Category : Various Text files
Archive   : PRIMER.ZIP
Filename : PRIMER.PS

%!
% This file is a NONconforming PostScript file.
% Copyright 1989 Stephan v. Bechtolsheim (unless otherwise stated)
% applies to various prologue files. Read documentation for details.
save
% dvitps: BEGIN including file "/usr/misc/TeX/lib/TeXPS/pro/texpre.pro"
/@bop0
{
PsPrintEnabled { (Pass0: Page ) print == flush } {pop} ifelse
} def
/@eop0 {
pop
} def
/@bop1
{
PsPrintEnabled { (Pass1: Page ) print == flush } {pop} ifelse
save
DviTranslateVector-X DviTranslateVector-Y translate
DviOrientationMatrix concat
Page-H-Offset Page-V-Offset translate
3 1 roll
translate
0 0 moveto
Draft-Flag { @Draft } if
/DriverDelta 0 def
} def
/@eop1 {
pop
showpage
restore
} def
/@end {
(Done!\n) print flush
} def
/@ReportVmStatus {
(\n@ReportVmStatus: ) print
print (: ) print
vmstatus
(max: ) print 20 string cvs print
(, used: ) print 20 string cvs print
(, level: ) print 20 string cvs print
(\n) print flush
} def
/@ReportVmStatusNew {
(VM: ) print
exch print
(, printer: ) print
/Vmfree vmstatus pop exch pop def Vmfree ( ) cvs print
(, driver: ) print dup ( ) cvs print
(, delta: ) print
Vmfree sub ( ) cvs print
(\n) print flush
} def
/@Draft {
gsave
Page-H-Offset neg Page-V-Offset neg translate
-45 rotate
-150 0 moveto
/Helvetica-Bold findfont
[120.0 0 0 -120.0 0 0 ] makefont setfont
(DRAFT) show
grestore
gsave
Page-H-Offset neg Page-V-Offset neg translate
300 -100 moveto
/Helvetica-Bold findfont
[60.0 0 0 -60.0 0 0 ] makefont setfont
Date-and-Time show
( :: ) show
Dvi-File-Name show
grestore
} def
% dvitps: END including file "/usr/misc/TeX/lib/TeXPS/pro/texpre.pro"
% dvitps: BEGIN including file "/usr/misc/TeX/lib/TeXPS/pro/pos.pro"
/a { rmoveto } def
/DriverDelta 0 def
/b { exch p dup /DriverDelta exch def 0 rmoveto } def
/c { p DriverDelta 4 sub dup /DriverDelta exch def 0 rmoveto } def
/d { p DriverDelta 3 sub dup /DriverDelta exch def 0 rmoveto } def
/e { p DriverDelta 2 sub dup /DriverDelta exch def 0 rmoveto } def
/f { p DriverDelta 1 sub dup /DriverDelta exch def 0 rmoveto } def
/g { p DriverDelta 0 rmoveto } def
/h { p DriverDelta 1 add dup /DriverDelta exch def 0 rmoveto } def
/i { p DriverDelta 2 add dup /DriverDelta exch def 0 rmoveto } def
/j { p DriverDelta 3 add dup /DriverDelta exch def 0 rmoveto } def
/k { p DriverDelta 4 add dup /DriverDelta exch def 0 rmoveto } def
/l { p -4 0 rmoveto } def
/m { p -3 0 rmoveto } def
/n { p -2 0 rmoveto } def
/o { p -1 0 rmoveto } def
/q { p 1 0 rmoveto } def
/r { p 2 0 rmoveto } def
/s { p 3 0 rmoveto } def
/t { p 4 0 rmoveto } def
/p { show } def
/w { 0 exch rmoveto } def
/x { 0 rmoveto } def
/y { 3 -1 roll p rmoveto } def
/u-string ( ) def
/u { u-string exch 0 exch put
u-string show
} def
/v { u-string exch 0 exch put
currentpoint
u-string show
moveto
} def
% dvitps: END including file "/usr/misc/TeX/lib/TeXPS/pro/pos.pro"
% dvitps: BEGIN including file "/usr/misc/TeX/lib/TeXPS/pro/rules.pro"
/z
{ /dy exch def
/dx exch def
currentpoint
currentpoint
transform round exch round exch itransform
newpath
moveto
dx 0 rlineto
0 dy rlineto
dx neg 0 rlineto
closepath
fill
moveto
}
def
/z
{ /dy exch def
/dx exch def
currentpoint
0.2 0.2 rmoveto
currentpoint
newpath
moveto
dx 0 rlineto
0 dy rlineto
dx neg 0 rlineto
closepath
fill
moveto
}
def
% dvitps: END including file "/usr/misc/TeX/lib/TeXPS/pro/rules.pro"
letter
/Dvi-File-Name (main.dvi) def
/Draft-Flag false def
/#copies 1 def
/NumCharsInPixelFonts 256 def
/HostName (hs.sei.cmu.edu) def
/PsPrintEnabled false def
/Page-H-Offset 0.000000 def
/Page-V-Offset 0.000000 def
/ExecPsConv {0.30 mul} def
/Date-and-Time (Tue Nov 20 09:54 1990) def
/DviTranslateVector-X 72.000 def
/DviTranslateVector-Y 720.000 def
/DviOrientationMatrix [ 0.240 0.000 0.000
-0.240 0.0 0.0 ] def
% dvitps: BEGIN including file "/usr/misc/TeX/lib/TeXPS/pro/pixel-fonts.pro"
/@newfont
{
/newname exch def
newname 7 dict def
newname load begin
/FontType 3 def
/FontMatrix [1 0 0 -1 0 0] def
/FontBBox [0 0 1 1] def
/BitMaps NumCharsInPixelFonts array def
/BuildChar {CharBuilder} def
/Encoding NumCharsInPixelFonts array def
0 1 NumCharsInPixelFonts 1 sub {Encoding exch /.undef put} for
end
newname newname load definefont pop
} def
/ch-image {ch-data 0 get} def
/ch-width {ch-data 1 get} def
/ch-height {ch-data 2 get} def
/ch-xoff {ch-data 3 get} def
/ch-yoff {ch-data 4 get} def
/ch-tfmw {ch-data 5 get} def
/CharBuilder
{
/ch-code exch def
/font-dict exch def
/ch-data font-dict /BitMaps get ch-code get def
ch-data null eq not
{
ch-tfmw 0
ch-xoff neg
ch-height ch-yoff sub neg
ch-width ch-xoff neg add
ch-yoff
setcachedevice
0 0 transform round exch round exch itransform translate
ch-width ch-height true
[1 0 0 1 ch-xoff ch-height ch-yoff sub] {ch-image} imagemask
}
if
} def
/@dc
{
/ch-code exch def
/ch-data exch def
currentfont /BitMaps get
ch-code ch-data put
currentfont /Encoding get
ch-code ( ) cvs % convert the character code to a string
cvn
ch-code exch put
} def
/@sf /setfont load def
% dvitps: END including file "/usr/misc/TeX/lib/TeXPS/pro/pixel-fonts.pro"

44 @bop0
/@F1 @newfont
@F1 @sf
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22 41 -2 40 26] 73 @dc
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47 41 -2 40 52] 65 @dc
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26 27 -2 26 31] 99 @dc
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31 42 -2 41 36] 107 @dc
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33 27 -3 26 38] 110 @dc
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29 27 -2 26 34] 111 @dc
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47 27 -1 26 50] 119 @dc
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15 42 -3 41 19] 108 @dc
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27 27 -2 26 32] 101 @dc
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33 42 -2 41 38] 100 @dc
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30 40 -2 26 34] 103 @dc
[<
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53 27 -3 26 57] 109 @dc
[<
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007000>
21 38 -1 37 27] 116 @dc
[<
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22 27 -2 26 27] 115 @dc
/@F9 @newfont
@F9 @sf
[<
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20 1 0 11 21] 123 @dc
[<
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C0>
26 28 -2 27 31] 72 @dc
[<
03E00C181804300270026000E000E000E000E000FFFEE0066006700E300C18180C3003E0>
15 18 -1 17 18] 101 @dc
[<
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9 29 -1 28 12] 108 @dc
[<
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19 26 -1 17 23] 112 @dc
[<
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15 29 0 28 13] 102 @dc
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12 26 -1 25 16] 116 @dc
[<
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4 4 -4 3 12] 46 @dc
[<
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9 29 -1 28 12] 105 @dc
[<
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13 18 -1 17 16] 115 @dc
[<
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27 18 -1 17 30] 119 @dc
[<
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13 18 -1 17 16] 114 @dc
[<
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20 18 -1 17 23] 110 @dc
[<
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20 18 -1 17 23] 117 @dc
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17 18 -1 17 20] 114 @dc
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22 26 -1 17 25] 121 @dc
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11 30 -1 29 13] 105 @dc
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[<
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6 6 -3 5 13] 46 @dc
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27 28 -2 27 31] 69 @dc
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14 18 -1 17 18] 122 @dc
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31 28 -2 27 36] 65 @dc
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25 28 -2 27 30] 70 @dc
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23 29 -2 28 27] 100 @dc
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27 28 -2 27 33] 80 @dc
[<
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FFFFFC0F003C0F000C0F00060F00060F00020F00020F00020F00010F02010F02000F02000F
02000F06000FFE000F06000F02000F02000F02000F02020F00020F00020F00060F00040F00
040F000C0F003CFFFFFC>
24 28 -2 27 28] 69 @dc
@F2 @sf
[<
FFFFF0FFFFF07FFFF03FFFF01FFFF00FFFF00E003807001803801801C01800E01800700000
3800003E00001F00000F800007C00007E00003F00003F00003F83803F87C01F8FE01F8FE03
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21 32 -3 31 28] 50 @dc
[<
FFFFE0FFFFE003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003
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19 34 -1 33 21] 73 @dc
[<
FFE1FFC0FFE1FFC01F003E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F
003E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F803E001F803E001F40
3C001F307C00FF1FF800FF07E000>
26 22 -2 21 31] 110 @dc
[<
01FC3FC007FF3FC00F83BE001E00FE003E007E007C003E007C003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC
003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E007C003E007E003E003E003E001F00
7E000F81FE0007FFBE0001FC3E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E
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26 35 -2 34 31] 100 @dc
[<
000E0000000E0000001F0000001F0000003F8000003F8000007FC000007CC000007CC00000
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06000F800600FFE01FE0FFE01FE0>
27 22 -1 21 30] 118 @dc
[<
80FF80C7FFE0FF00F8FC003CF0003CE0001EE0001EC0001FC0001FC0001F00003F00003F00
007F0003FF003FFE03FFFE0FFFFC1FFFF83FFFF07FFFC07FFF00FFE000FF0000FC0000FC00
0CF8000CF8000C78001C78001C7C003C3C007C1F03FC07FF8C01FC04>
24 34 -3 33 31] 83 @dc
[<
FFE00000FFE000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F
0000001F0FC0001F3FF8001FE0FC001FC03E001F803F001F001F801F001F801F000FC01F00
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26 32 -2 21 31] 112 @dc
[<
FFF000FFF0001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F
00001F00001F00001F83C01E87E01E87E01EC7E01E67E0FE3FC0FE1F00>
19 22 -2 21 23] 114 @dc
@F9 @sf
[<
FFF00F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F
000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F00FFF0>
12 28 -1 27 15] 73 @dc
[<
003FE000070000070000070000070000070000070000070007C7000C3700180F00300F0070
0700600700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700700700700700300F00180B000C33
0003C100>
19 26 -2 17 22] 113 @dc
[<
7F87FC000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E
01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C000FFFFFC000E01
C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E03C1800703C3C00303E3C001C1B1
80007E1F00>
26 29 0 28 24] 11 @dc
@F2 @sf
[<
01FE000FFFC01E07F07801F87E01FCFF00FCFF00FEFF00FEFF00FE7E00FE3C00FE0000FC00
00FC0001F80001F00007C001FF0001FE00001F800007C00003E00003F01F03F01F03F83F81
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23 32 -2 31 28] 51 @dc
[<
03FFFFF80003FFFFF8000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003
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000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F80000C0
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03807803F807807E03F80F807FFFFFFF807FFFFFFF80>
34 34 -2 33 39] 84 @dc
[<
FFE1FFC0FFE1FFC01F003E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F
003E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F003E001F803E001F803E001F40
3C001F307C001F1FF8001F07E0001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000
001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F000000FF000000FF000000>
26 35 -2 34 31] 104 @dc
[<
00FF0003FFC00FC0701F00303E00187E00007C00007C0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FFFFF8FF
FFF8FC00F8FC00F87C00F87C00F03E01F01E01E00F87C007FF8000FE00>
21 22 -2 21 26] 101 @dc
[<
FFF00000C0FFF00001C006000003C006000003C006000007C00600000FC00600001FC00600
003FC00600007FC00600007FC0060000FFC0060001FEC0060003FCC0060007F8C0060007F0
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39 34 -2 33 44] 78 @dc
[<
FFFF8000FFFF800007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007
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32 34 -2 33 38] 80 @dc
@F9 @sf
[<
FFFE7FFE3FFE100218010C0106010300018000C0006000700038001C001C000E000E000F70
07F807F807F80FF00F400E400C201C183007C0>
16 28 -2 27 21] 50 @dc

42 @eop0

0 0 42 @bop1 262 307 a @F1 @sf(G)68 b(Guest)23 b(Accoun)n(ts)-599 91 y
@F9 @sf(The)17 b(computer)h(cen)o(ter)g(guest)g(p)q(olicy)f(is)g(among)e
(the)j(most)f(hotly)f(debated)i(topics)g(at)-1432 50 y(man)o(y)13 b
(computer)i(cen)o(ters.)21 b(F)m(rom)13 b(a)h(securit)o(y)i(standp)q(oin)o
(t,)d(it)h(should)g(b)q(e)h(ob)o(vious)f(that)-1432 50 y(an)d(attac)o(k)o
(er)h(who)f(has)g(access)q 13 x(to)g(a)g(guest)h(accoun)o(t)g(can)g(break)f
(in)o(to)g(a)g(computer)h(facilit)o(y)-1433 50 y(more)h(easily)m(.)-213
116 y @F2 @sf(G.1)55 b(A)n(ttac)n(k)19 b(Di\016cult)n(y)f(Ratios)-729 76 y
@F9 @sf(Basically)10 b(it)i(is)f(a)g(factor)h(of)f(ten)h(easier)g(to)g
(break)g(in)o(to)f(a)g(mac)o(hine)g(where)i(y)o(ou)e(can)h(easily)-1432
50 y(get)i(as)g(far)g(as)h(a)f(login)e(prompt)i(that)h(one)f(where)i(y)o
(ou)d(can't.)19 b(Being)c(able)f(to)g(reac)o(h)h(the)-1431 50 y(mac)o
(hine)e(through)g(a)g(standard)h(net)o(w)o(orking)f(discipline)g(and)g(op)q
(en)h(connections)h(to)e(the)-1431 50 y(daemons)g(is)g(w)o(orth)h(another)g
(order)g(of)f(magnitude.)18 b(Access)d(to)f(a)f(mac)o(hine)g(that)h(is)f
(run)-1431 50 y(b)o(y)k(the)i(same)f(group)g(is)g(w)o(orth)g(another)h
(factor)f(of)f(three)i(and)f(access)q 19 x(to)g(a)g(mac)o(hine)-1432 49 y
(on)e(the)g(same)h(LAN)f(w)o(ould)g(gran)o(t)g(a)g(factor)g(of)f(three)j
(b)q(ey)o(ond)f(that.)25 b(Ha)o(ving)15 b(a)h(guest)-1431 50 y(accoun)o(t)
11 b(on)f(the)h(target)g(mac)o(hine)g(mak)o(es)f(the)h(attac)o(k)g(still)f
(another)h(order)g(of)f(magnitude)-1432 50 y(easier.)-51 50 y(Essen)o
(tially)m(,)h(ha)o(ving)f(a)h(guest)i(accoun)o(t)f(on)f(the)h(target)g
(simpli\014es)f(an)g(attac)o(k)h(at)f(least)-1431 50 y(a)i(thousand)h
(fold)f(from)g(ha)o(ving)g(to)h(start)g(cold.)-764 116 y @F2 @sf(G.2)55 b
(Individual)18 b(Sp)r(onsors)-629 76 y @F9 @sf(I)c(strongly)f(suggest)i
(requiring)f(eac)o(h)h(guest)g(to)f(ha)o(v)o(e)f(an)h(individual)e(sta\013)j
(sp)q(onsor)g(who)-1432 50 y(tak)o(es)f(resp)q(onsibilit)o(y)f(for)h(the)g
(actions)g(of)f(his)h(guest.)-855 116 y @F2 @sf(G.3)55 b(The)19 b(No)f
(Guest)g(P)n(olicy)-662 77 y @F9 @sf(In)13 b(cen)o(ters)q 15 x(that)h
(prohibit)f(guests,)h(sta\013)g(mem)o(b)q(ers)h(often)f(share)g(their)g
(passw)o(ords)h(with)-1432 50 y(their)g(guests.)24 b(Since)15 b(these)i
(are)f(generally)f(privileged)g(accoun)o(ts,)h(this)f(is)g(a)g(signi\014can)o
(t)-1432 50 y(danger.)561 1066 y(42)-999 b
42 @eop1

41 @bop0
@F1 @sf
[<
FFFFFC0000FFFFFC0000FFFFFC000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC
00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC03800003FC03800003FC0380
0003FC03800003FC07800003FC07800003FC1F800003FFFF800003FFFF800003FFFF800003
FC1F800003FC07800003FC07800003FC03800003FC03807003FC03807003FC03807003FC00
00F003FC0000E003FC0000E003FC0000E003FC0001E003FC0001E003FC0003E003FC000FE0
03FC003FC0FFFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFC0>
36 41 -3 40 43] 70 @dc
[<
007FFFFFE000007FFFFFE000007FFFFFE00000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000
003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC000000000
3FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003F
C0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0
0000E0003FC000E0E0003FC000E0E0003FC000E0E0003FC000E0E0003FC000E0F0003FC001
E0F0003FC001E070003FC001C078003FC003C078003FC003C07E003FC007C07F803FC03FC0
7FFFFFFFFFC07FFFFFFFFFC07FFFFFFFFFC0>
43 40 -2 39 48] 84 @dc
[<
FFFE3FFF80FFFE3FFF80FFFE3FFF800FE003F8000FE003F8000FE003F8000FE003F8000FE0
03F8000FE003F8000FE003F8000FE003F8000FE003F8000FE003F8000FE003F8000FE003F8
000FE003F8000FE003F8000FE003F8000FE003F8000FF003F8000FF003F8000FF803F8000F
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00000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE0000000
0FE00000000FE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000>
33 42 -3 41 38] 104 @dc
[<
03FE00000FFFC0003E0FE0007C03F0007E03F800FF01FC00FF01FE00FF01FE00FF01FE007E
01FE001801FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001
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000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE00
0001FE0001FFFFF001FFFFF001FFFFF0>
28 41 -3 40 36] 74 @dc
[<
0FC00000003FE00000007C78000000FE3C000000FE1E000000FE0E000000FE0F0000007C07
0000003807800000000380000000038000000001C000000001C000000003E000000003E000
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FFFE03FF80FFFE03FF80>
33 39 -1 26 36] 121 @dc
[<
7FFF807FFF807FFF8007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007
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03F87F01F87F00FE3E003FFC0007F0>
24 42 -2 41 21] 102 @dc
@F9 @sf
[<
3E006180F1C0F0C060E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000
E000E000E000E000E000E000E00FE0000000000000000000000000000000C001E001E000C0
>
11 37 3 28 13] 106 @dc
[<
FFF07FF00F001F800F001F000F001E000F003C000F003C000F0078000F00F8000F00F0000F
01E0000F01E0000F83C0000F4780000F2780000F2F00000F1F00000F0E00000F0400000F02
00000F0100000F0080000F0040000F0020000F0010000F0008000F000C000F000F00FFF03F
E0>
28 28 -2 27 32] 75 @dc
[<
FFF80F80070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007
0007000700070007000700C7003F0007000300>
13 28 -4 27 21] 49 @dc

41 @eop0

0 0 41 @bop1 262 307 a @F1 @sf(F)69 b(The)22 b(Jo)n(y)h(of)g(Broadcast)-757
91 y @F9 @sf(The)15 b(ma)r(jorit)o(y)f(of)h(the)h(lo)q(cal)f(area)g(nets)h
(\(LAN's\))g(use)g(a)f(system)h(called)g(broadcast.)22 b(It)-1431 50 y(is)
17 b(somewhat)g(lik)o(e)g(screaming)h(in)f(a)g(cro)o(wded)h(ro)q(om.)29 b
(Eac)o(h)18 b(p)q(erson)g(tends)h(to)e(try)h(to)-1432 50 y(ignore)13 b
(messages)i(that)f(w)o(eren't)h(mean)o(t)e(for)h(them.)-768 50 y(In)9 b
(this)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h(of)f(en)o(vironmen)o(t,)g(ea)o(v)o(es-dropping)h(is)f
(undetectable.)18 b(Often)10 b(passw)o(ords)-1431 49 y(are)17 b(sen)o(t)g
(unencrypte)q(d)h(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g(mac)o(hines.)27 b(Suc)o(h)18 b(passw)o
(ords)f(are)h(fair)e(game)g(to)h(an)-1432 50 y(attac)o(k)o(er.)-96 50 y(V)m
(arious)9 b(cryptographic)h(solutions)g(including)f(digital)o 9 x
(signature)h(and)g(one)g(time)f(k)o(eys)-1431 50 y(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)i
(used)g(to)f(com)o(bat)g(this)g(problem.)16 b(Kerb)q(eros,)c(dev)o(elop)q
(ed)f(at)f(the)g(MIT)g(A)o(thena)-1431 50 y(pro)r(ject)i(is)g(a)o(v)n(ail)o
(able)e(without)h(cost)i(and)e(presen)o(ts)q 13 x(one)h(of)f(the)h(few)g
(promising)e(p)q(oten)o(tial)-1432 49 y(solutions)j(to)h(the)g(broadcast)h
(problem.)50 1944 y(41)-999 b
41 @eop1

40 @bop0
@F1 @sf
[<
FFFFFFFFF0FFFFFFFFF0FFFFFFFFF003FC001FF803FC0003F803FC0001F803FC0000F803FC
00007803FC00003803FC00003C03FC00001C03FC00001C03FC00001C03FC01C01C03FC01C0
0E03FC01C00E03FC01C00E03FC03C00003FC03C00003FC0FC00003FFFFC00003FFFFC00003
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03FC001FE0FFFFFFFFE0FFFFFFFFE0FFFFFFFFE0>
39 41 -3 40 45] 69 @dc
[<
0E01FC00000F07FF80000F9E07E0000FF803F0000FF001F8000FE000FC000FE000FE000FE0
007F000FE0007F000FE0007F000FE0007F800FE0007F800FE0007F800FE0007F800FE0007F
800FE0007F800FE0007F800FE0007F000FE0007F000FE0007F000FE000FE000FE000FC000F
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00000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE0000000
0FE00000000FE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000>
33 42 -2 41 38] 98 @dc
[<
0FF0003FFC007C3E00FE1F00FE1F80FE0FC0FE0FE07C0FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE000
0FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000F
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01FFE001FFE0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000700000F80001FC000
3FE0003FE0003FE0001FC0000F80000700>
19 55 4 42 21] 106 @dc
[<
00003FF800000003FFFF0000000FFFFFC000003FF007E00000FF8000F80001FE00003C0003
FC00001E0007F000000E000FF0000007001FE0000007001FE0000003803FC0000003803FC0
000003807FC0000003807F80000000007F8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000
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801FE0000007800FF000000F8007F000001F8003FC00003F8001FE00007F8000FF8001FF80
003FF007DF80000FFFFF87800003FFFE038000003FF00180>
41 41 -4 40 50] 67 @dc
[<
FFFFF00000FFFFF00000FFFFF0000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC
00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC0000
0003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FC00000003FFFFFE0003FFFFFF8003FC003FE003
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03FC003FE0FFFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFF00FFFFFFF800>
39 41 -3 40 47] 80 @dc
[<
FFFEFFFEFFFE0FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00F
E00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE0FFE0FFE0FFE0000000000000000000000000000007000F801FC0
3FE03FE03FE01FC00F800700>
15 43 -3 42 19] 105 @dc
@F5 @sf
[<
FFE7FFFFE7FF1F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F00F81F
00F81F80F81F80F81F40F01F31E01F0FC01F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00
001F00001F0000FF0000FF0000>
24 29 -1 28 27] 104 @dc
[<
03F8000E0E001C03003C0180780180780000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F8000078
0E00781F003C1F001C1F000E0E0003FC00>
17 18 -2 17 21] 99 @dc
@F5 @sf
[<
83FC00EFFF00FC03C0F001C0E000E0C000E0C000F0C000F00000F00001F00003F0007FE007
FFE00FFFC03FFF803FFF007FFE00FFE000FE0000F80000F00060F00060F000E07000E07801
E03C07E01FFEE007F820>
20 28 -3 27 27] 83 @dc
[<
FFE000FFE0001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F3F001FC1E01F80F01F00781F
007C1F003C1F003E1F003E1F003E1F003E1F003E1F003E1F003C1F007C1F00781F80F0FFE1
E0FF3F80>
23 26 -1 17 27] 112 @dc
@F9 @sf
[<
000007C0FFF01C200F003C200F0038100F0078100F0078100F0078000F0078000F0078000F
0078000F0078000F0078000F00F0000F00E0000F03C0000FFF00000F01E0000F0078000F00
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00FFFF0000>
28 29 -2 27 31] 82 @dc
@F5 @sf
[<
03F007980F081F0C1F0C1F0C1F0C1F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F00FFFC3FFC0F
000F00070007000300030003000300>
14 26 -1 25 19] 116 @dc
@F5 @sf
[<
FFFC01FE00FFFC07C3000FC00FC1800FC01F81800FC01F81800FC01F80000FC01F80000FC0
1F80000FC01F80000FC01F80000FC01F80000FC03F00000FC03E00000FC07C00000FFFF000
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33 28 -2 27 36] 82 @dc
[<
FFE0FFE0FFE0FFE0>
11 4 -1 10 16] 45 @dc
@F5 @sf
[<
7FF8007FF8000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F
80000F80000F80000F8000FFF800FFF8000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F83800F87
C00787C003C7C001E380007F00>
18 29 0 28 15] 102 @dc
@F9 @sf
[<
001F00000070C00000C02000018010000380100007800800070008000F0004000F0004000F
0004000F0004000F0004000F0004000F0004000F0004000F0004000F0004000F0004000F00
04000F0004000F0004000F0004000F0004000F0004000F0004000F0004000F0004000F000E
00FFF07FC0>
26 29 -2 27 31] 85 @dc
[<
001FC00000E0300001800800070004000E0002001C0001001C000100380000807800008078
00008070000080F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F000
0000700000807800008078000080380001801C0001801C0003800E00038007000780018019
8000E06180001F8080>
25 30 -2 28 30] 67 @dc
[<
07E00C301818300C300C700E60066006E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E0
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16 29 -2 27 21] 48 @dc

40 @eop0

0 0 40 @bop1 262 307 a @F1 @sf(E)68 b(Ob)t(ject)22 b(Co)r(de)g(Protection)
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(of)e(the)i(system)g(\014les)f(in)g(a)g(protected)-1327 50 y(area)d(an)g
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(a)o(y)-1329 50 y(to)h(detect)i(the)e(alteration)f(of)h(system)g(\014les.)
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(just)h(using)f(a)g(c)o(hec)o(ksum)h(the)g(complete)f(\014les)-1328 49 y
(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)i(compared)f(against)f(a)g(kno)o(wn)h(set)g(of)g(sources.)
19 b(This)14 b(requires)h(a)f(greater)-1328 50 y(storage)h(commitmen)o(t.)
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(computing)e(a)h(c)o(hec)o(ksum,)h(some)g(facilit)o(y)o 9 x(store)g
(certain)-1328 50 y(attributes)g(of)f(\014les.)17 b(Among)10 b(these)h
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(Read-Only)h(Devices.)20 b @F9 @sf(Where)g(practical,)e(the)h(system)h
(sources)g(should)e(b)q(e)h(stored)-1328 50 y(on)12 b(a)f(device)i(that)f
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(disk)g(partitions)-1329 49 y(ma)o(y)h(b)q(e)i(moun)o(ted)f(as)f
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(systems)j(the)f(last)g(mo)q(di\014cation)e(date)i(of)f(eac)o(h)h(\014le)g
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-1330 50 y(trator.)-221 83 y @F5 @sf(Refresh)o(.)i @F9 @sf(Some)12 b
(system)h(automaticall)o(y)e(re-install)g(system)i(soft)o(w)o(are)f(on)o
(to)g(there)h(ma-)-1329 50 y(c)o(hines)j(on)f(a)g(regular)g(basis.)22 b
(Users)17 b(of)d(TRA)o(CK)h(often)g(do)g(this)g(daily)f(to)h(assure)-1327
50 y(that)f(systems)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f(not)g(b)q(e)g(corrupted.)-64 1138 y(40)
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40 @eop1

39 @bop0
@F2 @sf
[<
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21 32 -3 31 28] 53 @dc
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[<
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[<
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23 32 -2 31 28] 54 @dc
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33 34 -3 33 40] 67 @dc
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43 22 -2 21 47] 109 @dc
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[<
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4 26 -4 17 12] 59 @dc
@F2 @sf
[<
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39 34 -2 33 44] 72 @dc
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[<
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39 @eop0

0 0 39 @bop1 324 307 a @F9 @sf(I)16 b(\(p)q(ersonally\))g(suggest)i
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50 y(p)q(ortra)o(y)f(the)g(crac)o(k)o(er)h(as)f(inconsiderate)h(and)f
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(Prosecution)-432 76 y @F9 @sf(If)13 b(y)o(ou)f(considering)i
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(Commen)n(t)-472 77 y @F9 @sf(One)f(common)f(strategy)i(for)f(a)o(v)o
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39 @eop1

38 @bop0
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[<
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45 41 -3 40 53] 68 @dc
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[<
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5 12 -3 3 13] 44 @dc
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11 26 -3 25 14] 116 @dc
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10 3 -3 9 15] 45 @dc
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5 4 -4 3 13] 46 @dc
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38 @eop0

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38 @eop1

37 @bop0
@F1 @sf
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37 @eop0

0 0 37 @bop1 262 307 a @F1 @sf(C)68 b(Highly)24 b(Sensitiv)n(e)e(En)n
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37 @eop1

36 @bop0
/@F10 @newfont
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14 24 -3 23 20] 105 @dc
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17 16 -2 15 20] 97 @dc
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17 16 -1 15 20] 114 @dc
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15 23 -1 22 20] 102 @dc
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19 16 0 15 20] 109 @dc
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19 23 0 22 20] 104 @dc
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19 16 0 15 20] 110 @dc
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5 5 -7 4 20] 46 @dc
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15 23 -2 22 20] 79 @dc
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16 23 -2 22 20] 70 @dc
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10 29 -6 25 20] 40 @dc
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15 23 -2 22 20] 67 @dc
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16 23 -1 22 20] 66 @dc
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9 29 -4 25 20] 41 @dc
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19 16 0 15 20] 117 @dc
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15 29 -2 25 20] 47 @dc
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16 23 -1 22 20] 80 @dc
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17 9 -1 15 20] 61 @dc
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16 23 -1 22 20] 75 @dc
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16 16 -1 15 20] 122 @dc
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5 12 -8 22 20] 39 @dc
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6 10 -7 4 20] 44 @dc
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36 @eop0

0 0 36 @bop1 262 353 a @F10 @sf(It)18 b(is)h(also)f(advisa)o(ble)o 18 x
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(36)-999 b
36 @eop1

35 @bop0
@F1 @sf
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@F9 @sf
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[<
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35 @eop0

0 0 35 @bop1 262 307 a @F1 @sf(B)68 b(VMS)23 b(Script)-476 91 y @F9 @sf
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35 @eop1

34 @bop0
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34 @eop0

0 0 34 @bop1 312 307 a @F9 @sf(1.)20 b(Where)e(practical,)e(eac)o(h)h
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50 y(the)d(users)h(of)e(eac)o(h)h(disk.)18 b(Be)12 b(sure)h(to)e(set)h
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10 b(PC)g(programs)g(are)-1328 49 y(sold)h(on)f(write-protected)q 12 x
(disks,)h(this)f(is)h(not)g(true)g(of)f(most)h(Macin)o(tosh)f(programs.)
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34 @eop1

33 @bop0
@F5 @sf
[<
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21 18 0 17 22] 110 @dc
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20 25 -1 24 22] 100 @dc
[<
70F8F8F870>
5 5 -8 4 22] 46 @dc
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[<
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16 18 -3 17 22] 101 @dc
[<
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19 18 -1 17 22] 120 @dc
@F9 @sf
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16 26 -3 25 22] 105 @dc
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19 18 -1 17 22] 114 @dc
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21 18 0 17 22] 117 @dc
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17 3 -2 13 22] 45 @dc
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17 25 -2 24 22] 108 @dc
@F4 @sf
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17 23 -1 22 22] 116 @dc
@F4 @sf
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20 27 0 17 22] 112 @dc
@F5 @sf
[<
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33 @eop0

0 0 33 @bop1 365 307 a @F9 @sf(migh)o(t)14 b(include)i(destruction)g(of)f
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@F9 @sf(virus.)18 b(No)o(virus)12 b(and)h(co)q(op)q(erativ)o(ely)g(built)f
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(The)14 b(third)g(is)f(issue)i(is)e(the)i(placemen)o(t)f(of)f(single)g
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@F9 @sf(Finally)8 b(there)k(is)f(a)f(reliabili)o(t)o(y)f(issue.)18 b(Most)
10 b(single)h(user)g(computers)h(w)o(ere)-1328 50 y(nev)o(er)j(designed)g
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33 @eop1

32 @bop0
@F1 @sf
[<
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27 39 -3 38 34] 53 @dc
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@F5 @sf
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21 27 -1 17 24] 103 @dc
@F5 @sf
[<
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22 26 -2 17 25] 113 @dc

32 @eop0

0 0 32 @bop1 262 307 a @F1 @sf(5)69 b(Reco)n(v)n(ering)22 b(F)-6 b(rom)25 b
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-999 b
32 @eop1

31 @bop0
@F9 @sf
[<
E0E0E0E0>
3 4 -4 28 12] 95 @dc

31 @eop0
0 0 31 @bop1 262 307 a @F2 @sf(4.4)55 b(Exercise)-332 77 y @F9 @sf
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31 @eop1

30 @bop0
@F2 @sf
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30 @eop0

0 0 30 @bop1 262 307 a @F2 @sf(4.2)55 b(Basic)18 b(T)-5 b(ec)n(hniques)-545
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30 @eop1

29 @bop0
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29 @eop0

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-999 b
29 @eop1

28 @bop0
/@F7 @newfont
@F7 @sf
[<
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@F9 @sf
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28 @eop0

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28 @eop1

27 @bop0
@F9 @sf
[<
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15 29 -2 28 20] 63 @dc
@F2 @sf
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55 34 -1 33 58] 87 @dc

27 @eop0

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@F2 @sf(3.5)55 b(Sample)18 b(Scenarios)g(to)h(W)-5 b(ork)18 b(on)h(in)f
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27 @eop1

26 @bop0
@F9 @sf
[<
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@F2 @sf
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@F5 @sf
[<
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23 1 0 11 24] 123 @dc
@F5 @sf
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16 28 -1 27 18] 73 @dc
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32 28 -2 27 37] 85 @dc

26 @eop0

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25 @eop1

24 @bop0
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24 @eop1

23 @bop0

23 @eop0
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21 b(This)15 b(means)g(that)f(w)o(e)h(don't)g(need)g(to)g(w)o(orry)g(ab)q
(out)-1432 50 y(normal)k(use)h(destro)o(ying)h(evidence)g(of)e(ab)q(out)h
(the)h(attac)o(k)o(er)g(re-en)o(tering)g(to)f(destro)o(y)-1431 50 y
(evidence)15 b(of)e(what)h(happ)q(enned.)-464 49 y(Ultimately)m(,)o 10 x
(one)e(ma)o(y)e(nev)o(er)i(b)q(e)g(able)f(to)g(determine)h(ho)o(w)f(it)f
(happ)q(enned.)19 b(One)12 b(ma)o(y)-1433 50 y(\014nd)j(sev)o(eral)h(w)o
(a)o(ys)g(that)g(\\could)f(ha)o(v)o(e)g(happ)q(enned")i(presen)o(ting)f(a)g
(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(things)-1432 50 y(to)e(\014x.)-107 108 y @F5 @sf
(3.1.4)47 b(Av)o(oiding)16 b(the)e(F)l(uture)h(Inciden)o(t)o(s)g(and)g
(Escalation)-1098 77 y @F9 @sf(This)f(needs)i(to)f(b)q(e)g(an)f(explicit)h
(goal)e(and)i(often)f(is)h(not)f(realized)h(un)o(til)f(m)o(uc)o(h)h(to)q
(o)f(late.)-1432 49 y(T)m(o)j(a)o(v)o(oid)g(future)i(inciden)o(ts)g(one)g
(of)f(course)i(should)e(\014x)g(the)h(problem)g(that)f(\014rst)h(o)q(c-)
-1431 50 y(curred)e(and)f(remo)o(v)o(e)g(an)o(y)f(new)i(securit)o(y)g
(vulnerabiliti)o(es)f(that)g(w)o(ere)h(added)f(either)h(b)o(y)-1432 50 y
(the)f(attac)o(k)o(ers)g(or)f(b)o(y)h(the)g(system)g(sta\013)g(while)f
(trying)g(to)h(\014gure)g(out)f(what)g(w)o(as)h(going)-1433 50 y(on.)6 50 y
(Bey)o(ond)h(this,)g(one)g(needs)h(to)e(prev)o(en)o(t)i(turning)e(a)h
(casual)f(attac)o(k)o(er)i(who)e(ma)o(y)g(not)-1432 49 y(b)q(e)i(caugh)o
(t)f(in)o(to)g(dedicate)h(opp)q(onen)o(t,)h(to)e(prev)o(en)o(t)i(en)o
(ticing)e(other)h(attac)o(k)o(ers)g(and)g(to)-1432 50 y(prev)o(en)o(t)12 b
(others)g(in)f(one's)h(organization)e(and)h(related)h(organizations)f
(from)g(b)q(eing)g(forced)-1431 50 y(to)i(in)o(tro)q(duce)i(restrictions)g
(that)f(w)o(ould)f(b)q(e)i(neither)f(p)q(opular)g(nor)g(helpful.)-1222 108 y
@F5 @sf(3.1.5)47 b(Av)o(oiding)16 b(lo)q(oking)g(fo)q(olish)-652 77 y
@F9 @sf(Another)h(real)f(w)o(orld)g(consideration)h(that)f(I)h(had)f(not)g
(exp)q(ecte)q(d)i(to)e(b)q(ecome)i(an)e(issue)-1431 49 y(is)h(one)h(of)f
(image)f(managemen)o(t.)28 b(In)18 b(practice,)h(it)e(is)h(imp)q(ortan)o
(t)e(not)i(to)f(lo)q(ok)g(fo)q(olish)-1433 50 y(in)f(the)h(press,)h(an)f
(issue)g(that)g(w)o(e)g(will)e(discuss)j(more)f(fully)e(in)i(an)f(app)q
(endix.)26 b(Also)17 b(it)-737 151 y(23)-999 b
23 @eop1

22 @bop0
@F1 @sf
[<
00FF800007FFF0001FFFFC003F01FE007C007F007E007F80FF007FC0FF003FC0FF003FE0FF
003FE07E003FE03C003FE000003FE000003FE000003FC000003FC000007F8000007F000000
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27 39 -3 38 34] 51 @dc
[<
FFFF80FFFF80FFFF80FFFF80FFFF80FFFF80>
17 6 -1 16 23] 45 @dc
@F9 @sf
[<
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27 37 -2 28 32] 81 @dc

22 @eop0

0 0 22 @bop1 262 307 a @F1 @sf(3)69 b(Pre-Planning)24 b(y)n(our)g(Inciden)n
(t)e(Handling)-1223 99 y @F2 @sf(3.1)55 b(Goals)-264 77 y @F9 @sf(Despite)
17 b(y)o(our)g(b)q(est)h(plans)f(to)g(a)o(v)o(oid)f(inciden)o(ts)h(they)h
(ma)o(y)e(v)o(ery)h(w)o(ell)g(o)q(ccur.)28 b(Prop)q(er)-1430 50 y
(planning)16 b(can)i(reduce)h(their)f(serv)o(er)q(it)o(y)m(,)g(cost)h(and)e
(incon)o(v)o(enience)i(lev)o(els.)29 b(There)19 b(are)-1431 50 y(ab)q(out)
13 b(half)g(dozen)i(di\013eren)o(t)g(goals)e(that)h(one)g(can)g(ha)o(v)o
(e)f(while)h(handling)e(an)i(inciden)o(t.)-1366 91 y(1.)20 b(Main)o(tain)
13 b(and)h(restore)h(data.)-541 83 y(2.)20 b(Main)o(tain)13 b(and)h
(restore)h(service.)-580 83 y(3.)20 b(Figure)14 b(out)g(ho)o(w)g(it)f
(happ)q(enned.)-594 83 y(4.)20 b(Av)o(oid)13 b(the)i(future)f(inciden)o
(ts)h(and)e(escalation.)-814 83 y(5.)20 b(Av)o(oid)13 b(lo)q(oking)g(fo)q
(olish.)-451 83 y(6.)20 b(Find)14 b(out)g(who)f(did)h(it.)-425 83 y(7.)20 b
(Punish)14 b(the)h(attac)o(k)o(ers.)-426 91 y(The)k(order)g(sho)o(wn)f(ab)q
(o)o(v)o(e)h(is)f(what)g(I)h(b)q(eliev)o(e)f(the)i(order)f(of)f
(priorities)g(generally)-1432 50 y(should)10 b(b)q(e.)17 b(Of)10 b(course)i
(in)e(a)g(real)g(situation)f(there)j(are)f(man)o(y)e(reasons)i(wh)o(y)f
(this)g(ordering)-1431 50 y(migh)o(t)k(not)i(b)q(e)h(appropriate)f(and)g
(w)o(e)g(will)f(discuss)i(the)f(whens)h(and)f(wh)o(y)g(of)f(c)o(hanging)
-1432 50 y(our)e(priorities)h(in)g(the)g(next)g(section.)-536 50 y(F)m(or)i
(an)o(y)h(giv)o(en)f(site,)i(one)f(can)g(exp)q(ect)i(that)e(a)g(standard)g
(goal)f(prioritization)f(can)-1431 49 y(b)q(e)g(dev)o(elop)q(ed.)21 b
(This)15 b(should)f(b)q(e)i(done)f(in)f(adv)n(ance.)21 b(There)16 b(is)e
(nothing)g(so)h(terrible)g(as)-1431 50 y(b)q(eing)e(alone)g(in)g(a)g @F6 @sf
(c)n(old)18 b @F9 @sf(mac)o(hine)13 b(ro)q(om)g(at)h(4)f(on)g(a)g(Sunda)o
(y)h(morning)e(trying)h(to)h(decide)-1431 50 y(whether)h(to)e(sh)o(ut)i
(do)o(wn)e(the)h(last)g(hole)g(to)f(protect)i(the)g(system)f(or)g(try)g
(to)g(get)g(a)f(phone)-1431 50 y(trace)h(done)f(to)h(catc)o(h)g(the)f
(attac)o(k)o(er.)19 b(It)13 b(is)g(similarly)f(di\016cult)g(to)h(decide)i
(in)d(the)i(middle)-1432 50 y(of)j(a)g(disaster)i(whether)g(y)o(ou)e
(should)h(sh)o(ut)g(do)o(wn)f(a)h(system)g(to)g(protect)h(the)f(existing)
-1432 50 y(data)13 b(or)h(do)g(ev)o(erything)g(y)o(ou)f(can)h(to)g(con)o
(tin)o(ue)g(to)g(pro)o(vide)f(service.)-1046 49 y(No)q(one)f(who)g(is)h
(handling)e(the)i(tec)o(hnical)f(side)h(of)e(an)i(inciden)o(t)f(w)o(an)o
(ts)g(to)g(mak)o(e)g(these)-1430 50 y(p)q(olicy)20 b(decisions)h(without)f
(guidance)h(in)f(the)i(middle)e(of)g(a)g(disaster.)40 b(One)21 b(can)g(b)q
(e)-1431 50 y(sure)16 b(that)g(these)h(decisions)f(will)e(b)q(e)i(repla)o
(y)o(ed)f(an)h(re-analyzed)g(b)o(y)f(a)g(dozen)h(\\Monda)o(y)-1432 50 y
(Morning)11 b(Quarterbac)o(ks")i(who)f(will)e(explain)h(what)h(should)g
(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)h(done)f(could)g(not)-1432 50 y(b)q(e)i(b)q(othered)h
(to)f(mak)o(e)f(up)h(a)g(set)h(of)e(guidelines)h(b)q(efore.)-848 49 y(Let)g
(us)g(lo)q(ok)f(at)h(eac)o(h)g(of)g(these)h(goals)e(in)h(a)f(little)g
(more)h(detail.)-1081 108 y @F5 @sf(3.1.1)47 b(Main)o(taining)15 b(and)h
(restorin)o(g)f(data)-800 77 y @F9 @sf(T)m(o)g(me,)i(the)g(user)h(data)e
(is)g(of)g(paramoun)o(t)g(imp)q(ortance.)26 b(An)o(ything)16 b(else)i(is)e
(generally)-1432 50 y(replacable.)35 b(Y)m(ou)19 b(can)h(buy)g(more)f
(disk)h(driv)o(es,)h(more)f(computers,)h(more)f(electrical)-1431 50 y(p)q
(o)o(w)o(er.)e(If)13 b(y)o(ou)h(lose)g(the)g(data,)f(though)h(a)g(securit)o
(y)g(inciden)o(t)g(or)g(otherwise,)h(it)e(is)h(gone.)-1367 49 y(Of)k
(course,)j(if)d(the)h(computer)h(is)e(con)o(trolling)f(a)i(ph)o(ysical)f
(device,)i(there)g(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)-1431 50 y(more)f(than)g(just)h(data)f
(at)h(stak)o(e.)29 b(F)m(or)17 b(example,)h(the)g(most)f(imp)q(ortan)o(t)g
(goal)f(for)h(the)-1431 50 y(computer)d(in)g(P)o(acemak)o(er)g(is)g(to)f
(get)i(the)f(next)g(pulse)h(out)f(on)f(time.)-1037 50 y(In)j(terms)h(of)e
(the)h(protection)h(of)e(user)i(data,)f(there)h(is)f @F6 @sf(nothing)21 b
@F9 @sf(that)16 b(can)g(tak)o(e)g(the)-1431 50 y(place)10 b(of)g(a)g(go)q
(o)q(d)g(bac)o(k-up)g(strategy)m(.)17 b(During)10 b(the)h(w)o(eek)g(that)f
(this)h(c)o(hapter)g(w)o(as)g(written,)-1432 49 y(three)j(cen)o(ters)h
(that)e(I)f(w)o(ork)h(with)g(su\013ered)h(catastrophic)g(data)e(loss.)18 b
(Tw)o(o)12 b(of)h(the)g(three)-735 147 y(22)-999 b
22 @eop1

21 @bop0
@F4 @sf
[<
7FC7F0FFE7F87FC7F00E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E
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00>
21 25 0 24 22] 104 @dc
[<
003FE0007FF0003FE000070000070000070000070000070000070007C7001FE7003FF7003C
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20 27 -2 17 22] 113 @dc
@F2 @sf
[<
180FC0001C3FF8001EE07C001FC03E001F801F001F001F801F000F801F000FC01F000FC01F
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26 35 -2 34 31] 98 @dc
@F2 @sf
[<
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39 34 -1 33 42] 89 @dc

21 @eop0

0 0 21 @bop1 262 307 a @F2 @sf(2.13)55 b(.rhosts)18 b(and)i(pro)n(xy)e
(logins)-745 77 y @F9 @sf(Just)c(as)f(some)g(p)q(eople)h(trust)g(eac)o(h)g
(other,)g(some)f(accoun)o(ts)h(trust)h(eac)o(h)e(other)h(and)f(some)-1431
50 y(mac)o(hines)h(trust)i(eac)o(h)f(other.)21 b(There)16 b(are)f(sev)o
(eral)h(mec)o(hanism)e(for)g(setting)h(up)g(a)g(trust)-1431 49 y
(relationship.)i(Among)c(these)i(are)g @F4 @sf(hosts.equ)o(iv)p @F9 @sf(,)o
13 x @F4 @sf(.rhosts)p @F9 @sf(,)o 13 x(and)e(pro)o(xy)h(logins.)-1257 50 y
(These)21 b(mec)o(hanisms)f(essen)o(tially)f(allo)o(w)g(a)g(user)i(to)f
(login)e(from)h(one)h(mac)o(hine)g(to)-1432 50 y(another)14 b(without)f(a)h
(passw)o(ord.)k(There)d(are)g(three)g(basic)f(implicatio)o(ns)f(to)h
(this.)-1249 91 y(1.)20 b(If)14 b(y)o(ou)f(can)h(imp)q(ersonate)g(a)f(mac)o
(hine,)g(y)o(ou)h(can)f(gain)g(access)q 15 x(to)g(other)h(mac)o(hines)-1328
50 y(without)g(ha)o(ving)f(to)g(pro)o(vide)h(passw)o(ords)h(or)f(\014nd)g
(bugs.)-965 83 y(2.)20 b(Once)c(y)o(ou)f(get)g(access)h(to)f(one)g(accoun)o
(t)g(on)g(one)g(mac)o(hine,)f(y)o(ou)h(are)g(lik)o(ely)e(to)i(b)q(e)-1328
50 y(able)f(to)g(reac)o(h)g(man)o(y)f(other)i(accoun)o(ts)g(on)e(other)i
(mac)o(hines.)-1036 83 y(3.)20 b(If)10 b(y)o(ou)g(gain)f(con)o(trol)h(of)g
(a)g(mac)o(hine,)g(y)o(ou)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(gained)g(access)i(to)e(all)f(the)h
(mac)o(hines)-1328 50 y(that)k(trusts)h(it.)-289 91 y(V)m(arious)e(exp)q
(erimen)o(ts)i(ha)o(v)o(e)f(sho)o(wn)g(that)g(b)o(y)f(starting)h @F6 @sf
(almost)h(anywher)n(e)g(inter)n(est-)-1433 50 y(ing)p @F9 @sf(,)h(once)g
(one)g(has)h(con)o(trol)e(of)h(one)g(medium)f(size)i(mac)o(hine,)f(one)g
(can)g(gain)f(access)j(to)-1432 50 y(tens)e(of)f(thousands)h(of)f
(computers.)25 b(In)16 b(m)o(y)e(most)i(recen)o(t)h(exp)q(erimen)o(t,)g
(starting)e(from)-1432 50 y(a)f(medium)f(size)j(timesharing)d(system,)i(I)g
(gained)f(immediate)f(access)q 16 x(to)h(150)f(mac)o(hines)-1431 49 y(and)k
(surpassed)i(5000)d(distinct)i(mac)o(hines)f(b)q(efore)h(completing)f(the)h
(second)g(recurs)q(ion)-1431 50 y(step.)-85 116 y @F2 @sf(2.14)55 b
(Debugging)-417 77 y @F9 @sf(Ab)q(out)19 b(one)h(third)g(of)f(the)h
(securit)o(y)g(holes)g(that)g(I)f(ha)o(v)o(e)g(come)h(across)h(dep)q(end)g
(on)e(a)-1432 50 y(debugging)10 b(option)h(b)q(eing)h(enabled.)17 b(When)
12 b(installing)d(system)k(soft)o(w)o(are,)e(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(c)o(hec)o(k)
-1431 50 y(that)i(all)g(the)i(\\debugging")d(options)i(that)g(y)o(ou)f
(are)i(not)e(using)h(are)g(disabled.)-1253 116 y @F2 @sf(2.15)55 b
(Getting)18 b(P)n(eople)g(Mad)h(at)g(Y)-5 b(ou)-837 76 y @F9 @sf(It)16 b
(is)h(sad)g(but)g(true)h(that)f(a)f(small)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)f(sites)i
(ha)o(v)o(e)e(gotten)h(groups)g(of)g(hac)o(k)o(ers)-1431 50 y(angry)11 b
(at)h(them.)18 b(In)12 b(at)g(least)g(t)o(w)o(o)g(cases,)h(this)g(w)o(as)f
(b)q(ecause)h(the)g(hac)o(k)o(ers)g(had)f(found)g(an)-1432 50 y(in)o
(teresting)k(securit)o(y)g(hole,)f(had)h(tried)g(to)f(con)o(tact)h(the)h
(administrators)e(of)g(the)h(cen)o(ter)-1430 50 y(and)d(w)o(ere)i(giv)o
(en)e(a)h(hard)g(time)g(when)g(they)g(w)o(ere)h(seriously)f(trying)g(to)f
(help.)-1178 50 y(When)d(one)g(is)f(giv)o(en)g(a)h(\\tip")e(from)h
(someone)h(that)g(w)o(on't)f(iden)o(tify)g(themselv)o(es)i(ab)q(out)-1432
50 y(a)h(securit)o(y)j(problem,)d(it)h(is)g(generally)g(w)o(orth)g(in)o(v)o
(estigating.)j(It)e(is)f(not)g(w)o(orth)g(trying)g(to)-1432 49 y(tric)o(k)f
(the)g(informan)o(t)f(in)o(to)g(giving)f(his)i(phone)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g
(to)g(y)o(ou.)17 b(It)12 b(almost)f(nev)o(er)i(w)o(orks,)-1432 50 y(and)f
(it)h(is)g(the)g(\\t)o(yp)q(e)h(of)e(dirt)o(y)h(tric)o(k")f(that)i(will)d
(probably)h(get)i(p)q(eople)f(mad)f(at)h(y)o(ou)g(and)-1432 50 y(at)g(the)i
(v)o(ery)f(least)g(prev)o(en)o(t)h(y)o(ou)e(from)g(getting)h(early)g(w)o
(arnings)f(in)h(the)g(future.)-599 576 y(21)-999 b
21 @eop1

20 @bop0
@F5 @sf
[<
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14 38 3 29 15] 106 @dc
@F5 @sf
[<
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17 18 -1 17 21] 122 @dc

20 @eop0

0 0 20 @bop1 262 307 a @F9 @sf(routine)14 b(use)h(and)f(one)h(for)f
(privileged)g(access)i(with)e(a)g(hop)q(e)h(that)f(they)h(will)e(only)h
(share)-1431 50 y(the)g(former)g(with)f(their)i(secretary)m(.)-568 108 y
@F5 @sf(2.11.3)47 b(T)l(ro)s(jan)15 b(Horses)-466 77 y @F9 @sf(Ha)o(ving)
9 b(an)i(\\unsupp)q(orted")h(or)f(\\public")e(area)j(on)e(disk)h(where)h
(users)g(place)f(binaries)g(for)-1432 49 y(common)g(use)j(simpli\014es)e
(the)i(placemen)o(t)f(of)f(T)m(ro)r(jan)g(horse)i(programs.)j(Ha)o(ving)
12 b(sev)o(eral)-1431 50 y(areas)g(for)g(user)h(main)o(tained)e(binaries)i
(and)f(a)g(single)f(user)j(resp)q(onsible)f(for)f(eac)o(h)h(reduces)-1430
50 y(but)h(do)q(es)g(not)g(eliminate)f(this)h(problem.)-664 108 y @F5 @sf
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(F)l(unders)-337 76 y @F9 @sf(F)m(unders)14 b(are)g(often)g(giving)e
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20 @eop1

19 @bop0
@F2 @sf
[<
00FE0007FFC00F83E01F01F03E00F83E00F87C007C7C007C7C007CFC007EFC007EFC007EFC
007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007C7C007C7C00
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23 32 -2 31 28] 48 @dc

19 @eop0

0 0 19 @bop1 262 307 a @F2 @sf(2.10)55 b(Routing)-353 77 y @F9 @sf
(Routing)9 b(can)j(pro)o(vide)e(a)h(c)o(heap)h(partial)e(protection)h(for)g
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49 y(the)d(resources)q 14 x(of)f(the)h(academic)g(mac)o(hines)g(without)f
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12 b(a)h(secre-)-1430 50 y(tary)h(uses)i(his)e(b)q(osses)i(accoun)o(t,)e
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(one)f(for)-737 201 y(19)-999 b
19 @eop1

18 @bop0
@F2 @sf
[<
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37 22 -1 21 40] 119 @dc
@F9 @sf
[<
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20 28 -2 27 25] 90 @dc
@F5 @sf
[<
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23 28 -3 27 29] 90 @dc
@F4 @sf
[<
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18 18 -1 17 22] 122 @dc
[<
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4 25 -9 24 22] 33 @dc
[<
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19 27 -1 17 22] 121 @dc
[<
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21 25 0 24 22] 85 @dc
[<
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19 25 -1 24 22] 78 @dc
[<
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19 25 -1 24 22] 69 @dc
[<
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19 25 -1 24 22] 84 @dc
@F4 @sf
[<
03F8000FFE003FFF807C07C07001C0E000E0E000E0E000E0E000E07803C03FFF801FFF001F
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19 28 -1 17 22] 103 @dc
@F2 @sf
[<
01FF000FFFC01F01F03C0038780038F8001CF0001CF0001EF0001EF0003EF000FE7801FE78
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23 32 -2 31 28] 56 @dc
@F2 @sf
[<
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23 32 -2 31 28] 57 @dc

18 @eop0

0 0 18 @bop1 324 307 a @F9 @sf(While)13 b(the)i(am)o(bitio)o(us)e(and)h
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18 b(are)f(a)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(computer)-1431 49 y(mail)o(ing)g
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77 y @F9 @sf(Cert)21 b(is)f(a)f(D)o(ARP)m(A)h(sp)q(onsored)h(group)f(to)g
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18 @eop1

17 @bop0
@F2 @sf
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17 @eop1

16 @bop0
@F5 @sf
[<
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7 14 -3 28 13] 39 @dc
@F5 @sf
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16 @eop0

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16 @eop1

15 @bop0
@F4 @sf
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15 @eop0

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15 @eop1

14 @bop0
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14 @eop1

13 @bop0
@F2 @sf
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13 @eop1

12 @bop0
@F5 @sf
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19 27 -2 26 24] 48 @dc

12 @eop0

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47 b(VMS)-253 77 y @F9 @sf(In)19 b(VMS,)h(the)h(accoun)o(t)f(expiration)g
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157 y(12)-999 b
12 @eop1

11 @bop0
@F5 @sf
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19 27 -2 26 24] 56 @dc
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16 29 -3 28 23] 63 @dc

11 @eop0

0 0 11 @bop1 262 307 a @F9 @sf(generated)14 b(passw)o(ords,)f(y)o(ou)f
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11 @eop1

10 @bop0
@F9 @sf
[<
FFFFFFFFFF80>
41 1 0 11 42] 124 @dc

10 @eop0
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6 @eop1

5 @bop0
@F1 @sf
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27 39 -3 38 34] 50 @dc

5 @eop0

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5 @eop1

4 @bop0
@F1 @sf
[<
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23 39 -5 38 34] 49 @dc
@F6 @sf
[<
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@F6 @sf
[<
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@F6 @sf
[<
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[<
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4 @eop0

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00E0F000E07000E07800E03800E01C01E00C02E00704E001F8E00000E00000E00000E00000
E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00001E0000FE00000E0>
23 35 -2 34 27] 100 @dc
/@F13 @newfont
@F13 @sf
[<
020002000200C218F2783AE00F800F803AE0F278C218020002000200>
13 14 -2 14 18] 3 @dc
@F3 @sf
[<
07C000187000203800401C00F01E00F80E00F80F00F80F00700F00000F00000F00000F0000
0F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F
00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00001F0003FFF0>
20 35 -2 33 25] 74 @dc
[<
03F0000E0E001803003000806000C0600040C00060C00060C00060C00060C000E06000E060
01C03007C0100F80083F80067F0003FC0003F8000FF8001FC4003F02003E01007801807000
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19 34 -2 32 24] 56 @dc
[<
4020101008080404040474FCFCF870>
6 15 -4 4 14] 44 @dc
[<
FFFE07C0038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003
800380038003800380038003800380038003800380F3800F8003800080>
15 33 -4 32 24] 49 @dc
[<
0FC000103000201800700C007806007807003003000003800003800001C00001C00001C003
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19 34 -2 32 24] 57 @dc
[<
01F000071C000C06001C07003803803803807803C07001C07001C07001C0F001E0F001E0F0
01E0F001E0F001E0F001E0F001E0F001E0F001E0F001E0F001E0F001E0F001E0F001E07001
C07001C07001C07001C03803803803801803000C0600071C0001F000>
19 34 -2 32 24] 48 @dc
/@F11 @newfont
@F11 @sf
[<
FFC07FFCFFC07FFC0E000FC006000F8006000F8003001F0003001F0003FFFF0001FFFE0001
803E0000C07C0000C07C0000E0FC000060F8000060F8000031F0000031F000001BE000001B
E000001BE000000FC000000FC00000078000000780000007800000030000>
30 26 -1 25 33] 65 @dc
[<
187F001D83C01F00E01E00F01E00781E00781E007C1E007C1E007C1E007C1E007C1E00781E
00781E00F01F00E01FC3C01E7F001E00001E00001E00001E00001E00001E00001E0000FE00
00FE0000>
22 26 -1 25 25] 98 @dc
[<
CFE0F830E008E00CC00CC00C003C07F83FF87FE0FF80F000C030C030403020701FB0>
14 17 -1 16 17] 115 @dc
[<
03E00F301E181E181E181E181E181E001E001E001E001E001E001E001E00FFF03FF01E000E
000E000600060006000600>
13 24 -1 23 17] 116 @dc
[<
FFC0FFC01E001E001E001E001E001E001E001E001E001E1C1E3E1D3E1D3EFC9CFC78>
15 17 -1 16 18] 114 @dc
[<
1FC3E07C27E0F81700F80F00F80F00F80F007C0F003E0F000FCF0000FF00000F001C0F003E
0F003E0E003E1E001C3C000FF000>
19 17 -1 16 21] 97 @dc
[<
03FC000F06001C03003C0180780000780000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000780E0078
1F003C1F001C1F000F0E0003FC00>
17 17 -1 16 20] 99 @dc
/@F12 @newfont
@F12 @sf
[<
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FFE0000100E0000100E0000081C0000081C0000081C0000043800000438000004380000027
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26 26 -1 25 29] 65 @dc
[<
8F80F040C020C0308030807000F01FE03FC07F00F000C020C020402060E01F20>
12 16 -1 15 15] 115 @dc
[<
07E00C18380830047000E000E000E000E000E000E00070003008381C0C1C07F8>
14 16 -1 15 17] 99 @dc
[<
07E01C38381C700E6006E007E007E007E007E007E0076006700E300C1C3807E0>
16 16 -1 15 19] 111 @dc
[<
FF9FE7F81C0701C01C0701C01C0701C01C0701C01C0701C01C0701C01C0701C01C0701C01C
0701C01C0701C01C0701C01E0781C01E0781C01D8E6380FC7C1F00>
29 16 -1 15 32] 109 @dc
[<
FF80001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001CF0001F0C001E07001C03001C03801C
01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C03801C03801E07001F0E00FCF800>
18 23 -1 15 21] 112 @dc
[<
07CFC00C2E001C1E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C
0E001C0E001C0E00FC7E00>
18 16 -1 15 21] 117 @dc
[<
03800E401C201C201C201C201C201C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C00FFC03C001C000C
000C00040004000400>
11 23 -1 22 15] 116 @dc
[<
07E00C18380830046000E000E000E000E000FFFCE00C600C701830181C3007C0>
14 16 -1 15 17] 101 @dc
[<
FFC01C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001E201E701D70FCE0>
12 16 -1 15 15] 114 @dc
[<
FF801C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C00FC000000000000
0000000000000018003C003C001800>
9 26 0 25 11] 105 @dc
[<
780000E40000E20000E1000001000001000000800000800001C00001C00001C00003A00003
A0000790000710000710000E08000E08001E0C001C04001C04003C0600FF1F80>
17 23 -1 15 20] 121 @dc
[<
10F0001B0C001E07001C03001C03801C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01801C
03801E07001F0E001CF8001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00
00FC0000>
18 26 -1 25 21] 98 @dc
[<
1E3C71FBE0F1E071E071E070707030701C7007F000700070207070E070C03F80>
16 16 -2 15 19] 97 @dc
[<
FF9FC01C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001E
0E001E0E001D0C00FCF800>
18 16 -1 15 21] 110 @dc
[<
07CFC01C2E00381E00700E00600E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00700E0030
0E00380E000C3E0003CE00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E
00007E00>
18 26 -1 25 21] 100 @dc
[<
FFC0FFC0>
10 2 0 8 13] 45 @dc
[<
8040202010101070F0F060>
4 11 -3 3 11] 44 @dc
[<
07E0381C6006C003C003C003C003600F1FFE3FFC3FF07000600020002FC018603030703870
3870387038303018730FCE>
16 24 -1 15 19] 103 @dc
[<
010040000180C0000380E0000380E00003C1E0000741D000074190000F2398000E2388000E
2308001E170C001C1704001C160400380E06003C0E0700FF3F9F80>
25 16 -1 15 28] 119 @dc
[<
FF9FC01C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001E
0E001E0E001D0C001CF8001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00
00FC0000>
18 26 -1 25 21] 104 @dc
[<
60F0F060>
4 4 -3 3 11] 46 @dc
[<
03FFE000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C000000
1C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000001C0000801C
0080801C0080801C0080C01C0180401C0100401C0100701C07007FFFFF00>
25 26 -1 25 28] 84 @dc
[<
00800001C00001C00001C00003A00003A0000790000710000710000E08000E08001E0C001C
04001C04003C0600FF1F80>
17 16 -1 15 20] 118 @dc
[<
7E00E300E18041C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001
C001C001C001C00FC0000000000000000000000000018003C003C00180>
10 33 2 25 12] 106 @dc
[<
7FE00E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E00FFC00E000E000E
000E000E000E000E100738031801F0>
13 26 0 25 12] 102 @dc
[<
FF801C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C
001C001C001C001C001C001C00FC00>
9 26 0 25 11] 108 @dc
[<
FC3FC0381E00181C0008380004380002700003E00001E00001C00003C0000760000720000E
10001C18003C1C00FF3F80>
18 16 -1 15 20] 120 @dc
[<
7F0FF00E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E
07000E07000E0700FFFFF00E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E070006070407078E0183
C600FC7C>
23 26 0 25 22] 11 @dc
[<
7F0FE00E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E07000E
07000E07000E0700FFFF000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E02000607000703000182
0000FC00>
19 26 0 25 21] 12 @dc
/@F15 @newfont
@F15 @sf
[<
0C000C008C40EDC07F800C007F80EDC08C400C000C00>
10 11 -3 11 16] 3 @dc
/@F14 @newfont
@F14 @sf
[<
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0000E00000E000106000107000103000303800301C00700E00B003833000FC10>
20 23 -2 22 25] 67 @dc
[<
07C018303018701CE00EE00EE00EE00EE00E600C600C3018183007C0>
15 14 -1 13 18] 111 @dc
[<
FF80001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001CF8001F0E001C07001C03801C01801C01C01C
01C01C01C01C01C01C01801C03801C03001F0E00FCF800>
18 20 0 13 20] 112 @dc
[<
7800A400E200E200010001000180018003C003C003C0072007200E100E101C081C083C0C3C
0EFE1F>
16 20 -1 13 19] 121 @dc
[<
FF801C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C101E381D38FCF0>
13 14 0 13 14] 114 @dc
[<
FF1C1C1C1C1C1C1C1C1C1C1C1C7C0000000000183C3C18>
8 23 0 22 10] 105 @dc
[<
0FE03838600CC006C006C006600E3FFC3FF83FE0600020002F8018C0306070707070707030
6018E30F9E>
16 21 -1 13 18] 103 @dc
[<
FF9FE01C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001E07001D
8E001C7C001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0000FC0000>
19 23 0 22 20] 104 @dc
[<
0F001C8038403840384038403800380038003800380038003800FF80380018001800080008
000800>
10 20 -1 19 14] 116 @dc
[<
07C01830300870086000E000E000E000E000600070103038183807F0>
13 14 -1 13 16] 99 @dc
@F13 @sf
[<
000FC000007FF80001F03E0003800700060001800C0000C018000060300000303000003060
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00000FC000>
30 29 -2 22 35] 13 @dc
@F14 @sf
[<
FF803C1C00721C00E11C00E11C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C01C01C07801FFE001C
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24 23 -1 22 26] 82 @dc
[<
03E7E00E17001C0F001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C
0700FC3F00>
19 14 0 13 20] 117 @dc
[<
9F00E0C0C0608060806001E01FC07F80FF00E000C040C04060C01F40>
11 14 -1 13 14] 115 @dc
[<
07C01830301070086000E000E000E000FFF8E0187038303018600FC0>
13 14 -1 13 16] 101 @dc
[<
FF801C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C
001C001C001C00FC00>
9 23 0 22 10] 108 @dc
[<
FFFFC01C03C01C00C01C00401C00601C00601C00201C00201C00201C00001C00001C00001C
00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0000FFC000>
19 23 -1 22 22] 76 @dc
[<
60F0F060>
4 4 -3 3 10] 46 @dc
[<
FFFF001C01C01C00E01C00701C00381C00381C00381C00381C00301C00701C00E01FFFC01F
FF801C01C01C00E01C00701C00701C00701C00701C00601C00E01C0380FFFE00>
21 23 -1 22 25] 66 @dc
[<
1F1E70FFE079E039E039703830381E3803F800381038383038601FC0>
16 14 -1 13 18] 97 @dc
[<
FF9FE01C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001E07001D
8E00FC7C00>
19 14 0 13 20] 110 @dc
[<
07CFC0182E00301E00700E00600E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00600E00700E00300E001C
3E0007CE00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00007E00>
18 23 -1 22 20] 100 @dc
[<
7FF007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700FF
0007000300>
12 21 -2 20 18] 49 @dc
[<
1F8020C0603070187018001C000C000E0F8E186E301E601EE00EE00EE00EE00CE00C601830
18183007C0>
15 21 -1 20 18] 57 @dc
[<
0FE03830600CC004C006C006C00E601E607C18F80FF00FC01F603E107818700C600C600C20
18183007E0>
15 21 -1 20 18] 56 @dc
[<
40402020101070F0F060>
4 10 -3 3 10] 44 @dc
[<
07C01C703018701C600C600CE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00E600C600C701C30
18183007C0>
15 21 -1 20 18] 48 @dc
[<
FF80001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001FFE001C
03801C00C01C00601C00701C00701C00701C00701C00601C00C01C0380FFFE00>
20 23 -1 22 24] 80 @dc
[<
FF9FE7F81C0701C01C0701C01C0701C01C0701C01C0701C01C0701C01C0701C01C0701C01C
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29 14 0 13 29] 109 @dc
[<
10F8001B0E001C03001C03801C01801C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01801C03801C03001F
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18 23 0 22 20] 98 @dc
[<
FF801C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C00FF801C001C001C001C001C
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12 23 0 22 11] 102 @dc
[<
FF80FF80>
9 2 0 7 12] 45 @dc
[<
0303000303000703800787800787800E86400E4E400E4E401C4C201C3C201C3C2038381038
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22 14 -1 13 25] 119 @dc
[<
0180018003C003C003C0072007200E100E101C081C083C0C3C0EFE1F>
16 14 -1 13 19] 118 @dc
[<
07FFC000380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380000
38000038000038000038008038048038048038044038084038086038187FFFF8>
22 23 -1 22 25] 84 @dc
[<
FC7F383C1838087004F002E001C0038007C007400E201C103C18FE3F>
16 14 -1 13 19] 120 @dc
[<
1F006180C1C0E0E0E0E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000
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14 23 -2 22 18] 74 @dc
[<
40402020101070F0F06000000000000060F0F060>
4 20 -3 13 10] 59 @dc

0 @eop0

0 0 0 @bop1 314 482 a @F0 @sf(Coping)21 b(with)g(the)h(Threat)g(of)g
(Computer)g(Securit)n(y)-793 91 y(Inciden)n(ts)-772 91 y(A)f(Primer)i
(from)f(Prev)n(en)n(tion)g(through)f(Reco)n(v)n(ery)-830 121 y @F3 @sf
(Russell)15 b(L.)i(Brand)16 -18 y @F13 @sf(\003)-340 115 y @F3 @sf(June)f
(8,)g(1990)q -218 191 a @F11 @sf(Abstract)-638 65 y @F12 @sf(As)e
(computer)g(securit)o(y)h(b)q(ecomes)f(a)g(more)g(imp)q(ortan)o(t)h(issue)f
(in)g(mo)q(dern)h(so-)-1225 45 y(ciet)o(y)m(,)g(it)g(b)q(egins)h(to)f(w)o
(arran)o(t)g(a)h(systematic)f(approac)o(h.)25 b(The)15 b(v)n(ast)h(ma)r
(jorit)o(y)f(of)-1225 46 y(the)g(computer)h(securit)o(y)f(problems)g(and)h
(the)f(costs)g(asso)q(ciated)h(with)e(them)h(can)-1224 46 y(b)q(e)d(prev)o
(en)o(ted)h(with)e(simple)g(inexp)q(ensiv)o(e)i(measures.)k(The)11 b(most)h
(imp)q(ortan)o(t)g(and)-1224 45 y(cost)i(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(of)g(these)g
(measures)g(are)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)g(in)g(the)f(prev)o(en)o(tion)i(and)g
(plan-)-1225 46 y(ning)f(phases.)19 b(These)13 b(metho)q(ds)i(are)e
(presen)o(ted)h(follo)o(w)o(ed)f(b)o(y)h(a)f(simpli\014ed)g(guide)-1224
46 y(to)g(inciden)o(t)g(handling)h(and)g(reco)o(v)o(ery)m(.)-675 1057 y
573 -2 z 45 27 a @F15 @sf(\003)2 12 y @F14 @sf(Cop)o(yrigh)o(t)o 20 -1 a
(c)-26 1 y @F13 @sf(\015)e @F14 @sf(Russell)e(L.)h(Brand)f(1989,)g(1990)g
(P)o(ermission)g(to)h(cop)o(y)f(and)g(redistri)o(but)o(e)g(this)g(infor-)
-1433 39 y(mation)f(in)h(whole)h(or)f(in)g(part)g(is)g(gran)o(ted)o 10 x
(pro)o(vid)o(ed)f(eac)o(h)g(cop)o(y)h(include)o(s)f(attributi)o(on)g(and)h
(the)g(v)o(ersion)o -1433 40 a(informat)o(ion)o(.)23 b(This)14 b(p)q
(ermission)f(extends)g(for)h(one)f(y)o(ear)g(min)o(us)h(one)g(da)o(y)g
(from)g(June)f(8,)i(1990;)g(past)-1433 39 y(that)9 b(p)q(oin)o(t,)g(the)g
(reader)g(should)g(obtain)g(a)h(new)o(er)g(cop)o(y)f(of)h(the)g(article)o
9 x(as)h(the)e(informatio)o(n)g(will)i(b)q(e)f(out)-1433 39 y(of)h(date.)
587 125 y @F9 @sf(0)-988 b
0 @eop1