Category : Science and Education
Archive   : SM404.ZIP
Filename : SM.DOC

SUPER MORSETM

Ver. 4.04

Copyright 1986-93
M. Lee Murrah, WD5CID

4-14-93

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º The Original Comprehensive Morse Code º
ºTraining Program for the IBM PC and Compatiblesº
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³ ³
³ LICENSE ³
³ ³
³ You may use Super Morse for private, non- ³
³ commercial purposes. You may copy and ³
³ distribute Super Morse so long as you charge ³
³ no more than the cost of a diskette not to ³
³ exceed $2 (no profit permitted). Bulletin ³
³ boards may distribute Super Morse so long as ³
³ nothing is charged beyond standard connect ³
³ or membership fees. Super Morse must be ³
³ distributed in its original form and content. ³
³ Super Morse IS DISTRIBUTED "AS IS" WITHOUT ³
³ WARRANTIES OF ANY TYPE. THE AUTHOR SHALL NOT ³
³ BE LIABLE FOR ANY DAMAGE OR HARM RESULTING ³
³ FROM USE OF Super Morse. ³
³ ³
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º º
º SUGGESTED SHAREWARE CONTRIBUTION - $20 º
º º
º Payments may be charged to your Compu- º
º serve account in the Shareware Regist- º
º ration Database (GO SWREG, Prog. 649) º
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TABLE OF CONTENTS


FOREWORD . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

I. The Morse Code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
A. What Is the Morse Code?. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
B. How Morse Code Is Defined. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1. DITS and DAHS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2. Morse Characters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
3. Code Weighting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
4. Code "Speed". . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
C. Learning the Morse Code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

II. Super Morse Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
A. Conventions Used in Manual . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
B. Super Morse Program and Data Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1. Distribution File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2. Files in Distribution File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3. Special Super Morse Versions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
C. Equipment and System Requirements and Limitations. . . . . . . . 11
1. General Requirements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2. Code Speed Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3. Video Display Card. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4. Disk Cache Programs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
5. Floppy Disk Write Protect Tabs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
6. WINDOWS Capability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
7. Speaker Volume. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
8. Sound Boards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
D. Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
1. In General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2. Upgrading from CW or Earlier Super Morse
Versions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
E. Printing the DOC File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
F. Morse Code Considerations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1. The Morse Character Set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2. Code Speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

III. Getting Started with Super Morse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
A. Starting and Quitting Super Morse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1. Starting Super Morse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2. Title Screen. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3. User Number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4. Quitting Super Morse. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
B. Super Morse Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1. Organizational Philosophy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2. Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3. The Super Morse Main Display. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
4. Super Morse Help. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
C. Super Morse Audiovisual Cues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1. Code Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
2. Audio Confirmation and Alerts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3. Repeating Characters and Words. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4. Visual Cues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
D. Program Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
1. The Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
2. Pause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3. Screen Control. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4. Timing a Super Morse Session. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
E. The Session Buffer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
F. Reviewing Program Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1. The Review Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
2. Reviewing the Current Session . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
3. Viewing the Quick Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
4. Viewing the Morse Alphabet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
5. Viewing the DOC File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
6. Displaying User Statistics. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

IV. Settings and Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
A. Settings in General. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
B. Quick Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1. The Quick Keys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
2. Setting Code Speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3. Controlling Audio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
C. Super Morse Setup. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
1. The Setup Menu. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
2. Setting the Code Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
3. Configuring the Character Set. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4. Configuring the COM Ports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
5. Setting Screen Colors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
6. Miscellaneous Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
D. Saving Current Settings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
1. Save Modes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2. The Settings Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
E. Customization of External Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2. Data Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
3. License Classes File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4. Text Files. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
F. Interfacing External Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

V. The Learn Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
A. The Learn Command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2. The Super Morse Teaching Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3. Repeating Characters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
4. Feedback in the Learn Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
5. Character Speed in the Learn Phase. . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
B. Lesson - DITS and DAHS, the Basic Code Sounds. . . . . . . . 42
C. Lesson - Sound Combinations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
D. Lesson - Character Steps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
E. Lesson - Character Runs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
F. Lesson - Character Groups. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
G. Lesson - Character Learning Levels . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
H. Lesson - All Characters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
I. Flash Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
J. Oddball Character Drill. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
K. The User Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
L. Viewing the Character Groupings (Steps and Levels) . . . . . . . 44

VI. The Build Phase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
A. Building Code Speed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
B. Receiving Character Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
1. Random Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
2. Structured Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
3. Variable Groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
4. Group Sending Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
C. Receiving Complete Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
D. Receiving A Message Entered via Keyboard . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
E. Receiving a Simulated Radio Transmission ("QSO") . . . . . . . . 46
F. Receiving Text in a Disk File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
1. General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2. Scripted Disk Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
G Receiving in the Zoom Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

VII. The Enhance Phase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
A. Skill Enhancement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
B. Sending Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
1. Sending from the Keyboard. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2. Sending with a Manual Key. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
C. Copying Behind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
1. Head Copy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
2. Lag Copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
3. Random Lag Copy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
4. Word Copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
D. Copying on a Typewriter. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
E. Boost Copy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
F. Questions and Answers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52

VIII. The Measure Phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
A. The Measure Command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

B. Exam Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
C. Simulated VEC Exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
1. Auto Exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
2. Exam from File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
3. Checking Exam Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
4. Displaying and Printing the Exam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
D. Keyboard Receive Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
E. Solid Copy Test. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56

IX. The Operation Phase. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
A. The Operation Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
B. Two Way Practice via Telephone Modem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
1. The Modem Command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
2. General Description of the Modem Function. . . . . . . . . 58
3. Making a Connection with Another Computer. . . . . . . . . 59
4. CONTROL Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
5. Problems with Modem Command. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
C. Radio Terminal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

X. We Need Your Feedback and Help! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Appendix A. - General Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
1. The Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
2. The Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
3. Other Computers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Appendix B. - Super Morse License. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64

Appendix C. - Distribution and Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
1. Distribution Policy. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
2. Suggested Contributions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3. Courtesy Copies of Super Morse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
4. Support and Inquiries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
5. Comments and Suggestions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67

Appendix D. - Information about Amateur Radio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
1. Amateur Radio Organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
2. Amateur Radio Magazines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
3. On-Line Computer Services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Appendix E. - Morse Code Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Appendix F. - Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Appendix G. - Interfacing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
FOREWORD

Super Morse was written primarily to help prospective hams
overcome what many perceive to be the biggest obstacle to
obtaining an amateur radio license--learning the Morse code.
When I began to write Super Morse in 1986, there were only a few
simple Morse code tutorial programs were available for the IBM-PC
and compatibles. However, they were very limited and are often
written in BASIC, which requires a clumsy interpreter. In
writing Super Morse I sought to create a full-featured program
which provides a variety of modes for learning and practicing the
code and which takes full advantage of the computer as a teaching
tool.

My specific goals in writing Super Morse were:

1. Professional appearance and operating characteristics.

2. Comprehensive program covering all aspects of Morse code
learning and practice.

3. Create new methods of learning and practicing the Morse
code.

4. Provide ample opportunities for customization by the
user.

5. Use the unique capabilities of the microcomputer to
teach and learn Morse code.

Super Morse is directed primarily to the United States
amateur radio community, but it can be used be used by commercial
operators. Amateur radio uses a special subset of the
International Morse code, but Super Morse supports several of the
more common characters used in commercial radiotelegraphy. In
addition Super Morse supports four Nordic characters used
primarily in Scandinavia.

M. Lee Murrah
Cedar Rapids, IA
April, 1993
I. The Morse Code

A. What Is the Morse Code?

Morse code is a communication code, named for Samuel F. B.
Morse, the inventor of the telegraph, which uses combinations of
timed sound elements to represent the characters of the alphabet.
Morse code was originally used in land telegraphy and comprised a
series of timed clicks. Today, however, it is usually sent via
radio by turning a radio transmitter on and off to produce the
timed code elements.

Some have stated that Morse code is an obsolete mode of
communications in this age of digital and satellite
communications. However, modern communications require complex
equipment and could easily be knocked out of service in times of
war or natural disaster. It is the simplest, most basic form of
radio communications available today, and it has always been
recognized that Morse code can "get through" when voice
communication is impossible.

One of the biggest advantages of Morse code is that it can
be transmitted using very simple, inexpensive equipment. Modern
voice and digital communications equipment can now be built only
in sophisticated manufacturing facilities, but a Morse code
transmitter can be built at home by even the newest amateur using
readily available parts. Incredibly, some very low power Morse
transmitters have been constructed from a single TTL logic gate
integrated circuit and one or two external components!

Morse code is also a useful skill even outside radio
communications. Ex-prisoners of war held incommunicado in
solitary confinement in North Vietnam report that they
communicated by tapping messages in Morse code on the walls of
their cells. Morse code was the only way that the prisoners were
able to communicate with their fellows, and it helped them to
retain their sanity during several years of imprisonment.
Further, like a foreign language, learning Morse code is a mental
challenge that keeps the mind active and improves thinking
skills.

Today Morse code is most widely known for its use in amateur
radio, but it is also used in military and commercial
communications.

In the United States it is now possible to obtain a limited
amateur radio license without passing a Morse code test.
However, the license is limited to the Novice class which has
limited frequency bands and privileges. In order to obtain
access to the full range of privileges and frequency bands, you
must pass a Morse code test.

B. How Morse Code Is Defined

1. DITS and DAHS

Morse code is a sound language that uses two tones of
differing lengths in various combinations to represent all the
characters of the Morse alphabet. These two tones are
distinguished by their length, one a "short" tone and the other a
"long" tone. The short tone is phonetically referred to as
"DIT", and the long tone as "DAH". You will often see the short
tone represented as a "." (dot) and the long tone as a "-"
(dash), but it is commonly agreed that use of these symbols
encourages a visual approach to the code, which slows code
learning. You should never think of the Morse code as dots and
dashes or write it in that way!

The original Morse code as used in landline telegraphy was
represented by a combinations of timed clicks. However, when
radio came into use, the code was revised to use tones which are
more suited for radio use. The original Morse code is used in
land telegraphy is called the American Morse code, but the code
now commonly used in radio is called the International Morse
code.

2. Morse Characters

a. The Morse Character Set

Amateur radio uses a reduced character set of the 26
letters, the 10 numerals, 4 punctuation marks and 5 special
procedure signs.

b. Characters

The letters are as follows:

A DIT DAH N DAH DIT
B DAH DIT DIT DIT O DAH DAH
C DAH DIT DAH DIT P DIT DAH DAH DIT
D DAH DIT DIT Q DAH DAH DIT DAH
E DIT R DIT DAH DIT
F DIT DIT DAH DIT S DIT DIT DIT
G DAH DAH DIT T DAH
H DIT DIT DIT DIT U DIT DIT DAH DAH
I DIT DIT V DIT DIT DIT DAH
J DIT DAH DAH DAH W DIT DAH DAH
K DAH DIT DAH X DAH DIT DIT DAH
L DIT DAH DIT DIT Y DAH DIT DAH DAH
M DAH DAH Z DAH DAH DIT DIT

The numbers are as follows:

1 DIT DAH DAH DAH DAH 6 DAH DIT DIT DIT DIT
2 DIT DIT DAH DAH DAH 7 DAH DAH DIT DIT DIT
3 DIT DIT DIT DAH DAH 8 DAH DAH DAH DIT DIT
4 DIT DIT DIT DIT DAH 9 DAH DAH DAH DAH DIT
5 DIT DIT DIT DIT DIT 0 DAH DAH DAH DAH DAH

The punctuation is as follows:

. DIT DAH DIT DAH DIT DAH
, DAH DAH DIT DIT DAH DAH
? DIT DIT DAH DAH DIT DIT
/ DAH DIT DIT DAH DIT
- DAH DIT DIT DIT DIT DAH

b. Procedure Signs

Morse code communications uses several special characters
that convey procedural information. These are often longer
characters that can be viewed as combinations of alphabetic
characters without and intervening character space. Following
are the most common procedure signs, or "prosigns", used in
amateur radio:

Prosign Meaning
ÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄ
New line
End of message
Wait, stand-by
Double Dash ("=")
Over-specified station only
Attention
End of contact
Understood

The latter two prosigns along with are frequently used
in traffic handling.

c. Non-English Characters

The following European characters are supported by Super
Morse in some modes:

ASCII Identification
ÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
129 {Double dotted "u"}
130 {Forward accented "e"}
143 {Dotted "a"}
146 {Double dotted "a"}
157 {Double dotted "o"}
164 {tilde "n"}

3. Code Weighting

The duration of the elements of Morse code have a standard
relationship among themselves. The DIT is assigned the shortest
duration and is defined as being one time unit in duration, and a
DAH is 3 times as long as a DIT, or 3 time units in duration.
The silence between DITs and DAHs in a character, which we will
call an "element space" is the same length as a DIT, i.e., one
time unit in duration. The silence between characters, which we
will call a "character space", is 3 time units in duration.
Finally, the space between words, which we will call a "word
space" is 7 time units in duration.

Perfectly sent code uses these standard relationships, but
code is not usually perfectly sent except when a computer is
used. Each person who sends code manually, develops a weighting
slightly different from the standard, and this unusual weighting
is said to constitute the operator's very recognizable "fist".

Operators who use automatic keyers can usually set the
weighting as a personal preference. Weighting very far from the
standard become choppy and hard to copy.

4. Code "Speed"

a. How Speed is Determined

The speed of Morse code is measure in words per minute,
which is normally abbreviated as WPM. Code speed is an elusive
measure since words are of various lengths; and when random
characters are being sent, there are no words at all!

Code speed has therefore been arbitrarily defined by
standard words. The standard word for plain text is "PARIS",
which, if you add up the time units in all the code sound
elements used to send "PARIS" (DITs, DAHs, and spaces between the
DIT's and DAHS, characters and words), you will find that it is
50 units of time long. One word per minute is defined as sending
"PARIS" using code elements timed to fill one minute, including
the word space following the last word. Ten words per minute
would be sent at a speed necessary to send "PARIS" 10 times. The
code elements are calibrated at any particular speed against
"PARIS", and when text is sent at, say, 10 words per minute,
greater or fewer actual words may be sent depending upon their
length.

The word "PARIS" will not work for random characters since
the average Morse code character used to send English text is
shorter than the average character used to send random
characters. This is because English does not use all the letters
in equal numbers and because Morse code assigns the shortest
codes to the most frequently used letters in English. The most
frequently used letter in English is "E", and it is assigned the
shorted code, the DIT. A less frequently used letter such as "Q"
is assigned a longer code, DAH DAH DI DAH.

For random characters, therefore, the standard word "CODEX"
was chosen. If you analyze "CODEX", you will find that it
contains 60 code elements. The effect of this difference is that
the DITS and DAHS in randomly sent characters should sound about
20% shorter than those in plain text at the same nominal speed.
Randomly sent characters therefore should sound 20% faster that
plain words.

b. The "Farnsworth" Method"

Morse code is usually sent with the standard relationship
between character spaces and the elements which make up the
character. In other words, the DITS, DAHS and element spaces are
sent according to the same speed standard. However, Farnsworth
discovered that code learning can be speeded up if the DITs, DAHs
and element spaces are compressed as if the code were being sent
at a high speed while the character spaces are expanded increased
to maintain an overall lower send speed. This is called the
"Farnsworth method", and it is endorsed by the ARRL as the best
way to learn the code.

The Farnsworth method is supported and is used as the
default method by Super Morse. Two Farnsworth speeds are
provided. The "Lo" Farnsworth speed, preset at 18 WPM, is used
at send speeds below 20 WPM; and the "Hi" Farnsworth speed,
preset at 26 WPM, is used above 20 WPM. Beware, however, that not
all code tests are given in the Farnsworth format! Check with
your testing coordinator to determine which method will be used,
and then use that system when studying with Super Morse.

C. Learning the Morse Code

There is no one best way to learn the Morse code. As with
foreign languages (to which Morse code is similar in some ways),
some people can learn the code faster than others. The best
attribute that one can possess in learning the code is
persistence.

Super Morse implements one method of learning the Morse
code. If you follow the lessons provided in the Learn phase, you
should have no trouble in learning the Morse code in a few weeks
or months.

In addition to the method provided by Super Morse several
general tips on learning the Morse code can be provided as
follows:

1. Learn the characters by sound, not by sight. Each of
the characters has its own characteristic length and rhythm. Do
not memorize the characters using the visual dot and dash
symbols. That will only slow you down and create bad habits that
will be hard to break!

2. Set the character speed to 13 words per minute or
higher (the ARRL uses 18 WPM) and the send speed at whatever
lower speed you desire. (Super Morse automatically sets the
character speed to 18 WPM). Since your ultimate goal is 13 words
per minute, it is much better to learn the sounds of the
characters at the higher speed even though they are spaced at a
lower speed. As stated above this is called the Farnsworth
method, and it helps to eliminate the "hump" that most people
experience around 10 words per minute.

3. Study every day, but if you feel you are stuck and not
making progress, take a few days off. It's amazing how this will
sometimes clear your head.

4. Try to copy code in you head as much as possible
.
5. Obtain access to a ham receiver and try to copy real
transmissions off the air. Some general coverage short wave
receivers permit reception of Morse code, but in general they are
harder to tune in on a Morse code signal.

6. As soon as possible learn the sounds of whole words.
You will find that whole words have characteristic lengths and
rhythms that distinguish them from all other words.

7. Turn on the Super Morse Build/Groups function and let
the computer send in the background while you are doing something
else, such as reading a book or working on a construction
project. Try to identify characters while doing the other
activity. This will help your brain shift to "automatic" and
will help the code sounds become a natural "part of the
wallpaper."

8. Although the code test no longer requires that you
demonstrate an ability to send Morse code, you should get a code
practice oscillator and practice your sending. Note that Super
Morse can be used as a code practice oscillator using one of
several keys on the keyboard or an external telegraph key.

9. As soon as you pass the novice test, get a rig on the
air and operate on the novice bands. Nothing will increase your
speed and concentration as well as the pressure of an on-the-air
contact. Don't worry about being perfect--the other guy is
probably in the same boat as you.
II. Super Morse Basics

A. Conventions Used in Manual

This manual uses words or characters in pointed brackets,
such as "" or "" to indicate that the key denoted by the
text or character should be pressed. Following are several
examples:


- Press the "A" key
- Press the function key "F1"
- Press the "Control" and "E" keys simultaneously
- Press the "ALT" and "G" keys simultaneously
- Press the "ESCAPE" key
- Press the "RETURN" or "ENTER" key
- Press the "SHIFT" key

Brackets are also used in examples to represent textual
information that should be present or entered in a command line.

References to Super Morse menus are often shown in the form
Setup/Code/Speed Factor. This means that the Speed Factor
selection is listed in the Code menu, which itself is a selection
in the Setup selection from the main menu.

B. Super Morse Program and Data Files

1. Distribution File

Super Morse is distributed as a self-extracting archive file
bearing a filename of the form SMnnn.EXE, where nnn is the
version number. For example, version 4.01 is distributed as
SM401.EXE. The archive file contains all the files necessary to
run Super Morse. To extract the files, at the DOS prompt simply
enter:

SMnnn

In some cases Super Morse may be distributed as a plain ZIP
(not self-extracting) file. In that case you must use the
Shareware de-archiver program PKUNZIP which is available on
computer bulletin boards and from Shareware distributors.

If you share Super Morse with a friend or want to upload it
to a computer bulletin board system, please upload or share the
archive file in its original condition. Do not add or remove
files, since that can create confusion to other users. In
addition, do not distribute or share the files in de-archived
form since you may omit an important file!

2. Files in Distribution File

The Super Morse distribution file contains the following
files:

Needed
Name Description to Run?
ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄ
ANTENNAS.SM - Names of antennas for QSO feature Yes
BUILD.HLP - Help file for Build phase Yes
BYE.HLP - Sign off message Yes
CITIES.SM - Names of cities for QSO feature Yes
CLASSES.SM - Definition of license classes Yes
ENHANCE.HLP - Help file for Enhance phase Yes
GROUPS.SM - Code groups for Learn phase Yes
GROUPS.1 - Alternate code group for Learn phase No
GROUPS.2 - Alternate code group for Learn phase No
HAMWORDS.SM - List of "ham" words for receive feature Yes
HOME.HLP - Help file for control keys Yes
JOBS.SM - Name of occupations for QSO feature Yes
LEARN.HLP - Help file for Learn phase Yes
MAIN.HLP - Main help file Yes
MEASURE.HLP - Help file for Measure phase Yes
MORSE.HLP - Help file for Morse characters Yes
NAMES.SM - Names of operators for QSO feature Yes
ONLINE.HLP - Help file for the Modem feature Yes
OP.HLP - Help file for the Operate phase Yes
Q&A.SM - Sample question and answer file Yes
QSO1.SM - QSO template for Measure phase Yes
RADIO.HLP - Help file for radio terminal feature Yes
README.1ST - Important information about setup No
REGISTER.FRM - For user registration and suggestions No
REGWORDS.SM - List of "regular" words for Receive feature Yes
RIGS.SM - Names of radio equipment for QSO feature Yes
RUNS.SM - Character runs for Learn feature Yes
SM.EXE - the main executable file Yes
SM.DOC - This documentation file No
SM.PIF - Program information file for Windows Yes*
STATES.SM - States Yes
STEPS.SM - Character pairings for Learn feature Yes
WHATSNEW.nnn - New features in version nnn No

* Needed for Windows use only

3. Special Super Morse Versions

Versions of Super Morse which have an "N" after the version
number are distributed by the National Amateur Radio Association
and contain additional files relevant to that organization.
Versions which have a "G" after the version number are for use by
the United States Government only.

C. Equipment and System Requirements and Limitations

1. General Requirements

Super Morse can be run on the IBM-PC and compatibles having
384K of memory and one floppy disk drive. A hard disk is not
required, although you will find that a hard disk will enhance
operation of this and any other program.

Super Morse supports a Microsoft mouse. In some
configurations, Super Morse uses two serial ports. If you use a
serial mouse, there may be a conflict. To fully use all Super
Morse features, three serial ports are required.

Your CONFIG.SYS file should authorize at least 20 files.
This can be done with the following statement:

FILES = 20

CONFIG.SYS may be edited using a word processor in the ASCII
output mode or a text editor.

2. Code Speed Calibration

In order for Super Morse to send properly-timed code,
calibration to each computer is required. Calibration is
affected primarily by the computer clock speed and memory
resident programs.

Super Morse uses two different calibration methods, clock
and loop, in order to handle various types of PC designs and
operating systems. The method is selected from the Setup menu. If
the clock calibration method is used, Super Morse automatically
calibrates each time it loads, and the speed should be
independent of your computer clock speed. However, if you use
the loop method, you must manually calibrate Super Morse in the
Setup menu. You must also recalibrate Super Morse each time you
add or remove a memory resident program if you use the loop
method.

The loop method must be used if your computer does not
implement the system clock chip in the same way as the original
PC design. Super Morse is initially set for the clock method;
but if the code is erratic or choppy on your computer, you should
change to the loop method.

You must also use the loop method if you are running
Microsoft Windows or a PC emualtor on a McIntosh!

3. Video Display Card

Super Morse supports CGA (color), MDA (monochrome) and HGC
(Hercules) video displays. The proper display adapter can be
selected from the Setup menu.

4. Disk Cache Programs

Super Morse saves changes in the program parameters when you
exit the program. If you are using a disk cache program, the
parameters may be saved to the cache area in memory and thus may
not permanently saved to disk. If you are having this problem,
you should try disabling any disk cacheing program which you have
installed on your system.

5. Floppy Disk Write Protect Tabs

If Super Morse is run from a floppy diskette, a write
protect tab should not be used! Super Morse must be able to store
configuration and user information to the diskette.

6. WINDOWS Capability

Super Morse is written as a DOS program, but it will run
under Microsoft Windows under certain conditions. The author has
confirmed that it will operate under the 386 Extended mode (i.e.,
a 386 or 486 computer is required) using the loop timing method.
You must set up a PIF file, and set the background to foreground
ratio to 10000 to 1 and set Execution to "Exclusive". These are
available as Advanced options in the PIF editor menu. To save
you time a PIF file to run Super Morse under the conditions
stated is provided on the distribution diskette. You should
select either the loop or clock timing method for best operation.

7. Speaker Volume

The volume produced by the PC speaker is very low on some
PC's, but unfortunately there is no way to increase it without an
external amplifier. Some relief can be obtained by changing the
speaker tone since speakers are frequency dependent.

8. Sound Boards

Super Morse now supports the Sound Blaster card and
compatibles. Super Morse initializes for use of the PC speaker,
and the Sound Blaster must be selected in the Setup/Code menu.

If you plan to use the Sound Blaster card for sound output,
you must use a text editor, such as EDLIN, (or a word processor
in ASCII output mode) to insert a line in the AUTOEXEC.BAT file
specifying an "environment string". The line should be in the
following format:

SET BLASTER=A I D T

For a Sound Blaster 1.0 using I/O address 220, Interrupt 7 and
DMA channel 1, the string would look as follows:

SET BLASTER=A220 I7 D1 T1

The I/O address, Interrupt number, and DMA channel can be
determined using the TEST-SBC.EXE program provided with your
Sound Blaster. If you did not change any of the jumpers on the
board when you installed it, you can use the factory default
settings shown in the Sound Blaster manual.

The SB type for use with the "T" parameter is one of the
following:

1 - Sound Blaster 1.5 or earlier, or Sound Blaster
Micro Channel Version
2 - Sound Blaster Pro
3 - Sound Blaster 2.0
6 - Sound Blaster 16

D. Installation

1. In General

In versions of Super Morse prior to 1.04, it was necessary
to create a special subdirectory and copy all data files into
that directory. That is no longer required! The only current
restriction on the location of files is that the files having HLP
and SM extensions must be in the same subdirectory as the SM.EXE
file.

Super Morse may be run directly from the distribution
diskette if diskette is 720K or larger, or it can be copied onto
another diskette or to a hard disk. If you wish to use another
floppy diskette, simply extract the program files and copy all
the files on the distribution diskette other than the original
archive file.

If you install Super Morse on a hard disk, you may wish to
place the program in a special subdirectory of your choosing.
Simply create the subdirectory as described in your DOS
manual, and copy all the files from the distribution diskette to
the selected subdirectory. A subdirectory named "\SM" is
suggested.

If you run Super Morse from a floppy disk, do not write
protect the disk! Super Morse periodically writes to the
diskette, and write protection will cause a disk write error.

2. Upgrading from CW or Earlier Super Morse Versions

The structures of the configuration (SM.CFG) and user
(SMn.USR - SM now supports up to 10 users and their associated
files) files which record the current status of certain program
information have changed several times during the evolution of
Super Morse. If you are upgrading from a version earlier than
4.01, you will need to erase the current version of the
configuration and user files using the following commands:

DEL SM.CFG

DEL SM.USR

and reinitialize Super Morse. If you fail to do this you, will
either get a "Disk Read" error or the program will operate
improperly.

E. Printing the DOC File

To print SM.DOC (this file) enter the following command:

COPY SM.DOC PRN:

You can also use the PRINT.COM program which comes with DOS or a
word processor program.

F. Morse Code Considerations

1. The Morse Character Set

a. Standard Character Set

Super Morse implements the standard Morse code character set
used in amateur radio. This includes the 26 letters, 10 numbers,
the comma, period, question mark, the slash mark, and the
prosigns. In addition, Super Morse supports Nordic characters
and non-amateur punctuation(colon, semicolon, left parenthesis,
and right parenthesis). The non-amateur punctuation are
available only in functions using the keyboard and disk files and
are not part of the character set for automatic sending by the
computer.

Several Morse code procedure signs ("prosigns") are not
printable as ASCII characters. These characters are usually
represented as a combination of two printable ASCII characters as
follows:

Prosign ASCII Representation Meaning
ÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄ

+ End of message
$ End of contact
! Wait, stand-by
# Over-specified station only
= Double dash
@ New line
& Attention
% Understood

When prosigns are printed on the screen, they are
represented in their double letter form surrounded by pointed
brackets. Prosigns may be entered either as a single ASCII
character or as a character combination. To enter as a character
combination, depress the key as both characters of the
combination are entered. Make sure that the key is
"off" when using the keyboard to enter Morse characters since the
status of the key is used to distinguish between prosigns
and regular characters. Prosigns will be displayed on the screen
in the mode in which they are entered. In some parts of the
program the ASCII representation are used for display purposes
only.

Except where standard characters have been defined, the ASCII
characters used to represent prosigns are chosen to provide at
least some association with or suggestion of the double-letter
representation of the prosigns. '$' suggests the 'S' in '',
and '!' the staccato DIT DIT DIT of the 'S' in ''. '#'
suggests the run-together combination of 'K' and 'N' in ''.

b. International Characters

In addition to support of the standard U.S. character set
for all operations, Super Morse also supports the following
additional international characters.

ASCII Identification
ÄÄÄÄ ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ
129 {Double dotted "u"}
130 {Forward accented "e"}
143 {Dotted "a"}
146 {Double dotted "a"}
157 {Double dotted "o"}

Only the U.S. character set is supported for internally
generated exercises. It is up to you to set up your computer to
input and display these characters as provided in the DOS manual.

2. Code Speed

a. Speed Standards

The PARIS standard is used for all but the Build/Groups
functions where the CODEX method is used. As a consequence, that
function will seem to be faster than the other functions, but do
not be alarmed. That is the way it should be! You can toggle
the code speed standard at any time by pressing

b. Character, Send and Word Speeds

Super Morse provides control over three aspect of speeds.
The "character" speed is the speed at which individual elements
comprising the Morse characters (DITS, DAHS, and inter-element
spacing) are sent. Normally, the spacing between characters is
sent at the same speed as the characters elements. However, when
the Farnsworth method is used, the spacing between characters is
sent at a slower speed than the characters themselves.

The Farnsworth method is implemented in Super Morse by
permitting you to control the "send" speed, which takes into
consideration the present character speed and increases the
inter-character spacing to provide the indicated overall send
speed.

Super Morse provides a further refinement in permitting you
to also control the "word speed", which controls the spacing
between words or character groups. This is, of course, available
only when words or character groups are being sent. It is
especially useful for advanced users who are learning to
recognize the sounds of entire words. Beginner users are not
likely to find any need for this setting. III. Getting Started with Super Morse

A. Starting and Quitting Super Morse

1. Starting Super Morse

To run Super Morse enter the following command at the DOS
prompt:

SM

2. Title Screen

The first screen to appear after Super Morse is started is
the title screen. Super Morse will indicate first near the
bottom of the screen that it is loading data files and then it
will ask you to enter a user number.

3. User Number

After all files are loaded Super Morse asks you to enter
your user number at the bottom center of the title screen. The
user number is a unique number which you should select in the
range 0 to 9. Super Morse supports up to 10 users, and each user
is assigned a separate user file used to record statistical
information. For example, user 1 is assigned the file SM1.USR,
which is the default. The contents of the currently used file
can be accessed from the Setup menu with the Stats command.

In order for your statistics to be correct, you should
choose and use a number that is not used by anyone else. If you
are the only user, you are assigned the default user no. 1, and
you can simply press to automatically enter that number.
You will then be taken to the main screen.

4. Quitting Super Morse

Before continuing you should know how to exit Super Morse.
You may do so by selecting the QUIT option from the main menu, by
pressing the ESC key, or by pressing the right mouse button. If
program parameters have been changed, you are given an
opportunity to save the new ones.

The Morse code exit message can be cut short by pressing ESC
(although you would be deprived of the unsurpassed pleasure of
hearing WD5CID's call sign yet again).

B. Super Morse Organization

1. Organizational Philosophy

Super Morse is organized in a series of menus based upon the
five phases of the Morse code learning process: (1) learning the
characters, (2) building speed, (3) enhancing skills, (4)
measuring progress, and (5) operating. These five phases are
reflected in the commands available from the main menu.

2. Menus

a. Pull Down Menus

Super Morse uses a pull-down menu system with a bar type
main menu and submenus which "pull down" from the main menu. In
some cases the submenus have their own submenus that normally
overlay the submenu. The pull-down submenus each comprise a
character followed by a selection name. The main menu does not
use selection characters.

The current selection in all menus is indicated by a
highlight bar. The highlight bar can be moved using the left and
right arrow keys in the main menu and the up and down arrow keys
in the submenus, or by moving the mouse pointer to the selection
and pressing the left mouse button. The highlighted selection
can be chosen by pressing or by pressing the left mouse
button. If the mouse is used to choose a selection that is
already highlighted, the left mouse button must be clicked twice.

Most menu's have a HELP selection which provides a brief
explanation of the other selections.

The last selection in each menu is normally QUIT, which
exits the menu and returns to a lower level menu. The same
result can be attained by pressing or by pressing the right
mouse button.

b. Line Menus

When Super Morse leaves the pull-down menus and begins to
use the main display area, it sometimes presents choices in the
form of line menus which are integrated into the text display.
Selection may be made using the right and left arrow keys, the
mouse, or the first letter of the selection.

3. The Super Morse Main Display

a. The Message Line (Top)

At all times while Super Morse is running, the top line of
the screen is used to identify the current function and the key
necessary to abort that function. Most functions can be exited
at any prompt using the key.

b. The Main Menu Line

The second line displays the main menu of Super Morse's
pull- down menu system, which provides the following selections:

ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ ³
³ Learn Build Enhance Measure Operate View Setup Help EXIT ³
³ ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ

The current selection is indicated by a highlight bar, which
can be moved using the left and right arrow keys or by pointing
to the menu name with a mouse and double clicking. The pulldown
menu for the menu name can be displayed by pressing the
key. A selection can also be made by pressing the first letter of
the menu name.

Currently Super Morse's pulldown menus do not support moving
from menu to menu by pressing the right and left arrows as do
many other programs. In order to move to another pulldown menu
after one has been opened, you must exit the menu with the "EXIT"
selection or by pressing , moving to the menu name on the
main menu bar and pressing .

c. The Status Lines (Bottom)

Likewise, the bottom three lines display important program
parameters as follows:

ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ Wt: 3.0 Std: Txt Zoom: N Int: N Jit: Y Spk: Y ³
³ Ch: ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ1234567890 Txt: Show ETim: 0:00³
³ SSp: 5 Csp: 18 WSp: 5 Class: Novice Tone: 730 ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ

The upper status line displays from left to right the code
weighting ("Wt"), whether text or random code speed is used
("Std"), whether the zoom mode is active ("Zoom"), whether
interference is active ("Int"), whether code jitter is active
"Jit" and whether the speaker is active ("Spk").

The middle status line displays the currently active
character set ("Ch"), whether code text will be displayed
("Txt"), and the elapsed time of the current session ("ETim").

The lower status line displays the code send speed ("SS") in
words per minute, the code character speed ("CS") in words per
minute, the code word speed ("WS") in words per minute, the
license class represented by the speed ("Class"), and the
oscillator tone ("Tone").

When the PC speaker is used for sound output, the tone is
displayed as the tone frequency in Hertz; but when the Sound
Blaster card is selected, the tone is shown as a musical note.

The meanings of character speed, send speed and word speed
are defined later in this document.

4. Super Morse Help

a. Help Screens

Help screens for each menu are available by choosing the
HELP selection. Help for the control keys is available by
pressing HOME.

b. Quick Key Help

The definitions of the function keys and ALT keys can be
displayed at any menu by pressing the HOME key.

c. Displaying the DOC File

This DOC file may be displayed with the Setup/DOC command
from the main menu.

C. Super Morse Audiovisual Cues

1. Code Output

Super Morse outputs code sounds either via the PC speaker or
an optional Sound Blaster card. Super Morse also provides
alternative output with a flashing light square in the upper
right hand corner of the screen. The flashing light output
permits use of the program in environments where the sound output
would be inappropriate.

2. Audio Confirmation and Alerts

If audio confirmation is enabled (Setup/Misc), Super Morse
makes a "diddle" sound when a selection is made. When an
erroneous entry is made, Super Morse will make a "buzz" sound.
3. Repeating Characters and Words

In features which send a character or a word and prompt for
a keyboard response, the character or word can usually be
repeated by pressing the key. In some word features, the
word can also be repeated by pressing the key.

4. Visual Cues

In some features Super Morse provides visual cues by
printing DITs and DAHs when a character is sounded. Unless DIT
is the last element in a character, it is usually spelled DI
since this is a more accurate representation of its sound under
those circumstances. This feature can be disabled in the Setup
menu.

D. Program Control

1. The Key

At any time code is being sent, the current operation can be
aborted by pressing the key.

2. Pause

During the middle of a code exercise, you may wish to pause
for some reason, e.g., answer the phone. You may do so by
pressing the key combination. Note that you will lose a
character if you are in the midst of it when you invoke the
pause. Note also that pause will affect timed functions.
Pressing any key continues the previous function.

3. Screen Control

a. Hiding the Text

If you want to hide the text so that you are not tempted to
peek while copying, press the END key. Pressing END again
reverses the effect. The current status is displayed on the
status line. With some functions the text will be hidden
regardless of the setting of the hide subcommand.

The hide feature remembers up to 1792 characters sent when
the text is hidden. When the text is unhidden, these characters
are printed on the screen as they would have appeared if the had
not been hidden.

b. Clearing the Screen

The screen may be cleared any time the screen is active
(i.e., no menu is showing) by pressing the key
combination;

4. Timing a Super Morse Session

Super Morse includes a session timer which is displayed on
the status line as "ETim". The session timer is automatically
zeroed when Super Morse is invoked, but it may be re-zeroed at
any time by pressing the key combination.

E. The Session Buffer

Super Morse stores all the characters sounded in a session
and makes them available for later use using the Review selection
from the main menu bar.

The session buffer is stored in a file named SESSION.SM.
This file make also be replayed using the Build/Disk function.
The session buffer is limited to 4000 characters, which is about
two full screens of text on an 80x25 display. Anything in excess
of this is lost.

F. Reviewing Program Information

1. The Review Menu

The Review menu, which may be chosen from the main pull-down
menu, permits you to review and examine various types of program
information as follows:

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³ ³
³ A - Session ³
³ B - Keys ³
³ C - Morse ³
³ D - DOC ³
³ E - Stats ³
³ F - HELP ³
³ G - EXIT ³
³ ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ

2. Reviewing the Current Session

You can display all the characters sounded in the current
Super Morse session using the Session selection. The Session
selection displays the following menu:

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³ ³
³ A - View ³
³ B - Play ³
³ C - Erase ³
³ D - Print ³
³ E - File ³
³ F - HELP ³
³ G - QUIT ³
³ ³
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The session buffer may be displayed with the View command
and replayed with the Play command. It can be printed with the
Print command and filed to diskette with the File command. When
finished with the session, you can erase it with the Erase
command.

3. Viewing the Quick Keys

Super Morse permits you to use function and ALT key
combinations to set and control various program parameters and
functions. The functions of these keys can be viewed using the
Keys selection from the Review menu. The quick keys can also be
viewed by pressing the HOME key at any prompt.

The quick keys are discussed in detail in the Settings and
Options section of this document.

4. Viewing the Morse Alphabet

You may wish review the definitions of the various Morse
characters. You can do this with the Morse selection in the
Review menu.

5. Viewing the DOC File

You can view this DOC file without leaving Super Morse with
the DOC selection in the Review menu.

6. Displaying User Statistics

Several of the features in the Learn and Measure phases of
Super Morse record information about your progress.

In character based lessons of the Learn section, Super Morse
keeps track of your number of consecutive correct answers. When
Stats is selected from the Review menu, a color graph showing the
number of correct answers for each character for the last 10
times the character has been sent to you. Also displayed at the
bottom of the graph is a percentage goal figure. The goal
referred to is to achieve 10 out of 10 correct for each letter,
for a total of 450 net correct answers. A perfect score is 100,
but you have to be VERY good to achieve it. Your score starts at
0 and slowly builds toward 100 as you get better. If you can
come even close to 100, you KNOW the Morse characters!

In the Enhance section your maximum boost speed and keyboard
copy speed are recorded and displayed in the user statistics.
Also the number of Super Morse sessions and total time spent
using Super Morse are shown.

The user statistics can be cleared with the rase User
command from the Stats display.

IV. Settings and Options

A. Settings in General

Super Morse parameters can be set using the Setup chosen
from the main menu bar, quick keys, or external files.

B. Quick Settings

1. The Quick Keys

Many parameters of Super Morse can be set from the main
screen.

a. The Function Keys

The function keys are active at any input prompt, and while
code is being sent. They are defined as follows:

F1 - Decrease SEND Speed F2 - Increase SEND Speed
F3 - Decrease CHAR Speed F4 - Increase CHAR Speed
F5 - Decrease WORD Speed F6 - Increase WORD Speed
F7 - Lower Speaker Tone F8 - Raise Speaker Tone
F9 - Decrease All Speeds F10 - Increase All Speeds

The operations performed by these keys are discussed in more
detail in several of the following sections.

b. The and Other Control Keys

Super Morse parameters may also be set using key
combinations and other keys. Some are active while code is being
sent and others only when an input is required.

The following combinations and other keys are
available:

- Clear the screen (not active during menu
presentation)
- Set to Extra class Farnsworth speed (20,26,20)
- Set to User's favorite speed
- Set to General class Farnsworth speed (13,18,13)
- Context sensitive help
- Set Interference type
- Toggle code speed jitter
- Toggle speaker
- Set to Novice class speed (5,18,5)
- Pause
- Toggle between code speed standards
- Reset elapsed time clock
- Save new settings
- Toggle "Zoom" mode
- Set class 1 speed
- Set class 2 speed
- Set class 3 speed
- Set cs,ss and ws to the same value
- Quick key help
- Hide/unhide text

The 18 WPM character speeds (middle number) indicated in
and are the initial value and may be changed in the Setup
menu chosen from the main menu bar.

2. Setting Code Speed

a. Incremental Settings

The code speed can be set at any input prompt, and while
code is being sent, using the function keys as follows:

F1 - Decrease SEND Speed F2 - Increase SEND Speed
F3 - Decrease CHAR Speed F4 - Increase CHAR Speed
F5 - Decrease WORD Speed F6 - Increase WORD Speed
F9 - Decrease SEND, CHAR, F10- Increase SEND, CHAR,
and WORD Speed and WORD Speed

You can set the speed at which a character is sent,
separately from the overall send speed (the Farnsworth method).

For example, you can set the send speed at a slow speed but the
character speed using shorter DITS and DAHS which are equivalent
to a much faster send speed. This is a highly recommended way to
increase your speed since you will know the sound of the
characters at the higher speed from the beginning. Super Morse
is initialized for the Farnsworth method to a character speed of
18 WPM for send speeds below 20 WPM and at 25 WPM for speeds
above 20 WPM, but these values can be changed in the Setup menu.

Note that the word speed can be set separately from send and
character speed. This helps you learn the sounds of whole words
sent at high speeds but spaced at a slower speed.

The minimum code speed is permitted by Super Morse is 3 WPM,
and the maximum is 99 WPM (good luck with that setting!). The
send speed and character speeds are coupled so that the send
speed will never exceed the character speed. Also in the speed
test mode, the word speed is automatically set to the send speed
so that the test is valid. In addition, upon entry into the
Learn phase, the send and word speeds may be set to a special
learn speed if enabled in the Setup menu. If selected, the learn
speeds are set to the values used during the last learn session.

b. Direct Speed Settings

You can quickly and directly set the code speed to the
proper speeds for the various classes of amateur radio licenses
using the keys as follows:

- Novice class (5 WPM)
- General class (13 WPM)
- Extra class (20 WPM)

When these quick keys are used, the "send" and "word" speeds are
set to the license speed standards as indicated above. However,
the "character" speed is set to the user selected Farnsworth
speed, which is set in the Setup/Code menu.

You can also set your favorite speed with the key
combination. The favorite speed is changed in the Setup menu.

For non-U.S. users who wish to redefine the names and speeds
of the license classes as defined earlier in this document, the
following alternative ALT keys are provided:

- Lowest class license
- Mid-class license
- Highest class license

These keys work exactly like , and ,
and U.S. users can use them as an alternative if desired.

c. Changing Code Characteristics

i. Code Weighting

The code weighting can be changed using the command.
Code weighting refers to the ratio between the lengths of the DAH
and the DIT. Normally a DAH is 3 times as long as a DAH, but in
some instances it is useful to change the weighting to some other
ratio. Super Morse permits the weighting to be set in the range
2-6 in increments of 0.2. At present, changing the weight from
that used for speed calibration causes a very slight change in
speed. Thus, you should always calibrate speed at a weighting of
3, and understand that speeds at other weightings may be off by 1
WPM or so.

ii. Adding Speed Jitter

To make code sound more realistic, speed jitter can be added
(or removed) by pressing . This slightly varies the
length of the DITS and DAHS in the way that human operators do.

d. Zoom Mode

The File, Groups and Words functions in the Build section may
be exercised using the zoom mode. In this mode a specified
number of words or groups is sent at a specified starting speed,
and then the send speed is bumped up by the specified WPM
increment. This process is repeated until a specified end speed
is reached.

The zoom mode is enabled and disabled by pressing the Z> key combination during any menu display. When the zoom mode
is enabled, the following screen is displayed for parameter
selection:

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³ ³
³ 1 - Start Speed : 3 ³
³ 2 - End Speed : 14 ³
³ 3 - Char Speed : 18 ³
³ 4 - Increment : 1.0 ³
³ 5 - Num Words : 10 ³
³ ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ

Each parameter can be changed by selecting the indicated
parameter number and entering the information when prompted.
The increment parameter specifies the number of WPM the speed is
bumped after the specified number of words or groups is sent.
Any one of four preset increment values may be selected: 0.1,
0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 WPM.

3. Controlling Audio

a. The Oscillator Tone

i. Changing Tone

When the PC speaker is in use, the oscillator tone can be
set to suit your tastes with the function keys as follows:

F7 - Decrease Speaker Tone F8 - Increase Speaker Tone

ii. PC Speaker

When the PC speaker is used for sound output, the tone is
selected by frequency. The minimum tone frequency is 400 Hz., and
the maximum is 2000 Hz. Unfortunately the volume of the PC
speaker cannot be changed. Some tones are reproduced by the PC
speaker better than others, however, and they seem louder. The
default tone is 730 Hz. to approximate the 725 Hz. tone believed
to be used for many VEC tests.

iii. Sound Blaster

When the Sound Blaster card is selected as the sound output
device, the tone is selected as notes in the musical scale.

b. Adding Noise

To provide practice in copying code under difficult
conditions, your can add background noise (known as "QRM" to
hams) to the code by pressing the key combination. Level
0 is no noise, and levels 1, 2, and are noise levels of different
types. Background noise is available only in the Build and
Enhance phases.

C. Super Morse Setup

1. The Setup Menu

The Setup menu provides the following choices:

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³ ³
³ A - Code ³
³ B - Chars ³
³ C - Ports ³
³ D - Colors ³
³ E - Misc ³
³ F - HELP ³
³ G - QUIT ³
³ ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ

The "Code" selection sets code speed and other parameters.
"Chars" is used to define the currently active character set.
The COM port parameters for keying I/O interface with external
devices are set with the "Ports" selection. Screen colors are
set with the "Colors" selection, and other miscellaneous
parameters are set with the "Misc" selection.

2. Setting the Code Parameters

a. The Code Menu


Following is the code menu with example settings shown.

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³ ³
³ A - Timing Method : Timer G - Farnsworth Lo : 18 ³
³ B - Timing Factor : 1083 G - Farnsworth Hi : 25 ³
³ C - Calibration : XXXX I - Speed Lock : Off ³
³ D - Tone Split : On I - Standard Lock : Diff ³
³ E - Set Fav. Speed : 5-14-5 K - QUIT ³
³ F - Learn Speed : On ³
³ ³
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b. Calibrating the Code Speed

i. Selecting the Calibration Method

Super Morse uses two different calibration methods that may
be used depending upon your equipment requirements. The first is
the Timer method, which directly uses the PC's clock chip. This
method provides automatic calibration each time Super Morse is
run and produces more accurate times and thus better sounding
code. Unfortunately, not all PC's support the clock chip in
exactly the same way, and therefore that method will not work on
all PC's.
In addition, the Timer method seems to be incompatible with
Microsoft Windows. Finally, the Timer method will not work with
PC emulators for other machines such as the Apple McIntosh.

Due to these incompatibilities, Super Morse versions 4.01
and later reintroduce the software Loop timing method that was
used in versions up to 3.10. This method should be compatible
with all types of PC equipment, including McIntoshes running the
PC emulator. It is also compatible with Windows provided that a
special PIF file described elsewhere in this document is used.
The disadvantage of the Loop method is that it requires manual
calibration and must be recalibrated each time a memory resident
program (including Windows) is added or removed.

When switching between the Timer and Loop timing methods,
you will find that the timing factor is radically different. In
some cases the calibration test may be so slow that you will have
to abort it and guess at a an appropriate timing factor. As a
rough guide, a 386SX computer running at 16 MHz. requires a Timer
timing factor of about 1100 while the Loop factor is roughly
8000. The timing factor will not change much with computer
speed, but the Loop factor will increase approximately
proportionately with computer speed.

ii. Manual Calibration

While the Timer timing method automatically calibrates each
time Super Morse is run, you should adjust the timing factor the
first time you run Super Morse using the Timing Factor selection
from the Setup/Code menu. Once Super Morse is adjusted to your
computer when using the Timer method, you should not need to
change it.

If you use the Timer method, calibration must be performed
manually using the Calibrate selection from the Setup/Code menu.
Once calibrated, however, you will not need to change it unless
you add or delete a memory resident program.

The accuracy of the current calibration may be determined
using the Calibration selection in the Setup/Code menu. Super
Morse tests calibration by sending the standard word PARIS the
same number of times as the send speed shown on the status line.
The send, character and word speeds can be set to any desired
speed. If Super Morse is correctly calibrated, the test should be
completed in exactly one minute. Super Morse times the test and
displays the result along with a recommendation for a revised
Timing Factor. If the recommended Timing Factor is different
from the current setting by more, than say 5, then the
recommended new timing factor should be entered using the Timing
Factor selection in the Setup/Code menu. The calibration should
be repeated until the recommended and the current Timing Factor
are very close.

So that you do not spend an inordinate amount of time
seeking the perfect calibration, let's put the problem in
perspective. For perfect timing the total time required for the
Calibration test is 60 seconds. However, you will not likely
attain that number, and you should seek an elapsed time of
slightly under 60 seconds so that any errors will be on the too-
fast side of the indicated speed. If the speed test requires 58
seconds instead of 60, the code speed will be fast by only about
3 percent. This is only about 0.6 WPM at 20 WPM, and less at
slower speeds. If you can attain a total time of 59 to 60
seconds, you will be very close to the actual speed.

iii. Setting Speed Standard

Super Morse supports both the PARIS speed standard for plain
text and the CODEX standard for random characters. The currently
active standard is shown on the command line. The text (PARIS)
standard is indicated by the letter "T" (standing for "text"),
and the random character standard (CODEX) by the letter "R"
(standing for "random"). You can override the automatic standard
selection using the command at any menu to toggle between
the two standards.

c. Splitting the DIT and DAH Tones

The tones for sending DITs and DAHs are normally the same,
but as an additional aid in distinguishing between the two, Super
Morse permits you to split the two tones such that the DAH is 10
Hz. lower than the DIT. This is accomplished using the Tone
Split selection in the Setup/Code menu.

The tone split feature is not available when the Sound
Blaster is used for sound output.

d. Code Speed Settings

i. Setting User's Favorite Speed

You can directly set the current speed to a speed that you
commonly use by pressing the key combination. The speed
used by the command is set to the current speed shown on
the status line using the Set Fav. Speed selection in the
Setup/Code menu. Thus, to set a favorite speed, set the speeds
on the status line using the function keys and then press F>. The speeds shown in the menu are in the same order as on the
status line.

ii. Setting Farnsworth Speed

The character speed for the Farnsworth method can be set for
both low and a high speed ranges. The Farnsworth speed for send
speeds below 20 WPM is set in the range of 13-30 WPM with the
"Farnsworth Lo" selection; and for speeds above 20 WPM in the
range 20-30 WPM with the "Farnsworth Hi" selection. The
Farnsworth speed is also used in the quick speed settings, N>, , and (also in , and ).
Test tapes prepared by the ARRL and widely used by Volunteer
Examination Coordinators (VEC's) send at a character speed of 18
WPM in the low range. It is also the authors understanding that
26 WPM is commonly used for the Extra class code speed.

iii. Setting a Separate Learn Speed

Using the Learn Speed selection, you can determine whether
Super Morse switches to special learn speeds when the Learn phase
is entered or whether the speeds remain the same a for other
phases.

iv. Speed Lock

When using Super Morse for classroom teaching, it may be
helpful to lock the speed settings to prevent the student from
changing them to an easier speed. This setting permits the speed
change keys to be locked and unlocked selectively.

v. Standard Lock

Normally Super Morse toggles between the PARIS (text) and
CODEX (random) speed standards as the context dictates. However,
some users are distracted by the change, and consequently I have
inserted a lock to maintain the PARIS standard regardless of the
type of characters being sent. In addition the standard lock
also disables the standard toggle. I suggest that you
not use this feature since it will help you on the test to have
studied random characters at the seemingly "higher" random
character speed (the CODEX standard).

3. Configuring the Character Set

The set of characters that you desire to receive may be set
by choosing Chars in the Setup menu. This permits you to alter
the currently enabled character set using the following screen:


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³ ³
³ ³
³ ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 0123456789 .,?/- !@#$ ³
³ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxx ----- ---- ³
³ ³
³ ³
³ A - Letters G - Group 2 M - Default ³
³ B - Numbers H - Group 3 N - Type ³
³ C - Punctuation I - Group 4 O - All ³
³ D - Prosigns J - Group 5 P - QUIT ³
³ E - National K - Group 6 ³
³ F - Group 1 L - Group 7 ³
³ ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ


The symbol directly below the character indicates whether
the character is enabled, the "x" indicating that it is enabled,
and the "-" that it is disabled. Note that the prosigns are
represented by their single character ASCII equivalent character.
The default character set has the letters and numbers enabled and
the punctuation and prosigns disabled. The status of characters
can be altered in groups or individually. The letters, numbers,
punctuation, prosign, and national groups can be enabled or
disabled by choosing the correspondingly named selection. The
National command is active only when the special Nordic character
set has been enabled.

The currently active groups 1-7 can be similarly enabled or
disabled. Note that the alternate character groups file
(GROUPS.2) has only six groups, and the "Group 7" selection will
thus not be active if that file is used. To enable the default
character set, choose the "Default" selection. To change the
status of all characters, choose the "All" selection.

To change the status of individual characters, select "Type"
and then press the desired keys. When you are finished entering
individual characters, press to exit back to the character
menu.

The current status of the character set is saved at your
option when Super Morse is exited or when is pressed.

4. Configuring the COM Ports

a. The Ports Menu

Super Morse uses two different serial ports, a "keying port"
to interface with a keyer or other device and a "telephone port"
to interface with a telephone modem. The setting for these ports
are determined using the Ports menu shown as follows with example
settings:


ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ ³
³ A - Phone Port : COM1 H - RS-232 Input : DSR ³
³ B - Baud Rate : 1200 I - Input Sense : + ³
³ C - No. Bits : 8 J - Output Keying : Off ³
³ D - Parity : N K - RS-232 Output : DTR ³
³ E - Dial Type : Tone L - Output Sense : + ³
³ F - Keying Port : COM2 M - QUIT ³
³ G - Input Keying : ALT ³
³ ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ

b. Configuring the Telephone Port

i. Telephone Port Selection

Super Morse makes use of the PC serial communications ports
for the On Line Practice feature in the Operate phase. You can
set either COM1 or COM2 using the Phone Port selection. COM 3 and
COM 4 are not available for this function.

ii. Setting Communications Parameters

The baud rate for the telephone port can be set at either
300, 1200, or 2400 baud with the Baud Rate selection, the number
of bits can be set either at 7 or 8 using the No. Bits selection,
and the parity can be set at either even, odd, or none using the
Parity selection.

c. Configuring the Keying Port

i. Keying Port Selection

Super Morse provides auxiliary CW signal input and output
using a serial port. Either COM1, COM2, COM3, or COM4 can be
selected using the Keying Port selection.

ii. Selecting Input Keying Source

The Build phase provides the ability to use a PC key as a
manual Morse code sender comprising either a key on the computer
keyboard or an external telegraph key. The ALT key is the
default, but since memory resident programs often use the ALT key
as a hot key the Super Morse Setup menu permits your to select
either the ALT, CTRL, Left SHIFT, or Right SHIFT for the manual
key. The EXTERNAL selection permits the telegraph key, an
electronic keyer, or a radio receiver to be used. The radio
receiver requires a special interface and is normally used with
the adio selection in the perate phase. In addition, the
left button on a Microsoft compatible mouse can also be used as a
manual key.

iii. RS-232 Input

Either the DSR or CTS pin (6 and 5, respectively) can be
used to receive input keying. Pin 7 is ground. This can be
selected using the RS-232 Input selection, and the receive sense
can be set at either positive (+) or negative (-) using the input
sense selection.

iv. RS-232 Output

Either the DTR or RTS pin (pins 20 and 4, respectively) can
be used to key an external oscillator or a transmitter. Pin 7 is
ground. This output capability can be toggled on and off using
the Output Keying selection, and the desired pin can be selected
using the RS-232 Output selection. The output sense can be set
to either positive or negative using the Output Sense selection.

5. Setting Screen Colors

When the Colors command is selected from the Setup menu, a
color set menu is displayed as follows:


ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ ³
³ A - Main Background G - Bar Foreground M - Info Background ³
³ B - Main Foreground H - Status Background N - Info Foreground ³
³ C - Main Highlight I - Status Foreground O - Blue/Magenta Set³
³ D - Menu Background J - Status Highlight P - Green/Blue Set ³
³ E - Menu Foreground K - Line Background Q - Black/White Set ³
³ F - Bar Background L - Line Foreground R - Quit ³
³ ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ

The colors of the screen, the windows, and the highlighting
can be set to suit your taste using the - selections.
Predefined color combinations may be selected with the -
selections. The current color for each screen area is shown in
the menu (color display only).

6. Miscellaneous Settings

a. The Misc Menu

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³ ³
³ A - National Chars : English F - Show DIT/DAH : On ³
³ B - Video Adapter : CGA G - Tie Speeds : On ³
³ C - Boost Factor : 90% H - Clear Screen : On ³
³ D - Prompt Sound : On I - Sound Device : Speaker³
³ E - Jump Spaces : Yes J - QUIT ³
³ ³
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b. Controlling Prompt Sound

The prompt sounds ("beep", "diddle", "click")can be toggled
on and off using the Prompt Sound selection from the Setup/Misc
menu.

c. Selecting the Video Type

At program invocation Super Morse automatically determines
the video type used in your computer. However, this can be
changed if necessary (e.g., you have two video cards installed)
with the Video Adapter selection. Screen colors will be
automatically set for the selected video card, and the new video
setting is saved in the configuration file. The three choices
available are MDA (monochrome), CGA (color graphics adapter), and
HGC (Hercules).

d. Jump Spaces in Disk Files

The Jump Spaces selection permits multiple spaces in a disk
file to be skipped.

e. Setting Boost Goal.

The percentage of correct answers necessary to increase the
speed in the Boost feature can be adjusted using the Boost Factor
selection.

f. DIT and DAH Display

The Learn phase uses a screen display of DIT and DAH to
reinforce the audio. This feature can be turned on and off using
the Show DIT/DAH selection.

g. Tying Code Speeds

Super Morse permits you to tie the send, character and word
speeds above 20 words per minute for easy one-key settings.
However, this can be disabled using the Tie Speeds selection.

h. Clear Screen

Setting this choice to "On" causes the screen to be cleared
when exiting a function.

i. Selecting the Sound Output Device

Super Morse permits selection of either the PC speaker or
the Sound Blaster card for audio output, or a flashing light for
a silent code output, using the Sound Device selection. in the
Setup/Misc menu. The Sound Blaster card provides a much higher
output level than the PC speaker and can easily be fed to an
external amplifier or recorder if desired. In order to use the
Sound Blaster, an environment string must be added to the
AUTOEXEC file as desciribed above.

The flashing light option permits Super Morse to be used
where the audio output is inappropriate.

D. Saving Current Settings

1. Save Modes

The current values of the program settings (parameters) can
be saved with the key combination. If the settings have
not been saved during the current session, then your are given
the opportunity to save them when exiting Super Morse. Several
parameters (zoom status, interference status, jitter status and
qrm status) are not saved and must be reset during every session.

2. The Settings Files

Super Morse preserves the most recently used or set
parameters in a configuration file, SM.CFG, and one of several
user files, SMn.USR.

a. Configuration File

The most recently used values for parameters which are least
likely to change during each session are stored in the SM.CFG
file. If this file is not found when Super Morse is first run,
it is created.

b. User Files

The most recently used values for parameters which are
subject to change during each session are stored in the SMn.USR
file. Super Morse supports 10 users numbered 0-9 and their
respective files. The user statistics files are given a number
corresponding to the user number. For example, user 1 is
assigned the file SM1.USR (the default).

E. Customization of External Files

1. General

In addition to internal modifications, Super Morse permits
customization by changing the contents of Super Morse's text
files. Modifiable files all have the "SM" extension, such as
NAMES.SM. These files can be edited using a text editor or a word
processor. A simple, but very poor, text editor, EDLIN.COM, is
usually provided with your DOS utilities, but other much better
ones are available as Shareware.

If a word processor is used, the output must be ASCII text
only! Most modern word processors output not only the text that
you enter in the document but also formatting information which
is not displayed on the screen. This invisible formatting
information will cause to Super Morse produce garbage. If you use
a word processor, be sure to check your user manual to determine
how to save text in plain ASCII format without the formatting
information. If you use WORD PERFECT or DOS, use the "Text Out"
choice from the "Files" pull-down menu, or press .

2. Data Files

Super Morse uses several files containing names, cities, and
other information used in QSO generation (simulated radio
contact), and other files for words used in word-based functions.
If you are not satisfied with the contents of these files, you
may change them to suit your tastes. Non-U.S. users will probably
want to change the contents of the states file to include the
provinces in their own country or other countries.

All data files require that only one item be placed on a
line starting in column 1 (not at the left margin of a word
processor file if the margin is shown!) and that no blank lines
be inserted in the middle of the file.

3. License Classes File

The only data file having a special format is the CLASSES.SM
file. This file contains three lines in a special order. The
file distributed with Super Morse defines the United States
license classes and speeds as follows:

05 Novice
13 General
20 Advanced

The format is critical! It must contain three lines and start in
column 1 (not the left margin of a word processor file!). Each
line begins with a speed in words per minute in columns 1 and 2,
followed by a space, followed in column 4 by the name of the
license class beginning at that speed, not exceeding 8 characters
in length. If a speed is less than 10 WPM, a "0" must be placed
at the beginning. If only two license classes are used in your
country, repeat the second class definition on the third line as
in the following generic example:

07 Junior
11 Senior
11 Senior

If you have only one class of license, place the same information
on all three lines. If your country uses more than three classes
of licenses, please let me know, and I will expand this file.

4. Text Files

In some features Super Morse permits you to use a plain
ASCII text file as input. An example in the Disk File command in
the Build phase. These files should be created with a text
editor or word processor in the ASCII output mode as described
above. The lines in these files can be any length and can start
in any column.

F. Interfacing External Equipment

The primary I/O for Super Morse code is via the computer
keyboard and the PC onboard speaker. Secondary output is
provided by toggling either the DTR or RTS pin at the selected
RS-232 communications port. Input is provided via either the DSR
or CTS pin at the same port. You can select whether to expect
either a high (+) or a low (-) voltage in the key-down condition
and the opposite in the key-up condition. Output via DTR/RTS is
available whenever code is being sent, but input via DSR/CTS is
available only in the Manual key function of the Enhance phase
and in the Operate phase.

I/O via either COM1, COM2, COM3, or COM4 can be selected
from the Setup menu selected from the main menu bar. With a
proper interface DTR/RTS can be used to drive an external
oscillator for making high quality code tapes or to key a
transmitter. Likewise, DSR/CTS can be interfaced with a hand key,
electronic keyer, or a receiver.

Code output to the speaker and COM port can be selected from
the Setup menu. Code input can be selected from either one of
several keys on the computer keyboard or the COM port using the
Input Keying selection in the Setup/Ports menu.

A detailed explanation of how to use the DTR/RTS and DSR/CTS
signals for the aforementioned purposes is beyond the scope of
this manual and is left to your ingenuity. However, limited
information is provided in Section XI. The author would like to
receive diagrams of tested circuits designed by users to take
advantage of COM port I/O.
V. The Learn Phase

A. The Learn Command

1. Introduction

To help you learn the Morse code, Super Morse provides a
Learn feature, which conducts a series of lessons to gradually
and logically introduce the Morse characters. The Learn menu is
as follows:

ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ ³
³ A - DIT/DAH ³
³ B - Combos ³
³ C - Steps ³
³ D - Runs ³
³ E - Groups ³
³ F - Levels ³
³ G - All ³
³ H - User ³
³ I - Flash ³
³ J - Oddball ³
³ K - View ³
³ L - HELP ³
³ M - EXIT ³
³ ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ

2. The Super Morse Teaching Method

Unlike standard Morse code teaching methods, Super Morse
does not begin by introducing characters. Instead Super Morse
starts with sounds only -- characters are not taught or displayed
in the early lessons. The idea is to emphasize that Morse code
is a sound language and to teach the fundamentals of code sounds
without the added complication of visual stimuli. Two sound-only
exercises are provided. First, the basic DIT and DAH sounds are
taught. Second, Super Morse puts the basic sounds together into
the four fundamental two-sound combinations.

Only after the basic sounds and sound combinations are
taught does Super Morse start identifying characters. Before the
standard code groups are introduced, code "steps", which are
groups of two similarly sounding characters, are sent to
gradually introduce the characters in pairs. The idea is to teach
the student to distinguish similar sounding characters from the
beginning, such that those which do not sound so much alike will
fall into place by themselves. Also the characters are slowly
learned in an indirect fashion in that the student is encouraged
to concentrate on the differences rather than the content of the
characters themselves. Only when the steps are completed are the
standard code groups
introduced.

The Learn selections are through are ordered to
slowly build up your knowledge of the characters in a very
logical way.It is recommended that the Learn subcommands be used
in the same order as the selections are presented.

3. Repeating Characters

In the earn mode (except Flash) characters can be
repeated by pressing the key at any prompt.

4. Feedback in the Learn Phase

To enhance the learning experience, Super Morse provides
feedback after each response in the Learn mode in the form of a
report of the number of answers correct, the number of answers
incorrect, a percent score, and the number of consecutive correct
answers for the current session. Also, if an answer is wrong, the
correct answer is displayed and a brief review is provided. The
consecutive answers report is useful in determining when you
should go on to the next step in the Learn mode.

5. Character Speed in the Learn Phase

Super Morse permits you to use special speeds in the Learn
mode as determined by a selection in the Setup menu. This forces
characters to be learned at speeds which permit you to more
easily reach the General class speed. Initially, the speeds are
set to (5,18,5), and these speeds are automatically selected if
the learn speed mode is selected. These values are automatically
replaced by the last values used in the learn mode.

B. Lesson - DITS and DAHS, the Basic Code Sounds

Lesson teaches the basic DIT (short) and DAH (long)
sounds. After sending DITS and DAHS in various formats, you are
asked to identify randomly presented DITS and DAHS using the "1"
key for DITs and the "2" key for DAHs.

C. Lesson - Sound Combinations

Since Morse characters are comprised of combinations of DITS
and DAHS, Lesson is provided to introduce the four simplest
combinations: DIT DIT, DIT DAH, DAH DIT, and DAH DAH.

D. Lesson - Character Steps

Lesson combines the previously learned DITS and DAHS
into complete character sounds. The characters are paired with
similar (or confusing opposite) sounds in a series of
increasingly harder steps, and you are asked to identify
randomly-selected characters from each step. You should start
with step 1 and learn to distinguish the characters in each step
before continuing on to the next higher step. After all 69 steps
have been mastered, you should be ready to start with the group
and levels lessons. Some users have found this tedious, but it
will pay dividends if you
persevere.

If you desire only to practice the characters in a step, you
can skip introduction of the step characters by selecting the
"Drill" option when the line menu appears.

E. Lesson - Character Runs

The character steps idea is extended in Lesson . This
lesson forms groups of characters, each successive one of
which differs by only a DIT or a DAH from the previous
character.

F. Lesson - Character Groups

Lesson begins the traditional code groups as defined and
used by the ARRL and others. This lesson lets you study each
character group separately. The characters from the selected
group are presented randomly, and you are asked to identify them.
The groups used in Super Morse are those used in the ARRL
publication "Tune in the World with Ham Radio". If materials
having a different grouping are used, the groups can be changed
by altering the contents of the file named GROUPS.SM as described
earlier in this document. The initially installed groups are
included in the file GROUPS.1, and a second grouping used in an
older ARRL code booklet is included in GROUPS.2. To use either
of these groups, just delete the current GROUPS.SM file and copy
either GROUPS.1 or GROUPS.2 to the filename GROUPS.SM. Note that
only the letters and numbers can be changed, and no more than 8
user groups can be entered. Punctuation and prosigns are
automatically added as the last two groups.

If you desire only to practice the characters in a group,
you can skip introduction of the group characters by selecting
the "Drill" option.

G. Lesson - Character Learning Levels

Lesson permits you to study the various groups in Lesson
in a progressive manner starting with the simple Level 1
sounds and adding characters with each level. Each level is
simply a combination of groups 1 as defined above through the
group whose number is the same as the selected level number.
After the new characters for each level are presented, you are
asked to identify randomly presented characters from that level.

H. Lesson - All Characters

Lesson permits you to sum up all you have learned in the
previous 6 lessons in that all letters, numbers, punctuation, and
prosigns are sent for identification in the same manner as the
preceding lessons. Lesson is adaptive in that the more
recently missed characters are sent more often than the others.

I. Flash Characters

The Flash selection simulates flash cards by randomly
displaying characters from the currently active character
group in large display format. No user keyboard response is
required in this feature. To flash characters by groups, use
Setup to change the currently active character set.

J. Oddball Character Drill

The Oddball character function presents a group of five
characters with one different from the others, and you are asked
to enter the differing character. The two characters used in
this feature are always very similar or otherwise easily confused
and are randomly selected from the STEPS.CW file.

K. The User Group

The User selection permits you to practice a customized
group of characters. The currently active character set selected
with the Setup command in the main menu is randomly sent for
identification in the same manner as the preceding lessons.

L. Viewing the Character Groupings (Steps and Levels)

The character steps and groups used in the preceding
selections may be displayed using the View selection.
VI. The Build Phase

A. Building Code Speed

Once the character sounds have been mastered, speed can be
increased by receiving code in the Build phase. The Build
menu is as follows:

ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ ³
³ A - Groups ³
³ B - Words ³
³ C - Message ³
³ D - QSO ³
³ E - File ³
³ F - HELP ³
³ G - EXIT ³
³ ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ

All Build features require that you copy using pencil and paper.

B. Receiving Character Groups

The Groups selection permits you to practice with several
different types of groups. The choice is made from a line menu
which is presented when the Groups selection is made.

1. Random Groups

Random groups are 5 letter groups of characters randomly
selected from the current character set. This is a classic way
of practicing code reception and is used in most code tapes.

2. Structured Groups

Structured groups are similar to the Random groups except
that the first and second randomly selected characters of a group
are repeated in reverse order as the fourth and fifth characters.
The third character is always a randomly selected number. This
permits you to receive random code but have the ability to check
his answer without looking at the screen. The number is sent
even though you may have deselected the numbers.

3. Variable Groups

Variable groups are also similar to Random groups except
that the length of the groups is variable from 1 to 10. This
helps you become accustomed to copying normal words, which are of
differing lengths.

4. Group Sending Modes

When the type of group has been selected, you are asked to
select either sending continuously, sending a specified number,
or sending for a specified time. If number or time are selected,
you are asked to enter the number of groups or time desired in
minutes (or decimal fractions thereof). In the timed mode,
sending stops only after the last group has been completed, even
if the time expires in the middle of the group.

C. Receiving Complete Words

If you would rather work with real words rather than groups,
the Words function can be used. A choice of either "regular"
words, "ham" words, call signs, or words from a user file is
given.

The regular and ham words are selected from files of fixed
names REGWORDS.SM and HAMWORDS.SM, but user words are taken from
any file whose name you enter when prompted. You should prepare
the file as described earlier in this document. Each word (or
short phrase) should be placed on a single line starting in
column 1 and should be no longer than 20 characters. Up to 1000
words may be entered.

Call sign "words" are randomly generated and cannot be
configured by the user. Note that the call signs generated are
not limited to call signs actually issued by the FCC. At 15 WPM
and below each character is displayed as sent. Above 15 WPM the
entire word is sent before it is displayed.

As words are being sent, the current word can be repeated by
pressing the key.

D. Receiving A Message Entered via Keyboard

With the message function you can have a helper enter text
messages via the keyboard, and then attempt to copy it. The
maximum length of the message is 255 characters. The last
message can be repeated by pressing the key. This command
differs from the Enhance/Keyboard Send function in that nothing
is sent until RETURN is pressed and the length of message is
limited.

E. Receiving a Simulated Radio Transmission ("QSO")

You should used the QSO function if you would like to copy a
simulated radio contact between two stations (know to hams as a
"QSO"). Random text is sent containing randomly chosen call
signs, names, etc., providing a variety of QSO combinations. The
call signs are randomly selected from all the possible call
signs, which means that some unissued calls signs will be used.

At the prompt you can choose either a single QSO or a
continuous series of QSO's. The latter is useful in preparing
practice tapes.

The names, antenna types, city names, and rig types can be
changed to reflect your desires by editing the files ANTENNAS.SM,
NAMES.SM, CITIES.SM, RIGS.SM, and JOBS.SM as described earlier in
this document. The maximum number and length of the entries are
as follows:

File Max. No. Entries Max. Length Each Entry
---- ---------------- ----------------------
ANTENNAS.SM 50 15
CITIES.SM 200 15
JOBS.SM 100 20
NAMES.SM 200 10
RIGS.SM 100 15
STATES.SM 100 15

If the QSO is sent in the text Hide mode, you are given the
opportunity to review the QSO before exiting.

F. Receiving Text in a Disk File

1. General

This command sends the contents of a disk text file in Morse
code. At the prompt press RETURN to select the most recent file
used or enter the name of a new file (including the drive and
subdirectory) to be sent. If you do not know the name of the
file you wish to receive, you may press to obtain a disk
directory. At the prompt enter the file specification in the
form D:\SUBDIR\FILENAME.EXT, where "D:" is the drive designator,
"SUBDIR" is the subdirectory name if applicable. If all files
are desired, press RETURN to select the default "*.*" in place of
FILENAME.EXT.

Disk files can be sent either normally or in reverse by
entering proper character when prompted by the line menu.

You can practice by having someone create a text file of
unknown content. Another idea is to exchange disks with a friend
who is also studying the code and carry on a "disk QSO".

The disk file required for this command can be any ASCII
text file which you have created. Unprintable characters are
ignored. Multiple blanks may be skipped if desired in the Setup
menu. To familiarize yourself with the use of this command, you
can enter the name of the words file (WORDS.SM) or any of the
other data file having the SM extension, although this will not
provide very useful code practice.

2. Scripted Disk Files

Disk files can be "scripted" by placing a period (".") in
the first column of any line followed by a command character and
a space and text, if applicable. Scripting may be used for
example to prepare code tapes which have voice instructions
intermixed with the code. With scripting Super Morse follows
exactly the same line spacings as are used in the script file.
Thus, if you want lines skipped before and after the message,
place blank lines in your script file.

Scripting permits the following commands to be inserted in a
file:

a. The Message Command

The "M" command line as follows causes the to be printed
in highlight on the screen:

.M This a message to the user

This will print "* This is a message to the user" on the screen.

b. The Pause Command

The same effect as the message command, except with a pause
for you to press a key to continue, is provided by the "P"
command as follows:

.P Ask the user to do something

This will print "* Ask the user to do something" and instruct you
to press any key to continue.

c. Set Speeds Command

Speeds can be programmed into the script at the indicated
send speed (""), character speed ("") and word speed
("") with the "S" command as follows:

.S

With all commands the period should appear in the first column,
the command should be a capital letter, and a space must be
placed between the command character and the text or other
information which follow it.

d. Speed Lock Commands

The set speed keys can be disabled with the .L command and
re-enabled with the .U command. The .L and .U commands are not
followed by text.

G Receiving in the Zoom Mode

The Groups and Words functions can be sent in the "zoom"
mode, which is enabled and disabled by pressing the key
combination during any menu display. The zoom mode sends a
specified number of words at one speed and then bumps the speed
to a higher speed in a specified increment. The current status of
the zoom mode is shown on the bottom line of the screen.

When the zoom mode is active and either the Groups or Words
functions is invoked, you will be asked to enter a start speed,
an end speed, a speed increment, and the number of characters to
be sent at each speed. After the specified number of characters
is sent, the code speed is increased by the specified increment
until the end speed is reached. Increments of 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and
1.0 WPM are available.
VII. The Enhance Phase

A. Skill Enhancement

The Enhance phase includes modes which are designed to "put
the icing on the cake" by putting your code knowledge to work in
advanced ways.

The Enhance Phase menu is as follows:

ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ ³
³ A - Boost ³
³ B - Head ³
³ C - Lag ³
³ D - Q & A ³
³ E - Typewriter ³
³ F - Word ³
³ G - Keyboard ³
³ H - Manual ³
³ I - HELP ³
³ J - EXIT ³
³ ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ

B. Sending Code

The send-related commands in the Enhance phase permit you
to practice sending Morse code either from the keyboard or
manually using a designated keyboard key or an external
device as a straight key.

1. Sending from the Keyboard

This function permits you to enter individual keys to hear
how they sound. You can type ahead of the Super Morse sender by
80 characters maximum. Unlike the Build/Enter command, you do
not have to press RETURN to start sending characters.

2. Sending with a Manual Key

You may also wish to practice your "fist", i.e., your manual
sending ability, by using the a designated key or mouse button as
a telegraph key. The default designated key is the ALT key, but
this can be changed using the anual Key function in the
Setup/Ports menu to one of several keyboard keys, to an external
key, or to the left button of a Microsoft compatible mouse. In
this function Super Morse decodes the character sent and displays
it on the screen. Super Morse is initialized to the send speed
displayed on the status line. However, Super Morse automatically
adjusts to your sending speed as it changes. Since this
adjustment takes place slowly, you may have to send several
characters before Super Morse determines your speed and displays
the correct character on the screen. The dot/dash ratio is
constantly updated and displayed on the status line as the "Wt"
factor.

The external key is accessed via the DSR or RTS pin of the
designated port. A hand key can be interfaced by simply
connecting the key to pins 4 and 6 of the selected COM port.

C. Copying Behind

In order to learn to copy Morse code at high speeds, it is
necessary to remember several characters before the one presently
being sent. Super Morse has several Enhance phase exercises to
help you develop this ability to "copy behind". In all the copy
features, the characters used are selected using the Setup
command in the main menu.

1. Head Copy

The Head Copy function helps you learn to copy "in your
head" by developing your memory for a string of characters. In
this function a character sequence of increasing length is sent,
and you are asked to enter the sequence exactly after it has been
sounded. A new sequence is started each time an incorrect answer
is entered. The current sequence length and the best length for
the session are reported after each correct answer. The maximum
sequence length is 50 characters (Good luck!).

2. Lag Copy

The Lag copy function helps you learn to record a previous
character while remembering a later sent character. Instead of
entering the character that was most recently sent as in all
other functions of Super Morse, this function asks you to enter
the character sent a specified number of characters ago. The
default lag is 1 character, but you may enter a lag of up to 10
characters at the prompt. This exercise is very hard at first,
and you may have to use pencil and paper to get the hang of it.

3. Random Lag Copy

This function tests your ability to remember a sequence of 3
randomly sent characters. After the group of 3 characters is
sent, you are asked to enter either the first, second, or third
character.

4. Word Copy

This function sends complete words from the REGWORDS.SM file
and asks you to enter them correctly. A score is displayed on
the status line, and words may be repeated using the key.

D. Copying on a Typewriter

The military services train their Morse code operators to
use a typewriter to record incoming messages since it is much
faster than copying by hand. The Typewriter function permits you
to use the keyboard for "copying on the mill", as that method is
termed. In this function a simple text checking algorithm is
used to determine copy accuracy. Characters which are judged
correct are shown in normal display, and incorrect characters are
shown in reverse video. A running tally of correct and incorrect
characters is also displayed.

The text checking algorithm uses only a single character to
determine context. Consequently, it should work fine so long as
you copy each character when sent. However, if you copy too far
behind and get "out of sync", it may have difficulty in
determining which character you are copying and consequently may
judge one or more characters to be incorrect until it catches up.

E. Boost Copy

Boost copy automatically boosts your speed to your maximum
copy speed. The send speed starts at 3 WPM and automatically
adjusts upwardly in 0.1 WPM increments as long as you maintain a
copy rate specified in the Setup menu. If the rate drops below
the specified level, the speed stays constant until the specified
level is again attained. Each time you start boost copy, the
speed is bumped back by 0.5 WPM to give you a slight edge at the
beginning.

F. Questions and Answers

The Q&A feature sends questions stored in a user-created
file in code without screen presentation and asks you to enter
the answer on the keyboard. This feature may be used to ask
trivia questions or other easily answered questions.

Files for this feature can have any name, but they must be
constructed in a special way. The odd numbered lines contain
questions (no question mark required) and the even numbered lines
contain answers. Since the emphasis is upon correctly copying
the questions and not upon the answers, the questions should be
easily answered and the answers should preferably use only one
word without punctuation. Number answers should be in number form
and not written out in text. A short sample file Q&A.SM is
included with Super Morse.

As each question is sent you should copy it on a piece of
paper and enter the answer when prompted. The question may be
repeated by pressing the key at the prompt. After the
answer is entered, the full text of the last question is shown on
the screen.
VIII. The Measure Phase

A. The Measure Command

The Measure command provides several ways to test your Morse
code progress. The Measure menu is as follows:


ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ ³
³ A - Auto ³
³ B - File ³
³ C - Check ³
³ D - Display ³
³ E - Print ³
³ F - Generate ³
³ G - Keyboard ³
³ H - Solid ³
³ I - HELP ³
³ J - EXIT ³
³ ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ


B. Exam Sources

Several of the Measure functions use examinations based upon
simulated radio contacts, or QSO's. The format and content of
these QSO's are determined either by an internal QSO generation
routine or an external template. The internal routine is used
exclusively in the Auto exam function and is the default
selection in the Generate exam function.

The external template may be selected in the Generate exam
function. The external template is contained in a disk file
named QSOn.SM where "n" is a number from 1 to 99. The file
QSO1.SM is provided as an example, but you may created other
ASCII files yourself.

An exam QSO template file comprises any desired text built
around up to 20 pieces of randomly selected data. When data is
desired in the QSO file, insert the identifying number of the
data type surrounded by curved brackets ("{" and "}"). The
identifying numbers are as follows:

1 - calling station 11 - countries worked
2 - responding station 12 - band 1
3 - rst report 13 - band 2
4 - name 14 - job
5 - city 15 - rig type
6 - state 16 - antenna type
7 - age 17 - antenna height
8 - years a ham 18 - power (watts)
9 - license class 19 - weather
10 - states worked 20 - temperature (Degrees F)

The following is an example of a line in a QSO template:

My name is {4}, and I live in {5},{6}.

Super Morse randomly generates a name and substitutes it for
{4} and a city and state and substitutes them for {5} and {6}.
An example of the result is as follows:

My name is Joe, and I live in Northfield, KS.

At least 10 pieces of data should be used in any exam file
to support the 10 questions that are asked in the exam.

C. Simulated VEC Exam

This group of commands permits you to take a simulated code
test much like the one you would take when sitting for the
license exam given by the FCC-approved Volunteer Examination
Coordinator (VEC). All VEC exam-related functions are based upon
the simulated contact used for the SO command discussed above.
In the exam functions the student is asked to set the exam speed
either at novice, general class, extra class speed, or other
user-specified speed. If one of the three license classes is
chosen, you are further given the opportunity to select either
regular or Farnsworth spacing.

1. Auto Exam

This is a fully integrated self-test for the student. All
exam questions are displayed on the screen, and the exam is
automatically graded.

2. Exam from File

An exam may be prepared in advance and given using the Make
exam file and Run exam file commands. These commands are intended
primarily for use by an instructor to create and give a simulated
test to a student or students. The Make command generates an exam
QSO either internally or from an external template as selected
and stores it in a special file on disk. The Make command also
permits a new set of questions to be created for the existing
exam.

The Run command loads the exam previously created using the
Make command and sounds it at the ovice, eneral, or xtra
exam speed which you have selected. You can also select nne,
and the speed will default to that shown on the status line.

3. Checking Exam Contents

The Check exam function tallies and reports the characters
used and not used in the current exam file. This may be used to
determine whether an exam meets the requirements for an official
code test.

4. Displaying and Printing the Exam

You can review the text of the test QSO by displaying it on
the screen or by listing it on a line printer with the Display
and Print commands. Either command permits you to select either
the text of the exam, the related exam questions, or the exam
answers.

In the Print mode you are prompted to turn on the line
printer and press a key to begin. If the printer is not on, an
error will occur, and the program will terminate.

D. Keyboard Receive Test

This command lets you test your approximate receive speed.
You are prompted to choose either random characters or the
contenst of a disk file. The computer sends a character and waits
for you to type in the correct key. The accuracy of the copy is
displayed on the status line. When this function is exited using
the ESC key, the computer prints out the approximate send and
receive speeds.

If the incorrect key is typed, the character is printed in
reverse video (color monitors only) and sent again. The computer
also remembers wrong characters and sends them more often than
the other characters.

The character set used in the test can be configured using
the Setup command in the main menu as described elsewhere.

E. Solid Copy Test

This function tests your ability to copy random characters
without a mistake. A sequence of characters of increasing length
is sent, and you are asked to type in the sequence exactly as
sent. When a mistake is made, the test ends and you are given a
report of the number of consecutive characters copied correctly
and the number of minutes and seconds during which "solid copy"
occurred. IX. The Operation Phase


A. The Operation Menu

The operation menu provides functions which permit you to
use your code knowledge to communication with another person.
The following choices are provided:

ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ ³
³ A - Modem ³
³ B - Radio ³
³ C - HELP ³
³ D - EXIT ³
³ ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ


B. Two Way Practice via Telephone Modem

1. The Modem Command

The Modem command provides a simple terminal program which
permits you to use a telephone modem connected to your computer
to call another similarly equipped user and carry on a real time
QSO in Morse code. A modem using the Hayes AT command set is
assumed.

2. General Description of the Modem Function

When Modem is selected, the computer's selected
communications port is initialized to the parameters stored in
the configuration file, the default values of which are COM1,
1200 baud, 8 bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit. The modem is
initialized to automatically answer calls from another computer
on the first ring. In order for a connection to be successfully
made, both computers must be set to the same baud rate and
communications parameters.

The Modem commands may be displayed using the usual
specific help key. All On Line commands are invoked using the
key in combination with another key. For example, the
Morse mode is initiated by pressing the key combination.

Initially, the Modem function is in the "Terminal" mode,
which means that it will act just like a normal modem program and
will not sound Morse code. The terminal mode should be used to
make a connection with the other computer, and then you should
switch to the "CW" mode by pressing . You can switch
back to the terminal mode by pressing .

Initially Super Morse will sound both the received and sent
characters. This can be selectively changed using the and CTRL-S> commands. Super Morse also adds line feeds to all
carriage return characters. If received lines are printed
double-spaced, this can be changed with the command. If
you would like to see characters sent to the modem during the
time that Super Morse is not connected to another computer, use
the command.

To dial another computer, use the command. To
disconnect the phone, use the command. In either mode
characters can be sent from the keyboard, or a disk file can be
sent using the command. In addition to these commands,
all the Hayes "AT" commands can be used.

3. Making a Connection with Another Computer

To connect with another computer you should prearrange the
call with the other operator. Both copies of Super Morse should
be in the Modem function, and both should set Super Morse On Line
to the terminal mode with . Both must set their
communications parameters, other than the communications port, to
the same values. Decide who will initiate the call and who will
receive it. Since both modems are already initialized to answer
a call on the first ring, it does not matter which computer is
chosen.

The call initiator presses and enters the telephone
number of the call receiver and presses . He then
selects either tone (if he has a touch tone phone) or pulse
dialing (if he has a rotary dial phone) and presses . He
will hear the call receiver's telephone ring and the his modem
answer the phone, followed by a brief carrier tone. Both screens
should indicate "Connected to Remote SUPER MORSE."

Both users should then enter the CW mode by pressing C> and proceed with the landline QSO.

4. CONTROL Commands

Following is a summary of the CONTROL commands used in the
Modem function:

- Activate CW (Morse) mode
- Dial a number
- Echo/No echo of characters sent to modem
- Send a disk file

- Terminate telephone connection (hang up)
- Add/remove linefeeds from received text
- Hang up modem
- Set baud rate and other communications parameters
- Enable/disable Morse mode for received characters
- Enable/disable Morse mode for transmitted characters
- Activate Terminal (non-Morse) mode

5. Problems with Modem Command

Experienced modem users will recognize that some of the
above commands can be duplicated using the standard Hayes "AT"
commands. If you have any difficulty with the Modem function,
just remember that it is nothing more than a simple terminal
program which has the capability of sounding transmitted and
received characters in Morse code. If you need help, check with
a friend who understands the operation of Hayes and compatible
modems.

If the screen shows "Character Not Sent - Check Modem and
Port Selection", either the power to your modem is not switched
on or the wrong port has been selected. To correct the latter
use the Setup/Ports selection in the main menu to set parameters.
Correct the problem and try again!

C. Radio Terminal

The Radio command provides a very simple terminal for
sending and receiving Morse code via a radio, if an appropriate
interface circuit is used. The same COM pins are used in the
other Morse input-output function as discussed elsewhere in this
documentation.

When the Radio function is entered, Super Morse is in the
receive mode. To change to the send mode, press . To
return to the receive mode, press . X. We Need Your Feedback and Help!

A. Feedback

It is my goal that Super Morse be absolutely the best Morse
code training program available anywhere, commercial or
otherwise. If it is not the best, I will endeavor to make
it so. To achieve this I NEED YOUR INPUT! Please let me
know what you like about Super Morse, what you don't like
about it, any bugs or cosmetic defects you have discovered, what
you would like to see changed or added, etc. If you
have used another Morse code program that you like better,
tell me the name of the program and why you like it better.
Please take the time to answer and return the questions in
the registration form contained in the file REGISTER.FRM to me.
If the registration form is inadequate, write me a
letter. If a letter won't do the job, give me a call!

I particularly need feedback from those who use Super Morse
to train novices. If I know your needs, I will endeavor to add
those features to Super Morse.

Your help would be much appreciated. Remember Super Morse
is for you! So tell me what you want it to do for you.
Please give me your constructively frank opinion.

B. Help Others Learn About Super Morse

If Super Morse is helpful to you, you can help others learn
about it in the following ways:

1. Give a copy to your friends.

2. Upload Super Morse to your local computer bulletin
board system.

3. Leave a message on your computer bulletin board
recommending Super Morse.

4. Tell your ham club about it, especially the person in
charge of license classes.

5. Write a letter to a ham radio magazine recommending Super
Morse.

6. Write a review of Super Morse for a ham radio or
computer magazine.

C. Send Me Your Good News!

If Super Morse helps you obtain your license or upgrade to a
higher class of license, I would love to hear about it! Please
take the time to drop me a note and let me hear your good news!

D. Correspondence with Author

The author is happy to correspond by mail with users, but
please send a self-addressed, stamped envelope for the reply!!! APPENDICES

Appendix A. - General Information


1. The Author

The author holds an advanced class license to operate
amateur radio station WD5CID. He has a "5" call because he hails

from Texas, the home of real chili (red hot with no beans) and
real music (with steel guitar and/or fiddle with no
synthesizers). He is a registered patent attorney working with
Rockwell International Corporation in Cedar Rapids, IA (the old
Collins Radio Company).

2. The Software

Super Morse is written in Turbo Pascal version 6.0. The
development of Super Morse began in early 1986 under the name
"CW" and has gone through a number of versions. New versions
will be released as features are added and corrections are made
to previously released versions. The latest version of Super
Morse can usually be found on GEnie in the IBM-PC section and
Compuserve in HAMNET.

Credit must also be given to users who have made suggestions
for improving Super Morse. Many of their suggestions have been
incorporated into Super Morse.

3. Other Computers

Super Morse is available only for the IBM PC and
compatibles. It is not available for the Apple IIe, McIntosh,
Amiga, or other computers, and there are no plans to port it to
those machines. Super Morse will operate with some machines with
an IBM emulator program, but the loop timing method must be used.
Appendix B. - Super Morse License

As you may have noticed I have retained the copyright in
Super Morse, primarily in order to control its orderly
development. However, I am granting the right to anyone to use
the program for private, non-commercial purposes without further
permission from me. That is, you can copy it, use it, and share
it (including distribution at hamfests and in ham radio equipment
stores) so long as you do not charge any money for it other than
the cost of the disk or other transfer medium, not to exceed $2.
You may not make a profit or recover labor costs for copying or
distributing Super Morse. Super Morse must be distributed in its
original form and content. Please note that you MUST return a
completed registration form as contained in the file REGISTER.FRM
as a condition of using Super Morse.

Shareware distributors may distribute Super Morse so long as
they include on or in close associate with the distribution
diskette a PROMINENT NOTICE stating that the user must also make
a Shareware contribution to the author. The copy fee may not
exceed $5.
Appendix C. - Distribution and Support

1. Distribution Policy

Super Morse is distributed primarily through Compuserve
"Hamnet" and computer bulletin board systems. If possible, users
should obtain the program in that manner. If the user does not
have a modem, the author will make a courtesy copy if the user
will send a formatted diskette (preferably high density--either 5
1/4 or 3 1/2) and a stamped, addressed diskette mailer. A
contribution to support further development and distribution of
the program as described below is requested but not required.
The contribution is not a purchase price, and the author
therefore will not accept "orders" for Super Morse--a diskette
and mailer must be provided by the user in order to receive a
copy.

The author does not notify the users of updates. The users
should check Compuserve "Hamnet" and other bulletin boards
periodically for new versions. If you wish, you can send the
author a diskette and mailer as described above to be held until
a new version is released.

2. Suggested Contributions

a. U. S. Users

In order to cover expenses associated with the development
and distribution of Super Morse, such as equipment, software,
telecommunications charges, postage, supplies, and long distance
calls to users, I suggest that you make a voluntary contribution
of $20 (or whatever is affordable to you--or more if you think it
is worth it) for each copy of the program. For use by ham clubs
in organized classes, I suggest a contribution of $5 for each
student, unless the students make their own contributions
individually. If you have already made a contribution for a an
earlier release, you do not need to make an additional
contribution for a new release.

If you cannot afford a monetary contribution, at least
write the author a note and give me an "attaboy" or two. The
author is a always a sucker for an ego massage.

b. International Users

Please send contributions denominated in U. S. Dollars only.
Changing foreign currency in Cedar Rapids, IA requires a trip to
a downtown bank, and I am extremely lazy. If you cannot obtain
U.S. currency, you can send an International Money Order through
your national post office. The order will be forwarded to the
United States Postal Service which will process and mail a U. S.
money order to the author.

c. Credit Cards

Some users have asked about payment by credit cards. I do
NOT have this service available at this time.

d. Payments via Compuserve

Super Morse contributions may also be made via Compuserve's
Shareware Registration Database.

3. Courtesy Copies of Super Morse

If you cannot obtain a copy of Super Morse elsewhere, the
author will be happy to make you a courtesy copy, if you will do
the following:

a. Send a request to the above address. Make sure the
request has sufficient postage so that it does not arrive postage
due! It's aggravating to have to pay postage for the privilege
of distributing a free program.

b. Include a FORMATTED diskette, preferably 1.2 MB or
1.44MB/720K, but 360K is acceptable.

c. Include a STAMPED, SELF-ADDRESSED diskette mailer. Use
a standard diskette mailer if possible. If you have a U.S.
address, do not substitute cash for stamps. Enclosing loose
stamps and stick-on mailing label is acceptable.

d. Include a Shareware contribution as described above if
you can afford it.

4. Support and Inquiries

The author is happy to help you with problems in using Super
Morse. However, please keep in mind that there is only one of
the author and thousands of you. Therefore, before contacting
the author, please read this document and if possible consult
with a friend who is also a Super Morse user. If you are have a
question about DOS or WINDOWS, please check with your computer
vendor or a knowledgeable friend first.

The author can be contacted on Compuserve (ID No.:
71016,1355), GEnie (Address: L.MURRAH), on packet @WA0RJT or by
U.S. mail at the following address:

10 Cottage Grove Woods, S.E.
Cedar Rapids, IA 52403

If you write the author, you must enclose a self-addressed,
stamped envelope. The author does not normally respond without
one.

The author can also be reached by telephone at 319-365-6530.
Please do not call the author at his workplace!

5. Comments and Suggestions

The author likes to receive comments and suggestion for
improvements to Super Morse.
Appendix D. - Information about Amateur Radio

Information about amateur radio can be obtained from a
number of sources.

1. Amateur Radio Organizations

There are two organizations devoted to the promotions of
radio.

The National Amateur Radio Association (NARA)
is a specialized new organization dedicated to increasing
participation in amateur radio, especially by the youth of
America. NARA's address is:

National Amateur Radio Association
16541 Redmond Way, Suite 232
Redmond, WA 98052

The American Radio Relay League (ARRL) is a general
membership amateur radio organization serving the United States
and Canada. Sister organizations exist in many other countries.
The ARRL publishes a monthly magazine named QST and provides many
useful services and publications. The ARRL's address is:

American Radio Relay League
225 Main Street
Newington, CT 06111

The W5YI Group publishes several amateur radio courses and
manuals, some of which are available through Radio Shack stores.
This company can be contacted directly at the following address:

The W5YI Group
P.O. Box 565101
Dallas, TX 75356

Tel: 817/461-6443

2. Amateur Radio Magazines

Several major magazines devoted to amateur radio are
available at most amateur radio and electronics stores and at
many large newsstands and supermarket and drug store magazine
racks. The following is a list of several of these magazines:

QST (published by ARRL for members)
73
CQ
World Radio

3. On-Line Computer Services

A vast amount of information about amateur radio can be
obtained from on-line computer services.

One of the primary on-line sources is the COMPUSERVE
information utility, which provides a special interest area
called HAMNET to its subscribers. Most computer and software
stores can tell you how to subscribe to COMPUSERVE.

The GEnie on-line utility also has a special interest area
for radio and broadcasting interests. To subscribe to GEnie you
can call 800-638-9636.

Most communities of substantial size have an amateur radio
club or at least one ham. To find the nearest club or ham
contact the ARRL or call businesses who are likely to have a ham
on the payroll. Try a local radio dealer (amateur or commercial)
or TV or radio station. The author found a ham to help him out by
looking for suspiciously large antennas in the neighborhood.
Another good tactic is to look for amateur radio call sign
automobile license tags and make contact with the driver (try
leaving a note on the windshield).
Appendix E. - Morse Code Table

Morse Code Table

Letters

A DIT DAH N DAH DIT
B DAH DIT DIT DIT O DAH DAH DAH
C DAH DIT DAH DIT P DIT DAH DAH DIT
D DAH DIT DIT Q DAH DAH DIT DAH
E DIT R DIT DAH DIT
F DIT DIT DAH DIT S DIT DIT DIT
G DAH DAH DIT T DAH
H DIT DIT DIT DIT U DIT DIT DAH
I DIT DIT V DIT DIT DIT DAH
J DIT DAH DAH DAH W DIT DAH DAH
K DAH DIT DAH X DAH DIT DIT DAH
L DIT DAH DIT DIT Y DAH DIT DAH DAH
M DAH DAH Z DAH DAH DIT DIT

Numbers

1 DIT DAH DAH DAH DAH
2 DIT DIT DAH DAH DAH
3 DIT DIT DIT DAH DAH
4 DIT DIT DIT DIT DAH
5 DIT DIT DIT DIT DIT
6 DAH DIT DIT DIT DIT
7 DAH DAH DIT DIT DIT
8 DAH DAH DAH DIT DIT
9 DAH DAH DAH DAH DIT
0 DAH DAH DAH DAH DAH

Punctuation

. DIT DAH DIT DAH DIT
, DAH DAH DIT DIT DAH DAH
? DIT DIT DAH DAH DIT DIT
/ DAH DIT DIT DAH DIT
- DAH DIT DIT DIT DIT DAH

Procedure Signs

+ DIT DAH DIT DAH DIT
! DIT DAH DIT DIT DIT
# DAH DIT DAH DAH DIT
$ DIT DIT DIT DAH DIT DAH
= DAH DIT DIT DIT DAH
% DIT DIT DIT DAH DIT
@ DIT DAH DIT DAH
& DIT DAH DIT DIT DAH

Note: The phonetic "DIT" is used in every appearance in the above
table for the sake of clarity. However, "DIT" is normally
rendered as "DI" when it precedes another sound element and
written out fully only when it is the last element in a
character. The reason is that "DIT" seems to have the "T" ending
only when it is the last element in a character. For example, the
character "C" is normally written phonetically as "DAH DI DAH
DIT".
Appendix F. - Troubleshooting


If you have difficulty in using Super Morse, you should
begin by reading the instructions! Most problems are due to a
misunderstanding of how Super Morse operates, and the
instructions should clear up most problems. However, if you
continue to have a problem after reading the instructions, the
following points may be helpful in resolving your problem.

1. Random Characters Faster than Plain Text

This is NOT a problem. Due to the way code speed is
calculated, random characters sound faster than plain text. For
an explanation see the discussion of code speed earlier in the
documentation.

2. 'File Not Found' or 'I/O Error 02' Message

a. Make sure that all files with an HLP and an SM
extension are copied to the same subdirectory or diskette
containing SM.EXE.

b. Make sure all the required files listed early in this
documentation are on the program disk.

c. If Super Morse is distributed in ARC format,
de-archive only with ARC 5.12 or later, or PKXARC. For ZIP
format use PKUNZIP 1.02 or later.

d. Make sure the program disk is in the currently
active drive when run.

e. Make sure that SM.CFG is present and is not shown
with 0 bytes. If the latter happens, erase SM.CFG and start the
program again.

f. If you de-archived onto a floppy, copy the distribution
file to a hard disk and try again. The floppy has
overflowed, and not all necessary files were de-archived.

3. 'I/O Error 100'

Erase the SM.CFG file. If that does not work, erase the
SMn.USR files. The current version of one of these files is
probably longer than the previous version.

4. 'I/O Error 101'

Your disk is full. Usually happens when trying to run
Super Morse from a floppy. Run it on a hard disk, or remove all
unnecessary files, such as sm.doc, from the floppy.

5. 'I/O Error 150'

Remove the write protect tab from your diskette! Super
Morse must be able to write to the diskette to create the
configuration and user statistics files.

6. Strange Values on the Status Line and Other Weird
Happenings

Erase the SM.CFG and/or SMn.USR file and start over!

7. 'Disk Read Error'

Erase SM.CFG and/or SMn.USR and start over.

8. No Video on Laptop Computer

It has been reported to me that Super Morse will not run on
some laptop computers with LCD screens. If someone knows why and
knows how to fix the problem, please let me know.

9. Erratic or Choppy Code Sound

Switch to the software loop code timing method. Microsoft
Windows or non-standard computer designs are not compatible with
the clock timing method.

10. Code Speed Changes

If the loop timing method is used, the code speed will be
affected each time you add or remove a memory resident program.
You must recalibrate each time.

11. Mouse Does Not Work after Running Super Morse

In some functions, Super Morse can interfere with a serial
mouse. Reboot the computer to correct the problem.

12. External Key Does Not Work

Check the following:

a. The RS-232 connector pins are small and easily confused.
Remember that the connector pins on the computer are a mirror
image of those on the cable connector.

b. Super Morse uses two COM ports, and you should make sure
that different ports are set for the Modem function and the
keying function.

c. Be sure that the "External" keying source is selected.

13. Speaker Not Loud Enough

Aside from adding external amplification, about all you can
do is change the speaker tone since speakers vary in their
loudness at different frequencies. Super Morse does not support
sound boards such as the Sound Blaster. Appendix G. - Interfacing


1. Using an External Hand Key


To RS-232 DSR o ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
(Pin 6) or CTS ³
(Pin 5) o
/ Morse Hand Key
(COMPUTER) / ("Straight" Key)
o

To RS-232 o ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ
Pin 7


2. Driving a Transmitter or Other Device


The following circuit designed by John Swancara, WA6LOD, can
be used to drive a keyer, code oscillator, or a transmitter. It
s described in QST Magazine, February, 1990, page 36. A
similar³ircuit was provided by John Dilks, K2TQN.

If these connections do not work, first check the Port
settings in the Setup menu. Then check your computer's RS-232
information in case you computer uses something different from
the standard.

ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ Radio Shack TIL-113 ³
³ ³
ÚÄÁÄ¿ ÚÄÁÄ¿
³ ³ ³ ³
RS-232 Signal o ÄÄÄÄ´ 1 ÃÄÄÄ¿ ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´ 6 Ã o NC
ground (Pin 7) ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³
ÀÄÂÄÙ ³ ³ ÀÄÂÄÙ
³ ³ ³ ³
³ Á ³ ³
³ \ / ³ ³
³ v ³ ³
³ Â ³ ³
³ ³ ³ ³
³ ³ ³ ³
D1 ³ ³ \ ³ ³
ÚÄÁÄ¿ ³ \ ³ ÚÄÁÄ¿
RS-232 R1 / ³ ³ ³ \ ³ ³ ³
Pin o ÄÂÄ \/\/ Ä´< ÃÄÄ´ 2 ÃÄÄÄÙ \ ³ ÚÄÄÄ´ 5 Ã o To
4 ³ \ ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ Positive
³ ÀÄÂÄÙ ³ / ÀÄÂÄÙ Keying
³ ³ ³ ³/ ³ Line
ÄÁÄ C1 ³ ³ ³ ³
ÄÂÄ ³ ³ ³ ³
³ ³ ÀÄÄÄ´ ³
³ ³ ³ ³
³ ³ ³ ³
³ ³ ³\ ³
o Ä´ ³ \ ³
³ ÚÄÁÄ¿ _| ÚÄÁÄ¿
³ ³ ³ ³ ³
Á NC o ´ 3 ³ ÀÄÄÄ´ 4 ÃÄÂ o To
- ³ ³ ³ ³ ³ Trans-
ÀÄÂÄÙ ÀÄÂÄÙ ³ mitter
Interface ³ ³ ³ Chassis
Board ³ ³ ³
Ground ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ ³
³
Á Interface
- Board
Ground

D1 = 1N914
R1 = 1K Ohm, 1/4 Watt
C1 = 0.01 Microfarad, 50 Volt
DTR = Data Terminal Ready pin
NC = no connection

Note: (1) Voltage on pins 4 and 5 of TIL-113 should be kept below
20 volts, and the current draw should not exceed 100
ma.

(2) The Philco ECG 3041 may be substituted for the Radio
Shack TIL-113.

3. Using a Volume-Controlled Headphone

Splice a 50 ohm variable resistor and a headphone jack into
the PC speaker line as shown below. The headphone jack should
break the speaker circuit and close the headphone circuit when
the headphone plug is inserted.

Headphone Jack

o ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ o o

\ ³
PC 50 / < ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿ /³
Speaker ohm \ ³ / ³ PC
Line / ³ ³/ ³ Speaker
³ ³\ ³
³ ³ ³ \ ³
o ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ \³

4. Using an External Oscillator


Following is a simple code oscillator driven from the COM
port of a PC designed by Jeff Furman, KD6MNP.

DB-25
FEMALE
1N4001
ÕÍÍÍÍ͸
³ ³ \
³ ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´ \ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄ¿
³ 4 ³ ³ /³ ³ ³
³ ³ / ³ ³ 555
³ ³ ÚÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
ÆÍÍÍÍ͵ ³ ³
³ ³ ³ 4 8 ³
³ ³ ³ ³
³ 7 ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄ´ 1 ³
³ ³ ³ ³ ³
³ ³ ³ ³ ³
ÔÍÍÍÍ; ³ ³ ³
³ ³ 6 2 3 ³ 1/8" stereo
³ ÀÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÂÄÄÙ headphone jack
³ ³ ³ ³
³ ³³ ³ ³ ³ ³³
ÃÄÄÄÄ´ÃÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÂÄÙ ÃÄÄÄÄ´ÃÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄ V ³
³ ³³ ³ ³ ³³ ÀÄÄ v ³
³ ³ ³ ³
³ \/\/\ ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ
³ 0.001 uF 0.01 uF ³
³ film 680k ceramic or ³
³ ohms film ³
³ ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ


This easily fits inside the DB-25 shell.
Adjust the 680k ohm resistor to change the pitch--
higher value for lower pitch, etc.
Decrease the value of the 0.01 uF cap. for lower volume.

Super Morse Setup:

Keying Port :

Output Keying: ON
RS-232 Output: RTS
Output Sense : -

5. Using an External Sound Output

The following was submitted by Bruce G. Kinney, San Jose, CA

ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
30K Shield³ ³
Pin 20 > \/\/\/ ÄÂÄÄ O ´ MOD IN ³ /³
³ ³ O ÃÄÄÄÄ / ³
.68uf ÄÁÄ ³ ³ U ³ < ³ Speaker
ÄÂÄ ³ ³ T ÃÄÄÄÄ \ ³
³ ³ ³ ³ \³
Pin 7 > ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÁÄ´ GND ³
³ ³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ
LEADER 1300S
Function Generator