Category : Various Text files
Archive   : NLM-INFO.ZIP
Filename : VIDEOD.TXT

VIDEODISC PROJECTS
LISTER HILL CENTER

October 1993

The Educational Technology Branch (ETB) conducts research and
development in computer and multimedia learning technologies,
disseminates information about these technologies to NLM's various
constituencies, and supports their application in health professions
education. ETB activities have a significant audiovisual component,
typically combining microcomputer and optical disc technologies and
using analog videodisc-based images and varied digital image formats.

Interactive Technology Sampler

The Interactive Technology Sampler is an interactive videodisc with
vignettes portraying 20 interactive technology programs in the health
sciences. Individual vignettes may be accessed via a main menu or index
and there are "tours" providing additional information about some
programs. A wide range of specialty areas is represented, including
general medicine, dentistry, nursing, anatomy, pathology, psychiatry,
physiology, cardiology, and radiology. Varied educational applications
of interactive technology also are shown, such as visual databases,
clinical simulations, hypermedia, and expert systems. The programs
portrayed may be seen in their entirety in The Learning Center for
Interactive Technology. They include Nursing Care of the Elderly
Patient with COPD, The Encyclopedia of Echocardiology, Human Light
Microscopy, Electric Cadaver, AI/Rheum, Heartlab, Shotgun Wound to
Abdomen, Combat Trauma, Mediquiz, CBX (NBME Computer-Based Test), Atlas
of Hematology, MEDLINE_ on CD-ROM, Cardiovascular Laboratory, Teenage
Suicide, Hyperbrain (Slice of Life), PathMac, TIME, Oral Disease
Simulations, Knee Anatomy, and the Interactive Textbook. The disc was
developed to make information about these programs and technologies more
generally accessible and can be used to illustrate stand-up lectures or
individually in kiosks and exhibits. Since the videodisc was designed
for use with multiple control systems (videodisc player remote
controllers, barcode, or either Macintosh or IBM compatible computers),
it demonstrates several different ways to use interactive video. The
"Sampler" is available at no charge to libraries and media centers
supporting health professions education programs.
Contact Dr. Craig Locatis ([email protected]. gov) or call (301) 496-
6280 for further information.

Dermatology Visual Database

In cooperation with the Sulzberger Institute for Dermatologic Education
of the American Academy of Dermatology, three research videodiscs have
been produced in limited quantity.

In 1985, a dermatologic descriptive videodisc was produced. It consists
of video transfers of exemplary skin lesions from the departmental
photographic collections of New York University, The Johns Hopkins
University, and the University of Pennsylvania, and a "febrile eruption"
collection of William Van Stoecker, M.D., of Rolla, MO, as well as live
video recordings of two patients from Johns Hopkins. The purpose of the
disc was to judge image quality of slide to video transfer by the method
of vertical capture stand. It was judged unsatisfactory because of
chromatic and edge aberrations. Ten copies were produced and none are
currently available.

In 1987, a pigmented lesions videodisc was produced. It consists of
videomicroscopy of pigmented skin lesions as well as video transfers of
slides from the collection of William Crutcher, M.D. of Napa, CA, and
the University of Pennsylvania Melanoma Cooperative Study. The purpose
of the disc was to judge image quality using an Ikegami camera and a
computer-driven graphic stand in the Lister Hill Center video production
studio. Requests for copies of the disc can be made to the Sulzberger
Institute for Dermatologic Education, PO Box 4014, 930 Meachum Rd.,
Schaumberg, IL 60168-4014.

In 1990, a dermatology slide comparison videodisc was produced. It
contains a test collection of slides of skin lesions and other test
patterns assembled by Robert Schosser, M.D. The same slides were
transferred to video by several methods including: internegative
transfer by Stokes Slide Service of Austin, TX; Thompson flying spot
scan by US Video of Vienna, VA; aerial image transfer by Image
Premastering of St. Paul, MN; and matte projection with direct video
capture at the Lister Hill Center production studio. The purpose of
this videodisc was to compare transfer methods. Requests for copies of
the disc may be made to the Sulzberger Institute for Dermatologic
Education, PO Box 4014, 930 Meachum Rd., Schaumberg, IL 60168-4014.

Microscopic Anatomy Videodisc

A videodisc to support teaching/learning microscopic anatomy was
produced at NLM in 1987 by Dr. Frank D. Allan who was on leave from the
George Washington University Medical School. The disc contains 2985
high quality images of normal tissue. Each image is present on the
videodisc with and without a label. The image library is described in a
dBase database. A computer program (written by Dr. Daniel Masys,
Director, Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications)
that uses word searches to locate individual pictures is available. The
program also permits teachers to create and edit selected sequences of
pictures ("slide shows") for use in lectures, conferences, etc. Once
created and named, the slide show can be re-called from disk at any time
and presented in sequential or selected order.

A subset of this microscopic anatomy visual library is also included on
a Basic Medical Pathology Videodisc ("Cell Injury, 2nd. Ed.") published
in 1993.

The microscopic anatomy videodisc, entitled "Human Light Microscopy" is
distributed by the University of Washington. For further information,
contact John Bolles, Center for Educational Resources, University of
Washington, SB-56, Seattle, WA 98195.

CCDS (Computer-assisted Curriculum Delivery Systems) Program
Since its inception in 1981, this program has produced 21 videodiscs and
has established a world-wide network of health professions schools to
field test its products.

1.Basic Medical Pathology Project: This project has produced 11
videodiscs and associated computer programs to provide a complete self-
study system for Basic Medical Pathology. Each videodisc program has a
"mini-lecture" on the topic plus a visual database of 500-800
photomicrographs of pathological and normal tissue and multiple
magnifications of each. The topics covered are:

"Cellular Alterations and Adaptations"
"Cell Injury and Cell Death"
"Necrosis"
"Thrombosis, Embolism, and Infarction"
"Edema, Congestion, and Shock"
"Acute Inflammation: Axud`tes and Phagocytosis"
"Acute Inflammation: Chemical Mediators"
"Chronic Inflammation and Wound Healing"
"Neoplasia: Nomenclature of Benign and Malignant States"
"Neoplasia: Metastasis and Differentiation"
"Cellular Accumulations"

Second editions of the first two topics were released in 1993. Both of
these videodiscs contain the slide banks from all the other discs, and
"Cell Injury, 2nd. Ed." contains a large sample of images from the NLM
microscopic anatomy videodisc. These discs should be of interest to
anyone wishing to develop their own instructional programs. Descriptive
databases that provide frame number, magnification, topography,
morphology, and stain for each picture are available. Self-assessment
programs also are available. Programs testing students' knowledge of
pathology and ability to interpret images also are available.

The latest version (1992) of the computer program is written in a
relational database language (CLIPPER). It runs on stand-alone student
work stations and on networks. The program requires an 80286 or faster
cpu. It requires 5.5 megabytes of hard disk space and a minimum of 512K
RAM. Most modern videodisc players (Hitachi 95xx, Pioneer 6xxx,
Pioneer 42xx, Pioneer 8xxx, Pioneer 22xx, Sony 12xx, Sony 15xx) are
supported.

The programs are being used at medical schools in the U.S. (57), Canada
(6), England (1), Spain (1), Lithuania (1), the Philippines (2), Puerto
Rico (1), and Grenada (1). Over 10,000 students in medical, veterinary,
osteopathic, and pharmacy schools have used and evaluated the lessons.
Overall, they rated the lessons 4+ as learning experiences on a scale of
1 (=worthless) to 5 (= superb). Currently applications to join the
project will be considered only from schools with multiple student work
stations and plans to use the videodiscs as a major part of the
pathology curriculum.

2. Mental Health: In cooperation with the National Institute of Mental
Health in the mid-1980's, CCDS developed a videodisc series (3 sides) on
"The Suicidal Adolescent." It presents clinical case simulations during
which the learner decides which questions the physician will ask the
patients, sees patient responses, and formulates a diagnosis and
treatment plan. A unique feature of the program is that the learner
gets to "look inside the doctor's head" by pressing a key which
activates the second audio track on which are recorded the doctor's
thoughts as the interview proceeds. Self-assessment questions are
included. It is currently being distributed by the National Technical
Information Service (NTIS) and the Stewart Publishing Company.

3. Orthopaedic Medicine: In collaboration with the American Academy of
Orthopaedic Surgeons, CCDS developed two videodiscs: (1) a clinical
case simulation ("The Chronic Unstable Knee"), and (2) a visual database
of anatomical, CT, and MR images of the human knee in three planes and
the human forearm in cross section. Computer programs support self-
study of knee and forearm anatomy, comparison of knee anatomy, CT, and
MR images, and clinical case simulations in which diagnoses must be made
from magnetic resonance images. The "Chronic Unstable Knee" has
recently been re-implemented in the TenCORE environment. All of these
programs run on IBM-type microcomputers. The knee and arm anatomy
programs require InfoWindows (or compatible) systems, including M-
Motion. The MR case simulations require two videodisc players, one of
which must be a Pioneer LD-V8000. These programs are currently
available on loan from CCDS.

4. Medical Image Library: CCDS produced a research videodisc in 1984
with a "cafeteria" of images (radiology, parasitology, microanatomy,
dermatology, etc.). It can be made available to individuals who have
well-defined plans to use it to produce self-instructional materials for
health professions students. It has been used by the Ohio State
University to produce learning modules in parasitology.

For additional information on any of the CCDS videodiscs, contact Dr.
James Woods ([email protected]) or call (301) 496-6280.