Category : Financial and Statistics
Archive   : AEA501E.ZIP
Filename : ASEASY.HLP

35
ORDER 788
Shareware 1547
ASP 2427
Arrays 3073
Columns 3932
Distributors 4803
FileImport 5514
FormatCells 7231
F-Keys 8107
General 11191
Goalseeking 12787
Graphs 13715
Install 15451
Keys 16643
Linking 17338
Macros 18193
MacroRec 18960
MacroKeys 19877
MacroWords 20971
Parsing 24778
PrintSetup 25857
Printing 26899
Querying 29575
Sorting 32973
WordProc 33740
@Date/Time 34604
@Finance 35821
@LogicFunc 37637
@Math 38851
@Statistics 40802
@Special 43567
@String 45397
@UserFunc 47506
3D-Panels 48198
End 49427
!ORDER
<<<<<<<OÒÄÅÒFÏÒÍ>>>>>>>
ÒegisterándçetôheÌATESTöersionïfAS-EASY-AS5,
áÐRINTEDíanual,ôechnicalóupport,åtc.

ÄiskÓizeName:ß_________________________
µ.25"____3.5"____
ÿÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿Address:ß______________________

ÿ³TRIUS,Énc. ÿ³
ÿ³P.O.ÂOX²49ÿ³City:___________________________
ÿ³N.Ándover,ÍA°1845ÿ³
ÿÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙState:_____Zip:_______________
ÃreditÃardÐurchasers,Ãall±-800-468-7487ORDERSÏNLY!

Ãopiesß___@¤69.00«¤6.00Ó&HåachTotalß_______

Ãheckß___VISAß___MCß____Otherß______

£ß_______________________________Exp.Dateß___/_______

Óignatureß_______________________Dateß___/____/______
ªCALLµ08-794-9377æorÌatestÖersion/PriceándÉnfo*
ªCallõsæoráæoreignäistributorénùourãountry*
!Shareware
SÈÁÒÅ×ÁÒÅ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
_______
____|__|(tm)
--|||-------------------
|____|__|Associationïf
|||_|Shareware
|__|o|Professionals
-----|||---------------------
|___|___|MEMBER

Theóharewareãonceptèasíadeétðossibleæorùouôo
obtainåxtremelyðowerfulóoftwareátáðriceùouãan
afford,ándétçivesùouôheïpportunityôoôryôhe
softwareâeforeùouòegister.

SharewareésëeptáliveâyÙOURóupport.

Evaluateôheðrogramæor³0-daysándçiveãopiesôoùour
friendsæoråvaluation.If,áfterôhe³0äays,ùou
continueôoõseôheðrogram,ôhenòegisterétâyóendingõs
theòegistrationæorméncludedénôhisèelpæileïrây
callingµ08-794-9377.Ùou÷illòeceiveôheÌatestöersion,
Printedíanual,Ôechnicalóupport,Îewsletter,®.....

HelpóupportîewäevelopmentsénÁS-EASY-AS,òegister
yourãopyôoday!

Thankùouæorùouróupport,
TheðeopleátÔRIUS,Énc.
!ASP
ASSOCIATIONÏFÓHAREWAREÐROFESSIONALS
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
AS-EASY-ASésðroducedâyáíemberïfôheÁssociationïf
SharewareÐrofessionals¨ASP).ASP÷antsôoíakeóureôhat
theóharewareðrinciple÷orksæorùou.Ifùouáreõnable
toòesolveáóhareware-relatedðroblem÷ithánÁSPíember
byãontactingôheíemberäirectly,ÁSPíayâeábleôoèelp.
TheÁSPÏmbudsmanãanèelpùouòesolveáäisputeïrðroblem
withánÁSPíember,âutäoesîotðrovideôechnicalóupport
foríember'sðroducts.Please÷riteôoôheÁSPÏmbudsman
at:

ASPÏmbudsman
545ÇroverÒoad
Muskegon,ÍI49442-9427

oróendáÃompuserveíessageöiaåasyplexôoÁSPÏmbudsman
70007,3536.

!Arrays

AÒÒÁÙ(MÁÔÒÉØ)OÐÅÒÁÔÉÏÎÓ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
NoteôhatíatrixÁddándÓubtractïperationòesultsáre
controlledâyôheóizeïfôheæirstíatrixópecifiedæor
theïperation¨seeâelow).Inåachíatrixïperation,ùou
areáskedôoópecifyôheæirst¨A)íatrix,ôheóecond¨B)
matrixándôheôopìeftãornerïfôheïutputíatrix¨C)
range.TheïnlyåxceptionésôheÅquationÓolverïption
whereïnlyïneénputíatrixòangeésòequired.

Please,îoteôhatôheïutputíatrix÷illòeplace
anyénformationôhatåxistsénôheópecifiedòange.


Addition: A[i,j]«Â[k,l]½Ã[i,j]

Subtraction:A[i,j]­Â[k,l]½Ã[i,j]

Multiplication:A[i,j]øÂ[j,k]½Ã[i,k].

Transposition:A[i,j]­->Á[j,i]

Inversion:A[i,i]­>Â[i,i]óoôhatAxB=I

EquationÓolver:Îoteôhatôheãonstantsöectorîeedsôo
beðlacedémmediatelyôoôheòight
ofôheãoefficientíatrixâeforeôhe
selectingôhisãommand.

!Columns

CÏÌÕÍÎOÐÅÒÁÔÉÏÎÓ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
*Toóet×idthïfãurrentãolumnôoînãharacters,äo
oneïfôheæollowing:

(1)Press¯SCSnn[ENTER],ïr
(2)Press¯SCSándõseárrowëeysôoóhrink/expand,ïr
(3)Locateíouseðointerïnãolumnìetter,äepress
theìeftâuttonándôheíoveíouse÷hileèolding
theâuttonäown.Letçoïfôheíouseâutton÷hen
theäesiredãolumn÷idthésáttained.

*ToÓetÇlobalÃolumn×idth,Ðress/SCGnn[ENTER]
(Itïnlyáffectsãolumn÷idthsôhatèaveîotâeenóet
individually).Noteôhatîn,ábove,íayâeòeplacedây
aæormula÷hichãanâeåvaluatedõsingôheÆ9¨Calc)
keyâeforeÛENTER]ésðressed.

*Widthæoròangeïfãolumns:¯SCArange[ENTER]nn[ENTER]

*DeleteÃolumns­¯SDCrange[ENTER]

*InsertÃolumns­¯SICrange[ENTER]

Note:§range',ábove,ésányöalidòange;étãanâe
typedénïrèighlightedõsingôheárrowëeysándôhe
pointingíethod.

!Distributors
DÉÓÔÒÉÂÕÔÏÒÓ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
TheæollowingésôheãurrentìistïfÔRIUS'Äistributors:
(AuthorizedôoóellÒegisteredðackagesïfÔRIUSðroducts)
ÿÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
AUSTRALIA­ÍANACCOM,Ôel.¨07)³68²366
ENGLAND-ÓharewareÐublishing,Ôel.0297²4088
FRANCE-ÓERÉNFORMATIQUEÓARL,Ôel.81¸4°1¸7
GERMANY-ÃomputerÓolutionsÇmbH,Ôel.¨080)¹2µ018
SPAIN-ÉnternationalÓoftwareÇroup,Ôel.¹1µ19µ719

Foráäistributorénùourãountry,ãontactÔRIUS,Énc.

ÿÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
ÿ³
TRIUS,Énc.ÿ³
ÿ³
P.O.ÂOX²49ÿ³
ÿ³
N.Ándover,ÍA°1845-0249ÿ³
ÿ³
U.S.A. ÿ³
ÿ³
Tel.(508)·94-9377ÿ³
ÿÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ

!FileImport
IÍÐÏÒÔÉÎÇ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
TheÆile,ÉmportãommandãanâeõsedôoémportÔextâased
(ASCII)ándäBASEæileséntoánÁS-EASY-AS÷orksheet,ïr
toémportôheãurrentäirectoryìisting.

dBASEÏption:
IfôheäBASEïptionésóelected,òecordsénôheóelected
dBASE-formatæileáreémportedéntoôheãurrent
worksheet,÷ithåachæieldïfôheòecordsénôheäBASE
fileðlacedénáãolumnïfôhe÷orksheet.Theãolumn
widthsáreádjustedôoòeflectôheæieldóizeénôhe
dBASEæileâeingémported.


TextïrÖalueÏption:
IfôheÖaluesïrÔextïptionáreóelected,ôhenÁS-EASY-AS
assumesôhatánÁSCIIæileésâeingémported.IfôheÔext
optionésóelected,ÅACHÌINEénôheémportedæileâecomes
aÓTRINGénôheãurrentãolumnïfôhe÷orksheet.Strings
importedôhis÷ay,ãanôhenâeðarsedéntoôextándöalues
usingôheÄata,Ðarseãommand¨SeeÐarsingæoræormat
andäelimiteräetails).

IfôheÖalueïptionésóelected,ôhenðarsing
automaticallyôakesðlaceäuringôheémportingðrocess.
(SeeÐarsingæoræormatándäelimiteräetails).


Example:
TextÆileãontainsôheæollowingôwoìines;

Number¹ésíyìuckyîumber
16és±.6E+00énÓcientificÎotation

Whenémportedéntoá÷orksheet,ôheäataésárrangedás
shownâelow:


A.Æile,Émport,Ôext¨WithoutÐarsing).
----------------------------------------
ÿÚ.......A/....B/....C/............D/.......E/......
1 ÿ³Number¹ésíyìuckyîumber
2 ÿ³16és±.6E+00énÓcientificÎotation
3 ÿ³
4 ÿ³

Noteôhatálthoughôheäataóeemsôoópanæiveãolumns
(A-E),åachìineésáctuallyánåntryénãolumnÁ.


B.Æile,Émport,Öalue¨orÔextæollowedâyÐarsing).
-----------------------------------------------------
ÿÚ.......A/....B/....C/............D/.......E/......
1 ÿ³Number9ismyluckynumber
2 ÿ³16és±6énScientificNotation
3 ÿ³
4 ÿ³
!FormatCells
FÏÒÍÁÔÔÉÎÇ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
Noteôhatéfáãellèasâeenæormatted,áæormatótatus
indicatorésäisplayedénôheðanelárea.Formattingïnly
affectsôheáppearanceïfáãell,îotôheáctualãontents
ofôheãell.Aãellãontainingµ.2íayâeæormattedôo
displayµ.,âutôheöalueµ.2÷illâeõsedénány
calculationsénvolvingôhatãell.


Example
Display
Type FormatStatus
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Fixed 123.12[F2]-Æixed,²äecimals
Science1.245E+8[S3]-Ócience,³äecimals
,1,500.0[,1]-Ãomma,±äecimal
Currency$523.52[C2]-Ãurrency,²äecimals
Percent34%[%0]-Ðercent,îoäecimals
General[G]-Îone
Text+A1+B2[T]-Ôext
+/-+++++[+/-]­Çraphical
Date20Íay,87[D1]-Äate,Ôype±
HideÛH]
Engineering[bn]-Ångineering
Box[X]-Âox
Label[L]-ÌabelÆormat
ResetReturnôo
General





!F-Keys
FÕÎÃÔÉÏÎKÅÙÓ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
[[-F1-]]
--------
A.ÉnôheòeadyíodeéténvokesÈelp¨that'sèowùouçot
hereénôheæirstðlace).

B.Émmediatelyæollowingáìeftãurlyâracket,étârings
upáìistïfállávailableíacroãommandsénÁSEASY.

C.Áfteránïperatorèasâeenåntered¨+,-,*,....),ét
bringsõpáìistïfállîamedòangesénôheãurrent
worksheet.Simplyèighlightôheäesiredîamedòange
andðressÛENTER]ôoénsertétátôheãurrentóursor
locationénôheæormulaùouáreôyping.

D.ÁfterôheÀëeyèasâeenåntered,étâringsõpáìist
ofállæunctionîames.Simplyèighlightôheäesired
functionándðressÛENTER]ôoénsertétátôhe
currentóursorìocationénôheæormulaùouáreôyping.

E.Áfteráâackslashèasâeenåntered,étâringsõpáìist
withállôheðrinteróetupãodesãontainedénôhe
externalæileÁSEASY.PRT.


[[-F2-]]-EDIT
--------
Placesôheãontentsïfôheãellôheãursorésãurrently
on,énôheðaneláreaándénvokesôheåditíode.Arrow,
Del,Éns,ÈomeándÅndëeysáreáctive.ÐressÛENTER]ôo
acceptányãhangesándòeturnôoôheòeadyíode.


[[-F3-]]-MACRO/ControlÃodes
--------
A.Ùouáreðromptedæoráîamedíacroôoåxecute.Either
typeôheîame¨oráãelláddress),ïrèitÅSCôo
displayáìistïfállòangeîamesávailable.Select
theïneãorrespondingôoôheíacroùou÷antôoåxecute
andðressÛENTER].

B.×hileénôheÅditíodeÛF2],ðressingÆ3ðlacesùouén
theÃontrol-Code-Bypassíode÷hichállowsùouôoånter
printerãontrolãodes¨lowerôhan°32ÁSCII)õsingôhe
Alt-Numericëeypadãombination.ÆorÅxample,ôhe
followingëeyóequence,

SampleÆ3Ált-015ÓmallÆ3Ált-018ðrint,

willòesulténôhe÷ord§Small'ðrintedénãondensed
mode¨onánÅPSONãompatibleðrinter).


[[-F4-]]-ABSOLUTEÁDDRESS
--------
Ifùouáreånteringáæormulaõsingôheðointingíode,
i.e.,íovingôoôheáppropriateãellsõsingôheárrow
keys,òatherôhanôypingôheãelláddress,ôhen
pressingÆ4÷illíakeôheìastãellòeferenceábsolute.
RepeatedlyðressingÆ4÷illãycleôhroughíakingãolumn,
rowándâothãoordinatesâeingábsolute.Note:Æ4ésïnly
activeéfùouáreénôheðointingíodeándéfôheìast
characterôypedésánïperator.


[[-F5-]]-GOTO
--------
Youáreðromptedæoráäestinationãell.Youãanåither
typeôheãellïròangeîameùou÷antôoçoôo,ïrðress
ESCôoâeðresented÷ithá÷indowãontainingállôheòange
namesénôhe÷orksheet.Selectôheòangeîameùou÷ant
andðressÛENTER].


[[-F6-]]-WINDOW
--------
Ifôwo÷indows¨horizontalïröertical)áreãurrentlyïpen
F6ôogglesôheãursorâetweenôhem.Ifïnlyïne÷indowés
open,ðressingÆ6ôogglesôheãursorâetweenôheãurrent
andìastãursorãellìocation.


[[-F7-]]-VIEW
--------
Noåffectéfïnlyïneöiewésïpen.Ifíoreöiewsáre
open,ðressingÆ7ãyclesôhroughállôheïpen
windows/views.


[[-F9-]]-CALC
--------
Re-calculatesállãellsôhatãontainæormulas.Ifén
theåditíode,ðressingÆ9òeplacesôheæormulaôhatés
displayedénôheðanelárea÷ithétsãalculatedöalue,

e.g.type23*11ðressÆ9ándôheðaneláreäisplays²53


[[-F10-]]-GRAPH
---------
Re-displaysôheãurrentçraph.Thisæunctionëeyés
usefulæoröiewingçraphs÷hileðerforming÷hat-if
analyses.ÕsingÆ10ùouäoîotèaveôoçoôhroughôhe¯GV
andôhenÑuitóequenceåveryôimeùouãhangeôheöaluesïf
theäefinedØándÙòanges.

!General
GÅÔÔÉÎÇSÔÁÒÔÅÄ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
Manyïfôheïptions,ávailableénôheðrogram,ãanâe
invoked÷henótartingôheðrogram.

Theæormés:ASEASY¯Switch1/Switch2/...ÛENTER]

¯P-Õseálternateíenuæile¨ASEASY.MN2)÷hich
providesãommandãompatibility÷ith
version´.00ïfÁS-EASY-AS.
¯ATT-ÅnablesÁTTäisplayçraphics,öideoíode¤48
¯ATT2-ÅnablesÁTTäisplayçraphics,öideoíode¤40
¯AUTO=File...­Ópecifyôhe÷orksheetôoâeìoaded
whenôheðrogramésótarted
¯BK=x-Óetócreenâlank-outðeriodôoøóeconds
¯BM-ÂypassÍonoÄetectionÓcheme
¯CFG=xxx­Ópecifyôheãonfigurationæileôoõse
¯CTR-Ãenterãolumnédentifyingìetters
¯DIR=Path..-SetôheÐathôoôhe×KSæiles
¯DW-Ãolorðrotectedãellsáfter¯RLãommandés
used
¯E-ÅnablesçraphicsæorÅGA
¯EM-ÅnablesíonoÅGAÍode
¯EV-ÅnablesÇraphicsæorÖGA
¯EVM-ÅnablesÇraphicsÖGAíode
¯H-ÅnablesçraphicsæorÈercules
¯H2-ÅnablesçraphicsæorÈercules,ÖideoÐg.²
¯MONO-Ãhangesãolorsôo÷hiteïnâlack¨CGAãard)
¯NE-ÄOÎOTõseÅMSåvenéfæound
¯NT-ÎoÔurboËeyboard.Alsoäisableótatus
blinking.
¯NR-ÎoòecalÌinking.ForcesÍanualÒecalc.
¯NW-ÕseÎthâiníodelòatherôhanÎth+1¨default)
¯Q-ÑuickócreenõpdatingæorÃGA
¯RA-ÒoundÁbsolute¨e.g.±.6ôo².,­1.6ôo­2.)
¯UK_Óetôheãurrencyôo ÿœ
andÀDATEôoÄD/MM/YY
¯VM=nnn-ÕseÖirtual¨disk)ÅMSíodel,înn-Pages
(4kåach,õpôo²000Íbðages)
¯VP=Path­ÓetÐathæorÖirtual¨disk)íemoryÆile
¯V1-ÆorceÃGAÅmulation¨normallyïnÖGA
Monitor)

*ÍenusáreáccessedâyðressingôheólashÛ/]ëey.

*ÔoåxitærományíenuðressôheÛESC]ëey.

*ÇraphsãanâeðrintedôoáÐICæile,áÄotÍatrix
oráìaserðrinterâyáccessingôheÇraphóub-menu.

!Goalseeking
GÏÁÌÓÅÅËÉÎÇ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
Findsôheénputîecessaryôoðroduceáäesiredánswer.

*ÓpecifyÉnputÃell
*ÓpecifyÏutputÃell
*ÓpecifyÄesiredÏutputÖalue
*ÓpecifyÔoleranceæoréterativeðrocess

Example:Consideráôypicalámortizationðroblemïf
borrowing±0,000át±2%æor²ùears:

®........A/.......B/.......C/.......D/.......E/
1ÿ³
2ÿ³(Input)(Output)
3ÿ³15,0001.000%24706.10
4ÿ³ÿ³ÿ³ÿ³ÿ³
ÿ³ÿ³#
ofÐaymentsÿ³
LoanÁmountÿ³PaymentÁmount
ÿ³@PMT(A3,B3,C3)
MonthlyÉnterestÒate(12%ðerùr)

Now,ìetõsóeekándæindôheíonthlyénterestòateôhat
wouldðermitâorrowingôhe±5,000æor²ùearséfôhe
maximumðaymentôhatãanâeáffordedðeríonthés
$650.00.(Tolerance½°.001).

/dgiB3[ENTER]oE3[ENTER]d530[ENTER]0.001[ENTER]

Theòesultsáreäisplayedâelow:
®........A/.......B/.......C/.......D/.......E/
1ÿ³
2ÿ³(Input)(Output)
3ÿ³15,0000.32%24650.00
ÿ³
DesiredÓolution
!Graphs
GÒÁÐÈÓIÎGÅÎÅÒÁÌ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
*Theâasicótepsôoæollowénäefiningáçrapháre:
[Noteôhatá)ándâ)âelowáreÁBSOLUTELYîecessary!]

a)DefineôheØ-Range
b)DefineïneïríoreÙ-ranges¨AôhroughÆ)
c)SelectáÇraphôype
d)SpecifyôheæormatïfôheØándÙáxes
e)SpecifyôheÇraph,Ø-axisándÙ-axisôitles
f)CustomizeÆonts,Ìabels,Ìineôypes,åtc.
g)Finally,ÖiewïrÐrintôheçraph.

*BAR,ÌINE,ÐIE,ÓTACKED,ÈLOC,ÁREA,ÓTRIPánd×ALL
typeçraphsáreîon-functionalôypes.Alløöaluesáre
treatedásìabelsándðlottedénôheïrderôheyïccur
inôheØ-range¨one-to-oneãorrespondenceésòequired).

*X-Y,ÃUME,ÒADAR,ÄELTAándÐOLARôypeçraphs
areôrueæunctionalçraphs.AllØöaluesáreôreated
asöalues.Y-valuesáreðlottedásæunctionals,
assumingãontinuousæunctionalòelationshipâetweenåach
XándÙöalue.

*Toçenerateánåxplodingðieãhartånterôheîumberïf
pixelsôhatùou÷antáðieóliceòemovedæromôheòest
ofôheðieénôheãolumnádjacentôoôheÁ-Range
column.RememberôhatáðieãhartãanïnlyèaveïneÙ-
range.IfíoreôhanïneÙ-rangesáreäefined,ôhen
ONLYôheÁ-rangeésõsedénçeneratingôheðieãhart.

X-RangeA-RangeExplodeÒange
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
6.21123.0
7.1 87.835Separateôhisóliceây
8.4 31.035ðixels.
9.5115.8


*TheÓPLITïptionÓhowsôwoçraphsïnôheóameócreen.
Theæirstçraphésôheçraphãurrentlyäefinedándôhe
secondésáîamedçraph.Îoteôhatôhisçraphésæor
displayðurposesïnly.Splitócreençraphsíayîotâe
printedásóuch.

*TheÍERGEïptionóhowsôwoçraphsóuperimposedïnôhe
sameócreen.Theìeftöerticaláxisäisplaysôheócale
forôheãurrentçraph,÷hileôheòightöerticaláxis
displaysôheócaleæorôheîamedçraphâeingíerged.

Note:Toäisableôheíerge/splitæeatures,óelect
/Graphics,Îame,Òeset.

!Install
IÎÓÔÁÌÌOÐÔÉÏÎÓ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ

*ÃOLORS:
SetôheãolorsæorÔext,Íenu,åtc.Moveôheãolor
cursor¨specifiedâyôheãharacters§AB')ôoôheäesired
colorãombinationándðressÛENTER]ôoáccept.
Alternatively,ùouíayóimplyånterôheîumberïfôhe
colorùouäesire.

*ÄIMENSION:³D-simulationïption¨seeÐanelsôopic).

*ÖIDEO:
Selectôheöideoôypesäesired,ándóupportedâyùour
hardware.NOTE:ÔheØ-Typeóelectionòequiresôhatôhe
userésæamiliar÷ithÖGAòegisteróettings.Please,
consultùourÖGAádapterãardándíonitoríanualâefore
attemptingôoóetôhisíode.

*ÐRINTER:
Selectôheðrinterãonnectedôoùourãomputer.Ifùou
cannotæindôheáppropriateðrinteróelection,ôhenôry
oneïfôheæollowing:

EPSONÆX-80éfùourðrinterés¹-pinÄotÍatrix
EPSONÌQ-1000éfùourðrinterés²4-pinÄotÍatrix
HPÌaserjetéfùouèaveáìaserjetðrinter

Chancesáreôhatùourðrinterésöeryãompatible÷ith
oneïfôheseçenericäeviceärivers.

Noteôhatâeforeùouãanóendïutputôoùourðrinter,
youálsoîeedôoíakeóureôhatôheÄEVICEóelectionés
correct.Doîotæorgetôhatíanyðrintersíayâe
configuredásåitherðarallelïróerialäevices.Check
toíakeóureôheóelectionénénstallándùourèardware
setupágree!

!Keys
MÏÖÉÎÇAÒÏÕÎÄ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
Up:Íoveõpïneòow
Down:Íoveäownïneòow
Left:Íoveìeftïneãolumn
Òight:Íoveòightïneãolumn
Home:ÍoveôoãellÁ1
Pgdn:Íoveäown²0òows
Pgup:Íoveõp²0òows
TAB:Íoveòightïneðage
ÓhftÔAB:Íoveìeftïneðage
Æ5:Çoôoópecifiedãellïrîamedòange
Æ6:ÇoôoÎext÷indow
Æ7:ÇoôoÎextÖiew

PressingôheÅndëey,æollowedâyïneïfárrowëeys,
movesôheãursorôoôheåndïfôheãurrentâlock.

ÿÚ........A/.......B/.......C/.......D/........E/
1 ÿ³2211451442
2 ÿ³787276
3 ÿ³456
4 ÿ³7129
5 ÿ³219049
6 ÿ³92141911
7 ÿ³93
8 ÿ³

IfÃursorátÁ1:[END]ÛDOWN]--->ÃursorátÁ2
then[END]ÛRIGHT]--->ÃursorátÃ2
!Linking
ÌÉÎËÉÎÇ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ

Cellsénôhe÷orksheetãurrentlyéníemoryãanâeìinked
to÷orksheetsïnäiskõsingôheÀLINKæunctionïfÁS-EASY-
AS.Öalues¨orìabels)æromôheæileïn-diskáre
automaticallyðlacedénôheãellãontainingôheÀLINK
function.

@LINK("FileName>Cell")

Ex.@LINK("c:\SAMPLE.WKS>A31")

*TheÄoubleÑuotesándôhe§>'ãharacteráreîecessary

*Theæileópecifiedây§FileName'óhouldâeénôhe
programäirectoryïrôheãompleteðathóhouldâe
specified.The§WKS'åxtensionésïptional.

Whenôheæunctionésæirståntered,ôheãell÷illäisplay
'N/A'éndicatingôhatîoìinkingèasôakenðlace.

The¯File,Õplinkãommandîeedsôoâeåxecuted,æorôhe
contentsïfôheòeferenced§Cell'én§FileName'áre
retrievedándðlacedénôheãallingãell.

All§Linked'ãellsáreõpdated÷henáæileésòetrieved
(i.e.,áséfá¯File,Õplinkãommand÷asåxecuted).


!Macros
MACROS
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
MacrosíayâeíadeáccessibleôhroughánÁLTëeyóequence
byássigningôhemáòangeîameõsingáóingleìetterÛA..Z,
1..0]ðrecededâyá[\]âackslash.

Toåxecuteóucháíacro,óimplyèoldäownôheÁltëeyánd
pressôheìetterãorrespondingôoôheòangeîameábove.

Macrosåxecuteäownwardæromôheótartingòowõntilá
blankòowésòeached,ôheÛESC]ëeyésðressedïrá
branchingíacroãommandésåncountered.

Autoåxecutingíacrosótartåxecutingémmediatelyáfter
theópreadsheetôheyáreãontainedénésìoaded.To
defineánáutoexecutingíacro,óimplyçiveôheæirstãell
ofôheíacroóequenceôheòangeîameÜ0¨zero).

Allíacroëeysándóubstituteæunctionëeysíustâe
enclosedénâracesû}.Ôryôheæollowingóimpleíacro
whichíovesôheãursoròight²ãells.

!MacroRec
MÁÃÒÏRÅÃÏÒÄÉÎÇ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
Yourëeystrokesíayâeòecordedáutomatically,ándôurned
intoíacroãommandóequences.

1.ÅnterôheÍacroòecordingíodeâyåxecutingôhe
command:/Sheet,Íacro,Ãompose
(Theíodeéndicatorãhangesôo§Compose!')

2.Ðerformôheòequiredôask(s).Yourëeystrokesáre
beingótoredénáâuffer.

**Ðlease,îoteôhatéfôhe¯FileÒetrieveïrÎewíenu
isénvoked,ôheíacroãomposingíodeés
automaticallyãancelled.

3.×henùouèaveæinished÷ithùouríacroãomposition,
invokeôheóameãommandágain¨/Sheet,Íacro,Ãompose).
You÷illâeáskedæoráãelläestinationôoótoreôhe
generatedíacro.Moveôheãursorôoôheäesired
locationándðressÛENTER].

**Îoteôhatäependingïnôheóizeïfôheíacro,ãells
inôheòowâelowíayâeïverwritten.Careóhouldâe
takenôoðlaceôheíacroénáìocation÷ithá
sufficientîumberïfâlankïrõndesiredòowsïf
cellsïrõsefulénformationíayâeïverwritten.


!MacroKeys
MÁÃÒÏKÅÙÓ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
Theseíacroãommandsáreåquivalentôoëeystrokes.×hen
encounteredénáíacroótatement,ôheyíakeÁS-EASY-AS
behaveáséfôheãorrespondingëey÷asðressed.

{LTî}=Moveãursorîópaces/cellsìeft
{LT}=Moveãursorïneópace/cellôoôheìeft
{RTî}=Moveãursorîópaces/cellsòight
{RT}=Moveãursorïneópace/cellôoôheòight
{UPî}=Moveãursorîópaces/cellsõp
{UP}=Moveãursorïneópace/cellõp
{DNî}=Moveãursorîópaces/cellsäown
{DNî}=Moveãursorïneópace/celläown
{BSî}=backspaceîópaces
{BS}=backspaceïneópace
{PGLT}=Moveãursorïneðageìeft
{PGRT}=Moveãursorïneðageòight
{PGUP}=Moveãursorïneðage¨20òows)õp
{PGDN}=Moveãursorïneðage¨20òows)äown
{HOME}=MoveãursorôoÁ1
{EDIT}=SameásÆ2
{CALC}=SameásÆ9
{ESC}=SameásÅscape
{WINDOW}½SameásÆ6
{GRAPH}=SameásÆ10
{INS}=Togglesénsertíode
{?}=Pauseæorénput
{GOTO}=SameásÆ5
~=SubstituteæorÛENTER]
{ABS}=SameásÆ4
{END}=EndËey
{DEL}=Delëey
{VIEW}=SameásÆ7

SeeÍacroWordsôopicæoríoreénfoïníacroìanguage.

!MacroWords
MÁÃÒÏLÁÎÇÕÁÇÅ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
Theseãommandsáreïnlyávailableærom÷ithinåxecuting
macros.

ûAppend£,"Fname"}­Ïpenæile¢Fname"énáppendíode
asõnit£¨upôoµæilesïpenáre
permittedátïneôime).
ûBeep}-Áóingleâeepóound.
ûBlankRANGE}-Åraseôheópecifiedòange
ûBordcolorø}-ÓetsôheÂorderãolorôoø
ûBorderOff}-ÔurnÏFFôheòowándãolumnâorders
ûBorderOn}-ÔurnÏNôheòowándãolumnâorders
ûBotcolorø}-Óetsãolorïfâottomìineôoø
ûCall}-ÃALLòoutineátæollowingãellánd
executeõntilûRet}
ûClrScr} -Ãlearôheåntireócreen
ûClose£}-Ãloseæile£
ûCursor} -Òefersôoãurrentãellìocation.It
mayâeõsedásáöariableéníacros.
ûDelayø}-Äelayánáction,÷aitingæorðressing
anyëey¨x/1000óeconds).
ûEscOff} -ÄisableôheÅscapeëeyäuringíacro
execution.TheÅscapeëeyâecomes
effectiveágain,ïnceôheíacro
executioníodeésåxitedïréfán
{EscOn}íacroésõsed.
ûEscOn}-ÒesetôheÅscapeëey¨undoûEscOff}).
ûExit}-ÃlearÁLLìevelsïfôheóubroutine
stackándãontinueåxecutionïfôhe
macroãommands.
ûForÃnt,Start,Stop,Step}­Åxecutesôheíacroãommands
thatæollowõntilûNEXT}ésåncountered,
thenéncrementsãounterÃntõntilôhe
Stopöalueésòeached.
ûGetÃell}-Ácceptsôheîextëeyðressedándðlaces
iténÃell.
ûGotoXyÁ1,A2}-Ðositionãharacterãursorátãol,row
ûIfÔest}-ÉFôrueôhenåxecuteátæollowing
command¨inóameãell)ålseåxecute
macroénîextòow.
ûIndxyí,n}-Ðlaceótatuséndicatorénãolí,òowî
ûInLabel¢Msg",A1}-ÉnputáÌABELándðlaceénãell
ûInValue¢Msg",A2}-ÉnputáÎUMBERándðlaceénãell
ûInkeyãell}-Ðlaceôheîextëeyðressedénãell
ûInRange¢Msg",Cell}
-Ðromptæoròangeõsing¢Msg".Ôhe
rangeésópecifiedõsingôheðointing
method,ándôerminatedâyÛENTER].
TheòesultingòangeésðlacedénÃell.
ûIoinit¢COMn:Baud,PA,DB,SB,LEN,DL"}­ÉnitializeÐort
COMn½Ãomðortôoâeénitialized
Baud½¨300,±200,....)
PA=Ðarity¨E,Ï,Î...)
DB=ÄataÂits¨7,¸,...)
SB=ÓtopÂits¨1,²,...)
LEN=Íaxôransmittedótringìength
DL=ÄelayénÓystemÃycles
{Iolabel¢String",Range}­ÔransmitÓtringôoôheÃomm
port.IfÓtringésâlank¨""),
receiveótringæromôheðort.If
Range=NUL,êustóendénfo.
{IovalueÖalue,Range}­Ôransmit/ReceiveÖalueôo/fromôhe
Commðort.ÉfÒange=NUL,êustóend
Value.
ûJump}-ÊUMPôoãellæollowingénstructionánd
startåxecuting.
ûLetãell,Arg}-Òeplacesôheãontentsïfãell÷ithÁrg
(value,åquation,åtc.)
ûMenuCallÎAME}-Óimilarôoáboveâutáóubroutineãall
ûMenuJumpÎAME}-Äefineùourïwníenuándâranchôoét
ûMenuOff}-Ôurnïffíenuõpdating
ûMenuOn} -Ôurnïníenuõpdating
ûMenuWidthÁ1}-Óetôhe÷idthïfíenu,Íax=30ãols.
ûMenuXyÁ1,A2}-Óetôheãol,rowðositionïfôheíenu.
ûMenucolorø}-Óetsôheãolorïfôheíenuôoø
ûOpenÆ#,M#,"FName"}­Ïpensáæile¨upôoµæilesíayâe
openátôheóameôime).
F#½Õnitîumber¨1,²,³,...)
M#½ÍodeÎumber
1­Òead
2­×rite
3­Áppend
ûReadÆ#,Ãell}-Òeadïneìineæromäiskæile£ánd
placeéténÃell.Advanceôheæile
pointerôoôheîextìineénôheæile.
ûQuit}-ÑUIT,ótopåxecutingôheíacro
ûPtrColorØ}-ÓetôheðointerãolorôoØ
ûRecalcÒANGE}-Ãalculateïnlyôheópecifiedòange
ûRestart}-Ãlearïneìevelïfôheóubroutine
stackándãontinueåxecutionïfôhe
macroãommands.
ûRet}-ÒETURNæromáãalledóubroutine
ûScrnOff}-Ôurnïffôheócreenäisplayõpdate
ûScrnOn} -Ôurnïnôheócreenäisplayõpdate
ûTextColorø}-ÃhangesôheôextãolorôoØ
(seeíanualæorãolors)
ûToneÁ1,A2}-Ðlayáôoneïfäuration,ærequency
ûTopcolorø}-Óetsãolorïfôopìineôoø
ûUpdate} -Òefreshócreen÷ithîewãellöalues
ûWhileÔest,Action}­Òepeat§Action'÷hile§Test'és
valid.Then,ðroceed÷ithôheíacroïn
theãellâelow.
ûWrite¢Msg"}-×riteÍsgátôheãurrentãharacterãursor
positionïnôheócreen.
ûWriteÆ#,"Msg"}­×riteÍsgôoïpenäiskæileÆ#,
startingátôheãurrentìocationénôhe
file.
ûWriteLn¢Msg"}-Óameásábove,÷ithÃR/LF
ûWriteÆ#,"Msg"}­×riteÍsgôoïpenäiskæileÆ#,
startingátôheãurrentìocationénôhe
fileándádvanceæileðointerôoôhe
beginningïfôheîextìine..



!Parsing
PÁÒÓÉÎÇ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
Parsingésõsedôoãonvertáótringéntoåquivalentótrings
oröaluesénádjacentãolumnsénôheóameòow.Parsingés
used,æoråxample,ôoãonvertáæile÷hich÷asémportedás
text,ôoétsåquivalentôextándöalues.Inádditionôo
theópaceãharacter,ôheæollowingãharactersáreõsedás
delimitersénðarsing.

[Ý[-][;][,][+][']

Examples:

Abµ6µ0-55-->Ab5650-55
BB,1E2µ;19-->BB100519
Ab§21Þ62²0-->Ab216220
ÿ³ÿ³
ÿÀÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÙ
ÿ³
Labels

Noteôhaténôheìaståxample,çivenábove,ôhe
parsingãharacterésôheópace.Theóingleñuote
andãaretáreóimplyæormattingãharacters.

Positions¨columns)ãannotâeòeservedäuringôheðarsing
process,õnlessópecificallyòeservedõsingôheäouble
quoteäelimiter.

Foråxample,ôheótring:Thisésánåxample,0,0
wouldðarseôo:

..........A........../..B../..C../..D../..E.../...
1:Ôhisésánåxample00
2:
3:

whileôheótring:Thisésánåxample,"¢,0,"¢,0
wouldðarseôo:

..........A........../..B../..C../..D../...E../...
1:Ôhisésánåxample00
2:
3:


!PrintSetup
PÒÉÎÔCÏÄÅÓ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
*AllðrinterãontrolãodesíustâeðlacedénáÓETUP
string¨PrintTo,Ðrinter,Ïptions,Óetup).

AS-EASY-AS÷illácceptãodesásÔHREEÄIGITäecimal
ASCIIãharacteróequences,ðrecededâyôheâack-slash
characterÛ\],ïrásóimplyÁSCIIãharacters.For
exampleùouíayôypeåitherïneïfôheæollowingôwo
equivalentãodesénòesponseôoôheðromptæorôheóetup
string:

\027\069[ENTER](069ésôheãodeæorÅ)
\027E[ENTER]


*Theóetupótringíayâeåditedâyòe-selectingôhe
SETUPïption.ExamplesïfãodesæorÅPSONtype
printersáre:

ÿÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
ÿ³\014EnlargedON ÿ³
\027\0497/72"ìineópacingÿ³
ÿ³\020EnlargedOFFÿ³
\027\0501/6"lineópacingÿ³
ÿÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ

Please,ãheckùourðrinter'síanualæorãontrolãodes
specificôoùourðrinter.

PressingÜæollowedâyÆ1,÷illïpenáóecondary÷indow
containingôheóetupãodesávailableénùourðrinter
setupæileÁSEASY.PRT¨seeõser'síanualæoräetails).

!Printing
ÐÒÉÎÔÉÎÇ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
Beforeùouótartðrintingùouóhouldôakeáæewíinutes
andòeviewôheénformationðresentedèereándénôhe
user'síanual.Itãanóaveùouáìotïfôimeándðaper.

Itésálsoémportantôoóelectôheãorrectðrinteräriver
andôheãorrectðrinterðortõnderÕser,Énstall,Ðrinter
andÕser,Énstall,Äeviceòespectively.


Printerðroblems/questionsíostïftenåncounteredáreôhe
resultïfïne¨oríoreïfôheæollowingãonditions):

1.×henôryingôoðrintçraphics¨orôext¦çraphics),á
lotïfÁSCIIèighâitãharactersáreðrintedénstead.
Printerésîotãompatible÷ithïneïfôheärivers
included÷ithôheðrogram,ïrùouèaveóelectedôhe
wrongðrinteräriver(User,Énstall).

2.Îumberïfìinesðerðageénôheðrogramäoesîotágree
withôheîumberïfìinesðerðageóettingïnùour
printer.(Gapsáppearénôheíiddleïfôheðrinted
pages,ôheôopíarginóeemsôoãreepäownïnåachðage,
etc.)

Theîumberïfôextìinesðrintedïnáðageés:

PageLength­ÔopMargin­ÂottomMargin­¶

(6ìinesáreòeservedáutomatically,ïneâeforeánd
afterôheèeaderándæooterándïneåachæorôhe
topðageándâottomðageókipðerforation.

3.Ôheòightíarginésóeténcorrectly.¨Theðrogramïnly
printsáðortionïfôheòangeåvenôhoughá÷ideròange
hasâeenópecifiedÁNDæitsïnôheðage­æunctionïf
yourðrinter).

4.ÉncorrectÓetupãodeésånteredénôheðrogram.This
mayòesulténíanyõnpredictableòesults.Wrongæont,
wrongãharacteróize,®...

5.Ðrinterésóetôoáðroportionalæont¨columns
ofðrintout÷illîotìineõp).Thisésîormallyá
problemåncountered÷ithÌaserjetðrintersôhat
automaticallyóelectïneïríoreãartridgeæonts.

Theâasicótepsôoðroducingðrintoutsáre:

1.InvokeôheÐrintÍenu¨/pp)
2.Specifyôheòangeôoâeðrinted¨i.e.,ôheâlockïf
cellsôhatùou÷antóentôoùourðrinter).
3.Makeóureôheôop,âottomándìeftíarginsáre
setãorrectly.
4.MakeóureôheÐageìengthésóetãorrectly¨and
agrees÷ithôheðrinteróetting).Ôheäefaultésæor
a¶6ìine/pageðageæormat.
5.Specifyányèeadersánd/oræooters¨Notîecessary).
6.Resetôheôopïfðage¨useôheÁdjustãommand),ánd
makeóureôhatôheðrinterðointerésálsoóetôoôhe
topïfôheðage.
7.SelectÇOôoótartðrinting.

HeaderándÆooterìinesáreãenteredándíayãontainány
textás÷ellásányïfôheæollowingópecialãodes:

|-Useîextæield¨Lineésäividedénto³
fields;ìeft,ãenter,òight).
#-PrintÐageîumber.Noteôhatôhe
/PrintTO,Ðrinter,Ádjustãommand
resetsôheðageãounterôoúero.
@-PrintãurrentÓystemäate.

Example:|@-Willðrintôheäateénôheóecond
field¨center).

Note:ÙouãanÓTOPôheðrinterátányôimeâyðressing
theÛESC]ëey.Noteôhatæorðrintersåquipped÷ith
aðrintâuffer,ãontrolïfôheðrogramíightâe
re-gained÷henÅSCésðressed,âutôheðrinter
mightãontinueôoðrintõntilétsâufferésåmpty.

!Querying
QÕÅÒÒÙÉÎÇADÁÔÁÂÁÓÅ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
Findïråxtractòecords÷hichíatchóelectedãriteria,
fromáäatabaseénÁS-EASY-AS.

InïrderôoõseôheseãommandsénÁS-EASY-AS,ùouîeedôo
haveãreatedôhreeòanges.TheÄataÉnputòange,ôheÄata
OutputòangeándôheÄataÃriterionòange.Onceôhatés
done,ùouíayñuestionùouräatabaseándåxtractány
informationùouäesireâyóimplyæollowingôheseæour
simpleóteps:

1.ÄefineôheäatabaseÉnputòange:¯dqiA1..C6ÛENTER]
AnÁS-EASY-ASäatabaseésíadeõpïfòecords¨rows),
andåachîameénôheäefinedòangeésáæieldïfôhe
respectiveòecord.TheÃolumnèeadings¨partïfôhe
databaseòange)áreôheæieldîames.

2.ÄefineôheÏutputòange:ÏA21..C24ÛENTER]
Theæirstòowïfôheïutputòangeãontainsôheîames
ofôheæieldsôhatùou÷antôoåxtractæromôheénput
range.TheæieldîamesóhouldâeÉDENTICALôoôhoseén
theénputòange;÷eòecommendãopyingôhemòatherôhan
retyping!

3.ÄefineôheÃriterionòange:CA11.A12ÛENTER]
TheæirstòowãontainsánÅXACTãopyïfôheæield
namesôoâeõsedásãriteria.

Criteriaáreópecifiedõsingáìogicalïperatorándôhe
correspondingæieldénôheæirstòecord¨row)ïfôhe
inputòange.Wildcardsáreállowedénótrings
criteria:

*-íatchállãharactersôoòightïfª
A*=Matchányòecord÷hoseäesignatedæield
starts÷ithÁòegardlessïf÷hat
follows.¨Arc,Ápron,Áll,Árctic,..)

?-íatchóingleãharacterénðositionïf¿.
?at½Matchányòecord÷hoseòespectedæield
starts÷ithányãharacterándèas§at'
asôheóecondándôhirdãharacters,
(Hat,Ãat,Âat,...)

~-íatchánything¼>ôoãriterion¨butîot½)
~At½Matchányòecord÷hoseòespectedæield
isîot§At'.¨Then,ôhan,Êohn,...)

...­íatchéfæollowingótringésénæield
...are½Matchányòecord÷hoseòespected
æieldãontainsôheãharacters§are'.
¨software,èardware,...)

´.Åxtractôheòecordsôhatíeetôheãriteriaäefinedén
item³,áboveándðlaceôheãorrespondingòecord
informationénôheïutputòange.

Example:
~~~~~~~~

DatabaseÉnputÒange­/dqiA1..C6[ENTER]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
ÿÚ..............A/......B/..........C/........D/......
1 ÿ³NameAgeHeight(m)<-ÆieldÎames
2 ÿ³BillÊohnson191.82ÿ¿
3 ÿ³Wayne×illiams411.79ÿ³
4 ÿ³JohnÊones291.88ÿÃÄ
Records
5 ÿ³JamesÃarlson 331.74ÿ³
6 ÿ³BobÒobinson181.91ÿÙ
7 ÿ³


DatabaseÃriterionÒange¨1)-¯dqcA11..A12[ENTER]
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
ÿÚ..............A/......B/..........C/........D/.....
11ÿ³Name <--ÆieldÎame
12ÿ³J*<--Ãriterion(ThisÃriterion÷ill
13ÿ³filterïutállòecords÷hereôhe
14ÿ³firstìetterïfæield§Name'ésîotÊ)


DatabaseÏutputÒange¨1)-¯dqoA21..C24[ENTER]e
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
ÿÚ..............A/......B/..........C/........D/.......
21ÿ³NameAgeHeight(m)<--ÆieldÎames
22ÿ³JohnÊones291.88 ÿ¿
23ÿ³JamesÃarlson 331.74 ÿÁ
Extracted
24ÿ³Records


Modifyôheãriterionòange,ôhisôimeõsingôheágesásá
filter.ThenòepeatôheÅxtract¨/DQE)ãommandôoåxtract
theîewòecords.

DatabaseÃriterionÒange¨2)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
ÿÚ..............A/......B/..........C/........D/.....
1 ÿ³Age<--ÆieldÎame
2 ÿ³+B2>30<--Ãriterion(ThisÃriterion÷ill
3 ÿ³filterïutállòecords÷hereôhe
4 ÿ³field§Age'ésçreaterôhan³0)

DatabaseÏutputÒange¨2)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
ÿÚ..............A/......B/..........C/........D/.......
1 ÿ³NameAgeHeight(m)<--ÆieldÎames
2 ÿ³Wayne×illiams411.79ÿÄ¿
3 ÿ³JamesÃarlson 331.74ÿÄÁÄ
Extracted

!Sorting
ÓÏÒÔÉÎÇ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
Sortingáäataâaseïfòecordsâyányæield¨column)
mayâeäoneâyðerformingôheæollowingóequenceïf
keystrokes.Noteôhatôheïriginalòelationshipsâetween
cellsáreòetainedäuringóorting.

--GeténtoôheÄataÓortíenuâyôyping:/ds

--DefineôheÉNPUTòange,Ôhiséncludesállòecordsén
theäataâase,é.e.állòowsándãolumns.Îoteôhat
youóhouldåxcludeôheèeadings,éfány.

--DefineôheÐRIMARYëey¨firstóortãolumn)

--Optional:ÄefineôheÓECONDARYëeyïrôieâreaker
(Secondóortãolumn­éfäesired)

--SelectÇOôoénitiateôheóort

Theóort÷illâeãompletedóhortlyándáâeep÷ill
sound.

PleaseîoteôhatóortingésäoneáccordingôheÁSCII
valuesïfôheãharacters,ôherefore,îumbersáreðlaced
beforeãharacters..

!WordProc
WÏÒÄPÒÏÃÅÓÓÉÎÇ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
The÷ordðrocessingíodeïfÁS-EASY-ASíayâeáccessed
byåxecutingôheãommand¯Sheet,Ôext,×ord.

*Upôo²0ìinesïfôextáreáccommodatedåachôimeôhe
wordðrocessorésénvoked.

*Automaticìine÷rapping÷ithïr÷ithoutópaceðadding
(RaggedïrÊustified)ésôoggledâyðressingÆ7ïnce
inôhe÷ordðrocessingíode.

*F2állowsùouôoóetôheòightíargin¨justånterÒén
theäesiredìocation)

*Entriesáreåvaluatedándáreôreatedásìabelsïr
values¨trailingópaces÷illòesulténìabel).

*Theæollowingåditingëeysáreáctive:

HOME->Beginningïfìine
END->Endïfìine
DEL->Deleteãurrentãharacter
INS->Toggleénsert/overwriteíode
BACKSPACE­>Deleteãharacterôoôheìeft
TAB->8ópacesôoôheòight
ShiftÔAB­>8ópaceôoôheìeft

NoteôhatÃarriageÒeturnsíayïnlyâeäeletedây
usingôheÂackÓpaceëey.

!@Date/Time
DÁÔůÔÉÍÅFÕÎÃÔÉÏÎÓ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
AlläateîumbersáreçivenâasedïnÊan±,±900.Since
theseáreðureîumbers,áãellîeedsôoâeæormattedás
Dateénïrderôoäisplayðroperly.

Foråxample,ôheæunction@DATE(71,1,2)÷illòeturnôhe
serialäateîumber²5935,íeaningôhat²5935äaysèave
elapsedóinceÊan±,±900.Ifôheãellãontainingôhis
formulaésæormattedásáÄate¨type´),ôheãell÷ill
display:1/2/71.

Onlyäatesôhatèaveâeenånteredõsingïneïfôhese
functions¨orásáôrueóerialäateîumber)ãamâeõsedén
dateãalculations.


@DATE(YY,MM,DD)
SerialîumberïfäaysæromÊan±,1900ôoÙear½ÙY,
Month½ÍM,Äay½ÄD.
Ex.ÀDATE(87,5,20)½³1917
(Note:Ãellsîeedôoâeénäateæormatôoäisplayäates)

@DATEVAL(String)
SerialîumberïfäaysénÓtring¢MM/DD/YY".

@TODAY
Returnsôheóerialîumberïfäaysôoîow.

@TIME(HR,MIN,SEC)
FractionïfäayãorrespondingôoÈR:MIN:SEC

@TIMEVAL(String)
FractionïfäayãorrespondingôoÓtring¢HR:MIN:SEC"

@DAY(X)
TheÄayénØ.@DAY(31917)½²0.

@HOUR(X)
TheÈoursénôheæractionalðartïfØ

@MINUTE(X)
TheÍinutesénôheæractionalðartïfØ

@MONTH(X)
TheÍonthénØ.@MONTH(31917)½µ¨May)

@SECOND(X)
TheÓecondsénôheæractionalðartïfØ

@YEAR(X)
TheÙearénØ.@YEAR(31917)½¸7
!@Finance
FÉÎÁÎÃÉÁÌFÕÎÃÔÉÏÎÓ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
@CTERM((Interest,FutureValue,PresentValue)
Theîumberïfãompoundingðeriodsòequiredæorán
investmentïfÐV¨presentöalue)ôoçrowôoÆV¨future
value),éfôheénvestmentésåarningÉNTénterestðer
compoundingðeriod.

@DDB(Cost,Salvage,Life,Period)
Acceleratedäepreciationöalueæoránásset,çivenôhe
initialãost,ôheìifeåxpectancy,ôheåndöalueándôhe
depreciationðeriod.Theäepreciationésãalculated
usingôheäoubleäecliningâalanceíethod.

@FV(Annuity,interestòate,period)
Returnsôheæutureöalueãorrespondingôoanannuity
occurringïverôheópecifiedðeriod.
ex.@FV(700,0.0925,30)½¹9979.77

@IRR(GuessÉnterestÒate,Range)
ReturnsôheÒateïfÒeturnðerðeriodássociated÷ithá
cashælow.Moreôhanïneóolutioníayâeðossibleéf
cashælowãhangesâetweenðositiveándîegativeöalues
throughoutòange.Açoodçuessésöeryémportant!
ex.@IRR(0.11,H1..H5)

@NPV(Interestòate,Range)
ReturnstheNetpresentvalueofáãashælowïver
interestðeriod.
ex.@NPV(0.1,A1..D1)

@PMT(Principal,interest,period)
Returnsôheámountïfánánnuityåqualôoôhe
principalámortizedïverôheðeriod.
ex.@PMT(75000,0.0925,30)½·462.61

@PV(Annuity,interestòate,period)
Returnsôheðresentöalueãorrespondingtoanannuity
occurringïverôheópecifiedðeriod.
ex.@PV(700,0.0925,30)½·035.08

@RATE(FutureValue,PresentValue,N)
ÉnterestòateòequiredæoránénvestmentïfÐVALôoâe
÷orthÆVAL,énÎãompoundingðeriods.

@SLN(Cost,Salvage,Life)
ÓtraightìineäepreciationïfánássetïverÏNEðeriod
ïfÌIFE.

@SYD(Cost,Salvage,Life,Period)
ÄepreciationïfánássetõsingôheÓum-of-Years
äepreciationíethod.

@TERM(Payment,Interest,FutureValue)
Îumberïfðeriodsòequiredôoáccumulateánénvestment
ïfÆVALíakingòegularðaymentsïfÐMTándáccruing
énterestátôheòateïfÉNTðerðeriod.
!@LogicFunc
LÏÇÉÃÁÌFÕÎÃÔÉÏÎÓ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
#OR#¦£AND#Ïperators
Usedôoãombineóingleãriteriaéntoãomplexìogical
expressions:

A B A#or#BA#and#B
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
TrueTrue TrueTrue
TrueFalseTrueFalse
FalseTrue TrueFalse
FalseFalseFalseFalse

@IF(Condition,arg1,arg2)
Valueïfárg1éfÃonditionésôrue
valueïfárg2éfôheÃonditionésæalse.Állowable
logicalïperators¾,<,=,<>,>=,<=£OR#,£AND#.
Ex.@if(10>2,3*2,4+5)½¶
+(a1>2)*3+(a1<=2)*4Thisæormula÷illùieldá
resultïf³éfôheöalueótoredénãellÁ1
isçreaterôhan²ánd÷illùieldá´éfôhe
valueésìessôhanïråqualôo².

@ISSTR(Cell)
Returns±éfôheòeferencedãellãontainsá
label,°ïtherwise.


@ISNA(Cell)
Returns±éfòeferencedãellãontainsÀNA,
0ïtherwise.

@ISNUM(Cell)
Returns±éfôheòeferencedãellãontainsá
value,°ïtherwise.

@ISERR(Cell)
Returns±éfÃellãontainsÅRR,°ïtherwise.

@TRUE
Returnsôheöalueïf±¨logicalôrue).

@FALSE
Returnsôheöalueïf°¨logicalæalse).

@NOT(Cell)
Logicallyîegatesôheöalueïfãell.0âecomes
1ánd±âecomes°.

@NA
Alwaysòeturnsôheöalueïf­1.Usefulénìogic
checkingæormulas.


@ERR
Returnsôheótring§ERR'.UsedâyÀISERR,ábove.

!@Math
MÁÔÈÅÍÁÔÉÃÁÌFÕÎÃÔÉÏÎÓ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
Thefollowingæunctionsáctõponôheárgument§x'÷ithin
theðarenthesis.Theárgumentíayâeáöalueïráæormula
whichòeferencesïtherãells÷ithinôheópreadsheet.


FunctionDescription/Example
ÿÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
@ABS(x)Returnsôheábsoluteöalueïfárgument.
Example.@ABS(-10)½±0

@ACOS(x)Arcãosine,òeturnsòadians
@ACOS(0.5)½±.0471

@ACOSH(x)HyperbolicÁrcãosine,òeturnsòadians
@COSH(2)½±.316957

@ASIN(x)ArcÓine,òeturnsòadians
@ASIN(0.866)½±.0471

@ASINH(x)HyperbolicÁrcÓine,òeturnsòadians
@ASINH(2)½±.443635

@ATAN(x)ArcÔangent,òeturnsòadians
@ATAN(1.732)½±.047

@COS(x)Cosineïfángle,øénòadians.
@COS(1.047)½°.5

@COSH(x)HyperbolicÃosineïfángle,øénòadians.
@COSH(1)½±.543080

@CSC(x)Cosecantïfángleøénòadians
@csc(2)½±.099750

@CTN(x)Cotangentïfángleøénòadians
@ctn(@PI/4)½±.0

@EXP(x)Raise§e'ôoôhe§x'ðower
@EXP(5)½±48.4131591

@GAMMALN(x)Naturalìogarithmïfçammaæunction
@GAMMALN(5)½³.178053

@INT(x)Integeröalueïfárgument.Ôheæractional
partïfôheîumberésôruncatedandthe
integeròemainderésòeturned.Åxample:
@INT(10.6)½±0

@LN(x)NaturalÌogarithmôoâase§e'
@LN(6)½±.791...

@LOG(x)Logarithmôoâase§10'
@LOG(10)½±

@MOD(x,y)Moduloäivision,
@MOD(10,3)½±

@PIConstant÷hichèasáöalueïf
@PI½³.14159...

@RANDReturnsáîewòandomîumberáfteråachÃALC.

@ROUND(x,y)Roundsöalueøôoùäigitsòightïfäecimal
@ROUND(123.123,1)½±23.1
Negativeöalueùòoundsôoìeft.
@ROUND(123.123,-2)=±00

@SEC(x)Secantïfángleøénòadians
@SEC(1.5)½±4.13683

@SIN(x)Sineïfángle,øénòadians.
@SIN(1.047)½°.866

@SINH(x)HyperbolicÓineïfángle,øénòadians.
@SIN(1.5)½².129279

@SQRT(x)Squareòootïfárgument.
@SQRT(2)½±.4142135624

@TAN(x)Tangentïfángle,øénòadians
@TAN(1.047)½±.732

@TANH(x)HyperbolicÔangentïfángle,øénòadians
@TAN(1.047)½°.781

!@Statistics
SÔÁÔÉÓÔÉÃÁÌFÕÎÃÔÉÏÎÓ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
Statisticalfunctionsoperateonarangeofvalues.
Aòangeópecifiesáòectangularâlockïfäataénôhe
spreadsheet.OnlyONEòangeíayâeõsedásánárgument.
i.e.Range½Á1..B10äefinesôheâlockïfäataærom:

á1...b1
a10...b10

Presentedbelowarethestatisticalfunctions
availablewithinÁS-EASY-AS.Toéllustrateôheõseof
eachfunctionanexampleiséncluded.

ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ

@AVG(Range)Averageöalueïfôheòange
Ex.ÀAvg(A1..B2)½´.125

@COUNT(Range)Ãountôheîumberïfålements
inôheòange.Blankãellségnored.
Ex.ÀCount(A1..B2)½´
@Count(A1..A4)½³

@FACT(x)Factorialïfب0 Ex.ÀFact(4)½²4

@MAX(Range)Maximumöalueénôheòange
Ex.ÀMax(A1..B2)½·.5

@MIN(Range)Minimumöalueénôheòange
Ex.ÀMin(A1..B2)½±.1

@PERM(N,R)PermutationsïfÎétems,Òátáôime
Ex.ÀPERM(6,2)½±5

@QMAX("@X=Criterion",Range,Offset)Startsócanningôhe
specifiedÒangeæorállãellsôhatíeetôhe
Criterion.Then,étæindsôheíaximumöalueïfôhe
cells,ãorrespondingôoôhoseæoundénôheãriterion
range,ìocatedÏffsetãolumnsôoôheòight¨orôhe
leftæorîegativeïffsets)æromôheãolumnsãurrently
beingðrocessed).

Considerôheæollowingåxample:

......A..../....B..../....C..../
1:5110
2:123 3
3:7235
4:10123


1.....@QMAX("@X<10",A1..A4,0)=7
CriterionÒange:A1..A4
CellsÍeetingÃriteria:A1¦Á3
Offset:0 ÿ¿
OperatingïnÃolumn:A ÿÙ
MaximumÖalue:7

SpecifiedÒangeåxhausted.StopÓearch.


2.....@QMAX("@X<30",A1..C4,0)=23
ColumnsÁ,ÂándÃáreóearchedénïrder,
lookingæoröaluesíeetingôheãriterion.Then
theíaximumïfôhoseöaluesésòeturned.


3.....@QMAX("@X<3",A1..A4,1)=2
ColumnÁésóearchedìookingæoröaluesíeeting
theãriterion.CallsÁ1,Á3ándÁ4íetôhe
criterion.Usingôheópecifiedïffsetïf±,
theãorrespondingãellsïneãolumnôoôhe
right¨B)áreóearchedándôheíaximumöalue
isòeturned.

@QMIN("@X=Criterion",Range,Offset)Returnsôheíinimum
valueïfôhoseòecordsénôheòangeôhatíeetôhe
criterion.¨SeeÀQMAXæoråxplanationïfãriterion
setting)

@QSTD("@X=Criterion",Range)Returnsôheótandard
deviationïfôhoseòecordsénôheòangeôhatíeet
theãriterion.¨SeeÀQMAXæoråxplanationïf
criterionóetting)

@QSUM("@X=Criterion",Range)Returnsôheóumïfôhose
recordsénôheòangeôhatíeetôheãriterion.¨See
@QMAXæoråxplanationïfãriterionóetting)

@QVAR("@X=Criterion",Range)Returnsôheöarianceïfôhose
recordsénôheòangeôhatíeetôheãriterion.¨See
@QMAXæoråxplanationïfãriterionóetting)

@STD(Range)Standardäeviationïfôheòange
Ex.ÀStd(A1..B2)½2.551837

@SUM(Range)Sumïföaluesénôheòange
Ex.ÀSum(A1..C3)½´4.6

@VAR(Range)Returnsôheðopulationöarianceïf
theòange.
Ex.ÀVar(A1..B2)½¶.511875
!@Special
SÐÅÃÉÁÌFÕÎÃÔÉÏÎÓ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ

@CASE(N,Arg1,Arg2,Arg3,......)
ReturnsôheÎthárgumentæromôheÁrgumentìist.

Ex.@CASE(2,"A",2,"Sample")=2

@COLS((CellOne,CellTwo)Îumberïfãolsâetweenôheôwo
cells.
Ex.@Cols(A1..F10)½¶

@HTABLE(compare,range,ofs)
Scansôopòowïf§range'æromìeftôoòightõntil
itæindsáöalueçreaterôhan§compare'ándòeturnsôhe
value¨orìabel)ìocatedénôheóameãolumnâut§ofs'
rowsäown.
Ex.@HTABLE(5.6,A1..C3,1)½´.4

@HTERP(x,range,offset)
Returnsôheæ(x)öalueâasedïnáèorizontal
interpolationïfáôable.Theæirst¨top)òowïf
'range'ésãontainsôheø-values.The§offset'òow
containsôheæ(x)öalues.
Ex.ÀHTERP(1.2,A1..C3,1)½².415555
Ex.ÀHTERP(5.5,A1..C3,2)½´.38

@INDEX(Range,Col,Row)Returnsôheålementénðosition
Row,ColïfÒange.
Ex.ÀIndex(A1..C3,2,2)½·.5

@LINK("Filename>Cell")Linkôheãurrentãellôoáãellén
a÷orksheetæileïnäisk.
Ex.@LINK("\ASEASY\FILE>D231")

@ROWS(CellOne,CellTwo)Îumberïfòowsâetweenôheôwo
cells.
Ex.@Rows(A1..D10)½±0

@USER(Arg,Arg2,Arg3)Special,õseräefinableæunction.
USERãouldâeányõniqueîameássignedôoôheæunction
definitionòangeâyôheõser.

@VTABLE(compare,range,ofs)
Scansôopìeftãolumnïf§range'æromôopôoâottom
untilétæindsáöalueçreaterôhan§compare'ándòeturns
theöalue¨orìabel)ìocatedénôheóameòowâut§ofs'
columnsôoôheòight.
Ex.ÀVTABLE(2.3,A1..C3,2)½±0

@VTERP(x,range,offset)
Returnsôheæ(x)öalueâasedïnáöertical
interpolationïfáôable.Theæirst¨left)ãolumnïf
'range'ésãontainsôheø-values.The§offset'ãolumn
containsôheæ(x)öalues.
@VTERP(1.2,A1..C3,1)½µ.758333
@VTERP(3.4,A1..C3,2)½².666666


@@(Cell)­ÉndirectÁddressing
Referôo§Cell'.Foråxample,éfãellÁ1ãontainedôhe
stringÂ22ándãellÂ22ãontainedôheöalue´,ôhenôhe
formulaÀSQRT(@@(A1))÷ouldòeturnôheöalue².


!@String
SÔÒÉÎÇFÕÎÃÔÉÏÎÓ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ

@CELLPT(String)
ReturnsénformationáboutôheÃURRENTãell¨i.e.,ôhe
cellôhatôheðointerésãurrentlyìocatedïn).Type
ofénformationäependsïnÓtring.

String½¢FORM"returnsôheæormatïfãurrentãell.
String½¢ADDRESS"òeturnsôheáddressïfãurrentãell
asáótring®
String½¢CONTENTS"ôheãontentsïfãelláreòeturned
asáótring,å.g.A1+3ésòeturnedás¢A1+3"
String½¢ROW"òeturnsôheãurrentãellòowáddress.
String½¢COLUMN"òeturnsôheãurrentãellãoláddress.
String½¢WIDTH"òeturnsôheãurrentãellãolumn÷idth.
String½¢PREFIX"òeturnsôheãurrentãellìabelðrefix
STRING½¢TYPE"òeturnsánéntegeräependingïnôhe
contentsïfôheãurrentãell.

0­ÓtringÆormula5­ÂlankÃell
1­Öalueæormula6­ÖirginÂlankÃell
2­Énteger/Value8­ÓtringÆormulaårror
3­Énteger/Value9­ÖalueÆormulaårror
4­Ótring/Label


@CELL(String,CELL)
Operatesôheóame÷ayásÀCELLPT.Allótringárguments
validæorÀCELLPTáreálsoöalidæorÀCELL.Itòeturns
theénformationáboutòeferenced§CELL'òatherôhan
aboutôheÃURRENTãell.

@CHR(X)
TheÁSCIIãharacterãorrespondingôoäecimalãodeØ.

@EXACT(String1,String2)
One¨True)ifÓtring1ándÓtring2áreåxactlyôheóame,
zero¨False)éfôheyáreîot.

@FIND(Strg1,String,Start)
FindôheìocationïfÓtrg1énÓtring,ótartingát
positionÓtart.

@LEFT(String,N)
FirstÎãharactersénÓtring.

@LENGTH(String)
NumberïfãharactersénÓtring.

@LOWER(String)
AllìettersénÓtringénìowerãase.

@MID(String,N1,N2)
N2ãharactersæromótring,ótarting÷ithÎ1.

@N(Cell)
theîumericöalueénÃell,°éfótring.

@ORD(String)
ReturnsôheÄecimalÁSCIIãodeïfôheæirst
characterénÓtring.

@PROPER(String)
All÷ordsénótring÷ithôheæirstìetterén
upperãaseándôheòesténìowerãase.

@REPEAT(String,N)
String,òepeatedÎôimes.

@RIGHT(String,N)
TheìastÎãharactersénÓtring.

@S(Cell)
TheótringöalueénÃell,îullótringéfîumeric.

@STR(X,N)
ConvertîumericöalueØôoáótring,Î-decimals.

@TRIM(String)
String÷ithîoìeading,ôrailingïríultipleópaces.

@UPPER(String)
AllìettersénÓtringénõpperãase.

@VAL(String)
NumericöalueïfÓtring.

!@UserFunc
UÓÅÒFÕÎÃÔÉÏÎÓ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
Specialæunctions,óetõpâyôheõserãanèaveõpôoôhree
numericárguments.Toóetõpáõseræunction:

A.Ðlaceõpôoôhreeîumericárgumentsénáòowén
adjacentãolumns.
B.Ðlaceôheæormulaòelatingôheîumericöaluesénôhe
cellâelowôheìeftmostárgument.
C.Çiveáõniqueòangeîameôoôheòangeéncludingôhe
argumentsándôheæormula¨e.g.ÍINE).
D.Õseôheîewlyäefinedæunction¨e.g.@MINE).


Example:
--------
ÿÚ.......A/......B/..........C/........D/......
1 ÿ³1.04.0 12.0
2 ÿ³3.0ÿÄÄÄÄÄ¿
3 ÿ³ÿÀÄ
Containsôheæormula¨A1/B1)*C1
4 ÿ³RangeîameUSR:Á1..C2
5 ÿ³

6 ÿ³8.0ÿÄÄÄÄÄ
ContainsôheÆormula@USR(2,3,12)
7 ÿ³

!3D-Panels
DÉÍÅÎÓÉÏÎÓ
ÿÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ
TheÕser,Énstall,Äimensionãommandállowsùouôo
simulateá³-Dånvironment.Whenôheãommandésénvoked,
youáreðromptedæorôheîumberïfðanels¨upôo±00
allowed).

Theçeneratedðanelsáre²56ãolumns÷ideánd¨8192/N)
rowsèigh,÷hereÎésôheîumberïfðanelsópecified.
Panelsáreîamedóequentially¨A,Â,Ã,®...).The
currentðaneléséndicatedâyétsìetter,ðositionedïn
theõpperìeftãornerïfôheócreen,äirectlyáboveôhe
columnîumbers.

Youãançoæromôheãurrentðanelôoánotherásæollows:

1.ÕseôheÇOTO¨F5)æunctionëey,ïr
2.ÐressÃtrl-PgDn.Thisíakesôheîextðanelénôhe
sequenceôheãurrentðanel,ïr
3.ÐressÃtrl-PgUp.Thisíakesôheðreviousðanelén
theóequenceôheãurrentðanel.

Cellsærományðanelãanâeáccessedásôhoughôhey÷ere
inôheãurrentïne.WhenôheÄimensionsïptionésïn,
theãellsáreòeferencedâyôheðanelìetter(s),æollowed
byáãolonándôheãellòeference:

Examples:
A:A1-PanelÁ,ÃellÁ1
+AA:W34-Addãell×34æromðanelÁA

Whenôheîumberïfðanelsésòesetôoïne,állénformation
inôheòestïfôheðanelsésòetainedénôhe÷orksheet.
Foråxampleéfôwoðanelsèadâeenóelected,ánd
information÷asånteredénãellÂ:A1,÷henôheîumberïf
panelsésòesetôoïne,ôheénformationénÂ:A1ésîow
locatedénãellÁ4097.
!End