no logical pattern
and are difficult to relate to one another. The VSN utility retains the
benefits of the concept, but allows the user to establish a numbering
scheme which can be used to form a disk cataloging sequence which makes
sense, and is compatible with the format used by DOS 4.0. An option is
also provided to allow a VSN to be assigned using the DOS 4.0 method,
for full compatibility with disks formatted under DOS 4.0.

The DOS command line syntax for the VSN program is as follows:

VSN [drive:] [xxxx-xxxx] [/d] [/u]

where all parameters are optional. If no parameters are specified, help
information is displayed. If a drive letter is specified, the current
Volume Serial Number is displayed, or the user is informed that none
exists. If an 8 hexadecimal digit value is specified, the VSN for the
specified disk is changed to the specified value. If no drive is
specified, the current drive is used. VSN's are always specified and
displayed as 4 hex digits (0-9 or A-F), followed by a dash (-), followed
by 4 hex digits.

The /d switch causes the current VSN for the specified disk to be
deleted, if one exists.

The /u switch causes a unique VSN to be created for the specified disk
using the DOS 4.0 method. This method uses the current date and time
obtained from DOS to generate the VSN.

The Most Significant Word of the VSN is the sum of the current Month and
Month Day with the current Seconds and Seconds/100.

The Least Significant Word of the VSN is the sum of the current Year
with the current Hours and Minutes.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 28

Status Messages

Drive D: Has No Disk Volume Serial Number
Drive D: Old Disk Volume Serial Number is: XXXX-XXXX
Drive D: New Disk Volume Serial Number is: XXXX-XXXX
Drive D: Volume Serial Number Deleted

Error Messages

Unable to Read Disk Boot Sector - an error occurred when trying to read
the boot sector of the specified disk. VSN will not create VSN's for
hard disk partitions whose size exceeds 32Mb.

Unable to Locate System Boot Code - there was no jump instruction at the
start of the boot sector of the specified disk.

Insufficient Room for Volume Serial Number - the data area after the
jump instruction in the boot sector was too small to contain the VSN.
Unable to Write Disk Boot Sector - an error occurred when trying to
write the boot sector of the specified disk.

Examples of Use

D>vsn - display help information

D>vsn c: - display the VSN (if any) for the disk in drive C

D>vsn a: 1989-0001 - create or change the VSN for the disk in drive A

D>vsn b: /d - delete the VSN for the disk in drive B

D>vsn a: /u - create a unique VSN for the disk in drive A

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 29

6.0 SPECIAL ENVIRONMENTS

6.1 Batch File Operation

There are a variety of ways to effectively use SD inside a Batch (.BAT)
file. Three .BAT files are provided as examples: SDB, SDD and SDM. All
three files will display help information if executed without any
command line parameters. They may be modified using any standard text
editor. Once you are familiar with the use of these files, you may wish
to remove the help information at the beginning of each file to keep
them as small as possible. If you are using DOS 3.3 or higher, you may
wish to add an @ character to the ECHO OFF statement to suppress it.

Although you can use almost any valid SD command line with these files,
the following restrictions exist:

1) You must type a space before any command line parameters.

2) Output redirection to a device or file isn't supported.

3) If you don't specify any command line parameters, help information
is displayed. To select the current directory, specify * or ? or
edit the file to remove the help information as described above.

The SDB.BAT file allows you to browse the output generated by SD using
another program (the default is LIST). You may edit the SDB.BAT file
to change the name of the browse program to any program you prefer.
This Batch file is most useful when you are generating many screens of
output and wish to be able to scroll forward and backward through the
output, find character strings, etc. However, there may be a long wait
before the output file is written, so a RAM disk should be used.

An example of using SDB is provided below:

C>sdb /az/1
Browse all information for all files inside all ARC and ZIP files in the
current directory of drive C using the one column output format.

The SDD.BAT Batch file allows you to execute the SD program for multiple
disk drives automatically. This is especially useful when searching for
files which may be on other drives and possibly in other directories or
ARC or ZIP files on other drives. It is also handy when displaying
totals information for one or more directories or ARC or ZIP files on
several drives.

Before using SDD, you must use a text editor to edit the file to select
the disk drives you wish to process (the default is drives C, D, and E).
It is recommended that you only select partitions on hard disks, and
possibly other drives which are not floppy disk drives, but any valid
drive letters may be selected, and in any desired order. Since the
drive letters are contained within the Batch file itself, you must not
specify a specific drive letter on the command line. You may abort the
output at any point by pressing ESCAPE or CTRL-C, so you should order
the drive letters by expected frequency of use. The following two
statements must appear in the Batch file for each drive (d):

sd d:%1%2%3%4%5%6%7%8%9/$
if errorlevel 2 goto end

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 30

The last drive is an exception, where the /$ switch must be changed to
/$$ and the if statement should be omitted. The /$ switch tells SD to
provide a pause between successive drives in order to synchronize screen
scrolling. The /$$ switch prevents the last output line from being
overwritten by the DOS command line prompt.

Some typical examples of using SDD are provided below:

D>sdd \abc/g
Display information for all files whose names begin with abc in all
directories on all selected drives.

D>sdd /v/t
Display volume label and totals information for the current directory
on all selected drives.

D>sdd \/gt
Display volume label and grand totals information for all directories
on all selected drives.

The SDM.BAT Batch file allows you to execute the SD program with
multiple command line parameters including drives, paths, file name
specifications and/or switches all on the same command line. SDM
executes the SD program repeatedly, passing a separate command line
parameter to SD each time it is executed. Since each Batch file command
line parameter is separated from another by one or more spaces, you can
group multiple sets of parameters together and separate the groups with
one or more spaces.

Some typical examples of using SDM are provided below:

C>sdm d:\/gt e:\/gt
Display volume label and grand totals information for all directories
on drives D and E.

D>sdm *.bat *.com *.exe
Display information for all .BAT, .COM and .EXE files in the current
directory of drive D.

C>sdm \dir1 \dir3 \dir5 \dir7
Display information for the files in each of the specified directories
on drive C.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 31

6.2 Multitasking Environments

There are two different ways to use SD with various multitasking
environments such as DESQview or Microsoft Windows. The first method
is to use SD in its normal mode where it writes output directly to
video memory for fast color output. This method will allow the program
to run inside a window under DESQview, but not under Microsoft Windows.
The supplied SD.PIF file tells Microsoft Windows that SD writes directly
to video display memory and can therefore not run inside a window. The
second method is to make a copy of SD (called SDW) which will have the
/r switch turned on as a default. This will allow it to run inside a
window, but more slowly and without color.

Create the SDW file as follows:

D>COPY SD.COM SDW.COM
D>DEBUG SDW.COM
-E114 1
-W
-Q

Copy SD.PIF to SDW.PIF and use the Microsoft Windows PIFEDIT utility to
edit the SDW.PIF file to indicate that the program does not directly
modify the screen.

6.3 Local Area Networks and OS/2

SD and SDR have been tested with IBM, NOVELL, 3COM, 10NET and other
Local Area Networks for compatibility. Logical Network drives are
detected and identified. When the /i switch is specified, no attempt is
made to read the Boot Sector for Network drives, so not all of the disk
parameter information is available. ARC and ZIP files are opened using
"Deny Write" sharing mode to allow concurrent Read mode access on LANs.

SD and SDR have been tested with several versions of the OS/2 DOS 3.X
"Compatibility Box" with good results. An OS/2 protected mode version
of SD is under development. Please let the author know if you are
interested in this version of the program.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 32

7.0 MEMORY RESIDENT VERSION (SDR)

7.1 Overview

SDR.COM is a memory resident sorted directory utility program which
operates on IBM-PC compatible computer systems using the IBM PC-DOS or
Microsoft MS-DOS Operating System Version 2.0 or higher.

SD.COM is the non-memory resident version of the program. Since the
capabilities and command syntax of the two programs are virtually
identical, only the differences and additional capabilities of SDR.COM
are covered in this section of the document. It is recommended that the
user first become familiar with the use of SD.COM before using SDR.COM.
The bulk of the command syntax for SDR.COM is therefore covered in the
section for SD.COM.

This version of the program requires about 18Kb of disk space and
about 25-70Kb of memory during execution, depending on the size of
the directory, file and screen buffers configured by the user. With the
default buffer sizes, the program uses about 31Kb of system memory.

The advantage of a memory resident program is that it is almost always
available for use, regardless of the other program(s) currently running.
Otherwise, it would be necessary to either exit the current program and
return to the DOS system command prompt in order to run the program, or
use the "shell" facility that some programs provide to execute other
programs and then regain control. Since not all programs provide this
capability, having your frequently used utilities in memory resident
form greatly increases their availability. In addition, execution of a
memory resident program is virtually instantaneous, since the program is
only loaded from disk once.

The primary disadvantage of a memory resident program is that it
consumes system memory which would otherwise be available to execute
other programs. Most memory resident programs are loaded once at system
boot time and remain in memory permanently. Well designed memory
resident programs are carefully written to minimize the amount of memory
they use, and allow the user to configure the program to achieve a good
balance between functionality and memory consumption. Another more
subtle disadvantage is that most non-trivial memory resident programs
must employ a variety of techniques to work around the limitations in
the DOS operating system and the IBM-PC BIOS. Since there is not yet a
universally accepted standard for what these techniques should be, there
is no guarantee that any one memory resident program will be compatible
with another, or even with other non-memory resident programs.

However, enough of a standard has emerged to write useful memory
resident programs, and the benefits of frequently used programs greatly
outweigh the occasional incompatibilities for most users. This program
has been designed in such a way as to try and maximize its compatibility
with other programs. However, there is no guarantee that
incompatibilities will not arise with a specific program. When this
occurs, a good strategy to follow is to try to simplify the environment
as much as possible; remove other memory resident programs one at a
time, or try changing the order in which they are loaded.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 33

7.2 Installation

Unlike non-memory resident programs, SDR is normally only executed once,
immediately after the operating system is booted. This is best done by
placing the command "SDR" in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file which is
automatically executed by DOS after boot-up. As mentioned above, it may
be necessary to experiment with different loading orders of multiple
Terminate-and-Stay-Resident programs. In general, the more complex TSR
type programs (such as BORLAND's SideKick) should be loaded after
simpler TSR programs. Like most TSR programs, SDR should only be
installed at the top DOS command level, not from inside another program.

There are two SDR DOS command line switches (/q and /y) which may be
specified at installation time. A third switch (/r) is used to remove
the program from memory and is described below. These switches should
not be confused with those used once you have activated the program and
are operating inside it. The help screen displayed in response to the
/? switch (inside SDR) flags these switches with an (*) character as a
reminder that they are to be used on the DOS (not the SDR) command line.

The /q switch requests "quiet" installation mode. Normally, if the
installation is successful, SDR will display a message in a box showing
the total amount of memory it is using and the activation key sequence.
This message cannot be suppressed by redirecting it to the DOS "NUL"
device, since it is not displayed using standard DOS video services.
Specifying the /q switch will prevent the message from being displayed.

Similarly, the /y switch causes suppression of the message box which is
normally displayed when the program is activated by pressing the hot key
sequence. See the sections below for additional information. As an
example, you can install SDR and suppress both message boxes as follows:

D>SDR /Q/Y

Although it is rather unlikely, installation of SDR can be denied for
the following reasons:

1) DOS 2.0 or later is required.

2) The program has already been loaded into memory.

3) The directory or file buffer sizes requested are out of bounds. The
program was incorrectly patched - this can't happen if the available
configuration program (SDC) is used.

4) There is insufficient system memory available for the resident code,
data, directory and file buffers.

5) The program is unable to release memory it no longer needs.

6) The program is unable to allocate memory for the screen buffer.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 34

7.3 Activation

Since the program is "memory resident", it is available for use even
though another program is currently running. The program is activated by
pressing the activation or "hot" key combination. The default activation
key combination is CTRL-ESC (while holding down the CTRL key, press the
ESC key at the same time). These key combinations can be changed using
the configuration program so as not to conflict with their possible use
by other programs.

Although the program will usually be able to "go active" or "pop up",
there are a few situations where this is not possible (or desirable!):

1) If the program is already active. Pressing the activation key while
inside the program is sometimes used to exit a TSR program. Since a
different key (ESC) is used for this purpose in SDR, this is not
allowed.

2) If Disk I/O is in progress. Although not recommended, you may find
that you can safely pop up SDR in the middle of reading or writing to
a disk. At other times, the request may be denied. This is due to
the need to serialize access to non-reentrant code in the PC BIOS.

3) If the current video mode doesn't support at least 80 text columns.
Since SDR requires at least 80 columns on the screen in a valid text
mode, it will decline to activate if the current video mode is
incompatible with these requirements. The primary programs which use
incompatible video modes are BASIC programs which use 40 column text
mode or various dot graphics modes.

4) If a multitasking environment such as Microsoft Windows or DESQview
is currently being used. Since these environments involve complex
memory management functions, you should use SD rather than SDR. You
CAN use SDR with Windows/386 if you install it while inside Windows.

In the situations above, the activation request will be acknowledged by
an audible tone or "beep", so that there is no doubt that the request
was declined. However, there is another situation where the program may
not appear to activate. Some programs or commands may perform certain
long-running functions which do not provide an opportunity for TSR
programs to activate. A simple example is the TYPE command. If you
type a large file and press the activation key during the output, the
program will probably not go active and the audible tone will not be
generated. However, when the command ends, either normally or by a
CTRL-BREAK interrupt, SDR will activate. Some TSR programs simply
refuse to activate in this situation.

Another similar situation can occur when one TSR program is already
active and refuses to allow a second TSR program to even "see" its hot-
key sequence. This is a characteristic of "ill-behaved" TSR programs
which are all too common. Yet another scenario occurs when SDR "pops-
up" over another TSR program but appears to be "dead". Sometimes simply
pressing a few keys will cause the "deadly embrace" to end, although
these keys may be passed back to the previously invoked program.

Since SDR dynamically determines the video configuration, this means
that you can install it using one kind of video monitor and activate it
from another kind. You can switch between MDA, CGA, and EGA or VGA
monitors at will and SDR will adapt its operation to the monitor in use.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 35

7.4 Execution

After the activation key is accepted, the program "goes active" or "pops
up". At this point, the top few lines of the screen are cleared and a
box with several lines of information is displayed. A prompt appears on
the screen line below the box. Once you are familiar with the operation
of the program, you may wish to use the SDR DOS command line /y switch
to eliminate the box in order to save screen space. The following
options are now available:

1) Enter a valid command line. See below for details.

2) Press the RETURN key to display the current directory.

3) Enter /? to display command help information.

4) Press ESC or CTRL-C to return to the suspended program.

The complete form of the command line is:

D:\path> [/switches] [drive][path][filespec] [/switches]

The prompt string consists of the current drive letter, followed by the
current directory path for the drive, followed by the prompt character
(which may be configured). The SDR prompt may appear alarmingly similar
to your DOS system prompt; the DOS command: PROMPT $P$G generates the
same type of prompt string. To avoid confusion, SDR allows the prompt
character to be changed, and the default is a graphics character
different from the usual (>) character.

The rest of the command line parameters (drive, path, filespec, and
switches) are just like those accepted by the SD.COM program. Please
refer to the documentation for SD for details.

The command line must be terminated by the RETURN or ENTER key. The
Backspace key may be used to remove previously typed characters on the
command line. Since SDR must avoid the use of DOS console services in
resident code, utilities like CED and PCED which allow editing the DOS
command line will unfortunately not function inside SDR.

After the output of the current command is displayed, the prompt string
is redisplayed. This allows you to enter as many commands as desired
before returning to the suspended program. Keep in mind that the
program which was in control when the activation key was pressed is in a
suspended state; this implies that you will not wish to activate SDR
(even though it is allowed) when executing a time-critical program. A
good example of this is a modem communication program which is in the
middle of a file transfer with a remote system.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 36

To see SDR in operation, try the following example:

1) Execute the BASIC language interpreter with the command: BASICA

2) Enter the following BASIC command: FOR I=1 TO 999 : ? I,SQR(I) : NEXT

3) Press RETURN and wait until the screen fills

4) Press the SDR activation keys: CTRL-ESC

5) Press RETURN several times to display the directory

6) Press ESC to return to the BASIC program

7) Notice that the program picks up where it left off

8) Press CTRL-BREAK to terminate the BASIC program

Unlike most programs, you can't type ahead while the program is running.
This is due to the need to monitor the keyboard in order to pause the
screen output. If you wish to begin typing a new command, simply press
ESCAPE or CTRL-C to terminate the output, and then type the next SDR
command. ESCAPE causes the program to terminate immediately, whereas
CTRL-C closes the file box and displays the disk space totals line.

Console output may be paused by pressing any other key and may be
restarted in two different ways. If the RETURN or PAGE-DOWN key is
pressed, screen output resumes until the either the screen fills or the
output finishes. If any other key is pressed, only a single line of
additional screen output is displayed. This allows you to easily
control the displayed output so as to minimize the loss of existing
screen data by scrolling. The Space Bar or the DOWN-ARROW key is
recommended for use in single line scrolling mode.

7.5 Termination

The only way to exit from SDR to the suspended program is by pressing
the ESC or CTRL-C key from the SDR command prompt. Pressing CTRL-BREAK
will not exit from SDR and will appear to be ignored, but the interrupt
may be seen by the suspended program when SDR is exited normally.

If the ESC key is used to exit from SDR, the console screen is restored
to its original state, and the cursor position and size are restored to
their original state when the original program was suspended.

If the CTRL-C key is used to exit from SDR and the original screen line
containing the cursor before SDR was activated is still visible, the
cursor is restored to its original state, but the screen is NOT
restored. A divider line is displayed over the last SDR prompt line to
clearly separate the original and subsequent screen output. The reason
for this behavior is to allow you to retain output generated by SDR in
order to be able to refer to it when you return to the suspended
program. Once the original cursor line is overwritten, either by screen
output, scrolling, or clearing the screen, CTRL-C will cause the entire
screen to be restored, just like ESC. Therefore, if you plan to use
this feature, you will want to position the cursor as close to the
bottom of the screen as possible before activating SDR. Once you have
referred to the SDR output, you may wish to perform an action in the
suspended program which will cause the screen to be rewritten, in
order to avoid confusion and to resynchronize the display.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 37

7.6 Removal

SDR prevents the user from loading multiple copies of itself in order to
avoid wasting memory. It can be removed from memory by running it again
with the /r command line switch specified. This is helpful when the
program is being configured for different screen colors, etc. in order
to avoid a system reboot to load a new copy of the program. It can also
be useful if the need arises to release as much memory as possible for
some other purpose.

Although it is rather unlikely, removal of SDR can be denied for the
following reasons:

1) The program is not already loaded in memory.

2) Interrupt vectors previously saved and changed by the program have
been subsequently altered by another program.

3) The program is unable to release memory it no longer needs.

SDR will decline to remove itself from memory if it determines that
another TSR program has stolen one of the interrupt vectors which it
saves and then changes. In this case, you must remove the other program
from memory before you can remove SDR. A good example is when BORLAND's
SideKick utility is used with SDR. In this case, install SDR first and
SideKick second. You must remove SideKick first, and SDR second. This
is necessary since SideKick constantly monitors the interrupt vectors it
steals and if it detects that another program has stolen them, it steals
them back again! If you cannot remove a TSR program loaded after SDR
(such as the DOS PRINT command) then you will not be able to remove SDR.

Although a few TSR programs provide a means of deinstalling themselves
from memory (such as SDR), most do not. However, there are several
utilities available which provide this capability. MARK and RELEASE by
TurboPower Software and INSTALL and REMOVE by PC Magazine are readily
available on many Bulletin Boards. These programs require that you
execute a special program before installing a TSR program, and another
program when you wish to remove the TSR program. They work by saving
information about the state of the Interrupt Vector Table and DOS Memory
Control Blocks so that this information can be subsequently restored,
thus effectively removing the TSR program.

There are also several utility programs available (PMAP or MAPMEM) which
display all of the currently loaded TSR programs, along with information
on how much memory they use, which interrupts they "steal", etc. By
observing which interrupts are stolen by each TSR program, it is
possible to determine which programs are likely to conflict with each
other once they are installed.

If you use one of these programs to display the currently loaded TSR
programs, you may notice that some are identified by their program
names and some are not. Starting with DOS V3, the path and program
name used to execute a program are stored in the program environment
memory block. It is generally considered good practice for a TSR
program to release this environment block (usually less than 100 bytes)
at the time it is installed, and SDR does this. A side effect of this
action is that programs which scan the memory control blocks and
display information about TSR programs cannot obtain the program name.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 38

If the TSR memory map program you use displays the text of the DOS
command line used to install the program, you can place the name of the
program on the command line as a parameter (to itself!) so that it will
show up on the memory map listing. For example:

D>SDR SDR /Q

When any TSR program is removed from memory and it is not the last
loaded TSR program, a gap in memory will result from the creation of
the resulting free memory block. DOS will not normally be able to
use this memory unless all TSR programs above it are first removed.
This implies that TSR programs should always be removed in the opposite
order in which they were installed, in order to maximize the use of
available memory for other programs.

7.7 Switch Differences

Although most of the command line switches function the same in SDR as
they do in SD, there are differences due to the operating environment.

Although the /e switch may still be used to clear the screen before the
execution of an individual command, using the SDC program to turn this
switch ON as a default will cause the entire screen to be cleared each
time SDR "pops-up", but not automatically for each subsequent command.

The Environment Size, TSR Memory, and System Memory Used and Free values
displayed by the /i switch reflect the system memory at the time just
after SDR was installed and may be incorrect if other TSR programs have
been subsequently loaded.

If SDR is activated from the DOS command prompt (not from inside another
program), it will not be able to read the Boot Sector for ANY drive
under OS/2, or drives above C: under DOS. In this case, some of the
disk parameter values will appear as NONE or zeros.

The /q switch requests "quiet" installation of SDR when specified on the
DOS command line as described above. When used inside SDR, it functions
just as it does in SD to generate "quick" output without user prompts.

The /r switch is normally used in SD to allow the program output to be
redirected to a file or to the printer. Since this function is performed
by the DOS command interpreter, it is not available inside a memory
resident program. The /r switch is used to remove SDR from memory (when
specified on the DOS command line to execute SDR), and is ignored if it
is specified on the command line inside SDR.

The /w switch resets the screen to 25 lines after the execution of the
current command in SDR, NOT when SDR returns to the suspended program.

The /y switch is normally used in SD to cause the screen to be saved and
restored. When specified on the SDR DOS command line, it suppresses the
activation message box. If you often use the CTRL-C key to exit from
SDR, you may wish to specify /y when installing SDR so that you have
more room to use on the screen. The /y switch is ignored if it is
specified on the command line inside SDR.

The SD /$ switch, which is designed to facilitate the operation of SD
when it is executed inside a DOS Batch file, is not implemented in SDR.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 39

The EGA and VGA switches (/25, /35, /43, /50) should be used cautiously.
If you use an EGA or VGA video adaptor and wish to use more than 25
screen lines, make sure you select screen buffer type 2 (8000 bytes) in
the configuration program. Otherwise, only the first 25 lines of the
original screen will be restored. Even so, it is recommended that you
reset the screen to its original size before returning to the suspended
program, unless it is known to be able to tolerate this kind of dynamic
video mode switching.

It should be kept in mind that SDR has several restrictions placed on it
which do not apply to the simpler operating environment of SD. Even
though SDR can be activated from the DOS command prompt, you may prefer
to use SD in this situation for the following reasons:

1) Previous screen output is more readily visible.

2) More directories and files can be processed.

3) Output may be redirected to a file or device.

4) Full disk parameter information is available for
all disk drives when requested by the /i switch.

SDR should therefore not be viewed as a total replacement for SD, but as
a supplementary program which is available in more environments.

7.8 Configuration

The SDR program may be configured (using SDC) or patched (using DEBUG)
to change the various program defaults to those you prefer. The SDC
program is preferred over DEBUG since it is much easier and safer to use
and allows you to decide which combination of screen colors you prefer.
It also allows you to first configure the SD program for the default
switches and screen colors you prefer and to then transfer these values
to the SDR program, without having to leave the configuration program.
You will then only have to configure the options which are unique to
SDR. Please run the DEMO2.BAT file to see examples of the SDC program.

If you are using DEBUG, you will need to refer to the section titled
Patch Area Format to obtain the necessary offsets and data values.

Activation Key Specification

Great care should be taken in selecting the activation or hot key
sequence. It must be unique enough that it will never be needed for any
other purpose by any program you normally use. This usually means that
an ALT or CTRL key combination is the best choice.

For PC-AT style keyboards, the SysReq key cannot be used as a hot key
since it is processed differently from the other standard keys. The
new keys on enhanced 101 key keyboards such as F11 and F12 also cannot
be used since they are processed differently by the ROM BIOS.

Hot Key Control Codes (select any combination from 0-15)

1 = Right Shift Key 4 = Ctrl Key
2 = Left Shift Key 8 = Alt Key

The default hot key control code is 4 (CTRL).

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 40

Hot Key Scan Codes (select any value from 0-255)

Escape = 01 Home = 71 Shift F1-F10 = 84- 93
1234567890-= = 02-13 Up Arrow = 72 Ctrl F1-F10 = 94-103
Back Space = 14 Page Up = 73 Alt F1-F10 = 104-113
Tab = 15 Left Arrow = 75 Ctrl PrtSc = 114
QWERTYUIOP[] = 16-27 Right Arrow = 77 Ctrl Left Arrow = 115
Enter = 28 Keypad + = 78 Ctrl Right Arrow = 116
ASDFGHJKL;'` = 30-41 End = 79 Ctrl End = 117
\ZXCVBNM,./ = 43-53 Down Arrow = 80 Ctrl PgDn = 118
* = 55 Page Down = 81 Ctrl Home = 119
Space = 57 Insert = 82 Alt 1234567890-= = 120-131
F1-F10 = 59-68 Delete = 83 Ctrl Pgup = 132

The default hot key scan code is 1 (ESC).

Hot Key String

You may enter a character string of from 1 to 16 characters which will
be displayed as part of the program's installation message as a reminder
of the hot key sequence. The default hot key string is CTRL-ESCAPE Keys.
If you use DEBUG, make sure that the string is padded with trailing
spaces through the 16th character, if necessary, and that the next
character is a NULL (hexadecimal 00).

Prompt Character Specification

The default prompt character (code 26, a graphics right arrow symbol)
was chosen to be different from, but similar to the standard DOS command
line prompt character. You may change it to any standard or extended
ASCII character from 0-255.

SDR Memory Usage

Dir Buffer Minimum Default Maximum
---------- ------- ------- -------
Bytes 512 1024 4096
Dirs 32 64 256

File Buffer Minimum Default Maximum
----------- ------- ------- -------
Bytes 2560 8192 40960
Files per Dir 102 327 1638
ARC/ZIP Files 88 282 1412

Memory Usage Minimum Default Maximum
------------ ------- ------- -------
Code & Data 18544 18544 18544
Dir Buffer 512 1024 4096
File Buffer 2560 8192 40960
Screen Buffer 4000 4000 8000
Total 25616 31760 71600

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 41

Buffer Size Specifications

The choice of the directory and file buffer size values is based on a
trade-off between minimizing the amount of memory used and allowing for
a reasonable number of directories and files. Each directory buffer
entry uses a variable number of bytes from 4 to 70, depending on the
length of the directory name. For the purposes of performing some
calculations, we will assume an average directory name length of 13
characters, or 16 bytes per directory buffer entry. Each file buffer
entry uses 25 bytes per file or 29 bytes for files in ARC or ZIP files.

The default buffer sizes are 1024 bytes for about 64 directory entries
and 8192 bytes for about 327 files per directory or 282 files per ARC
or ZIP file. The directory buffer is only used when processing global
directories with the /g switch. Its size may range from 512 to 4096
bytes. The file buffer is always used and contains all of the file and
subdirectory names for an individual directory or ARC or ZIP file. Its
size may range from 2560 to 40960 bytes. The size of the resident code
and data excluding these two buffers is currently about 18544 bytes.
The buffer used to save the screen may be configured for either 4000 or
8000 bytes. You can therefore configure the program to use as little as
about 25Kb of memory or as much as about 70Kb.

The total memory used not including the screen buffer must be less than
64Kb. This limit is strictly enforced; you will receive the "Memory
error" message when installing SDR if the total configured memory size
exceeds this. If you attempt to exceed the configured buffer size
limits when running the program, you will receive the "Too many dirs" or
"Too many files" message, and the resulting output will be incomplete.

The default screen buffer size is 4000 bytes. This is sufficient for
either a Monochrome or CGA equipped PC. However, if you use an EGA or
VGA monitor and sometimes use more than 25 lines on the screen, you may
wish to configure an 8000 byte screen buffer to allow for up to 50 lines
of 80 characters. Failure to do this will result in only the first 25
screen lines being restored. Use of special video modes which support
more than 80 characters per line (43 rows x 132 columns) may also result
in only partial screen restoration.

7.9 Error Messages

The following error messages are displayed and system return codes set
for various conditions which may arise. An audible tone is generated to
alert the user of severe errors. The return codes may be tested using
the standard DOS IF ERRORLEVEL statement in a .BAT file.

No matching files (directory may be empty)
Bad switch (use /? for help information)
Bad drive (doesn't exist or syntax error)
Bad path (doesn't exist or syntax error)
Bad filespec (syntax error)
Bad date (too large or syntax error)
Too many dirs (buffer limit exceeded for /g)
Too many files (buffer limit exceeded)
Disk error (floppy disk not in drive or unformatted)

0 - Removed (in response to /r switch)
1 - Already loaded (can't reload unless removed)
2 - Not loaded (can't remove unless loaded)
3 - Can't remove (interrupt vectors changed)
4 - Memory error (insufficient or (de)allocation problem)

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 42

8.0 CUSTOMIZATION

8.1 Configuring the Program

The SD program may be configured (using SDC) or patched (using DEBUG) to
change the various program defaults to those you prefer. The SDC
program is preferred over DEBUG since it is much easier and safer to use
and allows you to decide which combination of screen colors you prefer.
It also allows you to judge the effect of your changes by alternately
modifying the SD program and executing the modified program, all without
having to leave the configuration program. Please run the DEMO2.BAT
file to see some examples of SDC program output.

If you are using DEBUG, you will need to refer to the section titled
Patch Area Format to obtain the necessary offsets and data values.
The following example shows how to use DEBUG to patch the SD program:

D>DEBUG SD.COM (Load SD.COM into memory using DEBUG)
-E107 '4' (Change the default number of columns to 4)
-E118 01 (Display the volume label as a default)
-E11C 1E (Change directory colors to Yellow on Blue)
-W (Write the modified file back to disk)
-Q (Exit to DOS from DEBUG)
D>SD (Execute the modified version of SD.COM)

Screen Color Configuration

Although it is possible to configure the SD program using either a color
or monochrome monitor, best results will be obtained if you are using
the target monitor since you will be better able to judge the effect
of different screen color combinations. If you are using a laptop
computer with a LCD display screen, you may wish to set all colors to
White on Black for better readability. You can do this as follows:

D>DEBUG SD.COM (Load SD.COM into memory using DEBUG)
-F11C L 10 7 (Change all screen colors to White on Black)
-W (Write the modified file back to disk)
-Q (Exit to DOS from DEBUG)
D>SD (Execute the modified version of SD.COM)

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 43

The foreground and background colors (screen attributes) used for the
following screen fields may be configured:

DIRECTORY COLORS apply to individual subdirectory entries.

SYSTEM COLORS apply to files with the System attribute.

HIDDEN COLORS apply to files with the Hidden attribute, but not the
System attribute.

READ/ONLY COLORS apply to files with the Read/Only attribute, but
neither the System nor Hidden attribute.

ARCHIVE COLORS apply to files with the Archive attribute, but neither
the System, Hidden, or Read/Only attribute.

FILE COLORS apply to files with none of the above mentioned attributes.

ARC FILE COLORS apply to file entries INSIDE ARC files.

ZIP FILE COLORS apply to file entries INSIDE ZIP files.

FILE SIZE COLORS apply to the file size, clusters, and percent of space
used fields.

FILE DATE COLORS apply to the file date and time fields.

FILE MISC COLORS apply to the file starting cluster and sector and file
attribute fields for non-ARC files and file CRC codes for ARC files.
These are also used for empty file box entries and (K)ilobyte symbols.

GRAPHICS COLORS apply to the graphics characters which are used to
form the border lines of boxes.

TITLE COLORS apply to the title fields for the various boxes displayed
by the /? and /i switches.

TEXT COLORS apply to the text strings which precede numeric or string
values in the leading and trailing text lines and to the text in the
boxes displayed for the /? and /i switches.

INFO COLORS apply to the numeric or string values which follow the text
strings in the leading and trailing text lines and to the values in the
boxes displayed for the /i switch.

NORMAL COLORS apply to the trailing characters on each output line, the
new output lines created when the screen is scrolled and the SDR prompt
line. These colors should be set to the standard screen colors used at
the DOS command prompt.

The Graphics, Text, Info and Normal Colors should be selected so that
they all use the same background color (the default is Black), for best
results. The remaining colors should be selected so that they are
sufficiently different from one another to be individually recognizable
and are easily readable on the video monitor being used. Although there
are 2048 possible color combinations, only a few are tolerable for long.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 44

8.2 SDC Configuration Program

SDC.EXE is a utility program which is used to configure the Sorted
Directory Utility Program (SD.COM) or the Memory Resident Sorted
Directory Utility Program (SDR.COM). It operates on IBM-PC compatible
computer systems using the IBM PC-DOS or Microsoft MS-DOS Operating
System Version 2.0 or higher.

SDC can be used with either MDA, CGA, MCGA, EGA, or VGA video adaptors
and monitors, but should be used on the target system, for best results.
The SDC screen displays are normally shown using various colors if a
color video adaptor is in use. Some LCD video screens used on laptop
computers can make it difficult to see certain color combinations. If
you prefer to use SDC in Black and White mode, execute the following DOS
command before running the SDC program:

D>SET SDCDISP=MONO

You may wish to initially set all screen color combinations to White on
Black if you are using a laptop computer, for the same reason.

Program Operation

SDC allows you to configure SD.COM, alternately changing one or more
program defaults and then executing SD.COM to observe the result, all
without having to terminate the SDC program. Once you are satisfied
with the changes made to SD.COM, you can transfer them to the SDR.COM
file and then adjust the remaining SDR defaults to your preferences.

Changes made by SDC to the SD.COM or SDR.COM files are effective as soon
as they are specified, not when the SDC program is terminated. You may
exit from the program at any time by pressing the CTRL-BREAK keys.

Program Structure

SDC displays two function selection menus. The Main Menu is used to
specify which program you wish to configure. The Option Menu is used to
specify which default values you wish to change for the selected
program. The Option Menus for SD and SDR are slightly different.

Main Configuration Menu

1 = Configure SD.COM Program
2 = Configure SDR.COM Program
3 = Exit Configuration Program

You will be asked which program you wish to configure, and then for the
name of the executable file (normally SD.COM or SDR.COM). Several tests
are made to insure that the specified file exists, is the proper program
type, and is the proper version for the configuration program.

Configuration Option Menu For SD.COM

1 = Display or Change Sort Options
2 = Display or Change Filename Columns
3 = Display or Change Switch Values
4 = Display or Change Screen Colors
5 = Execute Configured SD Program
6 = Transfer SD Program Options to SDR
7 = Exit to Main Configuration Menu

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 45

Configuration Option Menu For SDR.COM

1 = Display or Change Sort Options
2 = Display or Change Filename Columns
3 = Display or Change Switch Values
4 = Display or Change Screen Colors
5 = Display or Change Hot Key or Prompt
6 = Display or Change Buffer Sizes
7 = Exit to Main Configuration Menu

Common Options

1 = Display or Change Sort Type (/F/X/B/D/C/N)
Display or Change Sort Direction (+ OR -)

This option allows you to change the default sort type and direction
which will be used to sort the file entries.

2 = Display or Change Filename Columns (/1/2/4/6)

This option allows you to change the default number of filename output
columns, and inversely, the level of detail for the file information.

3 = Display or Change Switch Values (/E/H/K/O/P/Q/S/U/V/W)

This option allows you to specify the default state of the output toggle
switches. Although there are a number of other output switches which
may be specified on the SD or SDR command line, it is normally only
reasonable to change the default values of the switches listed here.

4 = Display or Change Screen Colors or Attributes

This option allows you to change the colors or monochrome attributes of
16 individual screen fields. Separate defaults are maintained for color
and monochrome monitors. For a color monitor, you may specify the
foreground (0-15) and background (0-7) color combination. For a
monochrome monitor, you may specify the screen attributes (normal video,
reverse video, or underlined) each of which may be intensified.

Options Specific to SD

5 = Execute Configured SD Program

This option allows you to execute the configured SD program to observe
the effect of the changes you have made. You are prompted for a command
line and may execute the SD program any number of times with any desired
command line switches, etc. SDC is a compiled Microsoft QuickBasic
program. Since it has been determined that the SHELL function used to
run SD.COM without leaving SDC doesn't work reliably with DOS Version 2,
you should avoid using this option if you are using DOS Version 2.

6 = Transfer SD Program Options to SDR

This option allows you to automatically transfer all of the common
option values you have configured in the SD.COM file to the SDR.COM file
so you don't have to respecify them.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 46

Options Specific to SDR

5 = Display or Change Hot Key or Prompt

This option allows you to specify the Activation (Hot) Key and command
line prompt character used by SDR. The Hot Key Control Code can be any
combination of the ALT, CTRL, LEFT-SHIFT, and/or RIGHT-SHIFT keys. The
Hot Key Scan Code can be any value selected from the displayed list. The
Hot Key String can be up to 16 characters long and should be selected to
describe the configured Hot Key since it will be displayed at the time
SDR is installed in memory, as a reminder. The Prompt Character can be
any regular or extended ASCII character from 0 to 255.

6 = Display or Change Buffer Sizes

This option allows you to specify the size of the SDR Directory, File,
and Screen Buffers. The values should be carefully selected to be just
large enough to handle the maximum number of directories and files in a
single directory that you are likely to encounter. The screen buffer
size should be selected based on the video display adaptor you normally
use. Please refer to the section on SDR for additional information.

8.3 Patch Area Format

The following information is only provided as a reference for those who
need to use DEBUG to change the program defaults; it is not needed to
run the SDC configuration program.

The following data area at the beginning of the SD.COM file may be
modified using the standard DOS DEBUG program. Only the data values
beginning with the Sort Type field should be modified. Only the toggle
switches marked (SDC) should normally be turned ON as a default.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 47

SDC DEBUG Field Default Possible
Offset Offset Description Value Values
------ ------ ----------- ------- --------
01 0100 Jump Instruction - ?? ?? ??
04 0103 Program Type - 1=SD.COM, 2=SDR.COM
05 0104 Program Version - 62H = Version 6.2

06 0105 Sort Type 'X' 'B','C','D','F','X','N'
07 0106 Sort Direction '+' '+','-'
08 0107 Filename Columns '2' '1','2','4','6'

09 0108 Process ARC Files 0 /A = 0,1
10 0109 Erase Console Screen 0 /E = 0,1 (SDC)
11 010A Process Global Dirs 0 /G = 0,1
12 010B Horizontal Sequence 0 /H = 0,1 (SDC)
13 010C System Information 0 /I = 0,1
14 010D Just Display Colors 0 /J = 0,1
15 010E Space in Kilobytes 0 /K = 0,1 (SDC)
16 010F List File Names 0 /L = 0,1
17 0110 Display Directory Map 0 /M = 0,1 (SDC)
18 0111 Date/Time Format 0 /O = 0,1 (SDC)
19 0112 Measure CPU Performance 0 /P = 0,1
20 0113 Quick Output 0 /Q = 0,1 (SDC)
21 0114 Redirected Output 0 /R = 0,1 (SD)
22 0115 System & Hidden Files 1 /S = 0,1 (SDC)
23 0116 Totals Lines Only 0 /T = 0,1
24 0117 Upper/Lower Case 0 /U = 0,1 (SDC)
25 0118 Display Volume Label 0 /V = 0,1 (SDC)
26 0119 Reset to 25 Screen Rows 0 /W = 0,1 (SDC)
27 011A Restore Original Screen 0 /Y = 0,1 (SD)
Suppress Activation Msg 0 /Y = 0,1 (SDR)
28 011B Process ZIP Files 0 /Z = 0,1

29 011C Directory FG/BG Colors 11+16*1 I Cyan on Blue
30 011D System FG/BG Colors 12+16*0 I Red on Black
31 011E Hidden FG/BG Colors 13+16*0 I Magenta on Black
32 011F Read/Only FG/BG Colors 9+16*0 I Blue on Black
33 0120 Archive FG/BG Colors 14+16*0 I Yellow on Black
34 0121 File FG/BG Colors 15+16*0 I White on Black
35 0122 ARC File FG/BG Colors 14+16*1 I Yellow on Blue
36 0123 ZIP File FG/BG Colors 15+16*1 I White on Blue
37 0124 Size FG/BG Colors 11+16*0 I Cyan on Black
38 0125 Date FG/BG Colors 10+16*0 I Green on Black
39 0126 Misc FG/BG Colors 9+16*0 I Blue on Black
40 0127 Graphics FG/BG Colors 4+16*0 Red on Black
41 0128 Title FG/BG Colors 7+16*1 White on Blue
42 0129 Text FG/BG Colors 2+16*0 Green on Black
43 012A Info FG/BG Colors 3+16*0 Cyan on Black
44 012B Normal FG/BG Colors 7+16*0 White on Black

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 48

45 012C Directory Mono Attrs 0+16*7 Reverse Video
46 012D System Mono Attrs 9+16*0 I Underlined
47 012E Hidden Mono Attrs 1+16*0 Underlined
48 012F Read/Only Mono Attrs 1+16*0 Underlined
49 0130 Archive Mono Attrs 15+16*0 I Intensified
50 0131 File Mono Attrs 7+16*0 Normal Video
51 0132 ARC File Mono Attrs 15+16*0 I Intensified
52 0133 ZIP File Mono Attrs 15+16*0 I Intensified
53 0134 Size Mono Attrs 7+16*0 Normal Video
54 0135 Date Mono Attrs 7+16*0 Normal Video
55 0136 Misc Mono Attrs 7+16*0 Normal Video
56 0137 Graphics Mono Attrs 7+16*0 Normal Video
57 0138 Title Mono Attrs 0+16*7 Reverse Video
58 0139 Text Mono Attrs 7+16*0 Normal Video
59 013A Info Mono Attrs 15+16*0 I Intensified
60 013B Normal Mono Attrs 7+16*0 Normal Video

61 013C Hot Key Control Code 4 0-15 (SDR)
62 013D Hot Key Scan Code 1 0-255 (SDR)
63 013E Hot Key String CTRL-ESCAPE Keys 16 chars,NULL (SDR)
80 014F Prompt Character 26 0-255 (SDR)
81 0150 Dir Buffer Length 1024 512-4096 (SDR)
83 0152 File Buffer Length 8192 2560-40960 (SDR)
85 0154 Screen Buffer Type 1 1/2=4000/8000 (SDR)

Color Codes

0 = Black 1 = Blue 2 = Green 3 = Cyan
4 = Red 5 = Magenta 6 = Brown 7 = White

SD dynamically selects either the color or monochrome attributes
specified at the offsets in the table above, based on the type of
video display adaptor being used.

Once the desired foreground and background colors (attributes) have been
selected for a screen field, compute the field attribute byte using the
formula: ATTRIBUTE = FCOLOR+16*BCOLOR, where FCOLOR and BCOLOR are the
foreground and background colors (attributes), respectively.

Intensified foreground colors corresponding to the 8 standard colors may
be selected by adding 8 to the foreground color number. For example,
specify foreground color (6+8)=14 to get a foreground Yellow color
instead of the unintensified Brown. The blinking attribute (for
foreground characters) may be selected by adding 8 to the background
color number. However, use of this attribute is not recommended, since
it may be distracting. For a monochrome monitor, selecting Blue on
Black (1+16*0) will cause the screen field to be underlined.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 49

9.0 APPENDICES

9.1 Error Messages and Return Codes

The following error messages are displayed and system return codes set
for various conditions which may arise. An audible tone is generated to
alert the user of the error (for code 2 and above) in case the output is
being redirected. The return codes may be tested using the standard DOS
IF ERRORLEVEL statement in a .BAT file.

0 - One or more matching files were found.
1 - No matching files were found.
2 - Bad switch or ESCAPE or CTRL-C pressed.
3 - Bad drive (doesn't exist or syntax error).
4 - Bad path (doesn't exist or syntax error).
5 - Bad file specification (syntax error).
6 - Bad date (too large or syntax error).
7 - Too many directories (when /g is specified).
8 - Too many files (partial information displayed).

If there is insufficient space in the directory and/or file buffers to
hold the specified directories and files, as many entries as will fit in
the buffers are processed in the order they are selected.

Other errors which are detected relate to the processing of ARC or ZIP
files. The first type are standard DOS file I/O error codes which can
occur when opening, reading, or closing files. The error message is:

Error on , where is as follows:

1 - Invalid function code 5 - Access denied
2 - File not found 6 - Invalid handle
3 - Path not found 12 - Invalid access value
4 - Too many open files

The only one of these errors which is likely to occur is 4, in which
case you need to increase the FILES specification in CONFIG.SYS.

The second type of error is caused by bad data in the header field for a
file in an ARC or ZIP file, or attempting to process a file with the /a
or /z switch which is not an ARC or ZIP file. The error message is:

Bad header in

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 50

9.2 Modification History

01-Jun-89 ... V6.2

Changed /m switch to display graphic directory tree map.
Changed /p switch to measure CPU performance for /i switch.
Added /tn switch to request suppression of totals lines.
Changed EGA Memory to include other types of Video Memory.
Determine Total Extended RAM from CMOS RAM information and
display Extended RAM Used, Free, and Total for /i switch.
Added PC System Type ID to /i for Pre-PS/2 system types.
Combined Processor Type and Performance on the same line.
Added display of Screen Size (number of rows and columns).
Added display of current Video Mode after Adaptor Type.
Modified to run in a DESQview window without redirection.
Modified to work correctly with more than 80 screen columns.
Modified to reset VGA 400 line screen mode if /25 specified.
Modified to reset video mode 3 if bad video mode is detected.
Don't display . and .. entries if /l switch is specified.
Count . and .. entries as files if /sd switch is specified.
Use character after /r for box border graphics characters.
Reduced default SDR file buffer size from 10240 to 8192.

9.3 Product Support

This product represents more than a thousand hours of work over several
years. I believe it is a good example of the SHAREWARE concept; you
get to try the product without prior commitment and only choose to
support it if you find it useful. Many of the continuing improvements
have been implemented in response to user suggestions and requests.
If you find that you continue to use this product once you have become
familiar with it, it is obviously of some value to you; please support
the SHAREWARE concept by registering your copy and sharing the SD62.ARC
or SD62.ZIP file with other users.

The distribution file may be freely copied and distributed as long as
the only charge is for media and reproduction costs, etc. Under no
conditions should the program either be sold for a profit or distributed
in modified form without the permission of the author. Site and
Corporate licenses are available on request for use in corporate or
government organizations. The SITE.FRM file contains a Site License
Agreement Form. Special versions are available on request.

As supplied, the programs in this product are fully functional with no
missing or crippled features. However, the SHAREWARE concept is a two
way process. The version of the SD program contained in the distribution
file will display a gentle registration reminder message after it has
been executed 20 or more times since the operating system was booted.
Registered users will receive a version of the program without the
message. Previously registered users and Bulletin Board SYSOPs may
contact the author for information on removing the message, for their
private use only.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 51

In order to keep the size of the distribution file reasonable, and to
encourage users to register their copy of this product, the SDC
configuration utility program is only available through the mail when
you register your copy of SD. This easy-to-use program provides full
screen color menus which allow you to change any of the default sort
options, screen colors, command line switch values, or other program
options in SD or SDR to the defaults you prefer. Although you can also
use the DOS DEBUG program to make these changes by patching the SD or
SDR files, SDC makes this process much quicker and safer.

To register your copy of SD, please print and complete the order and
registration form contained in the file ORDER.FRM and return it together
with a contribution of $20. Use of the order form is optional; it is
simply included as a convenience to users. In return, you will receive
a disk containing the latest version of all of the SD utility programs,
including the SDC configuration program.

The full Assembly Language source code for the SD, SDR and VSN programs
and the BASIC Language source code for the SDC program is available on a
second disk for an additional $20. Obtaining this second disk will
enable you to see how the programs work, learn more about assembly
language programming, or make your own enhancements.

If you do improve the program, please let me know so that the results
can be shared with other users. I prefer to coordinate all changes so
that they are released in an orderly fashion. Full source code is
included with all Site Licenses.

A comprehensive DOS HELP utility is available separately which provides
quick, friendly access to complete DOS command reference information for
DOS 2.0-4.0. This product eliminates the need to have several manuals
at the computer when command reference information is needed. The
data base files are user extensible. The HELP programs and format
of the data base files were designed to be easily updated using a
standard text editor. You can even create new HELP data base files for
your favorite word processor, modem communications program or
programming language.

The DEMO2.BAT file provides a demonstration of some of the capabilities
of this product. The DOS HELP utility is also available for a
contribution of $20. Please specify whether you want the IBM PC-DOS or
ZENITH MS-DOS Version of the HELP Utility. Site Licenses are also
available for this product. This is not a SHAREWARE product and is only
available through the mail.

Even if you don't register or formally support these products, please
share copies of the distribution file with other users and/or upload
copies to Computer Bulletin Boards you use.

Users who have supported this product in the past are largely
responsible for the existence of the current version. Previously
registered users can receive the latest version of the SD Utility Disk
or DOS HELP Disk for a $10 contribution, at any time. I normally supply
5.25" 360Kb disks. If you prefer to receive 3.5" 720Kb disks, please
indicate this on the order form and add $2.50. If you are ordering 2 or
more disks and prefer to receive 5.25" 1.2Mb disks, please indicate this
on the order form (there is no extra charge). I can accept checks,
money orders and purchase orders.

SD V6.2 User's Guide Page 52

You may obtain the latest version of the SD distribution file from the
following Information Services and Bulletin Boards:

GENIE IBM-PC Software Library
COMPUSERVE IBM-PC Software Library
Computer Connections Bulletin Board (202) 547-2008

If you wish to contact me with problem reports, suggestions for
improvements, and/or especially large financial donations, I can be
reached using the information provided below:

John F. Stetson (Home) (301) 946-5615 (8PM-11PM EST)
42 Tivoli Lake Court (Work) (301) 340-4544 (10AM-6PM EST)
Silver Spring, Md. 20906

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IBM and PC-DOS are trademarks of IBM Corporation.
MICROSOFT and MS-DOS are trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.
DESQview is a trademark of Quarterdeck Office Systems.
SideKick is a trademark of BORLAND International Corporation.
ARC is a trademark of SEA Corporation.
PKZIP and PKUNZIP are trademarks of PKWARE Corporation.
LIST is copyrighted by Vernon D. Buerg.
CED, PCED and PMAP are copyrighted by C. J. Dunford.

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